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G3753
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OH-teh
Translations: when, whenever, at which time
Notes: This word functions as a temporal adverb or conjunction, indicating a point or period in time. It is used to introduce a clause that specifies when an action occurs or occurred, similar to 'when' or 'whenever' in English. It can refer to a specific past event or a general, recurring condition.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΗΝΙΚΑ, ΟΠΟΤΕ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (the) and the particle 'te' (then, at that time). It originally meant 'at that time when'.
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.
G5055
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-TEH-leh-sen
Translations: he finished, he completed, he accomplished, he performed, he fulfilled
Notes: This verb means to bring to an end, to complete, or to accomplish something. It is often used in the context of finishing a task, fulfilling a prophecy, or bringing a process to its conclusion. It can also mean to perform a duty or to pay a tax.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΛΗΡΟΩ, ΕΚΤΕΛΕΩ, ΠΕΡΑΙΝΩ
G0314
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ah-nah-gih-NOH-skoo-sah
Translations: reading, a reading (woman)
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'reading' or 'one who is reading'. It describes an ongoing action of reading and functions like an adjective or a noun, often referring to a person performing the action. In this form, it refers to a singular feminine subject.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Feminine, Nominative
Synonyms: ἈΝΑΓΙΝΩΣΚΩΝ, ἈΝΑΓΙΝΩΣΚΟΜΕΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἀναγινώσκω (anaginōskō) is a compound word formed from ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and γινώσκω (ginōskō), meaning 'to know' or 'to perceive'. The combination suggests 'to know again' or 'to read through'.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G1453
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-GER-thay
Translations: he was raised, he was awakened, he arose, he stood up
Notes: This word describes the action of being raised, awakened, or caused to stand up. It is often used in the context of someone rising from sleep, from a seated or lying position, or being raised from the dead. As a passive verb, the subject is the one who receives the action.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΕΞΕΓΕΙΡΩ
G0575
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: AH-po
Translations: from, away from, out of, off, (of), by, since, after
Notes: ἈΠΟ is a common Koine Greek preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or source. It is always used with the genitive case. It can mean 'from' or 'away from' a place or person, indicating movement away. It can also denote the cause or agent ('by'), or a temporal starting point ('since', 'after').
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἘΚ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'off' and 'of'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G2515
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kah-THEH-dras
Translations: of a seat, of a chair, of a throne, of a bench, of a teaching seat, of a teacher's chair, of a cathedra
Notes: This is a feminine noun in the genitive singular case. It refers to a seat, chair, or throne, often implying a position of authority or teaching. It can also refer to the place where one sits, such as a bench or a teaching platform. In a sentence, it would indicate possession or origin, for example, 'the authority of the seat' or 'from the chair'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΘΡΟΝΟΣ, ΣΚΑΜΝΟΝ, ΕΔΡΑ
G2064
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EL-than
Translations: they came, they went
Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist indicative active form of the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It describes an action that happened in the past, completed at a specific point, without emphasis on its duration. It is used to indicate that a group of people or things arrived or departed.
Inflection: Third person plural, Aorist, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ
G5064
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: TES-sah-res
Translations: four
Notes: This word means 'four' and is used to denote the quantity of four items or people. It functions as an adjective, agreeing in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies. This specific form is used for masculine and feminine nouns in the nominative or accusative case.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar words for 'four' in other Indo-European languages.
G3495
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: neh-ah-NEE-ai
Translations: young man, a young man, youth, young men
Notes: This word refers to a young man, typically one who is in the prime of his life, often implying strength, vigor, or military age. It is used to describe males who are not yet old men but have passed childhood. In the provided context, it refers to multiple young men.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΝΕΟΣ, ΝΕΩΤΕΡΟΣ
G0142
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-ran
Translations: they took up, they lifted, they carried, they took away, they removed
Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb 'αἴρω' (airō). It describes an action that was completed in the past, specifically that 'they' (a group of people) lifted, took up, carried, or removed something. It can be used in various contexts where an object is being physically moved from one place to another, or even metaphorically removed.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΒΑΣΤΑΖΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G2515
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kah-THEH-dran
Translations: a chair, a seat, a throne
Notes: This word refers to a chair, seat, or throne. It is used to denote a place where one sits, often implying a position of authority or teaching, such as a teacher's chair or a ruler's throne. It is a feminine noun.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΘΡΟΝΟΣ, ΕΔΡΑ
Etymology: The word ΚΑΘΕΔΡΑ (kathedra) comes from the Greek preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ἕδρα (hedra), meaning 'seat' or 'sitting'. Thus, it literally means 'a sitting down' or 'a seat'.
G0565
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ap-AYL-thon
Translations: went away, departed, left
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. Therefore, it means 'to go away' or 'to depart'. It is used to describe someone or something moving from one place to another, specifically leaving a location.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ, ΑΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G0395
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-nah-toh-LEN
Translations: east, a rising, dawn, a branch, a shoot
Notes: This word refers to the direction of the east, where the sun rises. It can also metaphorically refer to the rising of the sun itself, or the dawn. In some contexts, it can also mean a sprout or a shoot, particularly in prophetic or messianic contexts, referring to a descendant or a new beginning. It is a feminine noun.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ἈΝΑΤΟΛΑΙ, ἈΝΑΤΟΛΗ
Etymology: From the Greek verb ἀνατέλλω (anatellō), meaning 'to rise up' or 'to cause to rise'. It is formed from ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up', and τέλλω (tellō), meaning 'to accomplish' or 'to rise'.
G4341
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-ka-LEE-tai
Translations: is called, is summoned, is invited, is called to oneself
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to call to oneself,' 'to summon,' or 'to invite.' It is often used in the passive voice, indicating that someone is being called or summoned by another. It can refer to a formal summons, an invitation, or simply the act of calling someone to one's side.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΩ, ΣΥΓΚΑΛΕΩ, ΠΡΟΣΦΩΝΕΩ
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G1691
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MEH
Translations: me
Notes: This word is the first-person singular pronoun 'me' in the accusative case. It is used as the direct object of a verb or as the object of certain prepositions, indicating the recipient of an action or the object being affected.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, First Person
Etymology: The word ΜΕ (me) derives from the ancient Greek first-person singular pronoun. Its form has remained largely consistent throughout various stages of the Greek language.
G0680
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: HEE-psah-toh
Translations: he touched, she touched, it touched, he took hold of, she took hold of, it took hold of
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'ἅπτομαι' (haptomai), meaning 'to touch' or 'to take hold of'. It is used to describe an action where someone or something made physical contact with another object or person. It can imply a gentle touch or a more firm grasp, depending on the context.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΘΙΓΓΑΝΩ, ΕΦΑΠΤΟΜΑΙ
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G4746
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: STAY-thoos
Translations: of the breast, of the chest, of the bosom
Notes: This word refers to the breast, chest, or bosom, typically of a human or animal. It can also refer to the front part of the body. In the provided context, it refers to the breastplate or ephod worn by the high priest, which held the Urim and Thummim.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΟΛΠΟΥ, ΜΑΣΤΟΥ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *steygʰ- (to step, walk), possibly referring to the chest as the part of the body that 'stands out'.
G1700
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: moo
Translations: of me, my, mine
Notes: ΜΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning "of me," "my," or "mine." It indicates possession or origin, similar to how "my" or "mine" is used in English. It can be used with nouns to show ownership (e.g., "my house") or with verbs to indicate the source or object of an action (e.g., "he heard of me").
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Common Gender
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LEH-ghei
Translations: says, speaks, he says, he speaks, she says, she speaks, it says, it speaks
Notes: This is a common Koine Greek verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is frequently used to introduce direct quotes or to state what someone (or something) is declaring. It is often translated as 'he says' or 'the Lord says' in biblical contexts.
Inflection: Third person singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MOY
Translations: (to) me, (for) me
Notes: ΜΟΙ is the dative form of the first-person singular pronoun 'I'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, showing to whom or for whom an action is performed. It can also express possession or benefit.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, First Person
Synonyms: ΕΜΟΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient word, found across many Indo-European languages.
G0700
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-reh-sen
Translations: it pleased, it was pleasing, it seemed good
Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'areskō'. It means 'it pleased' or 'it was pleasing'. It describes an action that occurred in the past and was completed, indicating that something was agreeable or satisfactory to someone. It is often used impersonally, as in 'it pleased [someone] to do [something]'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΔΟΚΕΩ, ΕΥΔΟΚΕΩ
G4771
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: SOY
Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you
Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.
G3588, G3739, G2228
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection
Sounds like: AY
Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah
Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)
Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.
G0320
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-nahg-NO-sis
Translations: reading, a reading, public reading
Notes: This word refers to the act of reading, especially a public reading of scripture or other texts. It can also refer to the text that is read. It is typically used in contexts involving the proclamation or study of written material.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΝΩΣΜΑ, ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ
Etymology: From ἀναγινώσκω (anaginōskō, "to read"), from ἀνά (ana, "up, again") + γινώσκω (ginōskō, "to know"). It literally means 'to know again' or 'to know thoroughly', which evolved into 'to read' as one 'knows' a text by reading it.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LEH-goh
Translations: say, speak, tell, call, mean
Notes: This is a very common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to introduce direct or indirect speech, to give commands, or to express an opinion. It can also mean 'to call' or 'to name' someone or something, or 'to mean' something.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΕΡΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *leg- meaning 'to collect, gather'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to pick out words', hence 'to speak' or 'to say'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TEH
Translations: she, herself, to her, for her, of her, her, it, itself, to it, for it, of it, its, they, them, themselves
Notes: This word is a form of the pronoun 'autos', meaning 'self' or 'same'. It can function as a personal pronoun (he, she, it, they), a reflexive pronoun (himself, herself, itself, themselves), or an intensive pronoun (the very, the same). Its specific meaning depends on its case, number, and gender, and the context of the sentence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine; or Singular, Dative, Feminine; or Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative, Neuter
Etymology: The word 'autos' (from which 'autē' is derived) comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ew-to-, a pronominal stem. It is related to other pronouns and demonstratives in various Indo-European languages.
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: koo-REE-ah
Translations: lady, mistress, a lady, a mistress, Lord, master
Notes: This word is the feminine form of the noun 'κύριος' (kyrios), meaning 'lord' or 'master'. It can refer to a female head of a household, a mistress, or a lady of high standing. It can also be used as an adjective meaning 'lordly' or 'authoritative'. In some contexts, it can refer to the Lord (God) in a more general sense, or to a female deity.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΙΝΑ, ΚΥΡΑ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOW-tah
Translations: these, these things
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'these' or 'these things'. It refers to something previously mentioned or understood from the context, pointing it out specifically. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, while as an adjective, it modifies a noun.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G2078
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ES-kha-tah
Translations: last, final, outermost, end, a last thing, the end
Notes: This word describes something that is at the very end, the furthest point, or the most extreme. It can refer to the last in a series, the outermost boundary, or the ultimate state of something. It can be used as an adjective to modify a noun, or as a noun itself meaning 'the end' or 'the last thing'.
Inflection: Neuter Plural Nominative or Accusative, or Feminine Singular Nominative
Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΥΤΑΙΟΣ, ἘΣΧΑΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἔσχατος (eschatos) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European root *eghs- meaning 'out'. It refers to the extreme or last point in space or time.
G0700
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-RES-kee
Translations: it pleases, it is pleasing, it is agreeable
Notes: This word means 'to please' or 'to be agreeable to'. It is often used impersonally, meaning 'it pleases' or 'it is pleasing', and typically takes a dative object to indicate the person or thing that is pleased. For example, 'it pleases me' or 'it is agreeable to them'.
Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Etymology: The word ἀρέσκω (areskō) is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂er- meaning 'to fit, to join'. It conveys the sense of being fitting or agreeable.
G4413
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: PRO-tah
Translations: first, foremost, chief, principal, first things, firstly, at first, before
Notes: This word can function as an adjective or an adverb. As an adjective, it means 'first,' 'foremost,' 'chief,' or 'principal,' referring to something that is initial in time, order, or importance. In its neuter plural form, it can refer to 'the first things.' As an adverb, it means 'firstly,' 'at first,' or 'before,' indicating the initial action or position in a sequence.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (as an adjective); Does not inflect (as an adverb)
Synonyms: ΠΡΩΤΟΣ, ΠΡΩΤΟΝ, ΠΡΩΤΩΣ
G5467
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: kha-LEH-pa
Translations: difficult, hard, grievous, fierce, dangerous, harsh, severe, difficult things, hard things, grievous things
Notes: This word describes something that is difficult, hard, or grievous to bear, often implying danger or severity. It can refer to things that are physically or morally challenging, or to people who are fierce or harsh in their character. It is often used to describe circumstances or conditions that are troublesome.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative; or Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΔΥΣΚΟΛΟΣ, ΒΑΡΥΣ, ΣΚΛΗΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΧΑΛΕΠΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to press' or 'to burden'.
G4642
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: sklay-RAH
Translations: hard, harsh, severe, difficult, stubborn, a hard, a harsh, a severe, a difficult, a stubborn
Notes: This word describes something as hard, harsh, or severe. It can refer to physical hardness, like a hard surface, or to a harsh or difficult situation, person, or statement. It can also imply stubbornness or obstinacy when describing a person or their heart.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΥΣΚΟΛΟΣ, ΒΑΡΥΣ, ΣΤΕΡΕΟΣ
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-fay
Translations: he said, she said, it said, he spoke, she spoke, it spoke
Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist indicative active form of the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone said or spoke in the past, often translated as 'he said' or 'she said'. It can be used in various contexts to introduce direct or indirect speech.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΙΠΕΝ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: leh-GOO-sah
Translations: saying, speaking, telling, a woman saying
Notes: This word is a present active participle, indicating an ongoing action. It is in the feminine, singular, and nominative case, meaning it describes a female subject who is in the act of saying, speaking, or telling something. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, or can be used substantively (as a noun) to refer to 'the one who is saying'.
Inflection: Present Active Participle, Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΟΥΣΑ, ΦΩΝΟΥΣΑ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G647
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ap-os-TAH-tays
Translations: apostates, rebels, renegades
Notes: This word refers to individuals who abandon their faith, principles, or allegiance. It describes someone who has defected or revolted from a previously held position or group. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀπό' (away from) and 'ἵστημι' (to stand), literally meaning 'one who stands away from'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ἈΝΤΑΡΤΑΙ, ἈΝΤΙΛΕΓΟΝΤΕΣ
G2980
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: lah-LOO-sees
Translations: of speaking, of talking, of saying, of proclaiming
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'λαλέω', meaning 'to speak' or 'to talk'. As a participle, it describes an action that is ongoing or concurrent with the main verb of the sentence. It functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to indicate the manner or time of an action. For example, it can describe someone 'who is speaking' or an action that occurs 'while speaking'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Present Active Participle
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΟΥΣΗΣ, ΦΩΝΟΥΣΗΣ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TES
Translations: (of) her, her, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a form of the third-person pronoun 'autos'. It is used to refer to a singular feminine noun that has already been mentioned or is understood from the context. It indicates possession or is used after prepositions that require the genitive case. For example, it could mean 'her' (as in 'her house') or 'of her'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to
Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MOO
Translations: (of) me, my
Notes: This is the genitive case of the first-person singular pronoun 'I'. It indicates possession or origin, functioning similarly to 'of me' or 'my' in English. It is used to show that something belongs to the speaker or comes from the speaker.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, First Person
Synonyms: ΜΟΥ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is the first-person singular pronoun, indicating the speaker.
G1417
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: DEE-oh
Translations: two
Notes: This word is a cardinal numeral meaning 'two'. It is used to indicate a quantity of two of something. It is indeclinable, meaning its form does not change regardless of gender, case, or number.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'two'.
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TI-nes
Translations: some, certain ones, who, what
Notes: This word is an indefinite pronoun meaning 'some' or 'certain ones'. It can also function as an interrogative pronoun, asking 'who?' or 'what?' in the plural. Its meaning often depends on the context of the sentence.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine
G0435
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AN-dres
Translations: men
Notes: This word means 'men' and is the plural form of 'man'. It refers to adult male human beings. In Koine Greek, it is often used generally to refer to people, especially in a collective sense, or specifically to males.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΙ
G5316
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-FAH-nay-sahn
Translations: they appeared, they were seen, they became visible, they shone
Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'phainō'. It means 'they appeared' or 'they were seen', indicating that a group of people or things became visible or manifested themselves. It describes an action that occurred in the past, where the subjects were the recipients of the action of being made visible.
Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Passive, Indicative
Synonyms: ΟΡΑΩ, ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ
Etymology: The word 'phainō' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to shine' or 'to show'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey ideas of light, appearance, or manifestation.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TEEN
Translations: her, it, herself
Notes: This is a third-person personal pronoun, specifically the feminine, singular, accusative form of 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It is used to refer to a feminine noun that is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. It can be translated as 'her' or 'it' (when referring to a feminine object), and sometimes reflexively as 'herself' or 'itself'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G0001
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ang-KOH-nohn
Translations: of elbows, of arms
Notes: This word refers to the elbow or, more broadly, the arm. As a genitive plural, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of elbows' or 'of arms'. It is used to describe something belonging to or related to multiple elbows or arms.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: The word ἈΓΚΩΝ (ankōn) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂enk-, meaning 'bend' or 'corner'. It is related to words describing angles or bends in various languages.
G0565
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ap-AYL-than
Translations: they went away, they departed, they left, they passed away
Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist indicative active form of the verb 'ἀπέρχομαι' (aperchomai), which means 'to go away from', 'to depart', or 'to leave'. It is a compound verb formed from 'ἀπό' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. Therefore, it describes an action of moving away from a place or state, often implying a final departure or cessation.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΦΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ΑΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ
Etymology: The word ἈΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ is a compound of the preposition ἈΠΟ (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: The word "ΟΟΥ" appears to be a misspelling or a rare variant of the common Koine Greek negative particle "ΟΥ" (ou). In its correct form, "ΟΥ" is an adverb used to express negation, meaning "not" or "no." It is typically used with indicative verbs to deny a fact or state, or with participles and infinitives. For example, it would be used in a sentence like "he is not going" or "they did not see."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΗ
G2515
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kah-THEH-drah
Translations: seat, chair, throne, a seat, a chair, a throne
Notes: This word refers to a seat, a chair, or a throne. It is often used to denote a place of authority or teaching, such as a teacher's chair or a judge's bench. It can also refer to a literal seat or a place where someone sits.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΘΡΟΝΟΣ, ΕΔΡΑ
Etymology: The word ΚΑΘΕΔΡΑ (kathedra) is a compound word derived from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ἕδρα (hedra), meaning 'seat' or 'sitting'. It literally means 'a sitting down' or 'a place for sitting'.
G2431
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: hee-LAH-rah
Translations: cheerful, joyful, glad, merry, a cheerful one
Notes: This word describes something or someone as cheerful, joyful, or glad. It is used to express a state of happiness or a disposition that is bright and pleasant. It can modify nouns to indicate that they possess this quality, such as 'cheerful giving' or 'joyful songs'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΦΡΩΝ, ΧΑΡΜΟΣΥΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἱλαρός (hilaros) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *selh₂- meaning 'to be gracious, to be kind'. It is related to words signifying propitiation or appeasement.
G0565
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ap-EEL-then
Translations: he went away, he departed, he left
Notes: This is a compound verb meaning 'to go away' or 'to depart'. It is formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It describes an action of moving from one place to another, specifically moving away from a point of reference. It is often used to indicate a final departure or a permanent leaving.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ
G5217
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: hoo-pa-GOO-sah
Translations: going away, departing, a going away, a departing
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'going away' or 'departing'. It describes an action that is currently happening or ongoing. It can function adjectivally, describing someone who is in the process of leaving, or substantively, referring to 'the one who is going away' or 'the act of going away'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine, Present Active Participle
Synonyms: ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ὑπάγω (hupágō), from ὑπό (hupó, “under, by”) + ἄγω (ágō, “to lead, to bring”).
G0407
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: an-DREE-zoo
Translations: be strong, act like a man, show courage, be brave
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to act like a man, to be courageous, or to show strength. It is often used as an imperative, commanding someone to be brave or to take a stand. It implies a call to fortitude and manliness in the face of challenges.
Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Imperative, Second Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΩ, ΚΡΑΤΑΙΟΩ, ΘΑΡΡΕΩ
Etymology: From ἀνήρ (anēr), meaning 'man', and the suffix -ίζω (-izō), which forms verbs indicating to act like or to become. Thus, it means 'to act like a man'.
G2079
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ER-ma
Translations: a support, a prop, a stay, a foundation, a reef, a rock, a shoal
Notes: This word refers to something that provides support or stability, like a prop or a foundation. It can also refer to a reef or a rock, especially one that is submerged and acts as a hazard or a base. In a figurative sense, it can denote a firm basis or something that provides stability.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΣ, ΘΕΜΕΛΙΟΣ, ΣΤΗΡΙΓΜΑ
Etymology: The word "ΕΡΜΑ" is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the verb ἐρείδω (ereidō), meaning "to prop, to lean upon."
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