2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G3641

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: oh-LEE-gass

Translations: few, a few, little

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'few' or 'little'. It is used to describe a small quantity or number of something. For example, it can be used to say 'a few days' or 'a little time'. It modifies nouns and agrees with them in gender, number, and case.

Inflection: Accusative, Feminine, Plural

Synonyms: ΒΡΑΧΥΣ, ΜΙΚΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ὀλίγος (oligos) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'little' or 'small'. It is related to other words in various Indo-European languages that convey the idea of scarcity or smallness.

G2064

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EEL-thoh-men

Translations: we came, we went, we arrived

Notes: This word means 'we came' or 'we went'. It is a past tense form of the verb 'to come' or 'to go', indicating an action that was completed in the past. It is used to describe the arrival or departure of a group of people (specifically, 'we').

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 1st Person Plural

Synonyms: ΗΚΟΜΕΝ, ΕΒΗΜΕΝ

Etymology: The verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to move' or 'to go'. It is a very common verb in Koine Greek, used to describe movement from one place to another.

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G4166

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: poy-MAYN

Translations: shepherd, a shepherd, pastor, a pastor

Notes: This word refers to a person who tends, feeds, or guards flocks of sheep, goats, or other livestock. Figuratively, it can also refer to a leader or guide, especially in a spiritual sense, like a pastor or overseer of a congregation. It is used to describe someone who cares for and protects others.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΙΠΟΙΜΗΝ, ΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΣ

Etymology: From an assumed primary verb ποιμάω (poimaō), meaning 'to shepherd'. It is related to the concept of feeding and tending.

G1519, G1520

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one

Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'

Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G3936

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-es-TAH-thayn

Translations: I stood by, I was presented, I was brought before, I was made to stand, I was placed beside

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'. In the passive voice, it means 'to be made to stand beside', 'to be presented', or 'to be brought before' someone or something. It describes an action where one is positioned or caused to be present in a particular place or before a person.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Indicative, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΩ

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G4024

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-ZOH-sahee

Translations: gird yourself, put on, clothe yourself, arm yourself

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and the verb ζώννυμι (zōnnumi), meaning 'to gird' or 'to belt'. It means to gird oneself, to put on a belt or garment, or metaphorically, to prepare oneself for action or to arm oneself. It is often used in the middle voice, indicating that the action is performed by the subject upon themselves.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Imperative, Second Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΖΩΝΝΥΜΙ, ΕΝΔΥΩ, ΑΝΑΖΩΝΝΥΜΙ

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: oh-moh-LIH-non

Translations: shoulder-linen, a shoulder-linen, linen garment, a linen garment

Notes: This word is a compound word, likely formed from 'ώμος' (shoulder) and 'λίνον' (flax, linen). It refers to a garment or cloth made of linen that is worn over the shoulder, or perhaps a linen garment in general. It can be used as a noun referring to such a garment, or as an adjective describing something as 'made of shoulder-linen' or 'linen (worn on the shoulder)'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Etymology: This word is a compound of two Greek words: ὦμος (ōmos), meaning 'shoulder', and λίνον (linon), meaning 'flax' or 'linen'.

G4024

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-eh-ZOH-sah-meen

Translations: I girded myself, I put on, I dressed myself

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from 'περί' (around) and 'ζώννυμι' (to gird). It means to gird oneself around, to put on a garment, or to dress oneself. It implies an action of wrapping or securing something, often clothing, around one's body. It is used in contexts where someone prepares themselves by putting on attire, often a belt or a tunic.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Indicative Mood, 1st Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΖΩΝΝΥΜΙ, ΕΝΔΥΩ, ΑΜΦΙΕΝΝΥΜΙ

G1096

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-GO-nos

Translations: that which has happened, that which has come into being, a thing that has occurred, an event, a fact, a deed

Notes: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΣ is the perfect active participle, neuter singular, nominative or accusative case, of the verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai), meaning 'to become' or 'to happen'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or noun, describing something that has already come into existence or occurred. It can refer to an event, a fact, or a deed that has taken place.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΓΜΑ, ΕΡΓΟΝ, ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ

G2513

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ka-tha-RON

Translations: clean, pure, innocent, a clean thing, a pure thing

Notes: This word describes something that is free from dirt, defilement, or moral impurity. It can refer to physical cleanliness, ritual purity, or moral blamelessness. It is often used to describe things that are unmixed or unadulterated. In a sentence, it would modify a noun, indicating its state of purity or cleanliness.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΓΝΟΣ, ΑΜΙΑΝΤΟΣ, ΑΜΩΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΘΑΡΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the verb καθαίρω (kathairō), meaning 'to cleanse' or 'to purify'.

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G4024

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: peh-ree-eh-ZOH-smeh-non

Translations: girded, girded about, clothed, dressed, wearing

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been girded' or 'girded about'. It describes someone or something that has been equipped or dressed with a belt or girdle, often implying readiness for action or service. It is a compound word formed from 'περί' (around) and 'ζώννυμι' (to gird).

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Perfect, Passive, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΕΔΥΜΕΝΟΝ, ΖΩΝΝΥΜΙ

G5607

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ON-tah

Translations: being, existing, things that are, beings, real things

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It describes something that is or exists. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, indicating a state of being or existence. It can refer to 'those who are' or 'things that are', depending on the context and gender.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter Plural; or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural

Synonyms: ὙΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΑ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΑ

Etymology: The word εἰμί (eimi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es- meaning 'to be'. It is a fundamental verb in many Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral

Sounds like: AI

Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11

Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)

Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.

G4464

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: RAHB-doy

Translations: rods, staves, sticks, scepters

Notes: This word refers to a rod, staff, or stick. It can be used for various purposes, such as a walking stick, a tool for discipline or punishment, or as a symbol of authority, like a scepter. In the provided examples, it appears in the plural form, referring to multiple rods or staves.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΞΥΛΑ, ΒΑΚΤΗΡΙΑ

Etymology: The word ῥάβδος (rhabdos) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It refers generally to a stick or rod.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G5001

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TAHG-mah

Translations: arrangement, order, a division, a company, a body, a rank

Notes: This word refers to something arranged in order, a fixed succession, or a division. It can denote a military division or a company of people, implying a structured group or a specific rank within a hierarchy.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΤΑΞΙΣ, ΣΥΝΤΑΓΜΑ, ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΜΑ

Etymology: From the Greek verb τάσσω (tassō), meaning 'to arrange, to put in order'. It refers to the result of such an arrangement.

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G1325

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DOH-keh

Translations: he gave, she gave, it gave, he granted, she granted, it granted, he put, she put, it put

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to give', 'to grant', or 'to put'. It is used to describe an action of bestowing something or placing something. This specific form indicates that the action of giving or granting happened in the past and was completed.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word δίδωμι (didōmi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *deh₃- meaning 'to give'. It is a reduplicated present form, common in ancient Greek verbs.

G2476

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ES-tay-san

Translations: they stood, they stood still, they set, they appointed, they established

Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb 'histēmi'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, completed at a specific point. It can mean 'they stood' or 'they stood still', indicating a state of being or a cessation of movement. It can also mean 'they set' or 'they appointed', referring to the act of placing something or establishing a rule or person in a position.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G4413

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PRO-toy

Translations: first, foremost, chief, the first, the foremost, the chief, (to) the first, (to) the foremost, (to) the chief

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'first' in order, time, or importance. It can refer to the initial position, the earliest occurrence, or the highest rank. When used substantively, it refers to 'the first ones' or 'the chief ones'. It is often used to describe leaders or those who hold a prominent position.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Dative

Synonyms: ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ, ΠΡΩΤΕΥΣ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G3584

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: xee-RAS

Translations: dry, of dry, of dry land, of dry ground, of the dry place, of the wilderness

Notes: This word primarily means 'dry' and can be used as an adjective to describe something that is not wet. When used as a noun, it refers to 'dry land' or 'dry ground', often in contrast to water. It can also refer to a 'wilderness' or 'desert' area. In the provided context, it is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, such as 'of the dry land'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΡΗΜΟΣ, ΑΝΥΔΡΟΣ

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ess-KHAY-koh-tess

Translations: having, possessing, holding, those who have, those who had

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that has or possesses something, or has attained a certain state. In this form, it refers to 'those who have' or 'those who had' something, indicating a completed action with ongoing results.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΙ, ΛΑΒΟΝΤΕΣ

G2147

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: yoo-re-THAY-san

Translations: they were found, they were discovered

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'they were found' or 'they were discovered'. It is the aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'to find'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, where the subjects of the verb were the recipients of the action of being found.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΥΡΕΘΗΣΑΝ, ΚΑΤΑΛΗΦΘΗΣΑΝ

Etymology: The word ΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ (heuriskō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *werh₁- ('to find, to discover'). It is related to Latin invenire ('to find').

G2875

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: keh-KOM-meh-nai

Translations: cut off, cut down, hewn, chopped, those cut off, those cut down

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle derived from the verb 'κόπτω' (koptō), meaning 'to cut' or 'to strike'. As a perfect passive participle, it describes something that has been completely cut or chopped. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun to indicate that the noun has undergone the action of being cut or severed.

Inflection: Perfect Passive Participle, Nominative, Feminine, Plural

Synonyms: ΤΕΤΜΗΜΕΝΑΙ, ΑΠΟΚΕΚΟΜΜΕΝΑΙ

Etymology: The verb κόπτω (koptō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to an onomatopoeic root representing the sound of striking.

G2476

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: stah-THEE-nai

Translations: to stand, to be established, to be set, to be appointed, to be placed, to be made to stand

Notes: This word is an aorist passive infinitive form of the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often translated with 'to' + verb. In the passive voice, it means 'to be stood' or 'to be established/set/appointed'. It can be used in contexts where something is set in place, established, or appointed to a position.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΕΣΘΑΙ, ΚΑΘΙΣΤΑΣΘΑΙ

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: EKH-on-tes

Translations: having, holding, possessing, those who have, while having

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of having, holding, or possessing something. It functions like an adjective or adverb, providing additional information about the subject of a sentence, often translated as 'having' or 'those who have'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΝΤΕΣ

G5515

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: KHLO-ras

Translations: green, fresh, pale green, verdant

Notes: This word describes something as being green, fresh, or verdant, like new growth or vegetation. It can also refer to a pale green or yellowish-green color, sometimes associated with paleness in complexion. It is used to describe the state or color of a noun.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΣΙΝΟΣ, ΝΕΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΧΛΩΡΟΣ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'yellow, green'. It is related to words in other languages referring to colors like yellow, green, or pale.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: SAY-tos

Translations: rotten, decayed, worm-eaten, a rotten, a decayed, a worm-eaten

Notes: This word describes something that is rotten, decayed, or worm-eaten. It is used to describe things that are in a state of decomposition or ruin, often implying something that is worthless or repulsive due to its decay. It can be used to describe objects, food, or even metaphorical states of decay.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΑΠΡΟΣ, ΔΙΑΦΘΑΡΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is related to the concept of decay and putrefaction.

G1929

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ee-deh-DOH-koh-tas

Translations: having given, having delivered, having handed over, having yielded, having surrendered

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning "having given" or "having delivered." It describes an action that has been completed in the past and has ongoing results. It is often used to describe someone who has handed something over or yielded something. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can also be used substantively (as a noun).

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΠΑΡΑΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G3634

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Relative Adjective

Sounds like: OY-oos

Translations: such as, of what sort, of what kind, what kind of, what sort of

Notes: ΟΙΟΥΣ is a relative pronoun or adjective used to introduce a clause that describes the quality or nature of something previously mentioned. It means 'such as' or 'of what sort'. It functions similarly to 'who' or 'which' but specifically refers to the kind or quality. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He saw people such as these' or 'He described things of what sort they were'.

Inflection: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΟΙΟΣ, ΟΠΟΙΟΣ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EE-khon

Translations: had, were having, possessed, held

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It can be used to indicate possession, a state of being, or to describe an action that was happening over a period of time in the past. For example, 'they had' or 'they were holding'.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΤΩΜΑΙ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΑΙ

G4198

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: por-yoo-THEN-tes

Translations: having gone, going, went, departed

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle, meaning 'having gone' or 'having departed'. It describes an action that has been completed before the main verb of the sentence. It is often used to indicate the manner or circumstance of the main action, functioning similarly to an adverbial clause in English. For example, 'Having gone, they advised him' or 'They went and advised him'.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G4737

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: es-teh-fah-NOH-meh-noy

Translations: crowned, having been crowned, garlanded, having been garlanded

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been crowned' or 'garlanded'. It describes someone or something that has already received a crown or garland. It is often used to refer to victors in contests or those honored with a wreath.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΟΡΥΦΩΜΕΝΟΙ, ΕΣΤΕΜΜΕΝΟΙ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΕΦΑΝΟΩ (stephanoō) is derived from the noun ΣΤΕΦΑΝΟΣ (stephanos), meaning 'crown' or 'wreath'.

G0096

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-BROH-toos

Translations: uneaten, uneatable, not eaten, not eatable

Notes: This adjective describes something that has not been eaten or is not fit to be eaten. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'ἀ-' (a-) meaning 'not' and 'βρωτός' (brōtos) meaning 'eaten' or 'eatable'. It can be used to describe food or other items that remain untouched or are considered inedible.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΒΡΩΤΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, 'not') + βρωτός (brōtos, 'eaten, eatable'), from βιβρώσκω (bibrōskō, 'to eat').

G3634

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: OY-ay

Translations: such as, what sort of, of what kind

Notes: This word is an adjective used to describe the quality or kind of something, often in a comparative sense. It can be translated as 'such as' or 'of what kind'. It is typically used to introduce a clause that specifies the nature or character of a preceding noun.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative or Vocative, Plural

Synonyms: ΤΟΙΟΥΤΟΣ, ΟΣΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΙΟΣ (hoios) comes from Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and relative pronouns, indicating quality or kind.

G2255, G3584

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: hee-mee-XEH-roy

Translations: half-dry, partially dry, somewhat dry

Notes: This is a compound adjective meaning 'half-dry' or 'partially dry'. It describes something that is not completely dry but has lost some of its moisture. It can be used to describe plants, wood, or other materials that are in a state between fresh and fully dried. For example, one might refer to 'half-dry branches' or 'partially dried fruit'.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine or Feminine, Nominative or Vocative; or Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word is a compound of 'ΗΜΙ' (hēmi), meaning 'half', and 'ΞΗΡΟΣ' (xēros), meaning 'dry'. 'ΗΜΙ' comes from Proto-Indo-European, and 'ΞΗΡΟΣ' also has Proto-Indo-European roots.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ekh-OO-sai

Translations: having, holding, possessing

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal characteristics, describing someone or something that is in the act of having or holding. In this form, it refers to multiple feminine subjects who are having or holding something.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Feminine, Nominative or Vocative, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΑΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΟΥΣΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἔχω (echō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- 'to hold, to have'. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, with cognates in other Indo-European languages.

G1538

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-KAS-ton

Translations: each, every, each one, every one, each thing, every thing

Notes: This word means 'each' or 'every', referring to individual items or persons within a group. It is used to emphasize the distinctness of each member. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a pronoun standing in for 'each one' or 'each thing'.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΚΑΣΤΟΣ, ΠΑΣ

Etymology: The word comes from an intensive form of the demonstrative pronoun 'he' or 'that', emphasizing individuality.

G3303

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.