2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G4166

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: poy-MEH-nah

Translations: shepherd, a shepherd, pastor, a pastor

Notes: This word refers to a shepherd, someone who tends and cares for sheep. It can also be used metaphorically to describe a leader, a guide, or a spiritual pastor who cares for a flock of people. In its literal sense, it describes a person whose occupation is to look after sheep. In a figurative sense, it describes someone who provides guidance and protection, much like a shepherd protects their flock.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΚΟΛΟΣ, ΑΙΠΟΛΟΣ

G2036

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EYE-pon

Translations: I said, I spoke, he said, he spoke, they said, they spoke, to say, to speak

Notes: ΕἸΠΟΝ is an aorist form of the verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is often used as the aorist tense of the verb λέγω (legō). It describes an action that occurred in the past, without specifying its duration or completion. It can be translated as 'I said', 'he said', or 'they said' depending on the context and the implied subject, as the form itself is ambiguous regarding person and number (it can be 1st singular, 3rd singular, or 3rd plural). It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ

G4771

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: SOY

Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you

Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G1186

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DEN-dron

Translations: tree, a tree

Notes: This word refers to a tree, a large woody plant with a trunk and branches. It is commonly used in the New Testament and other Koine Greek texts to describe literal trees, but can also be used metaphorically, for example, to represent a person or a lineage. It is a neuter noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΞΥΛΟΝ, ΦΥΤΟΝ

Etymology: The word "δένδρον" (dendron) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *drew- or *deru-, meaning "tree" or "wood." It is related to words for tree in many other Indo-European languages.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G0991

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: BLEH-poh

Translations: see, look, perceive, behold, beware, consider, discern, take heed

Notes: This verb means to see, look, or perceive, often with an emphasis on the act of looking or the mental perception of something. It can be used to describe physical sight, but also to understand, discern, or pay attention to something. It is frequently used in the imperative to mean 'beware' or 'take heed'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular. As a verb, it inflects for person, number, tense, mood, and voice.

Synonyms: ΟΡΑΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΕΙΔΩ

Etymology: From an unstated root, possibly related to the idea of 'to look' or 'to see'. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of usage.

G5346

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: FEE-mee

Translations: say, speak, declare, affirm, assert

Notes: This verb means 'to say,' 'to speak,' or 'to declare.' It is often used to introduce direct speech or to affirm a statement. It can be used in various tenses and moods to express an action of speaking or stating something.

Inflection: Present Active Indicative, 1st Person Singular; or Present Active Infinitive

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΕΡΩ

Etymology: From a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to speak, tell, say.' It is related to Latin 'fari' (to speak) and English 'fame'.

G2443

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EE-nah

Translations: in order that, that, so that, to

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.

G1492

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-DEHS

Translations: you may see, you might see, you may know, you might know, you may perceive, you might perceive

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to see' or 'to know'. It is used to express a potential or hypothetical action of seeing or perceiving. It often implies a condition or a future possibility, such as 'if you see' or 'that you may see'. It is a common verb used in various contexts to describe visual perception or understanding.

Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΒΛΈΠΗΣ, ὉΡΆΗΣ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G4181

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: po-ly-EFS-plangkh-nee-an

Translations: much compassion, great mercy, a great compassion, a great mercy

Notes: This word refers to the quality of having great compassion or mercy. It is a compound word formed from 'πολύς' (much, many), 'εὖ' (well, good), and 'σπλάγχνα' (inward parts, affections, compassion). It describes a profound and abundant feeling of pity or tenderness towards others, often leading to acts of kindness or forgiveness. It is used to emphasize the depth and extent of someone's compassionate nature.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΛΕΟΣ, ΟΙΚΤΙΡΜΟΣ

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G2962

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOO-ree-OO

Translations: of Lord, of the Lord, of God, of the Master

Notes: This word refers to a lord, master, or owner. In religious contexts, particularly in the Septuagint and New Testament, it is frequently used to refer to God or Jesus Christ, often as a title of reverence and authority. It can be used in sentences like 'the house of the Lord' or 'the word of the Lord'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΘΕΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (kyrios) derives from the root κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'power, authority'. It originally referred to someone who possessed authority or control, such as a master or owner, and later evolved to be used as a title for deities or rulers.

G1741

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: en-DOX-os

Translations: glorious, honorable, a glorious, an honorable, splendid, notable

Notes: This word describes something or someone as glorious, honorable, or splendid. It is used to express high esteem, renown, or magnificence. It can refer to a person, an event, or a quality, indicating that it is worthy of praise or admiration.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΥΚΛΕΗΣ, ΕΝΤΙΜΟΣ, ΛΑΜΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐν (en, "in") and δόξα (dóxa, "glory"). It literally means "in glory" or "full of glory."

G1325

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DOH-keh

Translations: he gave, she gave, it gave, he granted, she granted, it granted, he put, she put, it put

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to give', 'to grant', or 'to put'. It is used to describe an action of bestowing something or placing something. This specific form indicates that the action of giving or granting happened in the past and was completed.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word δίδωμι (didōmi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *deh₃- meaning 'to give'. It is a reduplicated present form, common in ancient Greek verbs.

G4151

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PNEV-mah

Translations: spirit, a spirit, wind, a wind, breath, a breath

Notes: This word refers to 'spirit,' 'wind,' or 'breath.' In a physical sense, it can mean a gust of wind or the act of breathing. Theologically, it often refers to the Holy Spirit, a spiritual being, or the human spirit. It is a neuter noun and its meaning can vary depending on the context, from a literal breeze to a divine essence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΜΟΣ, ΠΝΟΗ

Etymology: The word ΠΝΕΥΜΑ derives from the verb πνέω (pneō), meaning 'to breathe,' 'to blow,' or 'to gasp.' It refers to something that is breathed or blown.

G3341

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: meh-tah-NOY-ahs

Translations: of repentance, of a change of mind, of a change of heart

Notes: This word refers to a change of mind, a turning around, or repentance. It signifies a fundamental shift in one's thinking, attitude, or direction, often implying a moral or spiritual transformation. It is frequently used in contexts of turning away from sin and towards God. It is a compound word formed from 'μετά' (meta), meaning 'after' or 'with', and 'νοέω' (noeo), meaning 'to perceive' or 'to think'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΟΦΗ, ΜΕΤΑΜΕΛΕΙΑ

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ge-NEH-sthai

Translations: to become, to be, to happen, to come to pass, to arise, to be made, to be born

Notes: This word is the aorist middle infinitive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It signifies the action of coming into being, happening, or being made. It can also mean to be born or to arise. As an infinitive, it often functions like 'to become' or 'to happen' in English, frequently used after verbs that express desire, ability, or necessity.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ

G1398

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: doo-LEH-oo-een

Translations: to serve, to be a slave, to obey, to be subject

Notes: This word means to serve, especially in the sense of being a slave or bondservant. It implies a state of subjection or obedience to a master or a cause. It can be used to describe serving God, serving a person, or even being enslaved to sin or a principle. It is often used in the context of a master-slave relationship, but can also refer to general service or devotion.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΥΠΗΡΕΤΕΩ, ΛΑΤΡΕΥΩ, ΔΙΑΚΟΝΕΩ

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G2588

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kar-DEE-as

Translations: of heart, of a heart, of mind, of soul, of inner self, of conscience, of courage, of will

Notes: This word refers to the physical heart, but more commonly in Koine Greek, it signifies the center of one's being, including thoughts, emotions, will, and conscience. It is often used to denote the inner person, the seat of spiritual and moral life. For example, it can refer to the core of one's beliefs or the source of one's intentions.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΨΥΧΗ, ΝΟΥΣ, ΠΝΕΥΜΑ

G5124

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toys

Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ

G3341

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: meh-TAH-noy-ahn

Translations: repentance, a repentance, change of mind, a change of mind

Notes: This word refers to a change of mind, a turning around, or a transformation of one's inner disposition, often implying a turning away from sin. It signifies a fundamental shift in one's thinking and behavior, leading to a new direction in life.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΟΦΗ, ΜΕΤΑΜΕΛΕΙΑ

Etymology: From the Greek words μετά (meta), meaning 'after' or 'change,' and νοέω (noeō), meaning 'to perceive' or 'to think.' It literally means 'a change of mind' or 'a change of perception.'

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G1388

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: doh-lee-OH-tay-tah

Translations: deceit, a deceit, guile, treachery, fraud, craftiness

Notes: This word refers to the quality or state of being deceitful or crafty. It describes a disposition or action characterized by trickery, cunning, or treachery, often with the intent to mislead or harm. It can be used to describe a person's character or specific acts of deception.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΑΤΗ, ΠΑΝΟΥΡΓΙΑ, ΔΟΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΔΟΛΙΟΤΗΣ (doliotēs) is derived from the adjective ΔΟΛΙΟΣ (dolios), meaning 'deceitful' or 'crafty', which in turn comes from the noun ΔΟΛΟΣ (dolos), meaning 'bait', 'trick', or 'deceit'.

G3195

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: MEL-lon-TON

Translations: (of) those about to, (of) future (things/people), (of) those going to, (of) those intending to

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'μέλλω' (mellō), which means 'to be about to', 'to intend to', or 'to be destined to'. As a participle, it describes someone or something that is on the verge of doing something or that pertains to the future. It often indicates an imminent action or a future state.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΩΝ, ΜΕΛΛΟΝΤΕΣ, ΜΕΛΛΟΥΣΩΝ

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G5272

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hoo-po-KREE-see

Translations: to hypocrisy, in hypocrisy, by hypocrisy, hypocrisy, a hypocrisy

Notes: This word refers to the act of pretending or feigning, often with the intent to deceive. It originally comes from the context of acting or playing a role on stage, hence the idea of putting on a false appearance. In a religious or moral context, it describes a discrepancy between one's outward actions or words and one's true inner beliefs or character.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΛΗΜΨΙΑ, ΔΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΤΗ

Etymology: The word ΥΠΟΚΡΙΣΙΣ (hypokrisis) comes from the verb ὑποκρίνομαι (hypokrinomai), meaning 'to answer,' 'to interpret,' and later 'to play a part' or 'to pretend.' It is a compound word formed from the preposition ὑπό (hypo), meaning 'under,' and the verb κρίνω (krino), meaning 'to judge' or 'to decide.'

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-tah-no-EIN

Translations: to repent, to change one's mind, to feel remorse, to turn from sin

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'μετά' (meta), meaning 'with' or 'after', and 'νοέω' (noeo), meaning 'to perceive' or 'to think'. Together, it signifies a change of mind or purpose, often implying a turning away from past actions or beliefs, particularly from sin. It is commonly used in a religious context to describe a spiritual transformation or a turning back to God.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΜΕΤΑΜΕΛΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΜΕΤΑ (meta), meaning 'with' or 'after', and the verb ΝΟΕΩ (noeo), meaning 'to perceive, to think, to understand'. The combination suggests a change in one's way of thinking or understanding.

G1565

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAY-noys

Translations: to those, for those, with those, by those, those

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'those' or 'that one' (when singular). In this inflected form, it is plural and in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action or a relationship of benefit or detriment. It can be translated as 'to those,' 'for those,' or 'with those,' depending on the context. It can refer to people or things previously mentioned or understood from the context.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓͂ΤΟΙ, ΑΥ̓ΤΟΙ

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G3379

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MAY-po-teh

Translations: lest, perhaps, never, at any time, by no means

Notes: ΜΗΠΟΤΕ is a compound adverb formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (mē) and the indefinite adverb ΠΟΤΕ (pote). It is used to express a negative possibility, a fear that something might happen, or a rhetorical question implying a negative answer. Depending on the context, it can be translated as 'lest,' 'perhaps,' 'never,' or 'at any time.' It often introduces a clause expressing a feared outcome or a possibility that is being denied.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΗΠΩΣ, ΜΗ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the negative particle ΜΗ (mē), meaning 'not,' and the indefinite adverb ΠΟΤΕ (pote), meaning 'at some time' or 'ever.'

G3686

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: O-no-MA

Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority

Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or even authority, as a name often represents the person or entity itself. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive; Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥. It is cognate with Latin nōmen and English name.

G3004

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: LEH-goh

Translations: say, speak, tell, call, mean

Notes: This is a very common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to introduce direct or indirect speech, to give commands, or to express an opinion. It can also mean 'to call' or 'to name' someone or something, or 'to mean' something.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΕΡΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *leg- meaning 'to collect, gather'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to pick out words', hence 'to speak' or 'to say'.

G1213

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: day-LOH-son

Translations: make clear, show, declare, reveal, explain, make known

Notes: This word means to make something clear, evident, or known. It is often used in the sense of revealing information, explaining a concept, or demonstrating something. As an imperative, it functions as a command or instruction to perform this action, such as 'make it clear!' or 'show!'

Inflection: Aorist, Imperative, Active, Second Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΟΩ, ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΠΤΩ, ΓΝΩΡΙΖΩ

Etymology: From δῆλος (dēlos), meaning 'clear, evident, visible'. The verb form means to make something clear or manifest.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G1929

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ee-deh-DOH-koh-tas

Translations: having given, having delivered, having handed over, having yielded, having surrendered

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning "having given" or "having delivered." It describes an action that has been completed in the past and has ongoing results. It is often used to describe someone who has handed something over or yielded something. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can also be used substantively (as a noun).

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΠΑΡΑΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ

G4217

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: po-TAH-poss

Translations: what sort of, what kind of, what manner of

Notes: This adjective is used to inquire about the nature, quality, or character of something or someone. It functions as an interrogative adjective, often translated as 'what sort of' or 'what kind of', and can be used in direct or indirect questions.

Inflection: Nominative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΙΟΣ, ΠΗΛΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: This word is likely a compound of an interrogative stem (related to 'ποῦ' meaning 'where') and a suffix indicating origin or nature. It is used to ask about the origin or nature of something.

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G2733

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-toy-KEE-ahn

Translations: dwelling, a dwelling, habitation, a habitation, house, a house

Notes: This word refers to a place of residence, a dwelling, or a habitation. It is used to describe a physical structure where someone lives, such as a house, or more broadly, a place where one resides. It can be used in both literal and figurative senses.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΟΣ, ΤΟΠΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb κατοικέω (katoikeō), meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit', which is itself from κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'according to', and οἰκέω (oikeō), meaning 'to dwell' or 'to live'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G4100

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pis-TEV-san-tes

Translations: having believed, having trusted, having put faith in

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to believe' or 'to trust'. It describes an action that has already occurred, indicating that the subject has performed the act of believing or trusting. It often functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, or as an adverb, describing how an action was performed.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΟΤΕΣ, ΕΛΠΙΣΑΝΤΕΣ

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-LAY-foh-tes

Translations: having received, having taken, having obtained, having gotten

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning 'having received' or 'having taken'. It describes someone who has completed the action of receiving or taking something, and the result of that action is still relevant. It functions adjectivally, modifying a noun or pronoun, or can be used substantively (as a noun) to refer to 'those who have received'.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΕΔΕΓΜΕΝΟΙ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΙ

G4973

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: sfra-GHEE-da

Translations: seal, a seal, signet, a signet, mark, a mark

Notes: This word refers to a seal or signet, often used to authenticate documents, mark ownership, or secure something. It could be an impression made by a signet ring or a device used to make such an impression. In a broader sense, it can signify a mark or a token of authenticity or possession.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΗΜΕΙΟΝ, ΤΥΠΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΦΡΑΓΙΣ (sphragis) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek or from an unknown root.

G2343

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: teth-LAH-koh-tes

Translations: having crushed, having broken, having bruised, those who have crushed, those who have broken, those who have bruised

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning 'having crushed' or 'having broken'. It describes someone or something that has completed the action of crushing or breaking. It is often used to refer to 'those who have crushed' or 'the ones who have broken' something.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine, Perfect Active Participle

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΡΙΒΟΝΤΕΣ, ΚΑΤΑΓΝΥΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The verb θλάω (thlaō) comes from an ancient root meaning 'to press' or 'to crush'.

G5198

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: yoo-GEE-ay

Translations: healthy, sound, whole, well

Notes: This word describes something or someone as being in a state of good health, soundness, or wholeness. It can refer to physical health, but also to something being complete or unimpaired. It is used to qualify nouns, indicating their healthy or sound condition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine; or Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΚΕΡΑΙΟΣ, ΑΣΙΝΗΣ, ΑΡΤΙΟΣ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂yug- meaning 'to join, unite, be healthy'. It is related to words meaning 'life' or 'vigor'.

G1921

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ep-ig-NOH-n-tes

Translations: knowing, having known, recognizing, understanding, perceiving, becoming acquainted with, learning

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'epiginōskō', meaning to know fully, recognize, or understand. It implies a deeper, more complete knowledge than simple 'knowing'. It is often used to describe coming to a full realization or accurate understanding of something or someone. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject, such as 'those who know' or 'by knowing'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΟΙΔΑ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-tah-noh-EH-soh-see

Translations: they may repent, they might repent, they should repent

Notes: This word is likely a misspelling or a variant of 'μετανοήσωσι' (metanoēsōsi), which is the third person plural aorist active subjunctive form of the verb 'μετανοέω' (metanoeō). It means 'to change one's mind' or 'to repent'. It is used to express a potential or desired action of repentance, often in a context of exhortation or consequence.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΜΕΤΑΜΕΛΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek μετά (metá, “with, after”) + νοέω (noéō, “to perceive, to think”). The combination signifies a change of mind or purpose.

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: lah-BON-tes

Translations: taking, having taken, receiving, having received, seizing, having seized

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or is completed. It often conveys the sense of 'having taken' or 'having received' and can be used to introduce a subordinate clause, indicating the circumstances or cause of the main action. For example, 'having taken the letter, they did not hurry'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G1392

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dox-AH-soh-see

Translations: they will glorify, they may glorify, they will praise, they may praise, they will honor, they may honor

Notes: This word means to glorify, praise, or honor. It is used to describe the act of giving glory or recognition to someone or something, often God. It can be used in contexts where people acknowledge the greatness or worth of another, or where they express admiration and worship. It is a compound word, derived from the noun ΔΟΞΑ (doxa), meaning 'glory' or 'opinion'.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Future Active Indicative or Aorist Active Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΑΙΝΕΩ, ΥΜΝΕΩ, ΤΙΜΑΩ

Etymology: The word ΔΟΞΑΖΩ is derived from the Koine Greek noun ΔΟΞΑ (doxa), meaning 'glory', 'splendor', 'honor', or 'opinion'. The verb form means to attribute glory or honor.

G4697

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ess-plang-KHNI-sthay

Translations: had compassion, felt pity, was moved with compassion, was moved with pity

Notes: This word describes a deep, visceral feeling of pity or compassion, often originating from the 'inward parts' or bowels, which were considered the seat of emotions. It signifies a strong emotional response to the suffering or needs of others, leading to an urge to help. It is frequently used in the New Testament to describe Jesus's compassion.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΤΕΙΡΩ, ΕΛΕΕΩ

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

G5346

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: PHAY-sin

Translations: he says, she says, it says, he said, she said, it said

Notes: This word is a common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone else has said or to introduce a direct quote. It can be translated as 'he says', 'she says', or 'it says', and often implies 'he/she/it said' in narrative contexts.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΡΩ

Etymology: The word ΦΗΜΙ (phēmi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to speak' or 'to show'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of speaking or declaring.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral

Sounds like: AI

Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11

Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)

Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.

G4464

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: RAHB-doy

Translations: rods, staves, sticks, scepters

Notes: This word refers to a rod, staff, or stick. It can be used for various purposes, such as a walking stick, a tool for discipline or punishment, or as a symbol of authority, like a scepter. In the provided examples, it appears in the plural form, referring to multiple rods or staves.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΞΥΛΑ, ΒΑΚΤΗΡΙΑ

Etymology: The word ῥάβδος (rhabdos) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It refers generally to a stick or rod.

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: SAY-tos

Translations: rotten, decayed, worm-eaten, a rotten, a decayed, a worm-eaten

Notes: This word describes something that is rotten, decayed, or worm-eaten. It is used to describe things that are in a state of decomposition or ruin, often implying something that is worthless or repulsive due to its decay. It can be used to describe objects, food, or even metaphorical states of decay.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΑΠΡΟΣ, ΔΙΑΦΘΑΡΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is related to the concept of decay and putrefaction.

G2147

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: yoo-re-THAY-san

Translations: they were found, they were discovered

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'they were found' or 'they were discovered'. It is the aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'to find'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, where the subjects of the verb were the recipients of the action of being found.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΥΡΕΘΗΣΑΝ, ΚΑΤΑΛΗΦΘΗΣΑΝ

Etymology: The word ΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ (heuriskō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *werh₁- ('to find, to discover'). It is related to Latin invenire ('to find').

G0647

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-pos-TAH-tai

Translations: apostates, rebels, a rebel, a renegade

Notes: This word refers to individuals who have abandoned their faith, principles, or allegiance. It describes someone who has defected or revolted, often implying a betrayal of trust or a departure from an established order. It is used to describe those who are disloyal or rebellious.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΝΤΑΡΤΗΣ, ΑΠΕΙΘΗΣ

Etymology: The word comes from the Greek verb ἀφίστημι (aphistēmi), meaning 'to stand off from, to withdraw, to revolt'. It is a compound of ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from, away from', and ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G1577

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ek-klee-SEE-as

Translations: of church, of assembly, of congregation

Notes: This word refers to a gathering or assembly of people, often with a religious or political purpose. In the New Testament, it commonly refers to the Christian church or a local congregation of believers. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐκ' (out of) and 'καλέω' (to call), meaning 'a calling out' or 'an assembly of those called out'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩΓΗ, ΟΜΙΛΙΑ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἘΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ is derived from the Greek preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb καλέω (kaleō), meaning 'to call'. It originally referred to an assembly of citizens called out from their homes for public business.

G0987

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: blas-fay-MEE-san-tes

Translations: having blasphemed, having slandered, having reviled, having spoken evil of

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having blasphemed' or 'having slandered'. It describes an action completed in the past by the subject. It is used to indicate someone who has spoken impiously or abusively against God or sacred things, or who has defamed or reviled another person.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΛΟΓΕΩ, ΛΟΙΔΟΡΕΩ

G1519

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G5056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TEH-los

Translations: end, a goal, a purpose, an outcome, a completion, a tax, a custom, a duty

Notes: This word refers to an end, a goal, a purpose, or the completion of something. It can also refer to a tax or custom duty. It is often used to denote the conclusion of an event or process, or the ultimate aim or objective. In some contexts, it refers to the payment of tribute or taxes.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΑΣ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΙΑ, ΤΕΛΕΥΤΗ

Etymology: The word ΤΕΛΟΣ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to turn, to accomplish, to fulfill'. It is related to words signifying completion, fulfillment, and the end of a process.

G3761

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: oo-DEH

Translations: not even, neither, nor, and not

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the conjunction 'δέ' (but, and). It is used to emphasize a negation, meaning 'not even' or 'neither/nor'. It can connect clauses or phrases, indicating that something is also not true or not happening. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He did not go, nor did he send anyone.'

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗΔΕ, ΜΗ

Etymology: From the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the postpositive conjunction 'δέ' (but, and).

G1519, G1520

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one

Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'

Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-teh-NO-eh-seh

Translations: repented, changed one's mind, had a change of heart

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'metanoeō', meaning to repent or change one's mind. It signifies a complete change of direction, a turning away from past actions or beliefs, often implying regret and a decision to act differently. It is a compound word formed from 'meta' (change) and 'noeo' (to perceive, to think).

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΜΕΤΑΜΕΛΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The root word ΜΕΤΑΝΟΕΩ (metanoeō) is derived from the Greek preposition μετά (meta), meaning 'with' or 'after' (implying change), and the verb νοέω (noeō), meaning 'to perceive, to think, to understand'. Thus, it literally means 'to change one's mind' or 'to change one's perception'.

G2539

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: KAI-per

Translations: although, though, even though, even if, notwithstanding

Notes: This word is a compound particle used to introduce a concessive clause, meaning 'although' or 'even though'. It indicates that something is true despite a contrary condition or circumstance. It often appears with a participle, expressing a concession.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ ΚΑΙ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: ΚΑΙΠΕΡ is a compound word formed from the conjunction ΚΑΙ (kai), meaning 'and' or 'even', and the particle ΠΕΡ (per), which is an intensive particle. Together, they form a strong concessive meaning.

Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix

Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)

Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-

Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).

Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.

Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.

G0846

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G1781

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-teh-LAH-mayn

Translations: I commanded, I instructed, I charged, I ordered

Notes: This word means to command, instruct, or give an order. It is used to express the act of issuing a directive or a charge to someone. It implies a formal or authoritative instruction.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Indicative, 1st Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΕΛΕΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ, ΔΙΑΤΑΣΣΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΝΤΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΕΝ (en), meaning 'in' or 'on', and the verb ΤΕΛΛΩ (tellō), meaning 'to accomplish' or 'to bring to an end'. Thus, it originally conveyed the idea of 'to put an end to something' or 'to complete something', evolving into the sense of giving a command to ensure something is done.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G2222

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DZOH-ay

Translations: life, a life

Notes: This word refers to life in its broadest sense, encompassing both physical and spiritual existence. It can denote the principle of life, the period of life, or the way of life. It is often used to describe the state of being alive, as well as the quality of that existence, particularly in a spiritual or eternal context.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΙΟΣ, ΨΥΧΗ

Etymology: From the verb ζάω (zaō), meaning 'to live'. It is related to the concept of vital breath and existence.

G3584

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: xee-RAS

Translations: dry, of dry, of dry land, of dry ground, of the dry place, of the wilderness

Notes: This word primarily means 'dry' and can be used as an adjective to describe something that is not wet. When used as a noun, it refers to 'dry land' or 'dry ground', often in contrast to water. It can also refer to a 'wilderness' or 'desert' area. In the provided context, it is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, such as 'of the dry land'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΡΗΜΟΣ, ΑΝΥΔΡΟΣ

G1929

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-DEH-doh-koh-tes

Translations: having given over, having delivered, having surrendered, having yielded, having committed

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, masculine, nominative/vocative plural, derived from the verb 'ἐπιδίδωμι'. It describes a group of male individuals who have completed the action of giving over, delivering, surrendering, or committing something. It implies a past action with continuing results, often in the sense of yielding to something or entrusting something.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Masculine, Nominative or Vocative, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΔΙΔΩΜΙ

Etymology: The word 'ἐπιδίδωμι' is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb 'δίδωμι' (didomi), meaning 'to give'. Thus, it literally means 'to give upon' or 'to give to', evolving into meanings like 'to deliver', 'to surrender', or 'to commit'.

G1451

Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective, Preposition

Sounds like: eng-GYS

Translations: near, close, at hand, nigh

Notes: This word indicates proximity, either in terms of physical distance (near, close) or temporal closeness (at hand, imminent). It is often used to describe something that is about to happen or is very close in time. It can function adverbially, modifying a verb, or adjectivally, describing a noun, and sometimes as a preposition taking the genitive case.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ, ΠΑΡΩΝ

Etymology: The etymology of ἘΓΓΥΣ is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the root for 'hand' or 'reach', suggesting something within reach.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G1533

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eis-FEH-ron-tes

Translations: bringing in, carrying in, leading into, introducing, contributing

Notes: This word describes the action of bringing something or someone into a place, or introducing something new. It can also refer to contributing or paying in. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an ongoing action.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΦΈΡΩ, ἌΓΩ, ΚΟΜΊΖΩ

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣΦΈΡΩ is a compound word formed from ΕἸΣ (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and ΦΈΡΩ (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'.

G1620

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ek-STREH-fon-tes

Translations: turning out, perverting, subverting, those who turn out, those who pervert

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'ἐκ' (out of, from) and 'στρέφω' (to turn). It means to turn out, to turn inside out, or to pervert and subvert. It describes an action of causing something to deviate from its proper course or nature, often implying a moral or intellectual corruption. It can be used to describe people who are causing such a deviation.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΔΙΑΣΤΡΕΦΩ

Etymology: The word ἐκστρέφω is a compound of the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from,' and the verb στρέφω (strephō), meaning 'to turn.' The combination implies a turning motion that leads something out of its original state or position.

G3122

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MA-lis-TA

Translations: especially, most, indeed, yes, certainly, above all

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'especially,' 'most,' or 'above all.' It is often used to emphasize a particular point or item in a list. It can also be used as a strong affirmation, meaning 'yes,' 'certainly,' or 'indeed.'

Inflection: Superlative form of ΜΑΛΑ; Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΩΣ

Etymology: From the adverb ΜΑΛΑ (mala), meaning 'very' or 'much.' ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ is its superlative form, indicating 'most' or 'very much so.'

G264

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: hay-mar-tay-KO-tas

Translations: having sinned, those who have sinned, a sinner, sinners

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle derived from the verb 'hamartanō', meaning 'to sin'. It describes someone who has committed a sin or an act of missing the mark. As a participle, it can function adjectivally, modifying a noun (e.g., 'the man having sinned'), or substantively, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'those who have sinned' or 'sinners'). The perfect tense indicates a completed action with ongoing results.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine, Perfect Active Participle

Synonyms: ΑΝΟΜΟΥΣ, ΑΣΕΒΕΙΣ

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G863

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-fee-EN-tes

Translations: sending away, letting go, forgiving, leaving, permitting, allowing, dismissing, releasing, uttering, emitting

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'aphiemi'. It generally means to send away, let go, or dismiss. Depending on the context, it can also mean to forgive sins, leave something behind, permit an action, or release someone. It can also be used to describe the act of uttering sounds or emitting something.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΛΥΩ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ἘΑΩ

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: meh-tah-neh-noh-KO-tahs

Translations: repented, having repented, those who have repented

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle derived from the verb 'μετανοέω' (metanoeō), meaning 'to repent' or 'to change one's mind'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone who has already completed the action of repenting. It signifies a past action with ongoing results, indicating a state of having repented or a group of people who have repented.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΜΕΤΑΜΕΛΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'μετανοέω' (metanoeō) is a compound word formed from 'μετά' (meta), meaning 'with, after, or indicating change', and 'νοέω' (noeō), meaning 'to perceive, to think, to understand'. Thus, it literally means 'to change one's mind' or 'to think differently afterwards'.

G0575

G3588, G3739, G3778, G5101

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AF

Translations: from, away from, by, of

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition ΑΠΟ (APO), which means 'from' or 'away from'. The final vowel of ΑΠΟ is dropped (elided) when it precedes a word that begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark (indicated by the apostrophe-like symbol over the vowel). It indicates separation, origin, or cause, often translated as 'from' or 'away from'. It can also denote the agent 'by' or the source 'of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab, English off, and German ab.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: HAYS

Translations: (of) the, (of) who, (of) which, (of) this, (of) that, (of) what

Notes: The word "ΗΣ" is a versatile form in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as the genitive singular for masculine and feminine nouns. It can be the genitive singular of the definite article 'the', indicating possession or relationship. It can also be the genitive singular of the relative pronoun 'who/which', connecting clauses, or the demonstrative pronoun 'this/that', pointing to something specific. Additionally, it can be the genitive singular of the interrogative pronoun 'what/who', used in questions.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-tah-noh-EE-soo-sin

Translations: they will repent, they will change their mind, they will feel remorse

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to repent' or 'to change one's mind'. It implies a change of heart and a turning away from past actions or beliefs. It is often used in a religious context to describe a spiritual transformation or a turning back to God. The word is a compound of 'μετά' (meta), meaning 'with, after, or change', and 'νοέω' (noeō), meaning 'to perceive, to think, to understand'.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Future, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΜΕΤΑΜΕΛΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΜΕΤΑΝΟΕΩ is a compound of the preposition ΜΕΤΑ (meta), meaning 'with, after, or change', and the verb ΝΟΕΩ (noeō), meaning 'to perceive, to think, to understand'. Thus, it literally means 'to change one's mind' or 'to think differently afterwards'.

G3745

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Relative Adjective

Sounds like: OH-soy

Translations: as many as, all who, whoever, how many

Notes: This word functions as a relative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'as many as' or 'all who'. It introduces a relative clause and refers to a quantity or number of people or things. It is used to connect a dependent clause to a main clause, specifying the extent or number of the antecedent.

Inflection: Nominative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΑΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ὅς (hos, 'this, that') and the suffix -σος (-sos), indicating quantity or degree. It is related to other words indicating quantity or extent.

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-GEH-non-toh

Translations: they became, they were, they came to be, they happened, they arose

Notes: This word is a past tense form of the verb 'to become' or 'to be'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, indicating a change of state, an event happening, or the coming into existence of something. It is often used to describe what happened or what came about.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΕΝΝΑΩ

Etymology: The word ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey similar concepts of becoming or originating.

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-GEH-neh-toh

Translations: it happened, it came to pass, it became, it was, it came into being

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist indicative middle/passive of the verb γίνομαι (ginomai). It signifies an event that occurred or a state that came into existence in the past. It is frequently used to introduce a new event or development in a narrative, often translated as 'it happened' or 'it came to pass'. It can also describe something becoming or being made into something else.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ

G2733

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-toy-KEE-ah

Translations: dwelling, a dwelling, habitation, a habitation, home, a home, residence, a residence

Notes: This word refers to a place where someone lives or dwells, such as a house, home, or residence. It denotes a permanent or settled place of abode. It is commonly used to describe a physical dwelling place.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΟΣ, ΣΚΗΝΗ

Etymology: From the verb κατοικέω (katoikeō), meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit', which is itself formed from κατά (kata, 'down, against') and οἰκέω (oikeō, 'to dwell, to inhabit').

G4413

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: PRO-tah

Translations: first, foremost, chief, principal, first things, firstly, at first, before

Notes: This word can function as an adjective or an adverb. As an adjective, it means 'first,' 'foremost,' 'chief,' or 'principal,' referring to something that is initial in time, order, or importance. In its neuter plural form, it can refer to 'the first things.' As an adverb, it means 'firstly,' 'at first,' or 'before,' indicating the initial action or position in a sequence.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (as an adjective); Does not inflect (as an adverb)

Synonyms: ΠΡΩΤΟΣ, ΠΡΩΤΟΝ, ΠΡΩΤΩΣ

G3341

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: meh-TAH-noy-ah

Translations: repentance, a repentance, change of mind, conversion

Notes: This word refers to a change of mind, a turning around, or a conversion. It implies a fundamental shift in one's thinking, attitude, or direction, often leading to a change in behavior. It is frequently used in a religious context to denote a turning away from sin and towards God.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΟΦΗ, ΜΕΤΑΜΕΛΕΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΜΕΤΑΝΟΙΑ is a compound word derived from the preposition μετά (meta), meaning 'after' or 'with', and the verb νοέω (noeo), meaning 'to perceive' or 'to think'. Thus, it literally means 'to think differently afterwards' or 'a change of mind'.

G266