2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G0002

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-BEE-meh-lekh

Translations: Abimelech

Notes: Abimelech is a proper noun, referring to a Philistine king of Gerar mentioned in the Old Testament, or to a son of Gideon who became a king in Shechem. It is a compound word meaning 'my father is king' or 'father of a king'. The final apostrophe (keraia) indicates that this is a proper noun and not a number.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From Hebrew אֲבִימֶלֶךְ ('Avimelekh), meaning 'my father is king' or 'father of a king'. It is a compound of 'father' and 'king'.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

Part of Speech: Numeral, Abbreviation

Sounds like: EES-lah

Translations: 240, two hundred forty, Israel

Notes: This word, ΙΣΛʼ, is most likely a numerical representation in Koine Greek, where letters are used as numbers. In this system, Ι (iota) represents 10, Σ (sigma) represents 200, and Λ (lambda) represents 30. When combined, they sum to 240. The apostrophe-like mark (keraia) indicates that the preceding letters are to be interpreted as a number. However, it is also possible, though less common for this specific sequence, that it is an abbreviation for 'Israel' (ΙΣΡΑΗΛ), with the apostrophe indicating a truncation.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The numerical interpretation derives from the ancient Greek alphabetic numeral system. The abbreviation possibility comes from the common practice of shortening proper nouns in ancient texts.

G5207

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: HUI-os

Translations: son, a son

Notes: This word refers to a male offspring, a son. It is a masculine noun and is commonly used to denote a direct descendant or, in a broader sense, someone who shares a close relationship or characteristic with another, such as 'sons of God' or 'sons of disobedience'. It can also refer to a young man or a male child.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΠΑΙΣ

Etymology: From an unused root, probably meaning 'to beget'. It is related to the concept of generation and lineage.

G5393

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: PHOO-ah

Translations: Phuah, Pua, Puah

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to a person's name. It appears in the Old Testament as the name of several individuals, including a son of Issachar, a king of Assyria (often identified with Tiglath-Pileser III, also known as Pul), and a father of Tola. It is used to identify specific individuals within a narrative.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Dative

Etymology: The name Φουά (Phuah) is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew name פּוּאָה (Pu'ah). Its meaning is uncertain, but it may relate to 'mouth' or 'splendid'.

G2478

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ISS-ah-khar

Translations: Issachar

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to Issachar, one of the twelve sons of Jacob and Leah in the Old Testament. He was the founder of the Israelite tribe of Issachar. The trailing apostrophe (ʼ) is a keraia, indicating that this word is being used as a numeral, specifically the number 211. This is a common practice in ancient Greek manuscripts where letters or words are used to represent numbers.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Etymology: From Hebrew Yissakhar (יִשָּׂשכָר), meaning 'there is recompense' or 'man of hire'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very, a same, the same

Notes: This word functions as both a pronoun and an adjective. As a pronoun, it can mean 'he, she, it' (third person personal pronoun) or be used intensively to mean 'himself, herself, itself, themselves'. When used as an adjective, it means 'the same' or 'the very'. Its meaning depends on its position and context within a sentence. For example, when used attributively with an article (e.g., ὁ αὐτὸς), it means 'the same'. When used predicatively or without an article, it often has an intensive meaning ('he himself').

Inflection: Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter; Singular or Plural; Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ew-to- (self, same).

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EN

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.

G5420

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EF-rah

Translations: he shut, he stopped, he blocked, he fenced in, he hedged in

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'phrassō', meaning to shut, stop, or block. It describes an action of enclosing, obstructing, or making something secure, often in a past tense context. It can refer to physical barriers or metaphorical obstructions.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΚΛΕΙΩ, ΕΜΦΡΑΣΣΩ, ΑΠΟΦΡΑΣΣΩ

Etymology: The verb ΦΡΑΣΣΩ (phrassō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to an ancient root meaning 'to enclose' or 'to fence'.

G2181

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: EF-ra-im

Translations: Ephraim, of Ephraim

Notes: Ephraim is a proper noun referring to the younger son of Joseph and the ancestor of one of the twelve tribes of Israel. It can also refer to the territory occupied by this tribe or the tribe itself. The apostrophe at the end indicates a keraia, which can mark a number, but in this context, it is more likely an elision of a final vowel, or simply a scribal mark. In this case, it is likely the genitive form of Ephraim.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The name Ephraim is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew word 'Ephrayim', meaning 'fruitful' or 'doubly fruitful'. It reflects the blessing given to Joseph's sons by Jacob.

G2919

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EK-ree-nan

Translations: they judged, they decided, they condemned, they determined, they considered

Notes: This word is the 3rd person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb 'κρίνω' (krinō). It means 'they judged,' 'they decided,' 'they condemned,' or 'they determined.' It describes an action that was completed in the past by a group of people. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'They judged the case' or 'They decided to go.'

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΙΚΑΖΩ, ΨΗΦΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΔΙΚΑΖΩ

G2919

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EK-ree-nen

Translations: he judged, she judged, it judged, he decided, she decided, it decided, he determined, she determined, it determined, he condemned, she condemned, it condemned

Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'κρίνω' (krino). It describes an action of judging, deciding, or condemning that occurred in the past and was completed. It can refer to a legal judgment, a personal decision, or a separation/distinction.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΔΙΚΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΚΡΙΝΩ, ΔΙΑΚΡΙΝΩ

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to

Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TON

Translations: him, it, them, himself, itself, the same

Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'him' or 'it' (singular), or 'them' (plural). It can also be used as an intensive pronoun, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. Additionally, when used with an article, it can function as an adjective meaning 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the context and whether it's used alone or with an article.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular; or Accusative, Masculine, Plural

G2424

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: yah-EER

Translations: Jair

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to Jair, a name of several individuals in the Old Testament. The apostrophe at the end (keraia) indicates that this is a numerical value, specifically 10 + 1 + 5 + 8 + 100 + 1000 = 1124, but in this context, it is used as a proper noun, and the keraia is likely a scribal mark or a way to distinguish it as a name. It is a common name found in the Septuagint.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Etymology: The name Jair is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'he enlightens' or 'he will enlighten'. It is derived from the Hebrew verb 'ur' (to enlighten).

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G2919

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EK-ree-neh

Translations: he judged, she judged, it judged, he decided, she decided, it decided, he condemned, she condemned, it condemned

Notes: This is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'κρίνω' (krino). It describes a completed action in the past, indicating that 'he,' 'she,' or 'it' performed the act of judging, deciding, or condemning. It is used to state a definitive past action of judgment or decision.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΔΙΚΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΚΡΙΝΩ

G1510

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: AY-sahn

Translations: they were, they had been

Notes: ΗΣΑΝ is an inflected form of the verb 'ΕΙΜΙ' (eimi), meaning 'to be'. Specifically, it is the third person plural imperfect indicative form. It describes an ongoing or continuous state or action in the past, often translated as 'they were' or 'they used to be'. It is commonly used to describe the state or existence of multiple subjects in a past context.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Indicative

Etymology: The Koine Greek verb ΕΙΜΙ (eimi) derives from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is one of the most fundamental and frequently used verbs in the language, indicating existence, state, or identity.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) them, (for) him, (for) her, (for) it, (for) them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, the same

Notes: This word is a personal pronoun that can also function as an adjective. In its pronominal use, it typically means 'him', 'her', 'it', or 'them', depending on the gender and number. When used intensively, it can mean 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. As an adjective, it means 'the same'. The form ΑΥΤΩ is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a demonstrative pronominal stem. It is a fundamental pronoun in Greek, used across various dialects and periods.

G5144

Part of Speech: Numeral

Sounds like: tree-AH-kon-tah

Translations: thirty

Notes: This word means 'thirty' and is used to denote the number 30. It functions as an indeclinable numeral, meaning its form does not change regardless of the gender, case, or number of the noun it modifies. It is typically used to quantify nouns, indicating a quantity of thirty units.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From τρεῖς (treis, “three”) and a suffix related to -κοντα (-konta, “-ty”), indicating multiples of ten. It is cognate with Latin triginta and English thirty.

G1910

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eh-pee-BAH-ee-non-tes

Translations: stepping upon, going upon, embarking, mounting, entering, those who step upon, those who go upon, those who embark

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'epibainō', which means 'to step upon', 'to go upon', 'to mount', 'to embark', or 'to enter'. It is a compound word formed from 'epi' (upon, on, to) and 'bainō' (to go, to step). As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is ongoing or concurrent with the main verb. It can refer to people or things that are in the process of stepping onto something, such as a ship or a animal, or entering a place.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΒΑΙΝΟΝΤΕΣ, ΕΙΣΒΑΙΝΟΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The word 'epibainō' is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'epi' (meaning 'upon', 'on', 'to') and the verb 'bainō' (meaning 'to go', 'to step'). The combination signifies movement onto or into something.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: EP-ee

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, by, for, concerning, during, after, of, a

Notes: This word is a very common preposition and adverb in Koine Greek. As a preposition, its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on,' 'upon,' 'over,' 'in the time of,' or 'concerning.' With the dative case, it can mean 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' 'for,' or 'in addition to.' With the accusative case, it typically means 'to,' 'against,' 'upon,' 'over,' or 'for the purpose of.' It is also frequently used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'upon,' 'over,' 'to,' or 'in addition.'

Inflection: Governs Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases. Does not inflect itself.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡ, ΚΑΤΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lis

Translations: city, a city, town, a town

Notes: The word 'polis' refers to a city or town, a populated center where people live and gather. In ancient contexts, it often implied a self-governing city-state, but in Koine Greek, it frequently refers simply to any significant urban settlement. It is used to denote the physical location and its inhabitants.

Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Vocative

Synonyms: ΚΩΜΗ, ΧΩΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (to fill) or *pel- (to build, to enclose). It refers to a fortified place or a populated area.

G2564

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-KAH-loo

Translations: called, were calling, used to call

Notes: This word is a verb, specifically the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō). It describes an action of calling that was ongoing, repeated, or habitual in the past. For example, it could mean 'they were calling' or 'they used to call'.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΚΑΛΕΩ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ

Etymology: The word 'καλέω' (kaleō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁-, meaning 'to shout, to call'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TAS

Translations: them, these, those, her, it, the same

Notes: This word is a pronoun that can mean 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' (intensive), 'he, she, it, they' (personal pronoun, often emphatic), or 'the same' (demonstrative). In this specific inflected form, it is the accusative plural feminine, meaning it refers to multiple feminine objects or persons as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It can be translated as 'them' (feminine), 'these' (feminine), or 'those' (feminine).

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Feminine

G1886

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ep-OW-leess

Translations: farm, country house, dwelling, abode, a dwelling place, a sheepfold, a fold

Notes: This word refers to a dwelling place, often a country house, farm, or a shepherd's fold. It can denote a permanent residence or a place where animals are kept. In a broader sense, it signifies an abode or dwelling.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΚΩΜΗ, ΠΟΙΜΝΙΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΑΥΛΙΣ (epaulis) is derived from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'at', and the verb αὔλίζομαι (aulizomai), meaning 'to lodge' or 'to dwell'. It originally referred to a place where one lodged or dwelt, particularly in the countryside.

G2193

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: EH-ohs

Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral

Sounds like: AI

Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11

Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)

Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.

G1052

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: GAL-ah-ahd

Translations: Gilead

Notes: Gilead is a geographical region in ancient Palestine, located east of the Jordan River. It is frequently mentioned in the Old Testament as a mountainous and fertile area, known for its balm and pastures. It was inhabited by various tribes of Israel.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The name Gilead is of Hebrew origin, from the word גִּלְעָד (Gil'ad), meaning 'heap of witness' or 'mound of testimony'. It is associated with the heap of stones set up by Jacob and Laban as a covenant witness.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: RAHM-noh

Translations: Ramno, Ramnon

Notes: This word refers to Ramno or Ramnon, which is a place name. It appears to be a geographical location, possibly a town or region, as indicated by its use with prepositions like 'in' or 'on'. It does not inflect in the same way as common nouns, but rather functions as a proper noun.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a proper noun)

Etymology: The etymology of 'Ramno' as a proper noun is not clearly documented in standard Koine Greek lexicons. It is likely a transliteration of a foreign place name into Greek.

G4369

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-ETH-en-toh

Translations: they added, they put to, they continued, they did again

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to add to,' 'to put to,' or 'to continue.' It can also imply doing something again or further. It is often used to describe an action that is repeated or an increase in quantity or intensity. For example, it might be used to say 'they added more people' or 'they continued to sin.'

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΤΙΘΕΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΤΙΘΕΝΤΕΣ, ΠΡΟΣΤΙΘΕΝΤΑ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G4190

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: po-nee-ROH

Translations: evil, wicked, bad, harmful, mischievous, worthless, diseased, an evil thing, the evil one

Notes: This word describes something or someone as evil, wicked, or bad. It can refer to moral depravity, but also to something that is harmful, worthless, or diseased. When used as a noun, it can mean 'an evil thing' or 'the evil one' (referring to Satan). It is used to qualify nouns, indicating their negative quality.

Inflection: Nominative or Accusative, Singular, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ

Etymology: From πόνος (ponos, "toil, labor, pain"), indicating something that causes pain or trouble. It evolved to mean morally bad or wicked.

G1799

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: en-OH-pee-on

Translations: before, in the presence of, in the sight of, in front of

Notes: This word functions as an adverb or an improper preposition, meaning 'before' or 'in the presence of'. It is used to indicate a position directly in front of someone or something, or to denote being under the observation or authority of someone. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΚΑΤΕΝΩΠΙΟΝ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the preposition 'ἐν' (en, meaning 'in') and 'ὤψ' (ōps, meaning 'face' or 'countenance'). It literally means 'in the face of' or 'in the sight of'.

G0896

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: bah-AH-leem

Translations: Baalim, the Baals

Notes: This word refers to the various local manifestations or cult images of the Canaanite god Baal. It is a plural form, indicating multiple Baals or a collection of Baal deities worshipped by different communities. The final apostrophe is a keraia, indicating it is a numeral, but in this context, it is a common scribal abbreviation for the final nu-movable (ν) or a plural ending, making it 'Baalim' (plural of Baal).

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΒΑΑΛ, ΒΑΑΛΑΑΜ

H6252

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: as-TAH-roth

Translations: Astaroth

Notes: Astaroth is a proper noun referring to a pagan goddess worshipped in the ancient Near East, particularly in Canaanite and Phoenician cultures. She was often associated with fertility, war, and sexuality. The final apostrophe indicates a keraia, marking it as a numeral, but in this context, it is more likely a proper noun ending.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From Hebrew עַשְׁתָּרֹת (Ashtaroth), plural of עַשְׁתֹּרֶת (Ashtoreth), referring to the goddess Astarte.

G0682

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-RAD

Translations: Arad

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to a specific place. It is an ancient city in the Negev desert, mentioned in the Old Testament. The final apostrophe (keraia) indicates that the word is being used as a numeral, representing the number 101, or it could be a coronis indicating an elision, though in this context, it is most likely a keraia.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The name 'Arad' is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'wild ass' or 'place of flight'. It refers to an ancient Canaanite and Israelite city.

G3476

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: moh-AB

Translations: Moab

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Moab, an ancient kingdom whose territory is located in modern-day Jordan. The apostrophe at the end (keraia) indicates that the word is being used as a numeral, specifically the number 4004. However, in the provided context, it is clearly used as the name of the kingdom or people.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The name 'Moab' is of Hebrew origin (H4124 מוֹאָב), meaning 'from father' or 'his father'. It refers to the son of Lot, from whom the Moabite people descended.

G282

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: am-MOHN

Translations: Ammon, Amon

Notes: Ammon refers to a people, a land, or a deity. In the context of the Bible, it most often refers to the Ammonites, a Semitic people descended from Ben-Ammi, the son of Lot. Their territory was east of the Jordan River. It can also refer to their chief deity, Milcom or Molech. The word is used to denote the people or their land.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive

Etymology: From Hebrew 'Ammon (עַמּוֹן), meaning 'people'. It refers to the descendants of Lot through his younger son Ben-Ammi.

G5331

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: foo-lis-TEE-eim

Translations: Philistines, the Philistines

Notes: This word refers to the Philistines, an ancient people who were adversaries of the Israelites. The apostrophe at the end indicates an elision, meaning a letter or syllable has been omitted, likely for poetic or rhythmic reasons, but the meaning remains the same as the full form Φυλιστιείμ. It is typically used to refer to the people collectively.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The word Φυλιστιείμ (Phulistieim) is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew word פְּלִשְׁתִּים (Pəlištīm), which also refers to the Philistines.

G1459

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eng-ka-teh-LI-pon

Translations: they forsook, they abandoned, they left behind, they deserted

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from 'ἐν' (in/among), 'κατά' (down/against), and 'λείπω' (to leave). It means to leave behind, abandon, forsake, or desert someone or something. It is often used in the context of abandoning a place, a person, or a principle. In the provided examples, it describes people leaving behind their gods or their possessions.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΕΙΠΩ, ΑΠΟΛΕΙΠΩ

G2962

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOO-ree-ON

Translations: Lord, a Lord

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΚΥΡΙΟΝ (KYRION), meaning 'Lord'. It is the accusative singular form of ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (KYRIOS), which means 'Lord' or 'Master'. It is used to refer to God or Jesus Christ, or sometimes to a human master or owner. In the provided context, it is used with the accusative article 'ΤΟΝ', indicating it is the direct object of a verb.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ

Etymology: From ΚΥΡΟΣ (KYROS), meaning 'power' or 'authority'. It refers to one who has power or authority, hence 'lord' or 'master'.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express negation. It typically precedes a word beginning with a vowel or is used at the end of a clause. It is used to deny a fact or to express a strong prohibition. It is often used with verbs to negate their action, meaning 'not' or 'no'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΧΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a primary negative particle in Ancient Greek, related to similar negative particles in other Indo-European languages.

G3710

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: or-GISS-thay

Translations: he was angry, she was angry, it was angry, became angry, was enraged

Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist, passive, indicative form of the verb 'οργιζομαι' (orgizomai), meaning 'to be angry' or 'to become angry'. It describes an action of becoming angry that occurred in the past and was completed. The passive voice indicates that the subject of the verb was the one experiencing the anger, rather than actively causing it in someone else.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΘΥΜΟΟΜΑΙ, ΑΓΑΝΑΚΤΕΩ

G2372

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: thoo-MOH

Translations: (to) passion, (to) anger, (to) wrath, (to) indignation, (to) rage, (to) fury, (to) spirit, (to) soul

Notes: This word refers to a strong emotion, often negative, such as anger, wrath, or indignation. It can also refer to the seat of emotions, like the spirit or soul. In this dative form, it indicates the recipient or instrument of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'with'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΡΓΗ, ΠΑΘΟΣ, ΖΗΛΟΣ

Etymology: From an assumed root meaning 'to rush, breathe hard'. It originally referred to the soul or spirit as the principle of life, and later came to denote strong feelings or passions.

G2962

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOO-ree-os

Translations: Lord, a Lord, Master, a Master, Sir, a Sir

Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a sacred name abbreviation, for ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (Kyrios). It refers to a supreme authority, master, or owner. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their divine authority and sovereignty. It can also be used as a respectful address, similar to 'Sir'.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *keu- meaning 'to swell, to be strong, to be powerful'. It refers to one who has power or authority.

G591

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-PEH-deh-toh

Translations: he gave back, he paid back, he sold, he rendered, he restored

Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist middle indicative form of the verb 'apodidomi'. It generally means to give back, pay back, render, or restore. In some contexts, particularly in the middle voice, it can also mean to sell, as one 'gives away' something for a price. The provided examples show its use in the sense of 'giving over' or 'selling'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Middle, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΣΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΣΙΝ

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOOS

Translations: them, themselves, him, it, the same

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ' (autos). In this specific form, it is used to mean 'them' or 'themselves' when referring to masculine plural nouns in the accusative case. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'the same' depending on the context and agreement with the noun it modifies. When used as a personal pronoun, it often refers back to a previously mentioned noun.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΥΣ, ΣΦΑΣ

G2346

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ETH-lip-sa

Translations: I afflicted, I oppressed, I squeezed, I pressed, I crushed

Notes: This word is the first person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'thlibo'. It describes an action completed in the past, meaning 'I afflicted', 'I oppressed', 'I squeezed', 'I pressed', or 'I crushed'. It can refer to causing distress, hardship, or physical pressure.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΙΕΖΩ, ΣΤΕΝΟΧΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΘΛΙΒΩ (thlibo) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to press' or 'to crush'.

G2346

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ETH-la-san

Translations: they broke, they crushed, they bruised

Notes: This is the third person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb 'thlaō'. It describes an action that was completed in the past by a group of subjects. The verb generally means to break, crush, or bruise something, often with force. It can be used to describe the breaking of bones or other hard objects.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΘΛΑΩ, ΣΥΝΤΡΙΒΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΝΥΜΙ

Etymology: The word 'thlaō' is of uncertain origin, possibly related to an onomatopoeic root representing the sound of crushing or breaking.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G2540

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kahee-ROH

Translations: to time, to season, to opportunity, to a proper time, to a fixed time, to a due season, to a critical time

Notes: This word refers to a specific, opportune, or appointed time, often implying a critical or decisive moment. It is distinct from 'chronos' (χρόνος), which refers to chronological or sequential time. 'Kairos' emphasizes the qualitative aspect of time, focusing on the right or fitting moment for something to happen. It is used in contexts where a particular event or action is expected or appropriate.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΩΡΑ, ΧΡΟΝΟΣ

G1565

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAY-noh

Translations: (to) that, (for) that, that (one)

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective meaning 'that' or 'that one'. It refers to something or someone distant in time or space from the speaker. It is used to point out a specific person or thing, often in contrast to something closer or more immediate. In this dative singular form, it indicates the indirect object of an action or the recipient of something.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

G4008

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: peh-RAN

Translations: beyond, over, on the other side, across

Notes: This word functions as an adverb meaning 'beyond' or 'on the other side,' indicating a location or direction. It can also be used as a preposition, typically with the genitive case, to mean 'beyond' or 'across' something, indicating movement or position relative to a boundary.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΚΕΙΝΑ, ΕΚΕΙΘΕΝ

Etymology: From the root *per- meaning 'to pass through, to go over.' It is related to the verb περάω (peraō), meaning 'to pass through' or 'to cross.'

G2446

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-or-DAH-noo

Translations: of Jordan

Notes: This word refers to the Jordan River, a significant geographical feature in the Middle East, particularly important in biblical narratives. As a proper noun, it designates a specific river. In this genitive form, it indicates possession or origin, often translated as 'of Jordan' or 'from Jordan'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'Jordan' is of Hebrew origin, from the word 'Yarden', meaning 'the descender' or 'to descend', referring to the river's rapid descent.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G1224

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-BEE-san

Translations: they crossed over, they passed through, they went over

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and the verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. Therefore, it means 'to go through' or 'to step across'. It is used to describe the action of moving from one side to another, often across a physical barrier like a river or a boundary. It typically takes an accusative object for the thing being crossed.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΑΣΑΝ, ΔΙΕΛΘΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΑΒΑΙΝΩ is a compound of διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. The root βαίνω comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to step' or 'to go'.

G268

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: am-MOH

Translations: Ammon, Ammom

Notes: This word is a proper noun, specifically a transliteration of the Hebrew name 'Ammon' or 'Ammom'. It refers to a person or a place, often associated with the Ammonites, a people descended from Ben-Ammi, the son of Lot. In the provided context, it appears in lists of names or places, indicating its use as a geographical or tribal identifier.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word is a transliteration of the Hebrew name 'Ammon' (עַמּוֹן), meaning 'people' or 'tribal'. It refers to the son of Lot and the ancestor of the Ammonites.

G2446

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-or-DAH-nane

Translations: Jordan

Notes: This word refers to the Jordan River, a major river in the Middle East. It is frequently mentioned in the Bible as a significant geographical feature and a site of many important events, such as the Israelites' crossing into the Promised Land and John the Baptist's baptisms.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The word 'ΙΟΡΔΑΝΗΣ' is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew word 'Yarden' (יַרְדֵּן), meaning 'to descend' or 'the descender', referring to the river's rapid descent.

G3903

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-TAX-as-thai

Translations: to arrange in battle array, to draw up in battle formation, to set in order for battle, to array oneself for battle

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'παρά' (para), meaning 'alongside' or 'beside', and 'τάσσω' (tasso), meaning 'to arrange' or 'to order'. It specifically refers to the act of arranging troops or forces in a battle line or formation. It is used to describe the preparation for combat, where soldiers are organized into ranks and files.

Inflection: Aorist, Infinitive, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΑΤΤΩ, ΤΑΣΣΩ

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G2181

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: EF-ra-eem

Translations: Ephraim

Notes: Ephraim is a proper noun referring to a significant figure and tribe in the Old Testament. He was the second son of Joseph and the grandson of Jacob (Israel). The tribe of Ephraim became one of the most prominent and influential of the twelve tribes of Israel, often representing the northern kingdom of Israel as a whole. It is used to refer to the individual, his descendants, or the territory they inhabited.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Etymology: From Hebrew אֶפְרַיִם (ʾEfrayim), meaning 'fruitful' or 'doubly fruitful'.

G2346

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eth-LEE-bee

Translations: he was afflicted, she was afflicted, it was afflicted, he was distressed, she was distressed, it was distressed, he was troubled, she was troubled, it was troubled

Notes: This word describes the state of being pressed, afflicted, or distressed. It is often used to convey a sense of suffering, trouble, or tribulation, indicating that someone or something has undergone hardship or pressure. It can refer to physical pressure or emotional/spiritual distress.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΠΙΕΖΩ, ΣΤΕΝΟΧΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word θλίβω (thlibo) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to press' or 'to rub'.

G0264

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hay-MAR-toh-men

Translations: we sinned, we have sinned

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to sin' or 'to miss the mark'. It refers to an action of failing to meet a standard or deviating from a path, often with moral or religious implications. The form 'ΗΜΑΡΤΟΜΕΝ' specifically means 'we sinned' or 'we have sinned', indicating a past action completed by a group of people.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΛΑΝΑΩ, ΑΠΟΤΥΓΧΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word ἁμαρτάνω (hamartanō) comes from a privative prefix 'a-' (meaning 'not') and a root related to 'μέρος' (meros), meaning 'part' or 'share', implying 'not having a share' or 'missing the mark'.

G4771

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: SOY

Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you

Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G1398

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-doo-LEH-oo-sah-men

Translations: we served, we were slaves, we were in bondage

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to serve' or 'to be a slave/bondservant'. It describes the act of rendering service, often implying a state of subjection or servitude, whether voluntary or involuntary. It can refer to serving a master, God, or even a concept like sin. The form 'ΕΔΟΥΛΕΥΣΑΜΕΝ' specifically indicates that 'we' performed this action in the past.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Aorist Active Indicative

Synonyms: ΥΠΗΡΕΤΕΩ, ΛΑΤΡΕΥΩ

Etymology: The verb ΔΟΥΛΕΥΩ comes from the noun ΔΟΥΛΟΣ (doulos), meaning 'slave' or 'servant'. It describes the action or state of being a doulos.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G3780

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OO-khee

Translations: no, not, by no means, certainly not

Notes: This word is a strong negative particle, used to express an emphatic 'no' or 'not'. It is often used when the speaker expects a negative answer or wants to strongly deny something. It can stand alone as an answer or be used to negate a verb or a phrase, emphasizing the denial more strongly than a simple 'οὐ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΜΗ

Etymology: From οὐ (ou) and the enclitic particle χί (chi), which adds emphasis. It is a strengthened form of the simple negative particle οὐ.

G1537, G1803

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: eks

Translations: out of, from, by, of, six

Notes: This word can function in two main ways. As a preposition, it means 'out of' or 'from', indicating origin, source, or separation. It is always used with the genitive case. It can also denote the agent or cause of something. As a numeral, it means 'six'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΕΚ, ΕΞΑ

Etymology: As a preposition, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'out'. As a numeral, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'six'.

G0001

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: eh-GYP-too

Translations: of Egypt

Notes: This word refers to the country of Egypt. As a proper noun, it is used to denote the specific geographical region and ancient civilization known as Egypt. In its genitive form, it indicates possession or origin, often translated as 'of Egypt' or 'from Egypt'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The word ΑΙΓΥΠΤΟΣ (Aigyptos) is of uncertain origin, possibly derived from an Egyptian name for the city of Memphis, Hwt-ka-Ptah ('Mansion of the Ka of Ptah'). It was adopted into Greek and became the standard name for the country.

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AH-po

Translations: from, away from, by, of, out of, because of, by means of

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or cause. It is always followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case. It can mean 'from' in the sense of moving away from a place, 'from' in the sense of origin or source, or 'by' when indicating the agent or cause of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab and English off.

G273

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-mor-RAI-oo

Translations: of the Amorite, of the Amorites

Notes: This word refers to the Amorites, an ancient Semitic-speaking people mentioned frequently in the Bible. It is used here in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, meaning 'belonging to the Amorite' or 'of the Amorites'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: The word 'Amorite' is derived from the Hebrew 'Emori', which refers to the inhabitants of the land of Amurru. It is a geographical and ethnic designation for a people group in ancient Near Eastern history.

G269

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-mah-LEK

Translations: Amalek

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Amalek, the grandson of Esau, or to the Amalekites, a nomadic people descended from him. In the Old Testament, the Amalekites were often enemies of Israel.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative or Accusative or Genitive or Dative (the keraia indicates a number, but in this context, it's a proper noun, so it's likely a scribal mark or a form of elision/crasis, though less likely for a proper noun. Given the context, it's most likely the proper noun Amalek, and the keraia is a numerical marker for 21, which is not relevant to the word's meaning here).

Etymology: The name Amalek is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'dweller in a valley' or 'laborious'. It refers to a descendant of Esau and the nation that descended from him.

G1537

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EK

Translations: out of, from, away from, by, of, 5

Notes: This word, marked with a coronis (ʼ), primarily represents the preposition 'εκ' (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from'. It indicates origin, source, or separation, often used with the genitive case. For example, 'out of the house' or 'from God'. It can also signify the agent or means by which something is done. Less commonly, the 'ʼ' could function as a keraia, indicating the numeral 5 (epsilon). Given the context of ancient manuscripts, the elided preposition 'εκ' is the more probable interpretation.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); Numeral (as a keraia)

Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The preposition ΕΚ (ek) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the English word 'ex-' (as in 'exit').

G5495

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHEI-ross

Translations: of hand, of a hand, of the hand, of power, of authority, of control

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'χείρ' (cheir), meaning 'hand'. In Koine Greek, 'hand' can refer not only to the physical limb but also metaphorically to power, authority, control, or agency. When used in the genitive case, it often indicates possession, origin, or the agent by which something is done, thus translating to 'of hand' or 'by the hand of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'χείρ' (cheir) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰesr-, meaning 'hand'. It is related to words for hand in other Indo-European languages.

G5210

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: hoo-MEES

Translations: you, to you, for you, by you, with you

Notes: This word is a second-person plural pronoun. Without diacritics, it most commonly represents either the nominative form 'ὑμεῖς' (you) or the dative form 'ὑμῖν' (to/for/by/with you). Its specific meaning in a sentence depends on the grammatical case it represents, which is often determined by context or the presence of prepositions. It refers to a group of people being addressed.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Dative

Etymology: The word 'ὑμεῖς' (hymeis) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *yuH- (you). It is the plural form of the second-person pronoun.

G1398

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-doo-LEH-oo-sah-teh

Translations: you served, you were enslaved, you were servants, you were in bondage

Notes: This word is the aorist active indicative form of the verb 'douleuo', meaning 'to serve', 'to be a slave', or 'to be in bondage'. In this specific form, it indicates a completed action in the past performed by 'you' (plural). It describes the act of rendering service, often implying a state of subjection or servitude, whether voluntary or involuntary.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 2nd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΥΠΗΡΕΤΕΩ, ΔΙΑΚΟΝΕΩ

G2087

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: HEH-teh-roys

Translations: other, another, different, a different

Notes: This word refers to something that is 'other' or 'different' from what has been previously mentioned or implied. It emphasizes a distinction in kind or character, rather than just numerical difference (which would be expressed by 'ἄλλος'). It is often used to introduce a new or distinct item in a list or comparison. In the provided examples, it refers to 'other gods'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ, ΔΙΑΦΟΡΟΣ, ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΣ

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G3756, G3757

Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

G1586

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-eh-LEK-sas-thai

Translations: to choose out, to select, to pick out, to elect

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb λέγομαι (legomai), meaning 'to pick, gather, or say'. Together, it means 'to choose out' or 'to select from a group'. It implies a deliberate and purposeful selection. In the New Testament, it is often used in the context of God choosing or electing individuals or groups for a specific purpose.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΙΡΕΟΜΑΙ, ΕΚΛΕΓΩ

Etymology: From the preposition ΕΚ (ek), meaning 'out of', and the verb ΛΕΓΩ (lego), meaning 'to pick, gather, or say'. The middle voice form emphasizes the subject's involvement in the action of choosing for themselves.

G1438

Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-ah-TOYS

Translations: (to) themselves, (for) themselves, themselves, (among) themselves

Notes: This is a reflexive pronoun, meaning 'himself, herself, itself, themselves'. It is used when the action of the verb is directed back to the subject of the sentence. For example, 'they gave to themselves' or 'they saw themselves'. It emphasizes that the subject is both the actor and the recipient of the action.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Etymology: From Ancient Greek, a compound of the reflexive pronoun 'ἑός' (heos, 'his own') and the intensive pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos, 'self').

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOY

Translations: they, themselves, to them, for them, to themselves, for themselves

Notes: This word is a pronoun that can function as a personal pronoun (they, them) or a reflexive pronoun (themselves). It can also be used to emphasize a noun, meaning 'the very' or 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the case and context. For example, in the nominative case, it typically means 'they' or 'themselves', while in the dative case, it means 'to them' or 'for them'.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Dative

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΙ, ΟΥΤΟΙ

G2347

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THLIP-seh-ohss

Translations: (of) tribulation, (of) affliction, (of) distress, (of) trouble, (of) pressure, a tribulation, an affliction, a distress, a trouble, a pressure

Notes: This word refers to a state of pressure, distress, or suffering. It denotes a crushing or pressing together, which can be literal or figurative, leading to hardship or trouble. It is often used in the context of difficulties, persecutions, or severe trials faced by individuals or communities.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΤΕΝΟΧΩΡΙΑ, ΠΙΕΣΙΣ, ΔΟΚΙΜΗ

G3004

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EYE-pahn

Translations: they said, they spoke

Notes: This word is a third-person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes an action of speaking or saying that occurred in the past and is viewed as a completed event. It is used to report what a group of people said.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ

Etymology: The verb 'λέγω' (legō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to collect, gather', which evolved to mean 'to pick out, count, tell, say' in Greek.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G3956

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: PAN

Translations: all, every, whole, everything, a whole

Notes: This word is the neuter nominative or accusative singular form of the adjective/pronoun ΠΑΣ (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate totality or universality. For example, it can mean 'all things' or 'everything' when used substantively, or 'the whole' when modifying a singular noun. It can also be used to mean 'every' when referring to individual items within a group.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΣ (pas) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂- meaning 'to protect, feed'. Its meaning evolved to 'all' or 'whole' in Greek.

G0018

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ah-gah-THON

Translations: good, a good thing, what is good, beneficial, virtuous

Notes: This word describes something as good, beneficial, or virtuous. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating its positive quality. It can also be used substantively as a neuter noun, meaning 'a good thing' or 'what is good', referring to a moral or material benefit.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word originates from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'good' or 'able'. It has cognates in other Indo-European languages.

G4133

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: plēn

Translations: but, except, nevertheless, however, only, save, yet

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΠΛΗΝ (plēn). It functions as a conjunction or an adverb. As a conjunction, it introduces a contrasting or limiting statement, similar to 'but' or 'nevertheless'. As an adverb, it can mean 'only' or 'except'. It is often used to mark a transition or to emphasize a particular point.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑ, ΕΙ ΜΗ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (to fill). It originally meant 'full' or 'complete', evolving to 'fully, completely', and then to 'except, but' in the sense of 'all but'.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOW-tay

Translations: of this, to this, by this, with this, this

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something specific that is near the speaker or has just been mentioned. As a feminine singular form, it can function as either a genitive case, indicating possession or origin (e.g., 'of this woman'), or a dative case, indicating indirect object or means (e.g., 'to this woman' or 'by means of this'). Its precise meaning depends on the context and the preposition it might be used with.

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Genitive or Dative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΗ, ΕΚΕΙΝΗ

Etymology: The word 'οὗτος' (houtos), from which 'ταύτῃ' is derived, is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek. It is believed to have originated from a combination of the definite article and a pronominal stem, indicating proximity or reference to something previously mentioned.

G1578

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-ek-LEE-nan

Translations: they turned aside, they deviated, they avoided, they declined, they turned away

Notes: This verb describes the action of turning away or deviating from a path, a standard, or a person. It can imply avoiding something or someone, or declining to follow a certain course. In the provided context, it suggests a turning away or deviation from a previous state or instruction.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΟΤΡΕΠΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΚΚΛΙΝΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb κλίνω (klino), meaning 'to bend' or 'to incline'. Thus, it literally means 'to bend out from' or 'to incline away from'.

G0245

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: al-LO-tree-oos

Translations: foreign, strange, another's, alien, not one's own

Notes: This word describes something that belongs to another person, is foreign, or is alien. It can refer to people, things, or concepts that are not one's own or are outside of one's sphere of influence or understanding. It is often used to emphasize a distinction between what is familiar or belonging to oneself and what is external or unfamiliar.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative

Synonyms: XENOS, ALLOS

Etymology: From ALLOS (another) and the suffix -TRIOS, indicating belonging or relation. It literally means 'belonging to another'.

G1537

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EK

Translations: out of, from, of, by, among, with

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically governs the genitive case. It denotes origin, source, or separation, indicating movement 'out of' or 'from' a place, time, or cause. It can also signify the material from which something is made, the agent by whom something is done, or the reason for an action. For example, it can mean 'out of the house' or 'from that day'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs, meaning 'out'. It is cognate with Latin ex- and English out.

G3319

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: MEH-soo

Translations: middle, midst, among, between, in the middle, in the midst, (of) the middle, (of) the midst

Notes: This word refers to the middle or midst of something. As an adjective, it describes something as being in the middle. When used as a noun, often in the genitive case (like ΜΕΣΟΥ), it functions adverbially to indicate being in the midst of or among something or someone, frequently appearing with prepositions like διά (through) or ἐν (in).

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΟΝ, ΜΕΣΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *medʰyo- (middle). It is cognate with Latin medius and English mid.

G2100

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: yoo-ay-res-TAY-sen

Translations: he was well-pleased, he pleased, he was pleasing

Notes: This word describes an action where someone or something has been well-pleased or has given satisfaction. It is often used in a religious context to describe God being pleased with someone's actions or character. It is a compound word formed from εὖ (eu, meaning 'well') and ἀρεστός (arestos, meaning 'pleasing').

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΡΕΣΚΩ, ΕΥΔΟΚΕΩ

Etymology: The verb εὐαρεστέω (euarestéō) is derived from the adjective εὐάρεστος (euárestos), meaning 'well-pleasing'. This adjective itself is a compound of εὖ (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good', and ἀρεστός (arestos), meaning 'pleasing', which comes from the verb ἀρέσκω (areskō), 'to please'.

G2992

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: lah-OH

Translations: people, a people, nation, a nation

Notes: This word refers to a people, a nation, or a multitude of individuals, often used in the context of a specific group or community, such as the people of Israel or the people of God. It can be used to describe a general populace or a distinct ethnic or national group.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΟΧΛΟΣ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to λᾶς (lās, "stone"), referring to people as "stones" or "foundations." It is also suggested to be from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂w- ("people, army").

G3640

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oh-lee-OH-thee

Translations: was made few, was diminished, was lessened, was reduced, was made small

Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'ὀλιγόω' (oligóō). It describes an action where something was made few, diminished, or lessened by an external agent. It implies a reduction in quantity, number, or significance.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΜΕΙΟΩ, ΕΛΑΤΤΟΩ

Etymology: From ὀλίγος (olígos, “few, little”). The verb ὀλιγόω means 'to make few' or 'to diminish'.

G3640

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oh-lee-GOH-thay

Translations: to be diminished, to be made few, to be made small, to be lessened, to be reduced

Notes: This word is the aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'oligoo', meaning 'to make few' or 'to diminish'. In the passive voice, it describes something that has been made few, diminished, or lessened. It indicates a state of reduction or scarcity.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΜΕΙΟΩ, ΕΛΑΤΤΟΩ

Etymology: Derived from the Greek word 'oligos' (ὀλίγος), meaning 'few' or 'small'. The verb form 'oligoo' means 'to make few' or 'to diminish'.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G5590

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: Ps-oo-KHEE

Translations: soul, life, mind, heart, a soul, a life

Notes: This word refers to the soul, the animating principle of a human or animal, often considered the seat of emotions, desires, and affections. It can also denote life itself, the individual person, or the mind/inner self. It is used in various contexts to refer to the breath of life, the spiritual part of a human being, or simply one's existence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΝΕΥΜΑ, ΖΩΗ, ΚΑΡΔΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb ψύχω (psychō), meaning 'to breathe' or 'to blow', referring to the breath as the principle of life. It is related to the concept of breath as the essence of life.

G2873

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ko-POH

Translations: (to) toil, (to) labor, (to) trouble, (to) weariness, (to) a toil, (to) a labor, (to) a trouble, (to) a weariness

Notes: This word refers to toil, labor, or trouble, often implying a sense of weariness or exhaustion resulting from strenuous effort. It is used to describe hard work or the difficulties encountered in a task. As a dative case, it indicates the indirect object or the means by which something is done.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΟΧΘΟΣ, ΠΟΝΟΣ, ΚΑΜΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb κόπτω (koptō), meaning 'to strike, cut, or beat', which then developed the sense of 'to tire out' or 'to exhaust' through the idea of continuous striking or effort.

G0305

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-NEH-bee-sahn

Translations: they went up, they ascended, they climbed

Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist indicative form of the verb 'ΑΝΑΒΑΙΝΩ', meaning 'to go up', 'to ascend', or 'to climb'. It describes an action of moving upwards, often in the context of physical elevation, such as going up a mountain, a building, or to a city like Jerusalem, which was considered geographically higher. It can also be used metaphorically for rising in status or appearing.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ΑΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G4863

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-EEKH-theh-san

Translations: they were gathered, they assembled, they came together

Notes: This is a compound verb meaning to be gathered together or to assemble. It describes a group of people coming together in one place, often for a specific purpose or in response to an event. It is formed from the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ἄγω (agō), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΝΤΑΙ, ΣΥΝΕΛΘΟΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ἄγω (agō), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'. It describes the action of bringing or leading things or people together.

G4648

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: sko-PEE-ah

Translations: watch, a watch, watchtower, a watchtower, place of observation, a place of observation, lookout, a lookout

Notes: This word refers to a place from which one watches or observes, such as a watchtower, a lookout post, or a high place used for observation. It can also refer to the act of watching or keeping a lookout. It is used in contexts where vigilance or observation is key.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΗΡΗΣΙΣ, ΦΥΛΑΚΗ

Etymology: From the verb σκοπέω (skopeō), meaning 'to look at, behold, consider'. It refers to a place for looking or watching.

G2036

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EYE-po

Translations: I said, I spoke, I told, I commanded

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to say', 'to speak', or 'to tell'. It is often used to introduce direct or indirect speech, or to convey a command or instruction. It is an aorist form, indicating a completed action in the past.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΙΠΟ (eipo) is an aorist form of the verb ΛΕΓΩ (lego), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. Its origin can be traced back to Proto-Indo-European roots related to speaking or collecting.

G4139

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-see-oh

Translations: near, neighboring, a neighbor, the neighbor, one's neighbor

Notes: This word describes something or someone that is close by or in proximity. It is frequently used as a substantive noun to refer to a 'neighbor' or 'fellow human being', emphasizing the concept of proximity in relationships.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Neuter (ΠΛΗΣΙΟ is the neuter form of the adjective ΠΛΗΣΙΟΣ). It can also be a shortened form of the masculine/feminine nominative singular, or a vocative.

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΥΣ, ΓΕΙΤΩΝ

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G3748

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: HOS-tis

Translations: whoever, whatever, whichever, anyone who, anything which, everyone who, everything which

Notes: This is a compound relative pronoun, formed from the relative pronoun ὅς (who, which) and the indefinite pronoun τις (anyone, someone). It is used to introduce a relative clause and conveys a sense of indefiniteness or generality, meaning 'whoever' or 'whatever'. It can refer to persons or things and is used when the antecedent is not specific or is unknown.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΣ, ΟΣΠΕΡ

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AN

Translations: if, perhaps, whatever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, as soon as, until, before

Notes: This word is a conditional particle used to express possibility, contingency, or indefiniteness. It is often used with the subjunctive mood to form conditional clauses, indicating that an action or state is dependent on a certain condition. It can also be combined with other words to form indefinite relative pronouns or adverbs, such as 'whoever', 'whatever', or 'whenever'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΟΤΑΝ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The particle 'an' is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂en- meaning 'on, at'. It is an ancient Greek particle that has been used since classical times.

G1510

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ES-tai

Translations: will be, shall be, it will be, it shall be

Notes: This word is the third person singular future indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It signifies an action or state that will occur in the future. It is commonly used to express future existence, occurrence, or a future state of being, often translated as 'will be' or 'shall be'. For example, 'it will be done' or 'he will be there'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive (deponent in future)

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (to be). It is a very ancient and fundamental verb in the Greek language, tracing its roots back to the earliest stages of Indo-European.

G1519, G1520