2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G3004

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EYE-pahn

Translations: they said, they spoke

Notes: This word is a third-person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes an action of speaking or saying that occurred in the past and is viewed as a completed event. It is used to report what a group of people said.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ

Etymology: The verb 'λέγω' (legō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to collect, gather', which evolved to mean 'to pick out, count, tell, say' in Greek.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G2181

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: EF-ra-eem

Translations: Ephraim

Notes: Ephraim is a proper noun referring to a significant figure and tribe in the Old Testament. He was the second son of Joseph and the grandson of Jacob (Israel). The tribe of Ephraim became one of the most prominent and influential of the twelve tribes of Israel, often representing the northern kingdom of Israel as a whole. It is used to refer to the individual, his descendants, or the territory they inhabited.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Etymology: From Hebrew אֶפְרַיִם (ʾEfrayim), meaning 'fruitful' or 'doubly fruitful'.

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G4487

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: RHE-ma

Translations: word, a word, saying, a saying, thing, a thing, matter, a matter, utterance, an utterance

Notes: This word refers to something spoken, an utterance, a saying, or a word. It can also refer to a matter or a thing that is spoken about or decided. It is often used in contexts referring to divine pronouncements or significant statements.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΟΓΟΣ, ΕΠΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb ῥέω (rheō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to flow'. It refers to that which is spoken or uttered.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G3753

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OH-teh

Translations: when, whenever, at which time

Notes: This word functions as a temporal adverb or conjunction, indicating a point or period in time. It is used to introduce a clause that specifies when an action occurs or occurred, similar to 'when' or 'whenever' in English. It can refer to a specific past event or a general, recurring condition.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΗΝΙΚΑ, ΟΠΟΤΕ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (the) and the particle 'te' (then, at that time). It originally meant 'at that time when'.

G4198

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-por-EU-thees

Translations: you went, you walked, you traveled, you journeyed, you departed

Notes: This is the second person singular, aorist indicative, passive (or deponent middle) form of the verb 'πορεύομαι' (poreuomai). It means 'you went' or 'you walked' or 'you traveled'. Although morphologically passive, 'πορεύομαι' is a deponent verb, meaning it has a passive form but an active meaning. It describes the action of moving from one place to another, often with a specific destination or purpose in mind.

Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive (Deponent Middle)

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΥΠΑΓΩ

G3903

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pa-ra-TAX-as-thai

Translations: to arrange in battle array, to draw up in battle formation, to set in order for battle, to array oneself for battle

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'παρά' (para), meaning 'alongside' or 'beside', and 'τάσσω' (tasso), meaning 'to arrange' or 'to order'. It specifically refers to the act of arranging troops or forces in a battle line or formation. It is used to describe the preparation for combat, where soldiers are organized into ranks and files.

Inflection: Aorist, Infinitive, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΑΤΤΩ, ΤΑΣΣΩ

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EN

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.

G1256

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eh-LEK-san-toh

Translations: they discussed, they debated, they reasoned, they conversed

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb λέγομαι (legomai), meaning 'to speak' or 'to say'. Together, it means to speak through or with one another, implying a discussion, debate, or conversation. It describes an action where multiple people engage in verbal exchange, often involving reasoning or argument.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle/Passive, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΖΗΤΕΩ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΟΜΙΛΕΩ

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TON

Translations: him, it, them, himself, itself, the same

Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'him' or 'it' (singular), or 'them' (plural). It can also be used as an intensive pronoun, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. Additionally, when used with an article, it can function as an adjective meaning 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the context and whether it's used alone or with an article.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular; or Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOOS

Translations: them, themselves, him, it, the same

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ' (autos). In this specific form, it is used to mean 'them' or 'themselves' when referring to masculine plural nouns in the accusative case. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'the same' depending on the context and agreement with the noun it modifies. When used as a personal pronoun, it often refers back to a previously mentioned noun.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΥΣ, ΣΦΑΣ

G4160

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-POI-eh-sah

Translations: I did, I made, I created, I produced, I performed

Notes: This word is the first person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō). It signifies a completed action in the past, performed by the speaker. It is commonly used to express the act of doing, making, creating, or performing something. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'I made a house' or 'I did this work'.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

G3568, G3571

Part of Speech: Adverb, Noun

Sounds like: NOO

Translations: now, then, therefore, indeed, night, a night

Notes: This word, without diacritics, can represent two distinct Koine Greek words. It can be the adverb 'νῦν' (nyn), meaning 'now,' 'then,' 'therefore,' or 'indeed,' often used to emphasize a point or indicate a present or immediate state. It can also be the noun 'νύξ' (nyx), meaning 'night,' referring to the period of darkness between sunset and sunrise. The specific meaning depends on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Adverb (does not inflect); Noun (Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine)

Synonyms: ΑΡΤΙ, ΗΔΗ, ΕΣΠΕΡΑ

Etymology: ΝΥΝ (nyn) comes from Proto-Indo-European. ΝΥΞ (nyx) comes from Proto-Indo-European.

G2531

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: KAH-thohss

Translations: just as, even as, according as, as, exactly as, in proportion as, like, according to, inasmuch as

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'according to') and the adverb ὡς (hōs, meaning 'as' or 'how'). It functions as an adverb or conjunction, primarily used to introduce a comparison, indicating that something is done or happens in the same way as something else. It can also express correspondence or proportion, meaning 'inasmuch as' or 'to the extent that'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition κατά (kata, 'down, according to') and the adverb ὡς (hōs, 'as, how').

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G3780

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OO-khee

Translations: no, not, by no means, certainly not

Notes: This word is a strong negative particle, used to express an emphatic 'no' or 'not'. It is often used when the speaker expects a negative answer or wants to strongly deny something. It can stand alone as an answer or be used to negate a verb or a phrase, emphasizing the denial more strongly than a simple 'οὐ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΜΗ

Etymology: From οὐ (ou) and the enclitic particle χί (chi), which adds emphasis. It is a strengthened form of the simple negative particle οὐ.

G2921

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: KRIS-son

Translations: better, more excellent, more profitable, more advantageous

Notes: This word is the comparative form of the adjective 'κρισσος' (krissos), meaning 'good' or 'excellent'. As a comparative adjective, it signifies 'better' or 'more excellent'. It is used to indicate a higher degree of quality, advantage, or profitability when comparing two or more things. It can be used predicatively or attributively in a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΜΕΙΝΟΝ, ΚΡΕΙΤΤΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΚΡΙΣΣΟΣ (krissos) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the idea of 'choosing' or 'judging' what is good.

G5160

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: troo-GAY-tos

Translations: harvest, vintage, grape-gathering, a harvest, a vintage

Notes: This word refers to the act of gathering ripe crops, especially grapes, or the season when this activity takes place. It can also refer to the produce itself that is harvested. It is commonly used in contexts related to agriculture and the end of a growing season.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΘΕΡΙΣΜΟΣ, ΟΠΩΡΑ

Etymology: From τρυγάω (trygaō, "to gather, pluck") and -τος (-tos, a suffix forming verbal nouns). It refers to the act or result of gathering.

G0008

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-bee-EH-zer

Translations: Abiezer, (of) Abiezer

Notes: Abiezer is a proper noun, referring to a male personal name in ancient Hebrew, meaning 'my father is help'. In the provided context, the word 'ΑΒΙΕΖΕΡʼ' appears to be the genitive form of Abiezer, indicating possession or origin, likely referring to 'the harvest of Abiezer' or 'Abiezer's harvest'. The final apostrophe (keraia) indicates that this is a numeral, specifically the number 1, but in this context, it is clearly a proper noun, so the keraia is likely a scribal error or a non-standard notation for a proper noun that ends with a letter that could also be a numeral. Given the biblical context, it almost certainly refers to the person Abiezer.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: From Hebrew, meaning 'my father is help'. It refers to a biblical figure, a descendant of Manasseh and a leader in Israel.

G3860

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pah-reh-DOH-ken

Translations: handed over, delivered, gave up, betrayed, committed, entrusted

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΠΑΡΑ (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb ΔΙΔΩΜΙ (didomi), meaning 'to give'. It generally means to hand something over to someone, to deliver, or to give up. Depending on the context, it can also mean to betray someone, to commit something to someone's care, or to entrust. It is often used in the sense of delivering someone into custody or handing over a tradition.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΕΠΙΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ

G2962

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOO-ree-os

Translations: Lord, a Lord, Master, a Master, Sir, a Sir

Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a sacred name abbreviation, for ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (Kyrios). It refers to a supreme authority, master, or owner. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their divine authority and sovereignty. It can also be used as a respectful address, similar to 'Sir'.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *keu- meaning 'to swell, to be strong, to be powerful'. It refers to one who has power or authority.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G0758

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AR-khon-tas

Translations: rulers, leaders, princes, chief officials, magistrates

Notes: This word refers to those in positions of authority or power, such as rulers, leaders, or magistrates. It is used to describe individuals who hold a prominent or governing role within a community or system. In the provided context, it appears to refer to people who are in a state or condition, or who are present, rather than specifically 'rulers'. However, the primary meaning of the root word is 'ruler'. Given the context, it seems to be a participle of the verb 'υπάρχω' (to be, to exist, to be present), which would be 'υπάρχοντας'. If it is indeed 'ΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ' as a standalone word, it would mean 'rulers'. However, the example usage strongly suggests it's part of 'ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ', which is a present active participle, accusative plural, meaning 'being' or 'existing'. If the input 'ΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ' is a typo for 'ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ', then it means 'those who are' or 'being'. If it is truly 'ΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ', it means 'rulers'. Given the context, it is highly probable that 'ΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ' is a misspelling or a fragment of 'ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ'.

Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine (if from ΑΡΧΩΝ); or Present Active Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine/Feminine/Neuter (if from ΥΠΑΡΧΩ)

Synonyms: ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΣΤΗΣ

G5605

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: OH-reb

Translations: Oreb, Horeb

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to a specific person or place. In the provided context, it refers to Oreb, a Midianite prince, and Horeb, another name for Mount Sinai. The apostrophe-like character (keraia) at the end of 'ΩΡΗΒʼ' indicates that it is being used as a numeral, representing the number 800. However, in the provided context, it is clearly a proper noun, so the keraia is likely a scribal mark or a variant spelling rather than indicating a numerical value. It is most commonly known as the name of a Midianite prince mentioned in the Book of Judges, and also as an alternative name for Mount Sinai, where Moses received the Ten Commandments.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The name Oreb (ΩΡΗΒ) is of Hebrew origin, from the Hebrew word עֹרֵב (ʿōrēḇ), meaning 'raven' or 'desolation'. It refers to a Midianite prince. Horeb (also ΩΡΗΒ) is also of Hebrew origin, חֹרֵב (Ḥōrēḇ), meaning 'dry' or 'desert'. It is an alternative name for Mount Sinai.

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G5210

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: hoo-MEES

Translations: you, to you, for you, by you, with you

Notes: This word is a second-person plural pronoun. Without diacritics, it most commonly represents either the nominative form 'ὑμεῖς' (you) or the dative form 'ὑμῖν' (to/for/by/with you). Its specific meaning in a sentence depends on the grammatical case it represents, which is often determined by context or the presence of prepositions. It refers to a group of people being addressed.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Dative

Etymology: The word 'ὑμεῖς' (hymeis) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *yuH- (you). It is the plural form of the second-person pronoun.

G5119

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TOH-teh

Translations: then, at that time, at that moment, thereupon, therefore

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that time'. It is used to indicate a point in time, often referring to a past or future event that follows another. It can also be used to introduce a consequence or result, similar to 'therefore' or 'in that case'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΤΕ is a primary adverb, meaning it is not derived from another word in Greek. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'το' (this/that).

G0390

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-NEH-thay

Translations: was offered, was dedicated, was set up, was placed, was laid up, was presented, was given up, was released, was lifted up, was taken up, was raised

Notes: This word is the aorist passive indicative, third person singular form of the verb 'ανατιθημι' (anatithemi). It describes an action that was completed in the past, where something was offered, dedicated, or set up. It can also mean to be released or lifted up, depending on the context. The passive voice indicates that the subject of the verb is receiving the action, rather than performing it.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Indicative, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ΑΝΑΦΕΡΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The verb 'ανατιθημι' is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ανα' (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb 'τιθημι' (tithemi), meaning 'to put' or 'to place'. Thus, its core meaning relates to placing something up or setting it aside.

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: AP

Translations: from, away from, off, out of, by, with

Notes: This is a common Greek preposition that indicates separation, origin, or cause. It means 'from' or 'away from' and is often used to show the source of something, the point from which an action begins, or the agent by which something is done. When used as a prefix (ΑΠ- or ΑΠΟ-), it intensifies the idea of separation or completion, often meaning 'off, away, back, completely'. For example, in 'ἀποστέλλω' (apostellō), it means 'to send away'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἀπό (apo) comes from Proto-Indo-European *apo-, meaning 'off, away'. It is a very ancient and common preposition found across many Indo-European languages.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-ton

Translations: this, this one, him, it

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, used to point out something specific that is near in proximity, time, or thought, or something that has just been mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand in for a noun, meaning 'this one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'this' (e.g., 'this house'). In this form, it is masculine singular and in the accusative case, meaning it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΝ

G2064

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EEL-then

Translations: he came, she came, it came, he went, she went, it went

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'he/she/it came' or 'he/she/it went'. It is the third person singular aorist indicative active form of the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), which means 'to come' or 'to go'. It describes a completed action of movement in the past.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΗΚΕΝ, ΕΒΗ

Etymology: The verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to move' or 'to go'.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: EP-ee

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, by, for, concerning, during, after, of, a

Notes: This word is a very common preposition and adverb in Koine Greek. As a preposition, its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on,' 'upon,' 'over,' 'in the time of,' or 'concerning.' With the dative case, it can mean 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' 'for,' or 'in addition to.' With the accusative case, it typically means 'to,' 'against,' 'upon,' 'over,' or 'for the purpose of.' It is also frequently used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'upon,' 'over,' 'to,' or 'in addition.'

Inflection: Governs Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases. Does not inflect itself.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡ, ΚΑΤΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G2446

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-or-DAH-nane

Translations: Jordan, the Jordan

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΙΟΡΔΑΝΗΝ (Iordanēn), the accusative singular form of the proper noun ΙΟΡΔΑΝΗΣ (Iordanēs). It refers to the Jordan River, a significant geographical feature in the Middle East, frequently mentioned in biblical texts. It is used to indicate movement towards or across the Jordan River.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The name 'Jordan' is of Hebrew origin, from the word Yarden (יַרְדֵּן), meaning 'descender' or 'to descend', referring to the river's rapid descent.

G1223

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-EH-bee

Translations: crossed over, passed through, went through, went across

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and the verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. It describes the action of moving from one side to another, typically across a physical barrier like a river, sea, or boundary. It is often used in narratives to describe someone crossing a geographical feature.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΕΡΑΩ, ΔΙΑΠΕΡΑΩ

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very, a same, the same

Notes: This word functions as both a pronoun and an adjective. As a pronoun, it can mean 'he, she, it' (third person personal pronoun) or be used intensively to mean 'himself, herself, itself, themselves'. When used as an adjective, it means 'the same' or 'the very'. Its meaning depends on its position and context within a sentence. For example, when used attributively with an article (e.g., ὁ αὐτὸς), it means 'the same'. When used predicatively or without an article, it often has an intensive meaning ('he himself').

Inflection: Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter; Singular or Plural; Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ew-to- (self, same).

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to

Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G1377

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-OH-kon-tes

Translations: pursuing, persecuting, chasing, following, those who pursue, those who persecute

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to pursue' or 'to persecute'. It describes an action of actively following after someone or something, either in a literal chase or in a hostile sense of persecution. It can also mean to earnestly seek or strive for something. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, but also carries the action of a verb.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΔΙΩΚΩ, ΚΑΤΑΔΙΩΞΙΣ, ΚΑΤΑΔΙΩΓΜΟΣ

G3642

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: oh-lee-gop-see-KHOON-tes

Translations: fainthearted, discouraged, despondent, timid, lacking courage

Notes: This word describes someone who is fainthearted, lacking courage, or easily discouraged. It is a compound word formed from 'ὀλίγος' (oligos, meaning 'little' or 'few') and 'ψυχή' (psyche, meaning 'soul' or 'spirit'), literally meaning 'little-souled' or 'small-spirited'. It is used to describe those who are weak in spirit or easily give up.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΕΙΛΟΙ, ΑΘΥΜΟΙ

Etymology: The verb ὀλιγοψυχέω (oligopsycheō) is derived from the adjective ὀλιγόψυχος (oligopsychos), which combines ὀλίγος (oligos, 'little, few') and ψυχή (psyche, 'soul, spirit'). It describes a state of having a small or weak spirit.

G1325

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: DOH-teh

Translations: give, grant, allow, entrust, deliver

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to give' or 'to grant'. It is used as a command or an exhortation, instructing someone or a group of people to perform the action of giving. It can also imply entrusting something to someone or delivering something.

Inflection: Second Person Plural, Aorist Active, Imperative

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΔΩΜΙ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *deh₃-, meaning 'to give'. It is a reduplicated verb, a common feature in ancient Greek verbs.

G1519, G1520

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one

Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'

Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).

G2992

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: lah-OH

Translations: people, a people, nation, a nation

Notes: This word refers to a people, a nation, or a multitude of individuals, often used in the context of a specific group or community, such as the people of Israel or the people of God. It can be used to describe a general populace or a distinct ethnic or national group.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΟΧΛΟΣ

Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to λᾶς (lās, "stone"), referring to people as "stones" or "foundations." It is also suggested to be from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂w- ("people, army").

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: (to) this, (for) this, (by) this, (in) this, (with) this

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'that'. In its dative singular form, as 'ΤΟΥΤΩ', it indicates the indirect object of an action, or the means, instrument, or location. It can be translated as 'to this', 'for this', 'by this', 'in this', or 'with this', depending on the context. It points to something specific that is near or recently mentioned.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G1631

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-lee-POO-sin

Translations: they will fail, they will cease, they will come to an end, they will faint, they will die, they will be wanting, they will be lacking

Notes: This word describes something coming to an end, failing, or ceasing to exist. It can refer to a physical decline, such as fainting or dying, or to the cessation of a process or supply, indicating something is lacking or running out. It is often used in contexts where something is exhausted or disappears.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Future Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΠΑΥΩ, ΤΕΛΕΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐκ (ek, "out of") and λείπω (leipō, "to leave, to abandon"). It literally means "to leave out" or "to leave off," leading to the sense of failing or ceasing.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EYE-mee

Translations: to be, I am, you are, he is, she is, it is, we are, they are, to exist, to happen, to occur, to come to pass

Notes: This is the Greek verb 'to be', one of the most fundamental verbs in the language. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being. It can function as a linking verb, connecting the subject to a predicate noun or adjective, or it can indicate simple existence or occurrence. Its meaning often depends on the context and the case of the noun or pronoun it accompanies.

Inflection: Infinitive or First Person Singular Present Active Indicative. It is a highly irregular verb with many forms for person, number, tense, mood, and voice.

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'eimi' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is a very ancient and fundamental verb found across many Indo-European languages.

G1377

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-OH-kohn

Translations: pursuing, persecuting, chasing, following, striving after, one who pursues, he who pursues

Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'διώκω'. It describes an action that is ongoing or habitual. It can mean to pursue, chase, or follow, often with the intent to catch or overtake. It can also mean to persecute or harass, or to strive after something, like a goal or ideal. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone who is performing the action of pursuing or persecuting.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΔΙΩΚΩ, ΚΥΝΗΓΕΩ, ΕΠΙΔΙΩΚΩ

G2036

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EYE-pon

Translations: I said, I spoke, said, spoke

Notes: This word is an aorist form of the verb 'to say' or 'to speak'. It indicates a completed action in the past, often translated as 'I said' or 'I spoke'. It is a common verb used to report direct or indirect speech.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ

Etymology: The aorist stem εἶπον (eîpon) is a suppletive form, meaning it comes from a different root than the present tense forms of 'to say' (like λέγω). It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *wekw-, meaning 'to speak'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G3756, G3757

Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G2962

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOO-ree-ON

Translations: Lord, a Lord

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΚΥΡΙΟΝ (KYRION), meaning 'Lord'. It is the accusative singular form of ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (KYRIOS), which means 'Lord' or 'Master'. It is used to refer to God or Jesus Christ, or sometimes to a human master or owner. In the provided context, it is used with the accusative article 'ΤΟΝ', indicating it is the direct object of a verb.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ

Etymology: From ΚΥΡΟΣ (KYROS), meaning 'power' or 'authority'. It refers to one who has power or authority, hence 'lord' or 'master'.

G0001

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-KAN-thais

Translations: thorns, thistles, prickles

Notes: This word refers to thorns, thistles, or any prickly plant. It is often used metaphorically to describe difficulties, troubles, or things that hinder growth or progress, much like thorns can choke out good plants. It can also refer to the sharp points or spines themselves.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΡΙΒΟΛΟΙ, ΣΚΟΛΟΠΕΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΑΚΑΝΘΑ' (akantha) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to the verb 'ακίζω' (akizo), meaning 'to sharpen'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G2047

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: eh-REH-moo

Translations: of a desert, of a wilderness, of a desolate place, of a solitary place, a desert, a wilderness, a desolate place, a solitary place

Notes: This word refers to a desolate, uninhabited, or solitary place, often translated as 'desert' or 'wilderness'. It can also be used as an adjective meaning 'desolate' or 'deserted'. In the provided examples, it is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, such as 'from the wilderness' or 'through the desert'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΡΗΜΙΑ, ΕΡΗΜΟΣ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-bar-KAY-neen

Translations: to thresh, to tear, to lacerate, to flay

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to thresh,' 'to tear,' 'to lacerate,' or 'to flay.' It describes the action of severely damaging or tearing something, often with a violent or harsh motion, similar to how grain is threshed or skin is flayed. It is used to describe a forceful and destructive action.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΔΕΡΕΙΝ, ΞΑΙΝΕΙΝ, ΤΙΛΛΕΙΝ

Etymology: This word is likely a variant or a less common form related to the concept of threshing or tearing, possibly derived from a root associated with 'bark' or 'skin' in the sense of stripping it off. Its precise etymology is not widely documented in standard Koine Greek lexicons, suggesting it might be a rare or specialized term.

G0305

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-NEH-bee

Translations: he went up, she went up, it went up, he ascended, she ascended, it ascended, he came up, she came up, it came up, he climbed, she climbed, it climbed

Notes: This word describes the action of going up, ascending, or climbing. It is a past tense form, specifically indicating a completed action in the past. It can be used to describe a person or thing moving upwards, such as ascending a mountain, going up to a city, or rising from a lower place.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ

G5323

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: fah-noo-AYL

Translations: Penuel, Phanuel

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to a specific place or person. In the Old Testament, Penuel (or Phanuel) is a place where Jacob wrestled with God. It also refers to a person, an angel or a prophet, depending on the context. The apostrophe at the end (keraia) indicates that this is a number, but in this context, it is clearly a proper noun, so the keraia is likely a scribal mark or a variant spelling.

Inflection: Singular, Does not inflect (as a proper noun)

Etymology: The name Phanuel is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'face of God' or 'vision of God'. It is a compound of 'panim' (face) and 'El' (God).

G5615

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: oh-SAH-tooce

Translations: likewise, in like manner, similarly, even so

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'likewise' or 'in the same way'. It is used to indicate that something is done or happens in a similar manner to what has just been mentioned. It can connect ideas or actions that share a common characteristic or method.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΜΟΙΩΣ, ΠΑΡΑΠΛΗΣΙΩΣ

Etymology: From the conjunction ΩΣ (as) and the pronoun ΑΥΤΟΣ (self, same). It literally means 'as the same' or 'in the same way'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) them, (for) him, (for) her, (for) it, (for) them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, the same

Notes: This word is a personal pronoun that can also function as an adjective. In its pronominal use, it typically means 'him', 'her', 'it', or 'them', depending on the gender and number. When used intensively, it can mean 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. As an adjective, it means 'the same'. The form ΑΥΤΩ is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a demonstrative pronominal stem. It is a fundamental pronoun in Greek, used across various dialects and periods.

G3004

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-GOHN

Translations: saying, speaking, telling

Notes: ΛΕΓΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech, functioning similarly to 'saying' or 'speaking' in English. For example, it might be translated as 'he came saying...' or 'they decreed, speaking...'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking or declaring.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ, ΕΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word λέγω (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', perhaps from the idea of 'picking out words'.

G1994

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ep-ee-strof-EE

Translations: return, a return, conversion, a conversion, turning, a turning

Notes: This word refers to the act of turning around, returning, or a spiritual conversion. It signifies a change of direction, either physically or metaphorically, often implying a turning away from one path or state and towards another. In a spiritual context, it denotes a turning to God or a change of heart.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑΝΟΙΑ, ΑΝΑΣΤΡΟΦΗ

Etymology: Derived from the verb ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ (epistrephō), meaning 'to turn back, return, convert'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon, to, toward', and the verb ΣΤΡΕΦΩ (strephō), meaning 'to turn'.

G1515

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ei-REE-nes

Translations: of peace, of quietness, of rest, of prosperity

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'eirene,' meaning peace. It refers to a state of tranquility, quietness, rest, or prosperity. In Koine Greek, the genitive case often indicates possession, origin, or a relationship 'of' something. Thus, 'eirenes' would typically be translated as 'of peace' or 'belonging to peace,' indicating a quality or state associated with peace.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΗΕΡΕΜΙΑΣ, ΑΝΑΠΑΥΣΙΣ

G2692

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-SKAP-soh

Translations: I will demolish, I will tear down, I will overthrow, I will destroy

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning to dig down, to demolish completely, or to overthrow. It is used to describe the act of utterly destroying a structure, city, or even a foundation, often implying a thorough and irreversible destruction. It can be used in a literal sense for buildings or metaphorically for systems or power structures.

Inflection: Future Active Indicative, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ΕΚΡΙΖΟΩ

H7152

Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Noun

Sounds like: KAR-kah

Translations: Karkaa, Karkar, a fruit, fruits

Notes: This word appears to be a geographical place name, Karkaa or Karkar, mentioned in the Old Testament as a location in the southern border of Judah. However, in some contexts, particularly with a slight variation (ΚΑΡΚΑΡΠΟΥϹ), it can refer to 'fruits' or 'produce', likely a misspelling or variant of ΚΑΡΠΟΣ (KARPOS). Given the provided examples, it primarily refers to the place name.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a proper noun); or Plural, Accusative, Masculine (as a variant of 'fruits')

Etymology: The place name Karkaa is of Hebrew origin, from the root קרקר (qarqar), meaning 'level ground' or 'foundation'. The word for 'fruit' (ΚΑΡΠΟΣ) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek.

G3925

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: par-em-bo-LEE

Translations: camp, an army, a barracks, a fortress, a castle, a camp of Israel, a military camp

Notes: This word refers to a military camp, an encampment, or an army itself. It can also denote a barracks, a fortress, or a castle, particularly in the context of a fortified place where soldiers reside. In the New Testament, it is often used to refer to the Roman barracks in Jerusalem or the camp of Israel in the wilderness.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΟΠΕΔΟΝ, ΦΡΟΥΡΙΟΝ

Etymology: This word is a compound of 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and 'ἐμβολή' (embolē), meaning 'an insertion' or 'a thrusting in'. Together, it refers to a place where something is thrown or placed alongside, hence an encampment or camp.

G5616

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OH-say

Translations: as if, as, like, about, approximately, some, nearly

Notes: ΩΣΕΙ is an adverb or conjunction used to indicate comparison, approximation, or similarity. It can mean "as if," "like," "about," or "approximately." It is often used to describe a quantity or duration that is not exact, or to introduce a hypothetical situation.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΠΕΡΙΠΟΥ

Etymology: From the Greek word ὡς (hōs), meaning "as" or "like," combined with the particle εἰ (ei), meaning "if."

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AH-po

Translations: from, away from, by, of, out of, because of, by means of

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or cause. It is always followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case. It can mean 'from' in the sense of moving away from a place, 'from' in the sense of origin or source, or 'by' when indicating the agent or cause of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab and English off.

G1921

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: eh-peh-GNO-koh-tess

Translations: having known, having recognized, having understood, having become fully acquainted with

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, masculine plural, nominative case, derived from the verb ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ (epiginōskō). The verb itself is a compound of ΕΠΙ (epi, 'upon' or 'in addition to') and ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ (ginōskō, 'to know'). It signifies a deeper, more complete, or more accurate knowledge than simple 'knowing'. It often implies recognition, full understanding, or becoming fully acquainted with something or someone, often through experience or observation. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has been completed in the past and has ongoing relevance, often translated as 'having known' or 'having recognized'.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΟΙΔΑ

G4098

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: pep-TOH-ko-tes

Translations: fallen ones, those who have fallen, having fallen

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning 'having fallen' or 'those who have fallen'. It describes a state of having completed the action of falling. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a substantive (a noun) referring to the people or things that have fallen. For example, it could refer to soldiers who have fallen in battle or idols that have fallen down.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΕΣΟΝΤΕΣ, ΚΑΤΑΠΕΣΟΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΙΠΤΩ (piptō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to fall'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that also convey the sense of falling or dropping.

G4685

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: SPO-meh-no

Translations: to draw, to pull, to tear, to tear off, to tear away, to draw out, to pull out

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'σπάω' (spaō), meaning to draw, pull, or tear. It describes the action of forcibly removing something, such as drawing a sword or tearing something apart. The specific form 'σπωμενω' is likely a misspelling or a very rare variant, as the common forms would be 'σπώμεν' (first person plural present subjunctive active) or 'σπωμένων' (genitive plural participle). Given the context of ancient manuscripts lacking diacritics, it's possible this represents a form like 'σπωμένων' (spōmenōn), meaning 'of those being drawn/torn away'.

Inflection: Likely a misspelling or variant. If it were 'σπωμένων' (spōmenōn), it would be Participle, Present, Middle/Passive, Genitive, Plural, All genders. If it were 'σπώμεν' (spōmen), it would be Verb, Present, Subjunctive, Active, First Person, Plural.

Synonyms: ΕΛΚΩ, ΑΠΟΣΠΩ

G0305

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nah-BAH-ee-noh

Translations: go up, ascend, come up, climb, mount

Notes: The word "ΝΑΒΑΙ" appears to be a misspelling or a phonetic transcription of the Koine Greek verb "ἀναβαίνω" (anabainō). The verb "ἀναβαίνω" means to go up, ascend, or come up. It is often used to describe movement upwards, such as climbing a mountain, going up to a city, or ascending into heaven. It can also refer to things growing up, like plants, or people coming up out of water.

Inflection: Imperative, Aorist, Active, Second Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G4441

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-PY-thoo-ee-ah

Translations: having learned, having heard, having inquired, having ascertained

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, feminine, singular, nominative, derived from the verb 'πυνθάνομαι' (punthanomai), meaning 'to learn by inquiry, to ascertain, to hear, to inquire'. It describes a state of having completed the action of learning or inquiring, and it functions as an adjective modifying a feminine noun in the nominative case. It implies a state of knowledge gained through investigation or hearing.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Singular, Feminine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΜΑΘΟΥΣΑ, ΑΚΟΥΣΑΣΑ

G1377

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DEE-ox-en

Translations: he pursued, he chased, he persecuted, he followed, he ran after

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to pursue,' 'to chase,' 'to persecute,' or 'to follow.' It describes an action of moving quickly after someone or something, either with hostile intent (persecution) or with the aim of catching or reaching them. It can also mean to strive for or earnestly seek something.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΔΙΩΚΩ, ΔΙΩΓΜΟΣ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary verb δίω (diō), meaning 'to flee' or 'to put to flight.' The root sense is to move rapidly.

G2902

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-RAH-tay-sen

Translations: he held, he took hold of, he seized, he grasped, he prevailed, he retained, he kept, he arrested, he apprehended

Notes: This word is the aorist indicative active third person singular form of the verb 'krateo'. It describes an action that happened in the past, indicating that 'he', 'she', or 'it' took hold of something, seized it, or gained control over it. It can also mean to prevail or to keep something firmly.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

G1839

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-ES-tay-sen

Translations: he was amazed, he was astonished, he was beside himself, he went out of his mind

Notes: This word describes a state of being utterly amazed, astonished, or even beside oneself, as if one has been taken out of their normal state of mind. It signifies a strong emotional reaction, often to something extraordinary or shocking. It can also imply a loss of self-control or rationality due to overwhelming emotion.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΘΑΥΜΑΖΩ, ΕΚΠΛΗΣΣΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΞΙΣΤΗΜΙ (existēmi) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of', and ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'. Thus, it literally means 'to stand out of' or 'to put out of place', which evolved to mean 'to be out of one's mind' or 'to be amazed'.

G1994

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-es-TREP-sen

Translations: he returned, he turned back, he converted, he turned around

Notes: This word is the aorist (simple past) tense, third person singular form of the verb 'epistrephō'. It means 'he returned', 'he turned back', or 'he converted'. It describes an action of turning around, either physically to go back to a place, or metaphorically to change one's course of action, belief, or allegiance, often implying a turning to God or a change of heart.

Inflection: Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΣΤΡΕΦΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (EPI), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb ΣΤΡΕΦΩ (STREPHO), meaning 'to turn'. Thus, it literally means 'to turn upon' or 'to turn towards'.

G5207

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: HUI-os

Translations: son, a son

Notes: This word refers to a male offspring, a son. It is a masculine noun and is commonly used to denote a direct descendant or, in a broader sense, someone who shares a close relationship or characteristic with another, such as 'sons of God' or 'sons of disobedience'. It can also refer to a young man or a male child.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΠΑΙΣ

Etymology: From an unused root, probably meaning 'to beget'. It is related to the concept of generation and lineage.

G3913

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pah-rah-TAH-kseh-ohs

Translations: of battle array, of battle line, of battle, of array, of order

Notes: This word refers to the arrangement of troops for battle, a battle line, or the act of drawing up an army in formation. It can also refer more generally to an array or order. In a sentence, it would describe something belonging to or related to a military formation or a state of readiness for conflict.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΑΞΙΣ, ΣΥΝΤΑΞΙΣ, ΜΑΧΗ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΡΑΤΑΞΙΣ is derived from the verb παρατάσσω (paratassō), meaning 'to arrange side by side' or 'to draw up in battle array'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and τάσσω (tassō), meaning 'to arrange' or 'to order'.

G4815

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-LAH-ben

Translations: conceived, became pregnant, arrested, caught, helped, assisted

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to conceive' (become pregnant), 'to seize' or 'to arrest' (to take hold of something or someone), or 'to help' or 'to assist'. Its meaning depends on the context. In the provided examples, it clearly refers to conceiving a child. It is formed from the preposition 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΣΥΛΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΣΥΝΕΧΩ

G3813

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pai-DEE-on

Translations: child, a child, infant, an infant, little child, a little child

Notes: This word refers to a young child or an infant. It is a diminutive form of the word 'παῖς' (pais), meaning 'child' or 'servant', emphasizing the smallness or tenderness of the child. It can be used generally to refer to any young person, often implying innocence or youth.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΒΡΕΦΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek 'παιδίον' (paidíon), a diminutive of 'παῖς' (paîs, “child, boy, servant”).

G1125

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EG-rap-sen

Translations: he wrote, she wrote, it wrote

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to write'. It is in the past tense, indicating an action that was completed at a specific point in the past. It refers to the action of a single person or thing (he, she, or it) performing the writing.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΡΑΦΩ, ΑΝΑΓΡΑΦΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΩ

Etymology: The word ΓΡΑΦΩ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *gerbh-, meaning 'to scratch, to carve'. It originally referred to scratching or carving marks, which evolved into the meaning of writing.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OW-toh

Translations: him, it, himself, itself, the same, this, that, of him, of it, to him, to it

Notes: ΑΥΤΟ is an inflected form of the third-person pronoun or demonstrative adjective ΑΥΤΟΣ. As a pronoun, it refers to 'him', 'her', or 'it', depending on gender and number. As an adjective, it can mean 'the same' or 'this/that very one'. It can also be used intensively to emphasize the subject, meaning 'himself' or 'itself'. Its meaning often depends on its position in the sentence relative to the noun it modifies.

Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G3739

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OYS

Translations: to whom, to which, to what

Notes: This word is a relative pronoun, meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what'. It is used to introduce a relative clause, connecting it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It indicates the indirect object of the verb in the relative clause, showing to whom or to what an action is directed. It can refer to people or things and is used for all genders.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ὉΠΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun and is a common form for relative pronouns across Indo-European languages.

G2983

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EH-lah-ben

Translations: he took, she took, it took, he received, she received, it received, he got, she got, it got

Notes: This is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, meaning 'to take,' 'to receive,' or 'to get.' It describes a completed action in the past performed by a single subject (he, she, or it). For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He took the book' or 'She received the gift.'

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ

G4245

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pres-by-TEH-roos

Translations: elders, old men, presbyters

Notes: This word refers to older men, often those who hold positions of authority, leadership, or respect within a community or religious group. In a Christian context, it can specifically refer to church leaders or presbyters. It is used here in the accusative case, indicating that the elders are the direct object of an action.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΓΕΡΟΝΤΕΣ, ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΑΙ

Etymology: From πρέσβυς (presbys, “old, elder”), which is related to πρό (pro, “before”) and possibly to βῆμα (bēma, “step, pace”). It originally referred to an older person and later to an ambassador or delegate, and then to an elder or leader.

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-rah-kee-NEEM

Translations: thorns, a thorn

Notes: This word appears to be a variant or misspelling of the Hebrew word בַּרְקָנִים (barqanim), which means 'thorns' or 'briers'. It is likely used to describe thorny plants or a thorny area. The final apostrophe (keraia) indicates that it is a number, but in this context, it is more likely a coronis indicating an elision or a scribal mark, as the word itself is a plural noun.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΚΑΝΘΑΙ

Etymology: This word is a transliteration of the Hebrew word בַּרְקָנִים (barqanim), meaning 'thorns' or 'briers'. It is derived from a root meaning 'to prick' or 'to tear'.

G0001

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ay-LO-ay-sen

Translations: he threshed, he trod out, he beat out

Notes: This word is the aorist active indicative, third person singular form of the verb 'αλοεω' (aloeo). It describes the action of threshing grain, which involves treading on it or beating it to separate the grain from the husks. It can also be used metaphorically to mean 'to beat out' or 'to trample'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΑΤΕΩ, ΚΟΠΤΩ

Etymology: The verb 'αλοεω' (aloeo) is derived from 'αλως' (halos), meaning 'threshing floor'. It describes the action performed on a threshing floor.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOY

Translations: they, themselves, to them, for them, to themselves, for themselves

Notes: This word is a pronoun that can function as a personal pronoun (they, them) or a reflexive pronoun (themselves). It can also be used to emphasize a noun, meaning 'the very' or 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the case and context. For example, in the nominative case, it typically means 'they' or 'themselves', while in the dative case, it means 'to them' or 'for them'.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Dative

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΙ, ΟΥΤΟΙ

G3667

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: oh-MOY-oh-mah

Translations: likeness, a likeness, resemblance, a resemblance, form, a form, image, an image, copy, a copy

Notes: This word refers to something that is similar to or resembles another thing, often implying a close correspondence in form or nature. It can denote a copy, an image, or a representation. It is used to describe something that is made in the likeness of something else, or that bears a strong resemblance to it.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΙΚΩΝ, ΤΥΠΟΣ, ΜΟΡΦΗ

Etymology: From the Greek verb ὁμοιόω (homoioō), meaning 'to make like' or 'to resemble', which itself comes from ὅμοιος (homoios), meaning 'like' or 'similar'.

G0080

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-del-FOY

Translations: brothers, fellow believers, countrymen, kinsmen

Notes: This word refers to brothers, either by blood or in a broader sense, such as fellow countrymen, kinsmen, or members of the same community or faith. It is a compound word formed from 'α-' (a-, meaning 'together' or 'same') and 'δελφύς' (delphys, meaning 'womb'), literally meaning 'from the same womb'. It is commonly used to address a group of male individuals who share a close bond or common origin.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΔΕΛΦΟΙ, ΣΥΓΓΕΝΕΙΣ, ΟΜΟΦΥΛΟΙ

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: AY-sahn

Translations: they were, they had been

Notes: ΗΣΑΝ is an inflected form of the verb 'ΕΙΜΙ' (eimi), meaning 'to be'. Specifically, it is the third person plural imperfect indicative form. It describes an ongoing or continuous state or action in the past, often translated as 'they were' or 'they used to be'. It is commonly used to describe the state or existence of multiple subjects in a past context.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Indicative

Etymology: The Koine Greek verb ΕΙΜΙ (eimi) derives from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is one of the most fundamental and frequently used verbs in the language, indicating existence, state, or identity.

G3660

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: OH-moh-sen

Translations: he swore, she swore, it swore, he took an oath, she took an oath, it took an oath

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to swear' or 'to take an oath'. It describes the act of making a solemn promise, often invoking a divine witness or a sacred object. It is typically used in contexts where someone is making a binding declaration or commitment.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΟΡΚΙΖΩ, ΕΠΙΟΡΚΕΩ

Etymology: The root verb ΟΜΝΥΜΙ (OMNYMI) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to bind' or 'to confirm'.

G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: AY

Translations: if, whether, that, if indeed, if then, you are, be

Notes: This word has two primary uses in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it functions as a conditional particle meaning 'if', introducing a condition or a question. It can also be the second person singular present indicative active form of the verb 'to be', meaning 'you are' or 'be'. The context of the sentence determines which meaning is intended.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a conjunction); Second Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active (as a verb)

Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΕΙΠΕΡ, ΕΣΤΙΝ

Etymology: The conjunction 'εἰ' comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'if' or 'whether'. The verb form 'εἰ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root for 'to be'.

G2225

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-zoh-oh-goh-nee-KAY-tee

Translations: you had preserved alive, you had saved alive, you had given life, you had kept alive

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to preserve alive,' 'to save alive,' or 'to give life.' It combines the concepts of 'life' (ζωός) and 'to beget' or 'to cause to be' (γονεύς/γίνομαι). It describes an action completed in the past before another past action, emphasizing the preservation or giving of life. It can be used in contexts where someone has rescued or sustained life.

Inflection: 2nd Person Plural, Indicative, Pluperfect, Active

Synonyms: ΣΩΖΩ, ΔΙΑΣΩΖΩ, ΖΩΟΠΟΙΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΖΩΟΓΟΝΕΩ is a compound of ΖΩΟΣ (zoos), meaning 'living' or 'alive,' and the root of ΓΟΝΕΥΣ (goneus), meaning 'parent' or 'begetter,' or ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai), meaning 'to become' or 'to be born.' Thus, it literally means 'to beget life' or 'to cause to be alive.'

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express negation. It typically precedes a word beginning with a vowel or is used at the end of a clause. It is used to deny a fact or to express a strong prohibition. It is often used with verbs to negate their action, meaning 'not' or 'no'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΧΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a primary negative particle in Ancient Greek, related to similar negative particles in other Indo-European languages.

G0302

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AN

Translations: if, perhaps, whatever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, as soon as, until, before

Notes: This word is a conditional particle used to express possibility, contingency, or indefiniteness. It is often used with the subjunctive mood to form conditional clauses, indicating that an action or state is dependent on a certain condition. It can also be combined with other words to form indefinite relative pronouns or adverbs, such as 'whoever', 'whatever', or 'whenever'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΟΤΑΝ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The particle 'an' is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂en- meaning 'on, at'. It is an ancient Greek particle that has been used since classical times.

G0450

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-nah-STAS

Translations: having risen, rising, standing up, having stood up, having appeared, appearing, having been raised, being raised

Notes: This word is the masculine singular nominative active aorist participle of the verb 'ἀνίστημι' (anistēmi). It describes an action that has already occurred or is completed in relation to the main verb, indicating someone or something that has risen, stood up, or been raised. It is often used to refer to resurrection or a general act of rising.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Active, Aorist Participle

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΑΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ

G3501

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: neh-OH-teh-ross

Translations: younger, newest, youngest, newer

Notes: This word is the comparative and superlative form of the adjective 'ΝΕΟΣ' (neos), meaning 'new' or 'young'. As a comparative, it means 'younger' or 'newer'. As a superlative, it means 'youngest' or 'newest'. It is used to describe someone or something that is more recent in age or time compared to others, or the most recent among a group.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Comparative or Superlative

Synonyms: ΝΕΟΣ, ΠΡΩΤΟΣ

G0450

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-NAH-stah

Translations: having stood up, having risen, having caused to rise, having raised up, having appeared

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle form of the verb 'anistemi', meaning 'to stand up' or 'to rise'. It describes an action that has already occurred, indicating someone or something that has completed the act of rising or being raised. It can refer to physical rising, resurrection, or the appearance of a person or thing.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΟΡΘΟΩ

G1411

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DOO-nah-mees

Translations: power, might, strength, ability, miracle, a power, a miracle

Notes: This word refers to inherent power, ability, or strength, often implying a capacity for action or accomplishment. It can describe physical strength, moral power, or even miraculous power, especially when referring to divine power or acts of God. It is frequently used in the New Testament to denote the supernatural power of God or the Holy Spirit, or the power demonstrated through miracles.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ, ΙΣΧΥΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: From δύναμαι (dynamai, "to be able, to have power"), which is of uncertain origin.

G0757

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: AR-xon

Translations: they will begin, they will rule, they will lead

Notes: This word is a future tense form of the verb 'archō', which means 'to begin', 'to rule', or 'to lead'. In the context of 'they will begin', it indicates the start of an action or event. In the context of 'they will rule' or 'they will lead', it refers to exercising authority or taking charge. The specific meaning depends on the surrounding words and context.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Future, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΑΡΞΟΥΣΙΝ, ΗΓΗΣΟΝΤΑΙ, ΕΝΑΡΞΟΝΤΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ergʰ- 'to begin, rule'. It is related to words meaning 'first' or 'chief'.

G4982

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-SOH-sas

Translations: you saved, you delivered, you preserved, you healed

Notes: This word is the second person singular, aorist active indicative form of the verb σῴζω (sōzō). It means 'you saved' or 'you delivered' someone or something. It describes a completed action of saving or preserving in the past, often with a focus on the result. It can also carry the sense of healing or making whole.

Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΡΥΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΑΣΩΖΩ

Etymology: The word σῴζω (sōzō) comes from the ancient Greek word σάος (saos), meaning 'safe' or 'sound'. It developed to mean 'to make safe' or 'to preserve'.

G1537

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EK

Translations: out of, from, of, by, among, with

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically governs the genitive case. It denotes origin, source, or separation, indicating movement 'out of' or 'from' a place, time, or cause. It can also signify the material from which something is made, the agent by whom something is done, or the reason for an action. For example, it can mean 'out of the house' or 'from that day'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs, meaning 'out'. It is cognate with Latin ex- and English out.

G5495

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHEI-ross

Translations: of hand, of a hand, of the hand, of power, of authority, of control

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'χείρ' (cheir), meaning 'hand'. In Koine Greek, 'hand' can refer not only to the physical limb but also metaphorically to power, authority, control, or agency. When used in the genitive case, it often indicates possession, origin, or the agent by which something is done, thus translating to 'of hand' or 'by the hand of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'χείρ' (cheir) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰesr-, meaning 'hand'. It is related to words for hand in other Indo-European languages.

G0757

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: AR-xoh

Translations: I will begin, I will rule, I will be first

Notes: This word is the first person singular future active indicative form of the verb 'ΑΡΧΩ' (archō). It means 'I will begin', 'I will rule', or 'I will be first'. It indicates an action that will take place in the future, performed by the speaker. The verb 'ΑΡΧΩ' can refer to initiating an action or holding a position of authority.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Future, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΩ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The verb 'ΑΡΧΩ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to begin' or 'to be first'. It is related to words signifying leadership, origin, and commencement.

G0154

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ai-TEE-so-mai

Translations: I will ask, I will request, I will beg, I will demand

Notes: This is a verb in the middle voice, indicating that the action is performed by the subject for their own benefit or on themselves. It signifies asking or requesting something, often with a sense of urgency or a right to receive. It can also imply demanding or begging.

Inflection: Future, Indicative, Middle, First Person, Singular

Synonyms: EROTAO, ZETEO

Etymology: The word AITEO is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is a common verb in ancient Greek, used to express the act of asking or requesting.

G3844

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: pa-RAH

Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a

Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.

G1812

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-noh-TEE-on

Translations: earring, an earring, ear-ring, an ear-ring

Notes: This word refers to an earring or an ear-ring, an ornament worn on the ear. It is typically used to describe a piece of jewelry. The word is a neuter noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΟϹΜΟϹ, ΚΟϹΜΙΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΕΝΩΤΙΟΝ is derived from the Greek word 'ous' (οὖς), meaning 'ear', combined with a diminutive suffix. It literally means 'something belonging to the ear' or 'a small thing for the ear'.

G1325

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: DI-don-tes

Translations: giving, granting, bestowing, yielding, delivering, paying, offering

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'giving' or 'one who gives'. It describes an ongoing action of giving, granting, or delivering something. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, describing how an action is performed. For example, 'they were giving gifts' or 'giving, he spoke'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΔΙΔΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΕΝΟΙ

G2440

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ee-MA-tee-on

Translations: garment, a garment, cloak, a cloak, clothes, clothing

Notes: This word refers to an outer garment or cloak, which was a common piece of clothing in ancient times. It could also refer to clothing in general. It is often used in the context of someone wearing or taking off an article of clothing.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΧΙΤΩΝ, ΕΝΔΥΜΑ, ΣΤΟΛΗ

Etymology: The word ἱμάτιον (himátion) is a diminutive of ἱμάτιον (híma), meaning 'garment' or 'clothing'. It is related to the verb ἵημι (híēmi), 'to send, throw', suggesting something thrown over or put on.

G0906

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-BAL-len

Translations: he was throwing, he threw, he was casting, he cast, he was putting, he put

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'ballo', meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. In this specific form, it describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, indicating that 'he' or 'it' was in the process of throwing, casting, or putting something. It can also describe a simple past action, depending on context.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΡΙΠΤΩ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ

G4711

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: stath-MOS

Translations: weight, a weight, balance, a balance, station, a station, dwelling, a dwelling, measure, a measure

Notes: This word refers to a weight, a balance, or a measuring instrument. It can also denote a station, a dwelling place, or a fixed measure. It is used to describe something that is weighed or measured, or a place where one stands or resides.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΖΥΓΟΣ, ΜΕΤΡΟΝ, ΒΑΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand, to set up'. It refers to something that is set up or established, hence a fixed measure or a place where one stands.

G5553

Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: khry-SOHN

Translations: of gold, of golden things, golden things, golden objects

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun or adjective 'ΧΡΥΣΟΣ', meaning 'gold' or 'golden'. As a noun, it refers to things made of gold or golden objects. As an adjective, it describes something as being golden. In this genitive plural form, it typically indicates possession or material, meaning 'of gold' or 'belonging to golden things'. It can also function as a substantive, referring to 'golden things' or 'golden objects' themselves.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΧΡΥΣΙΟΝ, ΧΡΥΣΕΟΣ

G5599, G3739

Part of Speech: Letter, Interjection, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-meh-gah (as a letter); OH (as an interjection); OH (as a pronoun)

Translations: Omega, O, Oh, the end, the last, (to) whom, (to) which, (to) what, (to) that, (to) who, (to) those, (to) whomsoever, (to) whatsoever

Notes: This character, Omega, is the twenty-fourth and final letter of the Greek alphabet. As a letter, it represents the long 'o' sound. It can also function as an interjection, similar to 'O' or 'Oh' in English, used for direct address or exclamation. Furthermore, without diacritics, 'Ω' can represent the dative singular form of the relative pronoun 'ὅς, ἥ, ὅ', meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what', depending on context and gender. It can refer to a person or thing that is the indirect object of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a letter or interjection); Dative, Singular, All genders (as a relative pronoun)

Etymology: The letter Omega is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'. Its name literally means 'great O' (ō mega), distinguishing it from Omicron ('small O'). As a relative pronoun, it originates from Proto-Indo-European roots.

G0154

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EE-tay-sen

Translations: he asked, she asked, it asked, he demanded, she demanded, it demanded, he requested, she requested, it requested

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to ask', 'to demand', or 'to request'. It describes the action of someone seeking something from another. It is often used in contexts where a person is making a petition or a strong request. The form 'ΗΤΗΣΕΝ' indicates that the action of asking or demanding was completed in the past by a single person or entity.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΡΩΤΑΩ, ΖΗΤΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΑΙΤΕΩ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to seek' or 'to ask'. It is a common verb in ancient Greek for expressing requests or demands.

G4000

Part of Speech: Numeral, Adjective

Sounds like: pen-tah-KO-see-oy

Translations: five hundred

Notes: This word is almost certainly a misspelling or typographical error for 'πεντακόσιοι' (pentakosioi), which means 'five hundred'. It functions as a numeral adjective, describing a quantity of five hundred units. It would be used to modify a noun, indicating that there are five hundred of that noun.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The word 'πεντακόσιοι' (pentakosioi) is a compound word derived from 'πέντε' (pente), meaning 'five', and 'ἑκατόν' (hekaton), meaning 'hundred'.

G4717

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: SIK-loy

Translations: shekels, a shekel

Notes: The word refers to a shekel, which was an ancient unit of weight or currency, particularly common in the Near East. It was used to measure precious metals like gold and silver, and thus also served as a monetary unit. In the provided context, it clearly refers to a quantity of gold.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative

Etymology: The word is of Semitic origin, derived from the Hebrew word 'sheqel' (שֶׁקֶל), meaning 'weight' or 'unit of weight'. It was adopted into Greek to refer to this specific unit of currency or weight.

G3950

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: par-EX

Translations: except, besides, apart from, other than, without

Notes: This word functions as both an adverb and a preposition. As an adverb, it means 'besides' or 'except'. As a preposition, it takes the genitive case and means 'apart from' or 'without', indicating exclusion or separation from something. It is used to specify what is excluded from a general statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΝ, ΧΩΡΙΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek παρά (pará, “beside”) and ἔξω (éxō, “out, outside”). It literally means 'beside outside' or 'out from beside'.

G3379

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: may-NEE-skohn

Translations: of crescents, of crescent-shaped ornaments, of moon-shaped ornaments

Notes: This word refers to crescent-shaped ornaments, often worn as jewelry or decorations. It is the genitive plural form of the noun 'μηνίσκος', indicating possession or origin from multiple such ornaments. It is a diminutive of the word 'μήνη' (moon), literally meaning 'little moon'.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine

Etymology: From Ancient Greek μηνίσκος (mēnískos, “a small moon, crescent”), diminutive of μήνη (mḗnē, “moon”).

G1622

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: EK-toss

Translations: outside, without, out of, except, besides

Notes: This word functions as an adverb meaning 'outside' or 'without', indicating a location or state of being external to something. It can also be used as a preposition, often with the genitive case, to mean 'out of', 'except', or 'besides', indicating exclusion or a boundary.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΞΩ, ΠΑΡΕΞ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of', combined with the suffix -τος, forming an adverb of place.

Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix

Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)

Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-

Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).

Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.

Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.

G3588, G3739

Part of Speech: Article, Pronoun, Numeral

Sounds like: HAY

Translations: the, who, which, what, that, she, a, an, 8

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation, indicated by the overline. It most commonly represents the feminine nominative singular definite article 'ἡ' (he), meaning 'the' or 'a/an'. It can also represent the feminine nominative singular relative pronoun 'ἥ' (he), meaning 'who', 'which', or 'that'. Additionally, 'Η' (eta) can function as the numeral 8 in the Greek numbering system. The context of the sentence is crucial for determining the correct meaning.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine (for article/pronoun); Does not inflect (for numeral)

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: FOTH

Translations: Photh

Notes: This word appears to be a transliteration of a foreign (likely Hebrew) proper noun, 'Photh'. It is not a native Koine Greek word. In the provided context, it seems to refer to a place name or a personal name, but its exact meaning or origin within Koine Greek itself is not clear as it's a direct transliteration. It does not inflect in the typical Greek manner.

Inflection: Does not inflect (transliterated proper noun)

Etymology: This word is a transliteration of a foreign (likely Hebrew) proper noun into Greek characters. Its etymology is therefore external to the Greek language itself.

G2181

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EF-ooth

Translations: ephod, a priestly garment, a sacred vestment, an idol

Notes: This word, ΕΦΟΥΘ (EPHOUTH), is likely a misspelling or variant of ΕΦΩΔ (EPHOD). The ephod was a sacred vestment worn by the high priest of Israel, described in the Old Testament. It was a sleeveless garment, often richly embroidered, and sometimes associated with idolatry when used improperly or as an object of worship itself. In the provided context, it refers to something Gideon made that led Israel astray, suggesting an idol or an object of improper worship.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

G2476

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ES-tay-sen

Translations: he stood, he set, he appointed, he established, he made to stand, he caused to stand, he placed, he put, he presented

Notes: This is the aorist active indicative third person singular form of the verb 'ἵστημι' (histēmi). It describes an action that happened in the past, completed at a specific point. It can mean 'he stood' or 'he caused to stand,' 'he set,' 'he appointed,' or 'he established,' depending on the context. It is often used to describe setting something up, establishing a person in a position, or causing someone or something to stand.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΟΡΙΖΩ

G2187

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ef-RAH-thah

Translations: Ephrathah, Ephratah

Notes: Ephrathah is a proper noun referring to a specific place, often associated with Bethlehem. It is used to denote the region or the town itself, particularly in Old Testament contexts.

Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΒΗΘΛΕΕΜ

Etymology: The name Ephrathah is of Hebrew origin (אֶפְרָתָה, 'ephrathah), meaning 'fruitfulness' or 'ash-heap'. It is closely associated with Bethlehem, sometimes used interchangeably or as a designation for the district around Bethlehem.

G1608

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eks-ep-OR-nef-sen

Translations: committed fornication, committed sexual immorality, prostituted, engaged in illicit sexual acts

Notes: This word describes the act of committing fornication or engaging in illicit sexual immorality. It is often used in a strong sense to denote a complete abandonment to sexual sin, going beyond simple fornication to a deeper level of moral corruption or prostitution. It can also be used metaphorically to describe spiritual unfaithfulness, like idolatry, where one 'prostitutes' themselves to false gods.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΟΡΝΕΥΩ, ΜΟΙΧΕΥΩ

Etymology: From G1537 (ΕΚ, 'out from, from') and G4203 (ΠΟΡΝΕΥΩ, 'to commit fornication'). It literally means 'to commit fornication out of' or 'to utterly commit fornication', emphasizing the completeness or intensity of the act.

G3956

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PAS

Translations: all, every, whole, any, a whole

Notes: This word means 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate totality or completeness. It can refer to every single item in a group, or the entirety of something. For example, 'all people' or 'the whole house'. It often takes on the meaning of 'every' when used with a singular noun, and 'all' when used with a plural noun. It can also mean 'any' in certain contexts.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'all' or 'every' in various Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Numeral, Abbreviation

Sounds like: EES-lah

Translations: 240, two hundred forty, Israel

Notes: This word, ΙΣΛʼ, is most likely a numerical representation in Koine Greek, where letters are used as numbers. In this system, Ι (iota) represents 10, Σ (sigma) represents 200, and Λ (lambda) represents 30. When combined, they sum to 240. The apostrophe-like mark (keraia) indicates that the preceding letters are to be interpreted as a number. However, it is also possible, though less common for this specific sequence, that it is an abbreviation for 'Israel' (ΙΣΡΑΗΛ), with the apostrophe indicating a truncation.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The numerical interpretation derives from the ancient Greek alphabetic numeral system. The abbreviation possibility comes from the common practice of shortening proper nouns in ancient texts.

G4958

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-es-TAH-lee

Translations: shrank, was contracted, was dismayed, was humbled, was restrained, was diminished

Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'συνστέλλω'. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (with, together) and 'στέλλω' (to send, to arrange, to prepare). In its passive form, it means to be drawn together, to shrink, to contract, or to be diminished. It can also convey the sense of being dismayed, humbled, or restrained, often due to fear or a difficult situation.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΣΥΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΣΥΣΤΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΣΤΕΛΛΩΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word 'συνστέλλω' is derived from the prefix 'σύν' (meaning 'with' or 'together') and the verb 'στέλλω' (meaning 'to send,' 'to arrange,' or 'to prepare'). The combination implies drawing things together or contracting them.

G1791

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-neh-TRAH-peh

Translations: was ashamed, was put to shame, turned back, was put to flight, respected, revered

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐν (in) and the verb τρέπω (to turn). In its active voice, it means 'to turn in' or 'to turn towards', often implying respect or reverence for someone. In the passive voice, as seen in ΕΝΕΤΡΑΠΗ, it means 'to be turned back', 'to be put to flight', or 'to be put to shame' or 'to be ashamed'. The specific meaning depends on the context, often indicating a reversal or a feeling of disgrace.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΙΣΧΥΝΟΜΑΙ, ΦΕΥΓΩ, ΑΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word ἐντρέπω is formed from the prefix ἐν- (en-), meaning 'in' or 'on', and the verb τρέπω (trepō), meaning 'to turn'.

G1799

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: en-OH-pee-on

Translations: before, in the presence of, in the sight of, in front of

Notes: This word functions as an adverb or an improper preposition, meaning 'before' or 'in the presence of'. It is used to indicate a position directly in front of someone or something, or to denote being under the observation or authority of someone. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΚΑΤΕΝΩΠΙΟΝ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the preposition 'ἐν' (en, meaning 'in') and 'ὤψ' (ōps, meaning 'face' or 'countenance'). It literally means 'in the face of' or 'in the sight of'.

G4369

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-ETH-ee-kan

Translations: they added, they put to, they continued, they did again

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'toward', and the verb τίθημι (tithēmi), meaning 'to put' or 'to place'. Together, it means 'to put to', 'to add', or 'to give in addition'. In the provided examples, it often conveys the sense of 'to continue to do something' or 'to do something again'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΘΕΝΤΟ, ΕΠΕΘΗΚΑΝ

G0142, G0686

Part of Speech: Verb, Noun

Sounds like: ah-RAI

Translations: to take up, to lift, to carry away, to remove, to destroy, to curse, a curse, a prayer, a vow

Notes: This word has multiple possible meanings depending on its root. It can be an infinitive form of the verb 'ΑΙΡΩ' (airo), meaning 'to take up, lift, carry away, remove, or destroy'. In this sense, it describes the action of physically moving something upwards or taking it away, or metaphorically removing something from existence. It can also be a form of the noun 'ΑΡΑ' (ara), which means 'a curse', 'a prayer', or 'a vow'. In this sense, it refers to an imprecation or a solemn promise made to a deity.

Inflection: Aorist Active Infinitive (from ΑΙΡΩ); Nominative Plural, Feminine (from ΑΡΑ); Vocative Plural, Feminine (from ΑΡΑ)

Synonyms: ΑΙΡΩ, ΑΝΑΙΡΩ, ΚΑΤΑΡΑ

G2270

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hay-soo-KHA-sen

Translations: he was quiet, she was quiet, it was quiet, he became quiet, she became quiet, it became quiet, he rested, she rested, it rested, he ceased, she ceased, it ceased

Notes: This word means to be quiet, to be still, to rest, or to cease from activity. It describes a state of tranquility or inactivity. It can be used to describe a person, a place, or even a situation becoming calm or peaceful.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΠΑΥΩ, ΑΝΑΠΑΥΩ

Etymology: The word ἩΣΥΧΑΖΩ comes from the adjective ἥσυχος (hēsychos), meaning 'quiet' or 'still'.

G4198

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-por-YOO-thay

Translations: he went, he departed, he traveled, he proceeded

Notes: This word is a verb indicating motion, specifically 'to go' or 'to proceed'. It is used to describe someone moving from one place to another. Although it has a passive form, it functions with an active meaning, as it is a deponent verb.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ is derived from the noun ΠΟΡΟΣ (poros), meaning 'a way' or 'a passage'. It signifies the act of making one's way or passing through.

G2401

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: yeh-roh-BAH-ahl

Translations: Jerubbaal, Jerubaal

Notes: This is a proper noun, the name given to Gideon by his father Joash after Gideon destroyed the altar of Baal. It means 'let Baal contend' or 'Baal strives'. The final apostrophe indicates a keraia, marking it as a number, or a coronis, indicating an elision, but in this context, it is a proper noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: The name is a compound of two elements: 'ΙΕΡΟ' (HIERO), related to 'ἱερός' (hieros) meaning 'sacred' or 'holy', and 'ΒΑΑΛ' (BAAL), referring to the Canaanite deity. The name is interpreted as 'Baal strives' or 'let Baal contend', reflecting the challenge to the idol.

G1607

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ek-por-yoo-OH-men-oy

Translations: going out, coming out, proceeding, issuing, marching out

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle, meaning 'going out' or 'coming out'. It describes an action of moving from an inside place to an outside place, or originating from something. It can refer to people marching out for war, or things issuing forth from a source.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἐκπορεύομαι (ekporeuomai) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb πορεύομαι (poreuomai), meaning 'to go' or 'to journey'.

G3816

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pal-LA-kay

Translations: concubine, a concubine

Notes: This word refers to a concubine, a woman who lives with a man but has lower status than a wife. She might be a slave or a free woman, but her children would not typically inherit in the same way as those of a legal wife. It is used to describe a woman who cohabits with a man without being legally married to him.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Etymology: The word is of uncertain origin, possibly from an Indo-European root meaning 'to lie' or 'to share a bed'. It is found in ancient Greek literature from Homer onwards.

G4840

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: SOO-khem

Translations: Shechem, Sychem

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to a city in Samaria, located in the central hill country of ancient Israel. It was a significant historical and religious site. It can also refer to a person named Shechem, as seen in the provided examples. The name is of Hebrew origin.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word is of Hebrew origin, from the Hebrew word שְׁכֶם (Shekhem), meaning 'shoulder' or 'back'. It refers to the geographical location of the city, situated on a ridge or saddle between two mountains.

G5087

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-THEE-ken

Translations: he placed, she placed, it placed, he put, she put, it put, he laid, she laid, it laid, he appointed, she appointed, it appointed

Notes: This is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb τίθημι (tithemi), meaning 'to place,' 'to put,' 'to lay,' or 'to appoint.' It describes a completed action in the past, indicating that 'he,' 'she,' or 'it' performed the action of placing or setting something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΒΑΛΛΩ, ΚΕΙΜΑΙ, ΙΣΤΗΜΙ

G3686

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: O-no-MA

Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority, title

Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or authority, as a name often represents the essence of a person or entity. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ, ΔΟΞΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'name'. It is cognate with Latin 'nomen' and English 'name'.

G0002

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ah-bee-MEH-lekh

Translations: Abimelech

Notes: Abimelech is a proper noun, referring to a specific person. In the Old Testament, it is the name of several Philistine kings, particularly the king of Gerar who interacted with Abraham and Isaac. It is also the name of a son of Gideon who became a judge in Israel. The word is a compound of two Hebrew words: 'AB' (father) and 'MELECH' (king), meaning 'my father is king' or 'father of a king'. The apostrophe at the end (keraia) indicates that it is a proper noun and not a number.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The name Abimelech is of Hebrew origin, derived from the words 'ab' (father) and 'melech' (king). It signifies 'my father is king' or 'father of a king'.

G1994

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-es-TREP-san

Translations: they returned, they turned back, they converted

Notes: This word describes the action of turning around, turning back, or returning. It can also carry the spiritual sense of converting or turning to God. It is used to indicate a completed action in the past by a group of people.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΥΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (EPI), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb ΣΤΡΕΦΩ (STREPHO), meaning 'to turn'.

G1608

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-eh-POR-nef-sa

Translations: I committed fornication, I committed sexual immorality, I played the harlot, I prostituted myself

Notes: This word is the first person singular, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'πορνεύω' (porneuo). It means 'I committed fornication' or 'I engaged in sexual immorality'. The prefix 'εξ-' (ex-) can intensify the action, suggesting a complete or thorough act of fornication, or it can simply be part of the verb's formation without adding significant additional meaning in this context. It describes a past, completed action of sexual sin.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΜΟΙΧΕΥΩ, ΑΣΕΛΓΕΩ

Etymology: The verb 'πορνεύω' (porneuo) is derived from 'πόρνη' (porne), meaning 'prostitute' or 'harlot'. The prefix 'εξ-' (ex-) indicates 'out of' or 'from', often intensifying the action of the verb.

G0906

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: bah-LAH-ahm

Translations: Balaam

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Balaam, a prophet mentioned in the Old Testament, particularly in the book of Numbers. He is known for his encounters with God and his prophecies concerning Israel. The final apostrophe-like character (keraia) indicates that the word is being used as a numeral, representing the number 41. However, in the provided context, it is clearly used as a proper noun, suggesting the keraia might be a scribal mark or a variant spelling, or it could be a coronis indicating an elision, though less likely for a proper noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The name Balaam is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'destroyer' or 'devourer'. It is derived from the Hebrew word 'Bilaam'.

G0896

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: bah-AH-leem

Translations: Baalim, the Baals

Notes: This word refers to the various local manifestations or cult images of the Canaanite god Baal. It is a plural form, indicating multiple Baals or a collection of Baal deities worshipped by different communities. The final apostrophe is a keraia, indicating it is a numeral, but in this context, it is a common scribal abbreviation for the final nu-movable (ν) or a plural ending, making it 'Baalim' (plural of Baal).

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΒΑΑΛ, ΒΑΑΛΑΑΜ

G1438

Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-ah-TOYS

Translations: (to) themselves, (for) themselves, themselves, (among) themselves

Notes: This is a reflexive pronoun, meaning 'himself, herself, itself, themselves'. It is used when the action of the verb is directed back to the subject of the sentence. For example, 'they gave to themselves' or 'they saw themselves'. It emphasizes that the subject is both the actor and the recipient of the action.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Etymology: From Ancient Greek, a compound of the reflexive pronoun 'ἑός' (heos, 'his own') and the intensive pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos, 'self').

G0896

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: bah-AHL

Translations: Baal, a Baal

Notes: Baal refers to a prominent Canaanite and Phoenician deity, often associated with fertility, storms, and kingship. In the Old Testament, the worship of Baal is frequently depicted as a major rival to the worship of Yahweh, the God of Israel. The term can also be used more generally to refer to a false god or idol.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΕΙΔΩΛΟΝ, ΨΕΥΔΟΘΕΟΣ

Etymology: From Hebrew בַּעַל (baʿal), meaning 'owner,' 'lord,' or 'master.' It was a common Semitic title for a deity.

G1242

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-ah-THEH-kane

Translations: covenant, a covenant, testament, a testament, will, a will, disposition, an arrangement

Notes: This word refers to a covenant, agreement, or testament, often implying a formal arrangement or disposition made by one party, which may or may not be reciprocated. In a religious context, it frequently refers to God's covenant with humanity. It can also refer to a last will and testament.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΘΗΚΗ, ΟΡΚΟΣ, ΔΙΑΤΑΓΜΑ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb τίθημι (tithemi), meaning 'to place' or 'to set'. It originally referred to an arrangement or disposition, and later came to mean a covenant or testament.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EE-nah-ee

Translations: to be, to exist, to happen, to occur

Notes: This is the infinitive form of the verb 'to be' in Koine Greek. It signifies existence, occurrence, or a state of being. It is often used with other verbs to form periphrastic constructions or to express purpose or result. For example, it can mean 'to be' in the sense of 'he wants to be good' or 'it is about to happen'.

Inflection: Infinitive

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΕΙΝ, ΓΙΝΕΣΘΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- 'to be'. It is cognate with English 'is' and Latin 'esse'.

G2316

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: theh-OO

Translations: of God, of a God

Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a sacred abbreviation for the word ΘΕΟΥ (Theou), meaning 'of God'. It is used to refer to the divine being, God, in the genitive case. In ancient Greek texts, nomina sacra were common contractions for frequently used sacred names and titles, indicating reverence and saving space. This form would typically be used in phrases like 'the house of God' or 'the power of God'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΥ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΟΥ

Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ (Theos) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to do, to place, to set', or possibly 'to shine'. It is a fundamental term in Greek for a deity or god.

G2346

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: thlee-BON-tone

Translations: of those who afflict, of those who oppress, of those who trouble, of those who distress

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'thlibo', meaning to press, squeeze, or afflict. As a participle, it describes the action of 'those who are pressing' or 'those who are afflicting'. It is used to refer to people or groups who cause distress or hardship.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΙΕΖΩ, ΣΤΕΝΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ΘΛΙΨΙΣ

Etymology: The word 'thlibo' is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to press' or 'to crush'.

G2945

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: KOO-kloh-then

Translations: around, round about, on every side, all around

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'around' or 'on every side'. It is used to describe something that encompasses or surrounds a central point or object, indicating a circular or encompassing direction or position. It can be used to describe people gathering around something, or a geographical area surrounding a place.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΥΚΛΩ, ΠΕΡΙΞ

Etymology: From the Greek word 'κύκλος' (kyklos), meaning 'circle' or 'ring', combined with the suffix '-θεν' (-then), which indicates origin or direction from a place.

G1656

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EH-leh-os

Translations: mercy, pity, compassion, a mercy

Notes: This word refers to mercy, pity, or compassion, often extended by a superior to an inferior, or by one who has the power to help to one who is in need. It signifies an active demonstration of compassion, not just a feeling. It is a masculine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΤΙΡΜΟΣ, ΕΥΣΠΛΑΓΧΝΙΑ

Etymology: The etymology of 'ΕΛΕΟΣ' is uncertain, but it is thought to be an ancient word with no clear connection to other Greek roots. It has been used since Homeric times.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G3624

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: oy-KOO

Translations: of a house, of a home, of a household, of a family, of a temple, of a dwelling

Notes: This word is a noun referring to a house, home, or dwelling place. It can also refer to a household, family, or even a temple. In its genitive form, as seen here, it indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of' or 'belonging to'. It is used to describe the place where people live or a group of people living together.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΗΜΑ, ΟΙΚΗΣΙΣ

G2496

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: yeh-roo-BAH-al

Translations: Jerubbaal

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to Jerubbaal, an alternative name for Gideon, a judge of Israel. The apostrophe at the end (keraia) indicates that the word is being used as a numeral, representing 10 + 5 + 100 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 30 + 1 = 150, but in this context, it is clearly a proper noun. The keraia is often used in ancient manuscripts to mark proper nouns or abbreviations, not just numbers.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The name Jerubbaal is of Hebrew origin (יְרֻבַּעַל, Yĕrubbaʿal), meaning 'let Baal contend' or 'Baal strives'. It was given to Gideon after he destroyed the altar of Baal.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ES-tee

Translations: is, he is, she is, it is, there is, exists, it exists, it is possible

Notes: This word is a common form of the verb 'to be' in Koine Greek. It indicates existence, identity, or a state of being. It can be used to link a subject to a predicate, or to simply state that something exists.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The root verb ΕΙΜΙ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is one of the most fundamental verbs in the Greek language.

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G3960