Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Ignatius of Antioch / Ignatius’ Letter to the Smyrnaeans / Chapter 13Ignatius’ Letter to the Smyrnaeans, Chapter 13
Interlinear version from Ignatius of Antioch (Beta)
G0782
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ahs-PAH-zoh-my
Translations: greet, salute, embrace, welcome
Notes: This verb means to greet, salute, or embrace someone. It is often used in the context of extending a welcome or showing respect. Although it has a middle/passive form, it is a deponent verb, meaning it has an active sense.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Indicative, 1st Person Singular
Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ
Etymology: The word comes from a root meaning 'to draw to oneself, to embrace'. It is related to the idea of drawing someone close in a gesture of greeting or affection.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G3624
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OY-koos
Translations: houses, homes, households, temples
Notes: This word refers to physical dwellings or buildings, such as houses or temples. It can also refer to a household, meaning the people living within a house, or a family line. In some contexts, it can denote a lineage or a dynasty. It is used in sentences to indicate the place where someone lives or a group of people associated with a particular dwelling.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΗΜΑ, ΟΙΚΗΤΗΡΙΟΝ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G0080
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-del-FOHN
Translations: (of) brothers, (of) brethren, (of) fellow believers
Notes: This word refers to brothers, or more broadly, to fellow members of a community, especially in a religious or spiritual sense, like fellow believers or brethren. It is used here in the genitive plural case, indicating possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ἈΔΕΛΦΟΙ, ἈΔΕΛΦΟΥΣ
G1700
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: moo
Translations: of me, my, mine
Notes: ΜΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning "of me," "my," or "mine." It indicates possession or origin, similar to how "my" or "mine" is used in English. It can be used with nouns to show ownership (e.g., "my house") or with verbs to indicate the source or object of an action (e.g., "he heard of me").
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Common Gender
G4862
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: soon
Translations: with, together with, along with
Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.
Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.
G1135
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: goo-NAY-xee
Translations: (to) women, (to) wives
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the noun 'γυνή' (gynē), meaning 'woman' or 'wife'. It indicates the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for' before 'women' or 'wives'. For example, it could be used in a phrase like 'he spoke to the women'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΘΗΛΕΙΑΙΣ, ΓΥΝΑΙΚΕΣ
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G4728
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: STEH-noys
Translations: narrow, confined, strait, difficult, narrow place, strait place
Notes: This word, ΤΕΝΟΙΣ, appears to be a misspelling or a variant of the Koine Greek word ΣΤΕΝΟΙΣ (stenoîs). The word ΣΤΕΝΟΣ generally describes something that is narrow, confined, or difficult. When used as a noun, it refers to a 'narrow place' or 'strait'. It can describe physical spaces, but also metaphorical 'straits' or 'difficulties' in life. For example, it might be used to describe a narrow path or a challenging situation.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΘΛΙΨΙΣ, ΣΤΕΝΟΧΩΡΙΑ
Etymology: The word ΣΤΕΝΟΣ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *sten- meaning 'narrow, constricted'. It is related to words describing tightness or pressure.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G3933
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: par-THEH-noos
Translations: virgins
Notes: This word refers to young, unmarried women, often implying virginity. It can be used to describe a maiden or a pure, chaste woman. In the provided context, it is used in the plural to refer to multiple young women.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΟΡΗ, ΝΥΜΦΗ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective
Sounds like: leh-GOH-meh-nas
Translations: being said, being called, being spoken of, called, named, a called, a named
Notes: This word is a present passive participle derived from the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing something that is 'being said' or 'being called'. In the provided examples, it is used to refer to 'the virgins called widows' or 'the words of the prophets being spoken'. It often implies a designation or a common understanding of something.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine, Present, Passive, Participle
Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΑΣ, ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΑΣ
G5503
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHEE-ras
Translations: of a widow, of the widow, a widow
Notes: This word refers to a woman whose husband has died and who has not remarried. It is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or relationship, often translated as 'of a widow' or 'belonging to a widow'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G4517
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-ROH-stheh
Translations: be strong, be well, farewell, goodbye
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'rhōnnumi', meaning 'to strengthen' or 'to be strong/well'. In this form, it is often used as an imperative, meaning 'be strong!' or 'farewell!' It can also function as an indicative verb, meaning 'you were strengthened' or 'you were well'. It is commonly found in greetings or farewells.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Imperative (2nd Person Plural) or Indicative (2nd Person Plural)
Synonyms: ΥΓΙΑΙΝΕΤΕ, ΧΑΙΡΕΤΕ
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MOY
Translations: (to) me, (for) me
Notes: ΜΟΙ is the dative form of the first-person singular pronoun 'I'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, showing to whom or for whom an action is performed. It can also express possession or benefit.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, First Person
Synonyms: ΕΜΟΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient word, found across many Indo-European languages.
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G1411
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DY-na-me
Translations: (by) power, (by) strength, (by) ability, (by) might, (by) force, (by) miracle
Notes: This word refers to inherent power, strength, or ability. It can also denote miraculous power or a specific miracle. In this form, it is typically used to indicate the means or instrument by which something is done, often translated with 'by' or 'in'. It is a compound word, but its root is a single word.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΙ, ΚΡΑΤΕΙ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΙ
G3962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PAH-tros
Translations: of a father, of the father, of a parent, of the parent, of God, of the Lord
Notes: This word refers to a father or parent. It is used to indicate possession or origin, often translated as 'of a father' or 'of the father'. In a theological context, it can refer to God as the Father.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΝΗΤΩΡ, ΠΡΟΓΟΝΟΣ
G782
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: as-PAH-zeh-tai
Translations: he greets, she greets, it greets, he salutes, she salutes, it salutes, he embraces, she embraces, it embraces
Notes: This word means to greet, salute, or embrace. It is often used to convey a friendly or respectful salutation, similar to saying 'hello' or 'farewell' to someone. It can also imply a physical embrace or a warm welcome. In a sentence, it would typically be used to describe someone extending a greeting to another person or group.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ
G5210
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hoo-MAS
Translations: you, you all
Notes: This is a second-person plural personal pronoun, meaning 'you' or 'you all'. It is in the accusative case, indicating that it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used in a sentence like 'He saw you all'.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Second Person, All genders
G5384
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: fee-LON
Translations: of friends, friends
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun ΦΙΛΟΣ (philos), meaning 'friend' or 'beloved'. It is used to indicate possession or relationship, often translated as 'of friends' or simply 'friends' when the context implies possession or association. For example, 'the house of friends' or 'among friends'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΤΑΙΡΟΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ
G1698
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MOY
Translations: (to) me, (for) me, (by) me, (with) me
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the first-person personal pronoun 'I'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb, showing to whom or for whom an action is performed. It can also express possession, agency, or association, depending on the context and the preposition it might be used with.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Common Gender
Synonyms: ΜΟΙ
G5607
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb
Sounds like: OHN
Translations: being, who is, which is, a being
Notes: This word is the masculine, singular, nominative form of the present participle of the verb 'to be'. It means 'being' or 'who/which is'. It is used to describe someone or something that exists or is in a particular state, often functioning like a relative pronoun and verb combined.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative, Present Participle
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩΝ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G3624
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OY-kon
Translations: house, a house, home, a home, household, a household, temple, a temple
Notes: This word refers to a dwelling place, a building where people live, or a household including its inhabitants and possessions. It can also refer to a temple or a place of worship. In the provided context, it is used in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb, often meaning 'to build a house' or 'into the house'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΗΜΑ
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: tah-oo-EE-ahs
Translations: Taouias
Notes: This word appears to be a proper noun, likely a personal name. It does not correspond to a common word in Koine Greek lexicons. It is possible it is a transliteration of a foreign name or a very rare or late Greek name.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The etymology of this specific name is not clear from standard Koine Greek sources. It may be a transliteration from another language or a unique personal name.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ANE
Translations: was, he was, she was, it was, I was
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'to be'. It is used to describe a state of being or existence in the past, often indicating a continuous or repeated action or condition. For example, it can mean 'he was' or 'it was'.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, 1st or 3rd person singular
G2172
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: YOO-kho-mai
Translations: pray, wish, vow, make a vow
Notes: This word means to pray, to wish, or to make a vow. It is often used in the context of addressing God or a deity, expressing a desire or a solemn promise. It is a deponent verb, meaning it has a middle or passive form but an active meaning.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present Tense, Middle/Passive Voice, Indicative Mood
Synonyms: ΔΕΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: From a primary verb, probably akin to the root of εὔχομαι (euchomai), meaning 'to speak out, to declare, to pray'.
G1476
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-DRAH-sthai
Translations: to be established, to be fixed, to be seated
Notes: This word is the perfect passive infinitive form of the verb 'ἑδράζω' (hedrazō). It means 'to be established,' 'to be fixed,' or 'to be seated firmly.' It describes a state of being made stable or secure, often in a figurative sense, such as being established in faith or love. As an infinitive, it functions like a noun, often used after verbs or prepositions.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΣΤΗΡΙΖΩ, ΘΕΜΕΛΙΟΩ, ΒΕΒΑΙΟΩ
Etymology: The word ἑδράζω (hedrazō) comes from ἕδρα (hedra), meaning 'seat' or 'base,' which itself is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sed-, meaning 'to sit.'
G4102
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PIS-tei
Translations: (by) faith, (in) faith, (with) faith, (to) faith, (by) trust, (in) trust, (with) trust, (to) trust, (by) belief, (in) belief, (with) belief, (to) belief
Notes: This word is a noun meaning 'faith,' 'trust,' or 'belief.' It refers to a firm conviction or reliance on something or someone. In Koine Greek, it is often used to describe spiritual faith, particularly in God or Christ. As a dative case, it indicates the means, instrument, or recipient of an action, often translated with prepositions like 'by,' 'in,' 'with,' or 'to.'
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΗΣΙΣ, ΕΛΠΙΣ
G0026
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-GAH-pay
Translations: love, a love, charity
Notes: This word refers to a deep, unconditional, and benevolent love, often used in a spiritual or divine sense. It is a selfless and sacrificial love, distinct from other forms of love like eros (romantic love) or philia (friendship love). It can be used to describe God's love for humanity, or the love that believers should have for God and for one another.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΦΙΛΙΑ, ΕΡΩΣ
Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be pre-Greek. It gained prominence in Koine Greek, particularly in the Septuagint and New Testament, where it was chosen to translate the Hebrew word 'ahavah' and to describe a specific kind of divine and selfless love.
G4559
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: sar-kee-KAY
Translations: fleshly, carnal, worldly, human
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'fleshly' or 'carnal', referring to that which pertains to the flesh or human nature, often in contrast to the spiritual. It describes things that are earthly, human, or governed by physical desires rather than spiritual ones. It can be used to describe actions, attitudes, or individuals.
Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΣΩΜΑΤΙΚΟΣ, ΑΝΘΡΩΠΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΣΑΡΞ (sarx) means 'flesh' and is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. ΣΑΡΚΙΚΗ is derived from ΣΑΡΞ, meaning 'of the flesh' or 'fleshly'.
G5037
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: TEH
Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.
G4152
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pnev-ma-tee-KEE
Translations: spiritual, a spiritual
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'spiritual'. It describes something that pertains to the spirit, or is influenced by or characteristic of the spirit, as opposed to the physical or material. It can be used to describe people, things, or concepts that are related to the divine or to a non-physical realm.
Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Vocative; or Singular, Feminine, Accusative; or Plural, Neuter, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative
Synonyms: ΘΕΙΟΣ, ΑΓΙΟΣ
G0259
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: al-KAYN
Translations: strength, might, power, force, a strength, a might, a power, a force
Notes: This word refers to physical strength, might, or power. It can be used to describe the inherent ability or force possessed by a person or entity. It is often used in contexts referring to physical prowess or the capacity to exert force.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΙΣΧΥΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G4309
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: poh-thay-TON
Translations: desired, longed for, beloved, dear, a desired thing
Notes: This word describes something that is greatly desired or longed for. It can also mean beloved or dear, indicating something held in high affection. It is often used to describe a person or thing that is greatly missed or wished for.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΠΗΤΟΣ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΗΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ποθητός (pothetos) comes from the verb ποθέω (potheō), meaning 'to long for, to yearn for, to desire'.
G3686
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: O-no-MA
Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority
Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or even authority, as a name often represents the person or entity itself. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive; Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥. It is cognate with Latin nōmen and English name.
G1149
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DAF-non
Translations: laurel, a laurel, bay tree, a bay tree
Notes: This word refers to the laurel or bay tree, a plant whose leaves were historically used to create wreaths for victors in ancient games or for those achieving great honors. It can be used to denote the plant itself or, by extension, the concept of victory or honor associated with it.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word 'ΔΑΦΝΗ' (daphne) is of pre-Greek origin, likely from a Mediterranean substrate language.
G840
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-syng-KREE-ton
Translations: incomparable, unrivaled, without comparison, an incomparable thing
Notes: This word describes something that cannot be compared to anything else, implying it is superior or unique. It is used to emphasize the exceptional quality or nature of a person or thing, indicating that it stands alone in its excellence.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ἈΝΥΠΕΡΒΛΗΤΟΣ, ἈΝΕΚΔΙΗΓΗΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the negative prefix ἀ- (a-, meaning 'not' or 'un-') and συγκριτός (sygkritos), meaning 'comparable'. Thus, it literally means 'not comparable'.
G2137
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: yoo-TEK-non
Translations: having good children, blessed with children, fruitful, a good child
Notes: This word is a compound adjective meaning 'having good children' or 'blessed with children'. It describes someone, typically a woman, who is fortunate in having offspring, or whose children are good and well-behaved. It can also refer to the children themselves as 'good children'. It is formed from the Greek prefix εὖ (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good', and τέκνον (teknon), meaning 'child'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΤΕΚΝΟΣ, ΕΥ̓ΓΕΝΗΣ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tas
Translations: all, every, everyone, the whole
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate the totality of something or someone. In this form, it is used for masculine nouns in the accusative plural, meaning 'all (of them)' or 'everyone'. It can also be used substantively to refer to 'all people' or 'everyone'.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G2596
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Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition
Sounds like: KAT
Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during
Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.
G4517
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ehr-ROHSS-theh
Translations: farewell, goodbye, be strong, be well
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to be strong' or 'to be well'. In the imperative mood, it is commonly used as a valediction, meaning 'farewell' or 'goodbye'. It can also be a command to 'be strong' or 'be well'.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Imperative, Second Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΕΤΕ, ΥΓΙΑΙΝΕΤΕ
Etymology: The word derives from the Greek verb ῥώννυμι (rhōnnumi), meaning 'to strengthen' or 'to make strong'.
G5485
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHA-ree-tee
Translations: to grace, to favor, to kindness, to goodwill, to thanks, to gratitude, to a gift, to a blessing
Notes: This word refers to grace, favor, kindness, or a gift. It is often used in a theological sense to describe God's unmerited favor towards humanity. It can also refer to human kindness, charm, or gratitude. In this form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to grace' or 'by grace'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΑ, ΔΩΡΟΝ, ΕΛΕΟΣ
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAY-oo
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΘΕΟΣ' (theos), meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, the genitive case often indicates possession, origin, or relationship, similar to the English 'of' or the possessive apostrophe 's'. Therefore, 'ΘΕΟΥ' typically translates to 'of God' or 'of a god', depending on the context. It can refer to the one true God or to a pagan deity.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
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