Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Ignatius of Antioch / Ignatius’ Letter to the Smyrnaeans / Chapter 12Ignatius’ Letter to the Smyrnaeans, Chapter 12
Interlinear version from Ignatius of Antioch (Beta)
G782
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: as-PAH-zeh-tai
Translations: he greets, she greets, it greets, he salutes, she salutes, it salutes, he embraces, she embraces, it embraces
Notes: This word means to greet, salute, or embrace. It is often used to convey a friendly or respectful salutation, similar to saying 'hello' or 'farewell' to someone. It can also imply a physical embrace or a warm welcome. In a sentence, it would typically be used to describe someone extending a greeting to another person or group.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ
G5210
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hoo-MAS
Translations: you, you all
Notes: This is a second-person plural personal pronoun, meaning 'you' or 'you all'. It is in the accusative case, indicating that it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used in a sentence like 'He saw you all'.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Second Person, All genders
G3588, G3739, G2228
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection
Sounds like: AY
Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah
Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)
Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.
G0026
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-GAH-pay
Translations: love, a love, charity
Notes: This word refers to a deep, unconditional, and benevolent love, often used in a spiritual or divine sense. It is a selfless and sacrificial love, distinct from other forms of love like eros (romantic love) or philia (friendship love). It can be used to describe God's love for humanity, or the love that believers should have for God and for one another.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΦΙΛΙΑ, ΕΡΩΣ
Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be pre-Greek. It gained prominence in Koine Greek, particularly in the Septuagint and New Testament, where it was chosen to translate the Hebrew word 'ahavah' and to describe a specific kind of divine and selfless love.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G0080
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-del-FOHN
Translations: (of) brothers, (of) brethren, (of) fellow believers
Notes: This word refers to brothers, or more broadly, to fellow members of a community, especially in a religious or spiritual sense, like fellow believers or brethren. It is used here in the genitive plural case, indicating possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ἈΔΕΛΦΟΙ, ἈΔΕΛΦΟΥΣ
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G5174
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: troh-AH-dee
Translations: (to) Troas
Notes: Τρωάδι is the dative singular form of Τρωάς, referring to Troas, a city and region in ancient Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey). It was an important seaport and a significant location in early Christian history, particularly mentioned in the New Testament as a place visited by the Apostle Paul. It is used to indicate location or direction, often translated as 'to Troas' or 'in Troas'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The name 'Troas' is derived from the ancient region of Troad, which was associated with the legendary city of Troy. It refers to the area around the ancient city of Troy.
G3606
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: O-THEN
Translations: from where, whence, wherefore, therefore, for which reason
Notes: This word is an adverb that can indicate either origin or consequence. It is used to ask or state 'from where' something comes or originates. It can also be used to mean 'therefore' or 'for which reason', indicating a logical conclusion or cause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟ, ΔΙΑ ΤΟΥΤΟ, ΟΠΟΥ
Etymology: From the demonstrative stem *ho- (meaning 'this' or 'that') combined with the suffix -θεν, which indicates origin or source. It is related to other adverbs of place and origin in Greek.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G1125
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: GRA-foh
Translations: I write, I draw, I record, I inscribe
Notes: This verb means 'to write' or 'to draw'. It is commonly used to describe the act of putting words or symbols onto a surface, such as paper or a tablet. It can also refer to the act of recording information or composing a text.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΓΓΡΑΦΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΩ, ΑΝΑΓΡΑΦΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *gerbh- 'to scratch, to carve'. In ancient Greek, it evolved to mean 'to scratch, to draw, to write'.
G5213
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: yoo-MEEN
Translations: (to) you, (for) you
Notes: This word is a second person plural pronoun, meaning 'you' (plural). It is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of a verb or the recipient of an action. It can be translated as 'to you' or 'for you', depending on the context.
Inflection: Plural, Dative
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G1007
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: BOOR-roo
Translations: Burrus
Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to Burrus, a common Roman cognomen (surname). In the provided context, it refers to a specific individual named Burrus, who is described as a fellow servant and deacon. It is used to identify a person.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: The name Burrus is of Latin origin, derived from the Roman cognomen Burrus, which means 'red' or 'reddish-brown'. It was a common surname in ancient Rome.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ON
Translations: being, existing, a being, that which is
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'being' or 'existing'. It describes something that is in a state of being or existence. As a neuter singular form, it often refers to 'that which is' or 'a being', and can function as a noun.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ
G0649
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-peh-STEI-lah-teh
Translations: you sent, you have sent
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to send away', 'to send forth', or 'to dispatch'. It is often used in the context of sending a person on a mission or sending an object to a destination. The form 'ἈΠΕΣΤΕΙΛΑΤΕ' indicates that the action of sending was completed in the past by 'you' (plural).
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 2nd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΠΕΜΠΩ, ΕΞΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to
Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MOO
Translations: (of) me, my
Notes: This is the genitive case of the first-person singular pronoun 'I'. It indicates possession or origin, functioning similarly to 'of me' or 'my' in English. It is used to show that something belongs to the speaker or comes from the speaker.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, First Person
Synonyms: ΜΟΥ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is the first-person singular pronoun, indicating the speaker.
G0260
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition
Sounds like: AH-mah
Translations: at the same time, together, with, at once, simultaneously
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'at the same time' or 'together'. It emphasizes simultaneity or togetherness of actions or people. It can also function as an improper preposition, taking the dative case, to mean 'together with' or 'with'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΜΟΥ, ΣΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words signifying 'together' or 'at the same time' in various Indo-European languages.
G2181
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: eh-FEH-see-oys
Translations: Ephesians, to the Ephesians, for the Ephesians, with the Ephesians, among the Ephesians
Notes: This word refers to people from Ephesus, a prominent city in ancient Asia Minor. It is an adjective used substantively, meaning 'Ephesian' or 'one from Ephesus'. In its dative plural form, it indicates 'to the Ephesians', 'for the Ephesians', or 'among the Ephesians', depending on the context and the preposition it accompanies.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Etymology: From Ἔφεσος (Ephesos), the name of the city of Ephesus.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G0080
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-del-FOYS
Translations: to brothers, to brethren, to fellow countrymen, to fellow believers
Notes: This word refers to brothers, both literal siblings and, more broadly, fellow members of a community, nation, or faith. It is often used in a figurative sense to denote close associates or fellow believers, emphasizing a bond of kinship or shared identity. In this dative plural form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to or for brothers/brethren'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΕΚΝΟΙΣ, ΟΜΟΓΕΝΕΣΙΝ
G5216
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hoo-MOHN
Translations: (of) you, your
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the second-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of you' or 'your' when referring to multiple people. It indicates possession, origin, or relationship concerning a group of people being addressed. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of you' (your house) or 'from among you'.
Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Genitive
G3739
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Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction
Sounds like: HOS
Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when
Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: KAH-tah
Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along
Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-ta
Translations: all, every, everything, all things
Notes: This word means 'all' or 'every'. In its plural neuter form, as seen here, it often translates to 'all things' or 'everything'. It is used to indicate totality or universality, referring to a complete set or collection of items or concepts.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G1691
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MEH
Translations: me
Notes: This word is the first-person singular pronoun 'me' in the accusative case. It is used as the direct object of a verb or as the object of certain prepositions, indicating the recipient of an action or the object being affected.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, First Person
Etymology: The word ΜΕ (me) derives from the ancient Greek first-person singular pronoun. Its form has remained largely consistent throughout various stages of the Greek language.
G0373
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: an-eh-PAH-oo-sen
Translations: he rested, he refreshed, he gave rest, he caused to rest, he ceased
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to cause to rest,' 'to refresh,' or 'to give rest.' It can also mean 'to cease' or 'to take rest' oneself. In the provided form, it describes an action completed in the past by a singular subject, indicating that 'he' or 'it' performed the action of resting or refreshing.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΠΑΥΩ, ἈΝΑΨΥΧΩ
Etymology: From ἀνά (aná, 'up, again') and παύω (paúō, 'to make cease, to stop'). The combination suggests a cessation or rest that is complete or renewed.
G3784
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: OH-feh-lon
Translations: would that, O that, I wish, if only
Notes: This word is an aorist form of the verb 'ὀφείλω' (opheilō), meaning 'to owe' or 'to be obligated'. However, in this specific form, 'ὀφελον' functions as an interjection or particle expressing a strong wish or desire, often for something that is impossible or unlikely to happen. It is typically followed by an infinitive or a clause with 'εἰ' (ei) and an optative or indicative verb, conveying a sense of 'would that' or 'if only'.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular, Neuter (used impersonally)
Synonyms: ΕΙΘΕ, ΕΙ ΓΑΡ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tes
Translations: all, every, whole
Notes: This word means 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate the totality or completeness of a group or quantity, often referring to 'all' members of a set or 'every' single item. It can also mean 'whole' when referring to a single entity.
Inflection: Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: HOLOS
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: him, it, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun, typically meaning 'him' or 'it' when used as a personal pronoun. It can also be used intensively to mean 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject or object. It refers to a previously mentioned male person or a neuter object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter
G3401
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-mee-MOON-toh
Translations: they were imitating, they imitated, they copied, they were copying
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to imitate' or 'to copy'. It describes the action of emulating someone or something, often by mimicking their behavior, actions, or characteristics. It is used to indicate that a group of people were engaged in the act of imitation in the past.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Middle/Passive Voice, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ἈΠΕΙΚΑΖΩ, ΜΙΜΝΗΣΚΩ
Etymology: The word μιμέομαι (mimeomai) comes from μῖμος (mimos), meaning 'imitator' or 'actor'.
G5607
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ON-tah
Translations: being, existing, things that are, beings, real things
Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It describes something that is or exists. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, indicating a state of being or existence. It can refer to 'those who are' or 'things that are', depending on the context and gender.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter Plural; or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural
Synonyms: ὙΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΑ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΑ
Etymology: The word εἰμί (eimi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es- meaning 'to be'. It is a fundamental verb in many Indo-European languages.
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ex-em-PLA-ree-on
Translations: example, a example, pattern, a pattern, copy, a copy
Notes: This word refers to an example, pattern, or copy. It is used to denote something that serves as a model or a representation of something else. It is a neuter noun, often used in the nominative or accusative case.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΥΠΟΔΕΙΓΜΑ, ΤΥΠΟΣ, ΜΙΜΗΜΑ
Etymology: This word is a direct loanword from the Latin 'exemplarium', meaning 'a copy, transcript, pattern, example'. It entered Koine Greek through contact with Latin.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAY-oo
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΘΕΟΣ' (theos), meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, the genitive case often indicates possession, origin, or relationship, similar to the English 'of' or the possessive apostrophe 's'. Therefore, 'ΘΕΟΥ' typically translates to 'of God' or 'of a god', depending on the context. It can refer to the one true God or to a pagan deity.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G1248
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-ah-koh-NEE-ahs
Translations: of service, of ministry, of ministration, of relief, of administration
Notes: This word refers to the act of serving, ministering, or providing assistance. It can encompass various forms of service, from practical help and administration to spiritual ministry and the distribution of aid. It is often used in the context of Christian service or the work of a deacon.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΙΑΣ, ΥΠΗΡΕΣΙΑΣ
G0272
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-MEP-seh-tai
Translations: he will answer, he will reply, he will exchange, he will requite
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to exchange, to requite, or to answer/reply. In this form, it indicates a future action performed by a single person, often with the sense of reciprocity or a response to something. It can be used when someone is expected to give a response or return a favor.
Inflection: Future, Middle Voice, Indicative, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ἈΠΟΚΡΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ἈΝΤΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ
G5485
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHA-rees
Translations: grace, a grace, favor, a favor, kindness, a kindness, thanks, gratitude, charm, a charm, delight, a delight
Notes: This word is a feminine noun that generally refers to grace, favor, or kindness. It can also mean thanks or gratitude, especially in expressions like 'to give thanks'. In some contexts, it can refer to charm or delight. It is often used to describe divine favor or unmerited divine assistance given to humans.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΑ, ΕΛΕΟΣ, ΔΩΡΟΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- ('to desire, to like'). In ancient Greek, it developed to mean 'that which delights' or 'favor'.
G0782
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ahs-PAH-zoh-my
Translations: greet, salute, embrace, welcome
Notes: This verb means to greet, salute, or embrace someone. It is often used in the context of extending a welcome or showing respect. Although it has a middle/passive form, it is a deponent verb, meaning it has an active sense.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Indicative, 1st Person Singular
Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ
Etymology: The word comes from a root meaning 'to draw to oneself, to embrace'. It is related to the idea of drawing someone close in a gesture of greeting or affection.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ax-ee-OTH-eh-on
Translations: worthy of God, God-worthy, God-honored, divinely honored
Notes: This is a compound adjective formed from 'worthy' (ἄξιος) and 'God' (θεός). It describes someone or something that is worthy of God, honored by God, or deserving of divine respect. It is used to describe individuals, often religious leaders, who are considered to embody divine qualities or are held in high esteem by God.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΘΕΟΠΡΕΠΗΣ, ΘΕΟΦΙΛΗΣ
G1985
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ep-is-KO-pon
Translations: overseer, a bishop, a superintendent
Notes: This word refers to an overseer, a superintendent, or a guardian. In early Christian contexts, it specifically denotes a bishop or elder who has oversight of a church or community. It describes someone who watches over, inspects, or supervises others.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΕΡΟΣ, ΠΟΙΜΗΝ
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: theh-oh-PREH-pes
Translations: godly, befitting God, proper, suitable, becoming, reverent
Notes: This word is a compound adjective formed from 'ΘΕΟΣ' (God) and 'ΠΡΕΠΩ' (to be fitting or proper). It describes something that is fitting, proper, or becoming in the sight of God, or something that is worthy of God. It implies a sense of reverence, dignity, and appropriateness in a divine context. For example, it could describe actions, behavior, or speech that are suitable for a believer or for a sacred occasion.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΥΣΕΒΗΣ, ΟΣΙΟΣ, ΕΥΛΑΒΗΣ
Etymology: This word is a compound of two Greek words: ΘΕΟΣ (theos), meaning 'God', and ΠΡΕΠΩ (prepo), meaning 'to be fitting, proper, or becoming'. It literally means 'God-fitting' or 'God-becoming'.
G4244
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pres-by-TEH-ree-on
Translations: presbytery, council of elders, body of elders, a presbytery, a council of elders, a body of elders
Notes: This word refers to a body or council of elders. In a religious context, it often denotes a group of church leaders or a governing body composed of elders. It can also refer to an assembly of older, respected individuals, such as a council of the people's elders or a senate.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΓΕΡΟΥΣΙΑ, ΣΥΝΕΔΡΙΟΝ
Etymology: The word ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΕΡΙΟΝ (presbyterion) is derived from the Greek word ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΕΡΟΣ (presbyteros), meaning 'elder' or 'older'. It refers to a collective body of such elders.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G4889
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: soon-DOO-loos
Translations: fellow servant, fellow slave, a fellow servant, a fellow slave
Notes: This is a compound word formed from the prefix ΣΥΝ- (SYN-), meaning 'with' or 'together', and ΔΟΥΛΟΣ (DOULOS), meaning 'servant' or 'slave'. Therefore, it refers to someone who is a fellow servant or fellow slave, sharing the same master or condition of servitude. It is used to describe individuals who serve alongside each other, often in a shared capacity or under the same authority.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ, ΣΥΝΔΙΑΚΟΝΟΣ
G1700
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: moo
Translations: of me, my, mine
Notes: ΜΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning "of me," "my," or "mine." It indicates possession or origin, similar to how "my" or "mine" is used in English. It can be used with nouns to show ownership (e.g., "my house") or with verbs to indicate the source or object of an action (e.g., "he heard of me").
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Common Gender
G1249
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-ah-KO-noos
Translations: deacons, ministers, servants
Notes: This word refers to those who serve or minister, often in a religious or official capacity. It can denote a servant, an attendant, or specifically a deacon in the early Christian church.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΟΥΛΟΙ, ΥΠΗΡΕΤΑΙ
G2596
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Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition
Sounds like: KAT
Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during
Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.
G0435
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AN-dra
Translations: man, a man, husband, a husband
Notes: This word refers to a male human being, often specifically an adult male, or a husband. It is the accusative singular form of the noun 'ἈΝΗΡ' (anēr), meaning 'man' or 'husband'. It is used when the man or husband is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ, ΑΝΗΡ
Etymology: The word 'ἈΝΗΡ' (anēr) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that also refer to a male human being.
G2839
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: koy-NEE
Translations: common, public, shared, a common thing, a public thing, (to) common, (to) public, (to) shared
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'common,' 'public,' or 'shared.' It describes something that belongs to or is accessible by all, rather than being private or individual. It can be used to describe things, ideas, or even people who are part of a general group.
Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative or Dative
Synonyms: ΔΗΜΟΣΙΟΣ, ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΟΣ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tas
Translations: all, every, everyone, the whole
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate the totality of something or someone. In this form, it is used for masculine nouns in the accusative plural, meaning 'all (of them)' or 'everyone'. It can also be used substantively to refer to 'all people' or 'everyone'.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G3686
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: O-NO-ma-tee
Translations: (to) name, (to) a name, (to) reputation, (to) authority
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun 'ὈΝΟΜΑ' (onoma), meaning 'name'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for' in English, or simply by the context. It can refer to a person's name, their reputation, or their authority.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ
G2424
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-ay-SOO
Translations: of Jesus, to Jesus, of Joshua, to Joshua
Notes: This is a proper name, referring to either Jesus Christ or Joshua, the successor of Moses. It is used to identify a specific individual.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Genitive or Dative
G5547
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: khri-STOO
Translations: of Christ, of the Anointed One, of the Messiah
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ' (Christos), meaning 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. It refers to the one chosen and consecrated by God, particularly Jesus. As a genitive case, 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥ' indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated as 'of Christ' or 'belonging to Christ'. It can be used to describe something that pertains to Christ or is from Christ.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ, ΕΚΛΕΚΤΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAY
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which
Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.
G4561
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: sar-KEE
Translations: flesh, body, a body, human nature, carnal nature
Notes: This word refers to flesh, the physical body, or human nature in general. It can also denote the carnal or sinful aspect of human nature, especially in a theological context. It is often used to distinguish the physical from the spiritual.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΩΜΑ, ΧΡΩΣ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: (of) him, his, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun. In this genitive singular form, it typically means 'of him,' 'his,' 'of it,' or 'its,' indicating possession or origin. It can refer to a male person or a neuter object/concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'self'. It is an ancient Greek word that has been in continuous use.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G0001
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AH-ee-mah-tee
Translations: to blood, in blood, with blood, by blood
Notes: This word refers to blood, the fluid that circulates in the vascular system of humans and other vertebrates. It is often used in a literal sense, but can also carry symbolic meaning, such as representing life, sacrifice, or kinship, especially in religious or covenantal contexts.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter
G3958
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pa-THEH-ee
Translations: to suffer, to experience, to undergo, to endure, to feel
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'πάσχω' (pascho), meaning 'to suffer' or 'to experience'. It indicates an action of suffering or undergoing something, without specifying the subject or tense, often used in conjunction with other verbs. It can refer to both positive and negative experiences, though it often carries the connotation of hardship or pain.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ, ΑΝΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΚΟΠΑΘΕΩ
Etymology: The verb πάσχω (pascho) comes from an ancient Indo-European root related to feeling or experiencing. It is the root of many English words related to emotion and suffering, such as 'pathos' and 'sympathy'.
G5037
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: TEH
Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.
G0386
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-nah-STA-seh-ee
Translations: to resurrection, at resurrection, in resurrection
Notes: This word refers to the act of rising again, particularly from the dead. It is commonly used in theological contexts to describe the resurrection of Christ or the general resurrection of believers. In this dative form, it indicates the recipient or location of an action, such as 'to' or 'in' resurrection.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΓΕΡΣΙΣ, ΑΝΑΣΤΑΣΙΣ
G4559
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: sar-kee-KAY
Translations: fleshly, carnal, worldly, human
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'fleshly' or 'carnal', referring to that which pertains to the flesh or human nature, often in contrast to the spiritual. It describes things that are earthly, human, or governed by physical desires rather than spiritual ones. It can be used to describe actions, attitudes, or individuals.
Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΣΩΜΑΤΙΚΟΣ, ΑΝΘΡΩΠΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΣΑΡΞ (sarx) means 'flesh' and is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. ΣΑΡΚΙΚΗ is derived from ΣΑΡΞ, meaning 'of the flesh' or 'fleshly'.
G4152
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pnev-ma-tee-KEE
Translations: spiritual, a spiritual
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'spiritual'. It describes something that pertains to the spirit, or is influenced by or characteristic of the spirit, as opposed to the physical or material. It can be used to describe people, things, or concepts that are related to the divine or to a non-physical realm.
Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative or Vocative; or Singular, Feminine, Accusative; or Plural, Neuter, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative
Synonyms: ΘΕΙΟΣ, ΑΓΙΟΣ
G1775
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: eh-NO-tee-tee
Translations: (in) unity, (in) oneness, (in) agreement
Notes: This word refers to the state of being one or united, emphasizing harmony and agreement. It is often used in contexts describing spiritual or communal cohesion, indicating a shared purpose or identity. As a dative case, it typically answers the question 'to what?' or 'in what?', often translated with 'in' or 'to'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ, ΣΥΜΦΩΝΙΑ
G1656
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: EH-leh-os
Translations: mercy, a mercy, compassion, pity
Notes: ἘΛΕΟΣ refers to active compassion, pity, or mercy, often extended by a superior to an inferior, or by God to humanity. It implies a deep feeling of sympathy that leads to practical help or forgiveness. It is frequently used in the context of God's benevolent actions towards His people.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΤΙΡΜΟΣ, ΣΠΛΑΓΧΝΑ
Etymology: The etymology of ἘΛΕΟΣ is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to a root meaning 'to feel pity' or 'to be moved by compassion'.
G1515
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-RAY-nay
Translations: peace, a peace, tranquility, harmony
Notes: This word refers to a state of peace, quietness, or rest. It can denote a sense of tranquility, harmony, or freedom from disturbance, whether in a general sense or specifically referring to a state of reconciliation or concord. It is often used to describe the absence of conflict or war.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ἩΣΥΧΙΑ, ΓΑΛΗΝΗ
Etymology: The word ΕΙΡΗΝΗ (eirēnē) is derived from the Greek verb εἴρω (eirō), meaning 'to join' or 'to bind together', suggesting a state of unity or agreement.
G5281
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hoo-po-mo-NAY
Translations: endurance, a patience, steadfastness, a steadfastness, perseverance, a perseverance
Notes: This word, 'ΥΠΟΜΟΗ', appears to be a misspelling of 'ὑπομονή' (hypomonē). It refers to the act of enduring or remaining steadfast under difficult circumstances. It implies a patient and persistent waiting or continuance, often in the face of trials or opposition. It is used to describe a quality of character that allows one to bear up under pressure without giving in or losing hope.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΡΤΕΡΙΑ, ΑΝΔΡΕΙΑ
Etymology: The word 'ὑπομονή' (hypomonē) is a compound word derived from 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'beneath', and 'μένω' (menō), meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide'. Thus, it literally means 'to remain under' or 'to abide under', conveying the sense of enduring or steadfastness.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tos
Translations: (of) all, (of) every, (of) whole, (of) each
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective 'ΠΑΣ' (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. As a genitive form, it indicates possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'. It can refer to a part of a whole, or to the entirety of something. For example, 'of all things' or 'of every person'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
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