Ignatius’ Letter to the Smyrnaeans Chapter 7, Interlinear version from Ignatius of Antioch (Beta)

Ignatius’ Letter to the Smyrnaeans, Chapter 7

Interlinear version from Ignatius of Antioch (Beta)

7:1

ΕΥ̓ΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΑΣ
- EUCHARISTIAS
- of-thanksgiving
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΗΣ
- PROSEUCHĒS
- of-prayer
ἈΠΕΧΟΝΤΑΙ
- APECHONTAI
- they-abstain
ΔΙΑ
- DIA
- through
ΤΟ
- TO
- the
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΙΝ
- OMOLOGEIN
- confessing
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ΕΥ̓ΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΑΝ
- EUCHARISTIAN
- thanksgiving
ΣΑΡΚΑ
- SARKA
- flesh
ΕἸΝΑΙ
- EINAI
- to-be
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- of-the
ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ
- SŌTĒROS
- of-Savior
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- of-us
ἸΗΣΟΥ
- IĒSOU
- Jesus
ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥ
- CHRISTOU
- Anointed-One
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ΥΠΕΡ
- YPER
- concerning
ΤΩΝ
- TŌN
- of-the
ΑΜΑΡΤΙΩΝ
- AMARTIŌN
- of-sins
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- of-us
ΠΑΘΟΥΣΑΝ
- PATHOUSAN
- having-suffered
ΗΝ
- ĒN
- which
ΤΗ
- TĒ
- to-the
ΧΡΗΣΤΟΤΗΤΙ
- CHRĒSTOTĒTI
- to-goodness
Ο
- O
- the
ΘΕΟΥ
- THEOU
- of-God
ΣΥΖΗΤΟΥΝΤΕΣ
- SYZĒTOUNTES
- disputing
ἈΠΟΘΝΗΣΟΥΣΙΝ
- APOTHNĒSOUSIN
- they-will-die
ΣΥΝΕΦΕΡΕΝ
- SYNEPHEREN
- it-was-profitable
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΙΣ
- AUTOIS
- to-them
ἈΓΑΠΑΝ
- AGAPAN
- to-love
ΙΝΑ
- INA
- so-that
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- also
ἈΝΑΣΤΩΣΙΝ
- ANASTŌSIN
- they-may-rise-up

7:2

ΠΡΕΠΟΝ
- PREPON
- fitting
ἘΣΤΙΝ
- ESTIN
- it-is
ἈΠΕΧΘΑΙ
- APECHTHAI
- to-be-hated
ΤΩΝ
- TŌN
- of-the
ΤΟΙΟΥΤΩΝ
- TOIOUTŌN
- such-ones
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΜΗΤΕ
- MĒTE
- neither
ΚΑΤ
- KAT
- according-to
ἸΔΙΑΝ
- IDIAN
- private
ΠΕΡΙ
- PERI
- concerning
ΑΥ̓ΤΩΝ
- AUTŌN
- them
ΛΑΛΕΙΝ
- LALEIN
- to-speak
ΜΗΤΕ
- MĒTE
- neither
ΚΟΙΝΗ
- KOINĒ
- publicly
ΠΡΟΣΕΧΕΙΝ
- PROSECHEIN
- to-pay-attention
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ΤΟΙΣ
- TOIS
- to-the
ΠΡΟΦΗΤΑΙΣ
- PROPHĒTAIS
- prophets
ἘΞΑΙΡΕΤΩΣ
- EXAIRETŌS
- especially
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ΕΥ̓ΑΓΓΕΛΙΩ
- EUAGGELIŌ
- good-news
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
Ω
- Ō
- which
ΤΟ
- TO
- the
ΠΑΘΟΣ
- PATHOS
- suffering
ΗΜΙΝ
- ĒMIN
- to-us
ΔΕΔΗΛΩΤΑΙ
- DEDĒLŌTAI
- has-been-revealed
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
Η
- Ē
- the
ἈΝΑΣΤΑΣΙΣ
- ANASTASIS
- resurrection
ΤΕΤΕΛΕΙΩΤΑΙ
- TETELEIŌTAI
- has-been-completed
ΤΟΥΣ
- TOUS
- the
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ΜΕΡΙΣΜΟΥΣ
- MERISMOUS
- divisions
ΦΕΥΓΕΤΕ
- PHEUGETE
- flee
ΩΣ
- ŌS
- as
ἈΡΧΗΝ
- ARCHĒN
- [the] beginning
ΚΑΚΩΝ
- KAKŌN
- of-evils

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G0568

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ap-E-khon-tai

Translations: they abstain, they refrain, they keep away from, they have received in full

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to abstain from, refrain from, or keep oneself away from something. It can also mean to have received in full, often implying a complete payment or reward. The meaning depends on the context, particularly whether it is used with a genitive case (to abstain from) or in a financial sense (to receive in full).

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ἈΦΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ΚΩΛΥΩ, ΠΑΥΩ

G1223

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G3361

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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G3670

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ho-mo-lo-GEIN

Translations: to confess, to acknowledge, to profess, to agree, to admit, to declare

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'homologeo'. It means to confess, acknowledge, or agree, often implying a public declaration or a formal agreement. It can be used in contexts of admitting a truth, professing faith, or agreeing with someone's statement or position.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΟΜΟΛΟΓΙΑ, ΟΜΟΛΟΓΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'homologeo' is a compound word derived from the Greek words 'homos' (meaning 'same' or 'one and the same') and 'logos' (meaning 'word' or 'speech'). Thus, it literally means 'to speak the same word' or 'to agree in word'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G3588, G3778

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G4990

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: so-TEE-ros

Translations: of a savior, of the Savior, of a deliverer, of the Deliverer, of a preserver, of the Preserver

Notes: This word refers to a savior, deliverer, or preserver. It is used to describe someone who brings salvation, rescue, or safety. In a religious context, it often refers to God or Jesus Christ as the ultimate Savior. It is typically used in a genitive construction, indicating possession or origin, such as 'the power of the Savior' or 'from the Savior'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΥΣΤΗΣ, ΛΥΤΡΩΤΗΣ, ΣΩΖΩΝ

G5547

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: khri-STOO

Translations: of Christ, of the Anointed One, of the Messiah

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ' (Christos), meaning 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. It refers to the one chosen and consecrated by God, particularly Jesus. As a genitive case, 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥ' indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated as 'of Christ' or 'belonging to Christ'. It can be used to describe something that pertains to Christ or is from Christ.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ, ΕΚΛΕΚΤΟΣ

G5228

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-PER

Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than

Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.

G266

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hah-mar-tee-OHN

Translations: of sins, of a sin

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun "ΑΜΑΡΤΙΑ" (hamartia), which means "sin" or "missing the mark." It refers to actions, thoughts, or states that fall short of God's standard or will. As a genitive plural, it indicates possession, origin, or relation, often translated as "of sins" or "concerning sins." It is frequently used in contexts discussing forgiveness, repentance, or the consequences of wrongdoing.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΟΜΙΑ, ΑΔΙΚΙΑ, ΠΑΡΑΠΤΩΜΑ

Etymology: The word "ΑΜΑΡΤΙΑ" is a compound word derived from the prefix "α-" (a-), meaning "not" or "without," and "μερος" (meros), meaning "part" or "share," or from "μαρτάνω" (martano), meaning "to miss the mark." It originally referred to an archer missing the target and evolved to mean a moral or spiritual failure.

G3958

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pa-THOO-san

Translations: suffering, having suffered, enduring, having endured, experiencing, having experienced

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'πάσχω' (pascho), meaning 'to suffer,' 'to endure,' or 'to experience.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that is in the act of suffering or has already suffered. It can be used to modify a noun, indicating the state or action of that noun, or it can be used adverbially to describe the circumstances of an action.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Feminine, Singular, Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΠΑΘΟΥΣΑΝ, ΥΠΟΜΕΝΟΥΣΑΝ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G5544

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: khray-sto-TEE-tee

Translations: (to) goodness, (to) kindness, (to) uprightness, (to) a goodness, (to) a kindness, (to) an uprightness

Notes: This word refers to the quality of being good, kind, or benevolent. It describes a disposition or character that is gentle, mild, and beneficial. It is often used to describe God's kindness and graciousness towards humanity. In a sentence, it would indicate the recipient or instrument of an action related to goodness or kindness.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΩΣΥΝΗ, ΕΥΣΠΛΑΓΧΝΙΑ, ΕΥΝΟΙΑ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G4802

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: soo-zee-TOON-tes

Translations: discussing, disputing, questioning, those discussing, those disputing, those questioning

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'συζητέω' (syzēteō), meaning 'to discuss together' or 'to dispute'. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'ζητέω' (zēteō), meaning 'to seek' or 'to inquire'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject, often translated as 'discussing' or 'disputing'. It can also be translated as 'those who are discussing' or 'those who are disputing' when referring to a group of people.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΛΕΓΟΜΑΙ, ΕΡΩΤΑΩ, ΖΗΤΕΩ

G4851

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-EH-feh-ren

Translations: it was profitable, it was advantageous, it was expedient, it was useful, it was good

Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'συμφέρω' (sympherō). It means 'it was profitable' or 'it was advantageous'. It describes something that was beneficial or expedient in the past. It can be used impersonally, referring to what is advantageous for a person or situation.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΩΦΕΛΕΩ, ΛΥΣΙΤΕΛΕΩ

G1161

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G0846

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G0025

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-gah-PAN

Translations: to love, to like, to cherish, to be fond of

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to love' or 'to cherish'. It expresses a deep affection, often a selfless and unconditional love, distinct from other forms of love like 'eros' (romantic love) or 'philia' (friendship love). It can be used to describe love for God, for one's neighbor, or for good deeds.

Inflection: Present Active Infinitive

Synonyms: ΦΙΛΕΩ, ΣΤΕΡΓΩ

Etymology: The origin of ἀγαπάω is uncertain, but it is a common word in Koine Greek, particularly in the Septuagint and New Testament, where it often translates the Hebrew word 'ahav' (love).

G2443

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EE-nah

Translations: in order that, that, so that, to

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.

G0450

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nah-STOH-sin

Translations: they may rise, they may stand up, they may be resurrected, they may appear

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to rise, stand up, or be resurrected. It can also mean to appear or to cause to rise. It is often used in the context of rising from the dead, but can also refer to standing up from a seated or prone position, or to the emergence of something new.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΟΡΘΟΩ, ΑΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἈΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ is a compound word formed from the prefix ἀνά (aná), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb ἵστημι (hístēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand'.

G4241

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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: PREH-pon

Translations: fitting, proper, suitable, becoming, appropriate, as is fitting, as is proper

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'πρέπω' (prepo), meaning 'to be fitting' or 'to be proper'. It describes something that is suitable, appropriate, or becoming for a particular situation or person. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, describing how something is done. For example, it might describe an action that is done 'as is fitting' or 'properly'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΑΡΜΟΖΟΝ, ΚΑΘΗΚΟΝ, ΕΥΠΡΕΠΕΣ

Etymology: The word 'πρέπω' (prepo) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to words meaning 'to be conspicuous' or 'to stand out', which then developed the sense of 'to be fitting' or 'to be proper' because something that stands out in a good way is appropriate.

G2596

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Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: KAT

Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.

G4012

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G2980

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: lah-LEH-in

Translations: to speak, to talk, to say

Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'λαλέω'. It means 'to speak' or 'to talk'. It is used to express the action of speaking in a general sense, often without specifying the content of the speech, or to indicate the ability to speak. It can be used in various contexts, such as speaking a language, speaking to someone, or simply making sounds.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΩΝΕΩ, ΕΡΩ

Etymology: From an onomatopoeic root, imitating the sound of babbling or chattering. It is related to the English word 'lullaby' and similar words in other languages that describe vocal sounds.

G4337

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-EKH-ayn

Translations: to pay attention, to give heed, to attend to, to beware, to apply oneself, to hold to

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb προσέχω. It means to direct one's mind or attention towards something, often implying caution, diligence, or adherence. It can be used to mean 'to pay attention to', 'to be careful', 'to beware of', 'to apply oneself to', or 'to hold to' a teaching or person. It often takes a dative object or a prepositional phrase.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΕΧΩ

Etymology: The word προσέχω is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. Thus, it literally means 'to hold towards' or 'to have towards', which developed into the sense of directing one's attention or mind towards something.

G1841

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: ex-AI-re-tos

Translations: especially, pre-eminently, peculiarly, exceedingly

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'especially' or 'pre-eminently'. It is used to emphasize that something is done or exists in a special, exceptional, or outstanding way, distinguishing it from others. It can also mean 'exceedingly' or 'peculiarly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΩΣ, ΜΑΛΛΟΝ

Etymology: The word ἘΞΑΙΡΕΤΩΣ is derived from the verb ΕΞΑΙΡΕΩ (exaireō), meaning 'to take out, to choose, to remove', and the suffix -ως, which forms adverbs. It literally means 'in an exceptional way' or 'taken out from the rest'.

G2097

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: yoo-ang-geh-LEE-zoh

Translations: I preach the gospel, I bring good news, I announce good news, I proclaim good news

Notes: This word means to preach or proclaim good news, often specifically referring to the gospel of Jesus Christ. It is used to describe the act of sharing a message of hope, salvation, or a joyful announcement. For example, one might say, 'I preach the gospel to the people.'

Inflection: First Person Singular, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΣΣΩ, ἈΝΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the Greek prefix ΕΥ̓- (eu-), meaning 'good' or 'well', and ἈΓΓΕΛΛΩ (angellō), meaning 'to announce' or 'to bring a message'. Thus, it literally means 'to bring a good message' or 'to announce good news'.

G1722

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G5599, G3739

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Part of Speech: Letter, Interjection, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-meh-gah (as a letter); OH (as an interjection); OH (as a pronoun)

Translations: Omega, O, Oh, the end, the last, (to) whom, (to) which, (to) what, (to) that, (to) who, (to) those, (to) whomsoever, (to) whatsoever

Notes: This character, Omega, is the twenty-fourth and final letter of the Greek alphabet. As a letter, it represents the long 'o' sound. It can also function as an interjection, similar to 'O' or 'Oh' in English, used for direct address or exclamation. Furthermore, without diacritics, 'Ω' can represent the dative singular form of the relative pronoun 'ὅς, ἥ, ὅ', meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what', depending on context and gender. It can refer to a person or thing that is the indirect object of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a letter or interjection); Dative, Singular, All genders (as a relative pronoun)

Etymology: The letter Omega is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'. Its name literally means 'great O' (ō mega), distinguishing it from Omicron ('small O'). As a relative pronoun, it originates from Proto-Indo-European roots.

G3804

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PA-thos

Translations: suffering, a suffering, passion, a passion, emotion, an emotion, affliction, an affliction, experience, an experience

Notes: This word refers to anything that is experienced or undergone, often with a connotation of suffering, pain, or strong emotion. It can denote a physical or mental affliction, a strong feeling or passion, or simply an experience. It is used to describe both negative experiences like suffering and more neutral ones like an event or an emotion.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΠΑΘΕΙΑ, ΘΛΙΨΙΣ, ΠΟΝΟΣ

Etymology: From the root of πάσχω (paschō), meaning 'to suffer' or 'to experience'. It refers to that which is experienced or undergone.

G1213

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: deh-DEH-loh-tai

Translations: it has been made clear, it has been shown, it has been declared, it has been revealed

Notes: This word is the third person singular perfect passive indicative form of the verb 'δηλόω' (dēloō), meaning 'to make clear,' 'to show,' or 'to declare.' In this form, it indicates an action that was completed in the past and has ongoing results in the present, specifically that something 'has been made clear' or 'has been shown.' It is used to state a fact that is now evident or established.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΟΩ, ΔΕΙΓΝΥΜΙ, ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΠΤΩ

G3588, G3739, G2228

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G0450

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-na-STA-sis

Translations: resurrection, a resurrection, rising again, a rising

Notes: This word refers to a 'rising up' or 'standing up again'. It is most commonly used in the context of a 'resurrection', particularly the resurrection of the dead. It can also refer to a general 'rising' or 'restoration'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ἘΓΕΡΣΙΣ, ἈΝΟΡΘΩΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ἀνάστασις (anastasis) is derived from the verb ἀνίστημι (anistēmi), meaning 'to stand up', 'to raise up', or 'to cause to rise'. It combines the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', with the root στάσις (stasis), meaning 'a standing' or 'a state of standing'.

G5055

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: teh-teh-LEH-oh-tai

Translations: it has been completed, it is finished, it has been perfected, it has been brought to an end

Notes: This word describes something that has reached its intended goal, completion, or perfection. It signifies a state of being fully accomplished or brought to a final, perfect state. It is often used in a theological context to describe the completion of God's plan or the perfection of believers.

Inflection: Perfect, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΛΗΡΩΤΑΙ, ΣΥΝΤΕΤΕΛΕΣΤΑΙ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G5613

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G2556

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: kah-KOHN

Translations: (of) bad things, (of) evils, (of) calamities, (of) troubles

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ΚΑΚΟΣ', meaning 'bad' or 'evil'. When used substantively, as it often is in the genitive plural, it refers to 'evils', 'calamities', or 'troubles'. It describes things that are harmful, morally corrupt, or cause distress. It can be used to describe the source or nature of something negative.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΩΝ, ΦΑΥΛΩΝ, ΑΣΕΒΩΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'bad' or 'evil'. It is related to words signifying 'to hurt' or 'to wound'.

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