Ignatius’ Letter to the Smyrnaeans Chapter 3, Interlinear version from Ignatius of Antioch (Beta)

Ignatius’ Letter to the Smyrnaeans, Chapter 3

Interlinear version from Ignatius of Antioch (Beta)

3:1

ἘΓΩ
- EGŌ
- I
ΓΑΡ
- GAR
- for
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- even
ΜΕΤΑ
- META
- after
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ἈΝΑΣΤΑΣΙΝ
- ANASTASIN
- resurrection
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΣΑΡΚΙ
- SARKI
- flesh
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΝ
- AUTON
- him
ΟἸΔΑ
- OIDA
- I-know
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ
- PISTEUŌ
- I-believe
ὈΝΤΑ
- ONTA
- being

3:2

ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΟΤΕ
- OTE
- when
ΠΡΟΣ
- PROS
- to
ΤΟΥΣ
- TOUS
- the
ΠΕΡΙ
- PERI
- around
ΠΕΤΡΟΝ
- PETRON
- Peter
ἨΛΘΕΝ
- ĒLTHEN
- he-came
ἘΦΗ
- EPHĒ
- he-said
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΙΣ
- AUTOIS
- to-them
ΛΑΒΕΤΕ
- LABETE
- take
ΨΗΛΑΦΗΣΑΤΕ
- PSĒLAPHĒSATE
- touch
ΜΕ
- ME
- me
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ἸΔΕΤΕ
- IDETE
- see
ΟΤΙ
- OTI
- that
ΟΥ̓Κ
- OUK
- not
ΕἸΜΙ
- EIMI
- I-am
ΔΑΙΜΟΝΙΟΝ
- DAIMONION
- [a] demon
ἈΣΩΜΑΤΟΝ
- ASŌMATON
- bodiless
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΕΥ̓ΘΥΣ
- EUTHYS
- immediately
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ
- AUTOU
- of-him
ΗΨΑΝΤΟ
- ĒPSANTO
- they-touched
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ἘΠΙΣΤΕΥΣΑΝ
- EPISTEUSAN
- they-believed
ΚΑΡΘΕΝΤΕΣ
- KARTHENTES
- having-been-cut-off
ΤΗ
- TĒ
- to-the
ΣΑΡΚΙ
- SARKI
- flesh
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ
- AUTOU
- of-him
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ΠΝΕΥΜΑΤΙ
- PNEUMATI
- breath
ΔΙΑ
- DIA
- through
ΤΟΥΤΟ
- TOUTO
- this
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- also
ΘΑΝΑΤΟΥ
- THANATOU
- of-death
ΚΑΤΕΦΡΟΝΗΣΑΝ
- KATEPHRONĒSAN
- they-despised
ΗΥΡΕΘΗΣΑΝ
- ĒURETHĒSAN
- they-were-found
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ΥΠΕΡ
- YPER
- beyond
ΘΑΝΑΤΟΝ
- THANATON
- death

3:3

ΜΕΤΑ
- META
- after
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ἈΝΑΣΑΣΙΝ
- ANASASIN
- resurrection
ΣΥΝΕΦΑΓΕΝ
- SYNEPHAGEN
- he-ate-with
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΙΣ
- AUTOIS
- them
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΣΥΝΕΠΙΕΝ
- SYNEPIEN
- he-drank-with
ΩΣ
- ŌS
- as
ΣΑΡΚΙΚΟΣ
- SARKIKOS
- fleshly
ΚΑΙΠΕΡ
- KAIPER
- although
ΠΝΕΥΜΑΤΙΚΩΣ
- PNEUMATIKŌS
- spiritually
ΗΝΩΜΕΝΟΣ
- ĒNŌMENOS
- united
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ΠΑΤΡΙ
- PATRI
- Father

G1473

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-GOH

Translations: I, me

Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.

G1063

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Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G3326

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G1722

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G1492

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: OY-dah

Translations: know, understand, perceive, be aware of

Notes: This verb means 'to know' or 'to understand'. It is a perfect tense verb that functions with a present meaning, indicating a state of knowing that has resulted from a past act of perceiving or learning. It is often used to express a deep, intuitive, or experiential knowledge, as opposed to merely intellectual knowledge. It can be used with an accusative object, or with a clause introduced by 'ὅτι' (that) or an interrogative pronoun.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 1st Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *weyd- 'to see, to know'. In Greek, it developed into a perfect tense verb with a present meaning, signifying a state of knowing that comes from having seen or perceived.

G5607

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ON-tah

Translations: being, existing, things that are, beings, real things

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It describes something that is or exists. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, indicating a state of being or existence. It can refer to 'those who are' or 'things that are', depending on the context and gender.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter Plural; or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural

Synonyms: ὙΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΑ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΑ

Etymology: The word εἰμί (eimi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es- meaning 'to be'. It is a fundamental verb in many Indo-European languages.

G3753

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OH-teh

Translations: when, whenever, at which time

Notes: This word functions as a temporal adverb or conjunction, indicating a point or period in time. It is used to introduce a clause that specifies when an action occurs or occurred, similar to 'when' or 'whenever' in English. It can refer to a specific past event or a general, recurring condition.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΗΝΙΚΑ, ΟΠΟΤΕ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun 'ho' (the) and the particle 'te' (then, at that time). It originally meant 'at that time when'.

G4314

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G4012

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G0846

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G3754

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G3756

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G1510

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-MEE

Translations: I am, to be, exist, happen

Notes: This is the Koine Greek verb 'to be', 'to exist', or 'to happen'. It is a fundamental and highly irregular verb, often used as a copula (a linking verb) to connect the subject of a sentence to a predicate noun or adjective, indicating identity or a state of being. It can also indicate existence or occurrence. For example, 'Ἐγὼ εἰμι' translates to 'I am'.

Inflection: First person singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: This verb is one of the oldest and most fundamental verbs in the Greek language, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages.

G1140

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dai-MO-nee-on

Translations: demon, evil spirit, a demon, an evil spirit

Notes: This word refers to a divine being, often a lesser deity or spirit. In the New Testament and later Koine Greek, it predominantly refers to an evil spirit or demon, often associated with causing illness or torment. It is used in sentences to describe the source of affliction or supernatural evil.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΝΕΥΜΑ, ΔΙΑΒΟΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word originates from the Greek word δαίμων (daimōn), which originally referred to a divine power, fate, or a god. Over time, its meaning evolved, particularly in the Septuagint and New Testament, to denote an evil spirit.

G0078

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-SOH-mah-ton

Translations: incorporeal, bodiless, without a body, an incorporeal thing, a bodiless thing

Notes: This word describes something that is without a physical body or material form. It is often used to refer to spiritual beings or concepts that are not made of matter. For example, one might describe a spirit or a ghost as incorporeal.

Inflection: Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Singular, Neuter

Etymology: The word ἀσώματος (asōmatos) is a compound word formed from the privative alpha (ἀ-) meaning 'not' or 'without', and σῶμα (sōma) meaning 'body'. Thus, it literally means 'without a body'.

G2523

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: kar-THEN-tes

Translations: having sat down, having been seated, having settled

Notes: The word "ΚΑΡΘΕΝΤΕΣ" appears to be a misspelling or a corrupted form of "ΚΑΘΙΣΑΝΤΕΣ" (kathisantes) or "ΚΑΘΕΝΤΕΣ" (kathentes), which are aorist active participles of the verb "ΚΑΘΙΖΩ" (kathizo). This verb means "to sit down," "to cause to sit," or "to settle." As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, often functioning like an adjective or adverb, indicating that someone or something has performed the action of sitting or being seated.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΗΜΕΝΟΙ, ΕΔΡΑΣΑΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The verb ΚΑΘΙΖΩ (kathizo) is derived from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down,' and the verb ἹΖΩ (hizo), meaning 'to seat' or 'to sit.' Thus, it literally means 'to sit down' or 'to cause to sit down.'

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G4151

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PNEV-mah-tee

Translations: (to) spirit, (to) a spirit, (to) wind, (to) a wind, (to) breath, (to) a breath, (to) the Spirit, (to) Holy Spirit, (to) mind, (to) disposition

Notes: This word refers to spirit, wind, or breath. In a theological context, it often refers to the Holy Spirit. It can also denote a person's inner disposition or mind. As a dative case, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to' or 'for' the spirit/wind/breath, or the instrument by which something is done, meaning 'by' or 'with' the spirit/wind/breath.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΨΥΧΗ, ΑΝΕΜΟΣ

G1223

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G3778

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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G2706

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-froh-NEH-sahn

Translations: they despised, they scorned, they looked down on, they disdained

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, 'down') and the verb φρονέω (phroneō, 'to think, to have understanding'). It means to look down upon someone or something, to despise, scorn, or treat with contempt. It implies a strong negative judgment or a feeling of superiority. It is often used to describe a lack of respect or a dismissive attitude towards laws, people, or teachings.

Inflection: Aorist Indicative, Active Voice, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡΦΡΟΝΕΩ, ΑΘΕΤΕΩ, ΟΛΙΓΩΡΕΩ

Etymology: The word καταφρονέω is derived from the prefix κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb φρονέω (phroneō), meaning 'to think, to have understanding, to be minded'. The combination suggests thinking down upon or having a mindset against something.

G1161

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G5228

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-PER

Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than

Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.

G4906

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-FAH-gen

Translations: ate with, did eat with, ate together, dined with

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to eat with' or 'to dine together'. It describes the act of sharing a meal with others. The prefix 'συν-' (syn-) means 'with' or 'together', and the root verb 'φάγω' (phagō) means 'to eat'. It is used to indicate companionship during a meal.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΔΕΙΠΝΕΩ, ΣΥΝΕΣΘΙΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΜΦΑΓΩ is a compound of the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb φάγω (phagō), meaning 'to eat'.

G5613

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G4559

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: sar-ki-KOS

Translations: fleshly, carnal, worldly, human

Notes: This adjective describes something pertaining to the flesh or human nature, often implying a focus on earthly or physical desires rather than spiritual ones. It can also simply mean 'human' or 'mortal' in contrast to divine or spiritual beings. It is derived from the noun 'sarx' (flesh).

Inflection: Nominative, Masculine, Singular; or Nominative, Feminine, Singular; or Accusative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΩΜΑΤΙΚΟΣ, ΒΙΩΤΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΑΡΚΙΚΟΣ (sarkikos) is derived from the Koine Greek noun ΣΑΡΞ (sarx), meaning 'flesh' or 'body'. The suffix -ικος (-ikos) is used to form adjectives indicating 'pertaining to' or 'of the nature of'.

G2539

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: KAI-per

Translations: although, though, even though, even if, notwithstanding

Notes: This word is a compound particle used to introduce a concessive clause, meaning 'although' or 'even though'. It indicates that something is true despite a contrary condition or circumstance. It often appears with a participle, expressing a concession.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ ΚΑΙ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: ΚΑΙΠΕΡ is a compound word formed from the conjunction ΚΑΙ (kai), meaning 'and' or 'even', and the particle ΠΕΡ (per), which is an intensive particle. Together, they form a strong concessive meaning.

G4153

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: pnyoo-mah-tee-KOS

Translations: spiritually, in a spiritual manner

Notes: This word describes an action or state that is done or exists in a spiritual way, as opposed to a physical or worldly way. It indicates something pertaining to the spirit, or influenced by the Holy Spirit. It is often used to contrast with things that are carnal or fleshly.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΝΕΥΜΑΤΙΚΩΣ

Etymology: The word derives from the Greek noun ΠΝΕΥΜΑ (pneuma), meaning 'spirit' or 'wind', and the suffix -τικως (-tikos), which forms adverbs from adjectives. Thus, it means 'in a manner pertaining to the spirit'.

G1727

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: hay-NO-meh-nos

Translations: united, joined, made one, being united, having been united

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle derived from the verb 'henoō', meaning 'to unite' or 'to make one'. As a participle, it describes someone or something that has been united or made one. It is used to indicate a state of being joined or in agreement with another, often implying a deep spiritual or relational connection. For example, it can describe a person who is united with God or with a community.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΗΜΜΕΝΟΣ, ΣΥΝΔΕΔΕΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἑνόω (henoō) comes from the Greek word ἕν (hen), meaning 'one'. It signifies the act of bringing together into a single unit or state of oneness.

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