Ignatius’ Letter to the Smyrnaeans Chapter 8, Interlinear version from Ignatius of Antioch (Beta)

Ignatius’ Letter to the Smyrnaeans, Chapter 8

Interlinear version from Ignatius of Antioch (Beta)

8:1

ΠΑΝΤΕΣ
- PANTES
- all
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ἘΠΙΣΚΟΠΩ
- EPISKOPŌ
- overseer
ἈΚΟΛΟΥΘΕΙΤΕ
- AKOLOUTHEITE
- follow
ΩΣ
- ŌS
- as
ἸΗΣΟΥΣ
- IĒSOUS
- Jesus
ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ
- CHRISTOS
- Anointed-One
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ΠΑΤΡΙ
- PATRI
- Father
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΕΡἸΩ
- PRESBYTERIŌ
- body-of-elders
ΩΣ
- ŌS
- as
ΤΟΙΣ
- TOIS
- to-the
ἈΠΟΣΤΟΛΟΙΣ
- APOSTOLOIS
- messengers
ΤΟΥΣ
- TOUS
- the
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ΔΙΑΚΟΝΟΥΣ
- DIAKONOUS
- servants
ἘΝΤΡΕΠΕΣΘΕ
- ENTREPESTHE
- respect
ΩΣ
- ŌS
- as
ΘΕΟΥ
- THEOU
- of-God
ἘΝΤΟΛΗΝ
- ENTOLĒN
- [a] command
ΜΗΔΕΙΣ
- MĒDEIS
- no-one
ΧΩΡΙΣ
- CHŌRIS
- apart-from
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- of-the
ἘΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΥ
- EPISKOPOU
- overseer
ΤΙ
- TI
- anything
ΠΡΑΣΣΕΤΩ
- PRASSETŌ
- let-him-do
ΤΩΝ
- TŌN
- of-the-things
ἈΝΗΚΟΝΤΩΝ
- ANĒKONTŌN
- belonging
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- to
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ἘΚΚΛΗΣΙΑΝ
- EKKLĒSIAN
- congregation
ἘΚΕΙΝΗ
- EKEINĒ
- that
ΒΕΒΑΙΑ
- BEBAIA
- certain
ΕΥ̓ΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΑ
- EUCHARISTIA
- thanksgiving
ΗΓΕΙΣΘΩ
- ĒGEISTHŌ
- let-it-be-considered
Η
- Ē
- which
ΥΠΟ
- YPO
- by
ἘΠΙΣΟΠΟΝ
- EPISOPON
- [an] overseer
ΟΥ̓ΣΑ
- OUSA
- being
Ἠ
- Ē
- or
Ω
- Ō
- to-whom
ἈΝ
- AN
- ever
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ
- AUTOS
- he
ἘΠΙΤΡΕΨΗ
- EPITREPSĒ
- may-permit

8:2

ΟΠΟΥ
- OPOU
- where
ἈΝ
- AN
- ever
ΦΑΝΗ
- PHANĒ
- appears
Ο
- O
- the
ἘΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΣ
- EPISKOPOS
- overseer
ἘΚΕΙ
- EKEI
- there
ΤΟ
- TO
- the
ΠΛΗΘΟΣ
- PLĒTHOS
- multitude
ἨΤΩ
- ĒTŌ
- let-it-be
ΩΣΠΕΡ
- ŌSPER
- just-as
ΟΠΟΥ
- OPOU
- where
ἈΝ
- AN
- ever
Η
- Ē
- is
ἸΗΣΟΥΣ
- IĒSOUS
- Jesus
ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ
- CHRISTOS
- Anointed-One
ἘΚΕΙ
- EKEI
- there
Η
- Ē
- the
ΚΑΘΟΛΙΚΗ
- KATHOLIKĒ
- universal
ἘΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ
- EKKLĒSIA
- congregation
ΟΥ̓Κ
- OUK
- not
ἘΞΟΝ
- EXON
- lawful
ἘΣΤΙΝ
- ESTIN
- it-is
ΧΩΡΙΣ
- CHŌRIS
- apart-from
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- of-the
ἘΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΥ
- EPISKOPOU
- overseer
ΟΥ̓ΤΕ
- OUTE
- neither
ΒΑΠΤΙΖΕΙΝ
- BAPTIZEIN
- to-immerse
ΟΥ̓ΤΕ
- OUTE
- nor
ἈΓΑΠΗΝ
- AGAPĒN
- love-feast
ΠΟΙΕΙΝ
- POIEIN
- to-make
ἈΛΛ
- ALL
- but
Ο
- O
- that-which
ἈΝ
- AN
- ever
ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ
- EKEINOS
- he
ΔΟΚΙΜΑΣΗ
- DOKIMASĒ
- approves
ΤΟΥΤΟ
- TOUTO
- this
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- also
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ΘΕΩ
- THEŌ
- God
ΕΥ̓ΑΡΕΣΤΟΝ
- EUARESTON
- well-pleasing
ΙΝΑ
- INA
- in-order-that
ἈΣΦΑΛΕΣ
- ASPHALES
- safe
Ἠ
- Ē
- it-may-be
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΒΕΒΑΙΟΝ
- BEBAION
- sure
ΠΑΝ
- PAN
- everything
Ο
- O
- which
ΠΡΑΣΣΕΤΕ
- PRASSETE
- you-do

G1985

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-is-ko-POH

Translations: to oversee, to inspect, to visit, to look after, to supervise

Notes: This verb means to look over, inspect, or supervise. It implies a careful examination or oversight, often with the purpose of providing care or direction. It can be used in contexts of managing affairs, visiting people, or observing events.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular (I oversee); or Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular (overseeing)

Synonyms: ΕΦΟΡΑΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ, ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the verb ΣΚΟΠΕΩ (skopeō), meaning 'to look' or 'to observe'. Thus, it literally means 'to look over' or 'to oversee'.

G190

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-koh-loo-THEY-teh

Translations: follow, accompany, go along with, attend, you all follow

Notes: This word means to follow, accompany, or go along with someone or something. It implies moving in the same direction or adhering to a leader or principle. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀκόλουθος' (akolouthos), meaning 'following' or 'attendant', and the verb suffix '-έω' (-eō).

Inflection: Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Plural

Synonyms: ἙΠΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΩΚΩ, ΠΑΡΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΕΩ

Etymology: The word ἀκολουθέω (akoloutheō) is derived from ἀκόλουθος (akolouthos), meaning 'following' or 'attendant'. This noun is formed from the prefix ἀ- (a-), which is a connective particle, and κέλευθος (keleuthos), meaning 'path' or 'way'. Thus, it literally means 'one who is on the same path'.

G5613

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G2424

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-ay-SOOS

Translations: Jesus, Joshua

Notes: This is a proper name, transliterated from the Hebrew name Yeshua or Yehoshua. It refers to the central figure of Christianity, Jesus Christ, or to Joshua, the successor of Moses in the Old Testament. It is used to identify a specific individual.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The Koine Greek name Ἰησοῦς (Iēsous) is a transliteration of the Hebrew name יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (Yehoshua), meaning 'Yahweh is salvation' or 'Yahweh saves'. It is also related to the shorter form יֵשׁוּעַ (Yeshua).

G5547

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Noun

Sounds like: khree-STOSS

Translations: Christ, Anointed One, Messiah, a Christ, an Anointed One

Notes: This word refers to the 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. In the New Testament, it is predominantly used as a title for Jesus, identifying him as the promised Messiah. It can also be used more generally to refer to anyone who has been anointed, such as a king or priest.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ

Etymology: From the Koine Greek verb χρίω (chriō), meaning 'to anoint'. The noun form refers to someone who has been anointed, typically for a special office or purpose.

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G4244

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pres-by-TEH-ree-oh

Translations: (to) the presbytery, (to) the council of elders, (to) the body of elders

Notes: This word refers to a body or council of elders, often in an ecclesiastical or religious context. It denotes a group of older, respected individuals who hold authority or leadership positions within a community or church. It is used in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, such as giving something to or following someone.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΓΕΡΟΥΣΙΑ, ΣΥΝΕΔΡΙΟΝ

G0652

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-po-STO-loys

Translations: to apostles, for apostles

Notes: This word refers to those who are sent out with a specific mission or message, often with authority. In a Christian context, it most commonly refers to the twelve disciples of Jesus Christ who were sent out to preach the Gospel, or to other early Christian leaders like Paul who were given a special commission. It is used here in the dative case, indicating the recipient or beneficiary of an action, such as following or giving something to them.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΚΕΣ, ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΣΤΑΙ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G1161

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G1791

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-TREP-es-theh

Translations: respect, reverence, be ashamed, put to shame

Notes: This verb means to turn oneself towards someone or something, implying a sense of respect or reverence. It can also mean to be ashamed or to put someone to shame, depending on the context and voice. In the middle voice, it often conveys the sense of being ashamed or having respect for someone. It is used to express the idea of showing deference or feeling a sense of disgrace.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Imperative Mood, 2nd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΑΙΔΕΟΜΑΙ, ΣΕΒΟΜΑΙ

G3588, G3778

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G5101

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G0433

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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: an-EE-kon-ton

Translations: of those belonging to, of things belonging to, of what is fitting, of what is proper, of what is appropriate

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ανήκω', meaning 'to belong to', 'to be fitting', or 'to be proper'. It describes something that pertains to or is appropriate for a person or situation. In its genitive plural form, it refers to 'those things' or 'those people' that belong to or are fitting for someone or something.

Inflection: Participle, Present, Active, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΗΚΟΝΤΩΝ, ΟΦΕΙΛΟΜΕΝΩΝ

G1519

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G1577

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ek-klee-SEE-an

Translations: assembly, a church, the church, a congregation, the congregation

Notes: This word refers to an assembly or a gathering of people, often for a specific purpose. In the New Testament, it commonly refers to the Christian church or a local congregation of believers. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐκ' (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call'. Thus, it literally means 'a calling out' or 'those called out'. It can be used in sentences like 'They gathered the assembly' or 'He spoke to the church'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩΓΗ, ΟΜΙΛΙΑ, ΣΥΝΟΔΟΣ

G2169

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: yoo-kha-ris-TEE-ah

Translations: thanksgiving, a thanksgiving, gratitude, thankfulness, Eucharist

Notes: This word refers to the act of giving thanks or expressing gratitude. It can also refer to the feeling of thankfulness itself. In a religious context, it is often used to denote the Christian sacrament of the Eucharist or Holy Communion, which is a service of thanksgiving. It is a compound word derived from the Greek words 'eu' (good, well) and 'charis' (grace, favor, gift).

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΛΟΓΙΑ, ΔΟΞΑ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek εὐχαριστία (eukharistía), meaning 'gratitude, thankfulness'. It is a compound of εὖ (eu, 'good, well') and χάρις (kháris, 'grace, favor, gift').

G3588, G3739, G2228

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G5259

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G1985

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-pee-SKOH-pon

Translations: a bishop, overseer, superintendent

Notes: This word is likely a misspelling of "ἘΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΝ" (episkopon), which is the accusative singular form of "ἘΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΣ" (episkopos). It refers to an overseer, supervisor, or bishop, particularly in an ecclesiastical context. It describes someone who has the responsibility of watching over or superintending others, often in a spiritual or administrative capacity. It would be used as the direct object of a verb.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΕΡΟΣ, ΔΙΑΚΟΝΟΣ

G5607

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: OO-sah

Translations: being, existing, that is, who is, a being, the one being

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It describes something that is in a state of being or existence. It is used to qualify a noun, often translated as 'being', 'existing', or 'that is/who is'. In this form, it is feminine, singular, and can be either nominative or accusative, depending on its role in the sentence.

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ὙΠΑΡΧΟΥΣΑ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΗ

G2228, G3588

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

G5599, G3739

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Part of Speech: Letter, Interjection, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-meh-gah (as a letter); OH (as an interjection); OH (as a pronoun)

Translations: Omega, O, Oh, the end, the last, (to) whom, (to) which, (to) what, (to) that, (to) who, (to) those, (to) whomsoever, (to) whatsoever

Notes: This character, Omega, is the twenty-fourth and final letter of the Greek alphabet. As a letter, it represents the long 'o' sound. It can also function as an interjection, similar to 'O' or 'Oh' in English, used for direct address or exclamation. Furthermore, without diacritics, 'Ω' can represent the dative singular form of the relative pronoun 'ὅς, ἥ, ὅ', meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what', depending on context and gender. It can refer to a person or thing that is the indirect object of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a letter or interjection); Dative, Singular, All genders (as a relative pronoun)

Etymology: The letter Omega is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'. Its name literally means 'great O' (ō mega), distinguishing it from Omicron ('small O'). As a relative pronoun, it originates from Proto-Indo-European roots.

G0302

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Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: AHN

Translations: if, ever, might, would, should

Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.

G0846

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very

Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G1985

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ep-is-KOP-os

Translations: overseer, a bishop, superintendent, guardian

Notes: This word refers to an overseer, a superintendent, or a guardian. In a religious context, it often denotes a bishop or an elder who has oversight of a church or community. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐπί' (epi), meaning 'over' or 'upon,' and 'σκοπέω' (skopeō), meaning 'to look' or 'to watch.' Thus, it literally means 'one who looks over' or 'one who watches over.'

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΕΡΟΣ, ΠΟΙΜΗΝ, ΗΓΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΣ is derived from the Greek preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'over' or 'upon,' and the verb σκοπέω (skopeō), meaning 'to look,' 'to watch,' or 'to observe.' It describes someone who has the function of looking over or watching over something or someone.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G4128

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-thoss

Translations: multitude, a multitude, crowd, a crowd, great number, abundance, a great number

Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things. It can be used to describe a crowd of people, a large amount of something, or a general abundance. For example, it might refer to a large gathering of disciples or a great quantity of fish.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΑΓΕΛΗ

Etymology: From the Greek root *pleth-* meaning 'to be full' or 'to fill'. It is related to words indicating fullness or abundance.

G5618

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OH-sper

Translations: just as, as, even as, like, in the same way as

Notes: This word functions as a comparative adverb or conjunction, meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a clause that draws a comparison or analogy, indicating that something is happening or is true in the same manner or degree as something else. It emphasizes the similarity between two things or actions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs, "as") and the particle περ (per, "indeed, very"), emphasizing the comparison.

G2513

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ka-tho-li-KEE

Translations: universal, catholic, a universal (one), a catholic (one)

Notes: This word describes something that is general, universal, or pertaining to the whole. In a religious context, it refers to the entire body of believers or the church as a whole, encompassing all places and times. It is the origin of the English word 'catholic'. It is often used to describe the church as being worldwide or all-encompassing.

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΟΙΝΟΣ, ΟΛΟΣ, ΠΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΘΟΛΙΚΟΣ (katholikos) is a compound word derived from the Greek preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'according to' or 'down from', and the adjective ΟΛΟΣ (holos), meaning 'whole' or 'entire'. Thus, it literally means 'according to the whole' or 'concerning the whole'.

G1577

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ek-klee-SEE-ah

Translations: assembly, an assembly, church, a church, congregation, a congregation, (to) assembly, (to) church, (to) congregation

Notes: This word refers to a gathering or assembly of people, often called together for a specific purpose. In ancient Greek contexts, it could refer to a political assembly of citizens. In the New Testament, it primarily refers to the Christian church, either a local congregation or the universal body of believers. It can be used to describe both the physical gathering of people and the spiritual entity.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative or Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩΓΗ, ΟΜΙΛΙΑ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the Greek preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb καλέω (kaleō), meaning 'to call'. Thus, it literally means 'a calling out' or 'those called out'.

G3756

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G1832

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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: EX-on

Translations: it is lawful, it is permitted, it is possible, being lawful, being permitted, being possible

Notes: This word is the neuter singular present active participle of the impersonal verb ἔξεστι (exesti), which means 'it is lawful,' 'it is permitted,' or 'it is possible.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing something that is lawful, permitted, or possible. It is often used in constructions where something is allowed or permissible.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΘΕΜΙΣ, ΔΥΝΑΤΟΝ

G4160

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: poy-EH-in

Translations: to do, to make, to produce, to create, to perform, to accomplish, to bring about

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. It is a very common verb in Koine Greek and can be used in a wide range of contexts, from physical actions like making something, to abstract actions like performing a deed or bringing something about. It often indicates the execution of an action or the creation of an object.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word 'ποιέω' (poieō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to an old root meaning 'to make' or 'to create'.

G0243

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Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G1565

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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAY-nos

Translations: that, that one, he, she, it, those, they

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective meaning 'that' or 'that one'. As a pronoun, it refers to a person or thing previously mentioned or understood from context, often emphasizing distance or distinction from the speaker or listener. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating 'that' specific noun. It is used to point out something or someone 'over there' or 'the one previously mentioned', contrasting with 'this' (οὗτος).

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: From ἐκεῖ (ekeî, 'there'). It refers to something or someone at a distance, contrasting with οὗτος (hoûtos, 'this one, here').

G1382

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: doh-kee-MAH-see

Translations: testing, a testing, proving, a proving, approval, an approval, trial, a trial, experience, an experience

Notes: This word refers to the act of testing or proving something, often with the aim of discerning its genuineness, quality, or worth. It can also denote the result of such a test, leading to approval or a state of being approved. It is used to describe a process of examination or a period of trial.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΕΙΡΑ, ΔΟΚΙΜΗ, ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΔΟΚΙΜΑΣΙΑ (dokimasia) is derived from the verb δοκιμάζω (dokimazo), meaning 'to test, prove, or approve'. It is related to δόκιμος (dokimos), meaning 'approved, tested, or genuine'.

G3778

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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G2101

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: yoo-AR-es-ton

Translations: well-pleasing, acceptable, pleasing, a well-pleasing thing, an acceptable thing

Notes: This word describes something that is pleasing or acceptable, often in a moral or spiritual sense. It is frequently used to describe actions or attitudes that are agreeable to God or to others. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a substantive (acting like a noun) meaning 'that which is pleasing' or 'a pleasing thing'.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΟΚΙΜΟΣ, ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΑΓΑΘΟΣ

G2443

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EE-nah

Translations: in order that, that, so that, to

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.

G0795

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: as-fa-LES

Translations: safe, secure, certain, sure, a safe thing, a certain thing

Notes: This word describes something as safe, secure, or certain. It implies a state of being free from danger, doubt, or risk. It can be used to describe a place, a fact, or a condition that is reliable and trustworthy.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΒΕΒΑΙΟΣ, ΣΤΕΡΕΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΣΦΑΛΗΣ (asphalēs) comes from the prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and σφάλλω (sphallō), meaning 'to cause to fall' or 'to stumble'. Thus, it literally means 'not falling' or 'unfailing', leading to the sense of secure, safe, and certain.

G3956

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: PAN

Translations: all, every, whole, everything, a whole

Notes: This word is the neuter nominative or accusative singular form of the adjective/pronoun ΠΑΣ (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate totality or universality. For example, it can mean 'all things' or 'everything' when used substantively, or 'the whole' when modifying a singular noun. It can also be used to mean 'every' when referring to individual items within a group.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΣ (pas) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂- meaning 'to protect, feed'. Its meaning evolved to 'all' or 'whole' in Greek.

G4238

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: PRAS-seh-teh

Translations: you do, you practice, you perform, you accomplish, do!, practice!, perform!, accomplish!

Notes: This word means to do, practice, perform, or accomplish something. It can refer to carrying out an action, engaging in a habit, or achieving a result. It is often used in the sense of 'to be engaged in' or 'to be occupied with'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative or Imperative, 2nd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΑΣΣΩ (prassō) comes from an older form *πράττω (prattō), which is related to the noun πρᾶξις (praxis), meaning 'a doing' or 'action'. Its ultimate origin is uncertain, but it is thought to be of pre-Greek origin or from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to pass over, to cross, to accomplish'.

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