2 John Chapter 1, Interlinear version from Tischendorf's Greek New Testament (Beta)

2 John, Chapter 1

Interlinear version from Tischendorf's Greek New Testament (Beta)

1:1
1:2
1:3
1:4
1:5
1:6
1:7
1:8
1:9
1:10
1:11
1:12
1:13

1:1

Ο
- O
- the
ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΕΡΟΣ
- PRESBYTEROS
- elder
ἘΚΛΕΚΤΗ
- EKLEKTĒ
- chosen
ΚΥΡΙΑ
- KYRIA
- lady
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΤΟΙΣ
- TOIS
- to-the
ΤΕΚΝΟΙΣ
- TEKNOIS
- children
ΑΥ̓ΤΗΣ
- AUTĒS
- of-her
ΟΥΣ
- OUS
- whom
ἘΓΩ
- EGŌ
- I
ἈΓΑΠΩ
- AGAPŌ
- love
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ἈΛΗΘΕΙΑ
- ALĒTHEIA
- truth
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΟΥ̓Κ
- OUK
- not
ἘΓΩ
- EGŌ
- I
ΜΟΝΟΣ
- MONOS
- alone
ἈΛΛΑ
- ALLA
- but
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- also
ΠΑΝΤΕΣ
- PANTES
- all
ΟΙ
- OI
- the
ἘΓΝΩΚΟΤΕΣ
- EGNŌKOTES
- ones-having-known
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ἈΛΗΘΕΙΑΝ
- ALĒTHEIAN
- truth

1:2

ΔΙΑ
- DIA
- through
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ἈΛΗΘΕΙΑΝ
- ALĒTHEIAN
- truth
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ΜΕΝΟΥΣΑΝ
- MENOUSAN
- remaining
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΗΜΙΝ
- ĒMIN
- us
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΜΕΘ
- METH
- with
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- us
ἘΣΤΑΙ
- ESTAI
- it-will-be
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- into
ΤΟΝ
- TON
- the
ΑἸΩΝΑ
- AIŌNA
- age

1:3

ἘΣΤΑΙ
- ESTAI
- it-will-be
ΜΕΘ
- METH
- with
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- us
ΧΑΡΙΣ
- CHARIS
- grace
ἘΛΕΟΣ
- ELEOS
- mercy
ΕἸΡΗΝΗ
- EIRĒNĒ
- peace
ΠΑΡΑ
- PARA
- from
ΘΕΟΥ
- THEOU
- God
ΠΑΤΡΟΣ
- PATROS
- Father
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΠΑΡΑ
- PARA
- from
ἸΗΣΟΥ
- IĒSOU
- Jesus
ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥ
- CHRISTOU
- Anointed-One
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- the
ΥΙΟΥ
- UIOU
- son
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- of-the
ΠΑΤΡΟΣ
- PATROS
- Father
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ἈΛΗΘΕΙΑ
- ALĒTHEIA
- truth
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ἈΓΑΠΗ
- AGAPĒ
- love

1:4

ἘΧΑΡΗΝ
- ECHARĒN
- I-rejoiced
ΛΙΑΝ
- LIAN
- greatly
ΟΤΙ
- OTI
- that
ΕΥΡΗΚΑ
- EURĒKA
- I-found
ἘΚ
- EK
- from
ΤΩΝ
- TŌN
- the
ΤΕΚΝΩΝ
- TEKNŌN
- children
ΣΟΥ
- SOU
- your
ΠΕΡΙΠΑΤΟΥΝΤΑΣ
- PERIPATOUNTAS
- walking
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ἈΛΗΘΕΙΑ
- ALĒTHEIA
- truth
ΚΑΘΩΣ
- KATHŌS
- just-as
ἘΝΤΟΛΗΝ
- ENTOLĒN
- [a] command
ἘΛΑΒΟΜΕΝ
- ELABOMEN
- we-received
ΠΑΡΑ
- PARA
- from
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- the
ΠΑΤΡΟΣ
- PATROS
- Father

1:5

ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΝΥΝ
- NYN
- now
ἘΡΩΤΩ
- ERŌTŌ
- I-ask
ΣΕ
- SE
- you
ΚΥΡΙΑ
- KYRIA
- lady
ΟΥ̓Χ
- OUCH
- not
ΩΣ
- ŌS
- as
ἘΝΤΟΛΗΝ
- ENTOLĒN
- command
ΚΑΙΝΗΝ
- KAINĒN
- new
ΓΡΑΦΩΝ
- GRAPHŌN
- writing
ΣΟΙ
- SOI
- to-you
ἈΛΛΑ
- ALLA
- but
ΗΝ
- ĒN
- which
ΕἸΧΑΜΕΝ
- EICHAMEN
- we-had
ἈΠ
- AP
- from
ἈΡΧΗΣ
- ARCHĒS
- beginning
ΙΝΑ
- INA
- in-order-that
ἈΓΑΠΩΜΕΝ
- AGAPŌMEN
- we-may-love
ἈΛΛΗΛΟΥΣ
- ALLĒLOUS
- one-another

1:6

ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΑΥΤΗ
- AUTĒ
- this
ἘΣΤΙΝ
- ESTIN
- is
Η
- Ē
- the
ἈΓΑΠΗ
- AGAPĒ
- love
ΙΝΑ
- INA
- that
ΠΕΡΙΠΑΤΩΜΕΝ
- PERIPATŌMEN
- we-walk
ΚΑΤΑ
- KATA
- according-to
ΤΑΣ
- TAS
- the
ἘΝΤΟΛΑΣ
- ENTOLAS
- commands
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ
- AUTOU
- of-him
ΑΥΤΗ
- AUTĒ
- this
Η
- Ē
- the
ἘΝΤΟΛΗ
- ENTOLĒ
- command
ἘΣΤΙΝ
- ESTIN
- is
ΙΝΑ
- INA
- that
ΚΑΘΩΣ
- KATHŌS
- just-as
ἨΚΟΥΣΑΤΕ
- ĒKOUSATE
- you-heard
ἈΠ
- AP
- from
ἈΡΧΗΣ
- ARCHĒS
- beginning
ΙΝΑ
- INA
- that
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΑΥ̓ΤΗ
- AUTĒ
- it
ΠΕΡΙΠΑΤΗΤΕ
- PERIPATĒTE
- you-walk

1:7

ΟΤΙ
- OTI
- because
ΠΟΛΛΟΙ
- POLLOI
- many
ΠΛΑΝΟΙ
- PLANOI
- deceivers
ἘΞΗΛΘΑΝ
- EXĒLTHAN
- went-out
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- into
ΤΟΝ
- TON
- the
ΚΟΣΜΟΝ
- KOSMON
- world
ΟΙ
- OI
- the-ones
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ΟΜΟΛΟΓΟΥΝΤΕΣ
- OMOLOGOUNTES
- confessing
ἸΗΣΟΥΝ
- IĒSOUN
- Jesus
ΧΡΙΣΤΟΝ
- CHRISTON
- Anointed-One
ἘΡΧΟΜΕΝΟΝ
- ERCHOMENON
- coming
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΣΑΡΚΙ
- SARKI
- flesh
ΟΥΤΟΣ
- OUTOS
- this-one
ἘΣΤΙΝ
- ESTIN
- is
Ο
- O
- the
ΠΛΑΝΟΣ
- PLANOS
- deceiver
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
Ο
- O
- the
ἈΝΤΙΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ
- ANTICHRISTOS
- opposer-of-Anointed-One

1:8

ΒΛΕΠΕΤΕ
- BLEPETE
- look-out
ΕΑΥΤΟΥΣ
- EAUTOUS
- yourselves
ΙΝΑ
- INA
- so-that
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ἈΠΟΛΕΣΗΤΕ
- APOLESĒTE
- you-might-lose
Α
- A
- what
ΕἸΡΓΑΣΑΣΘΕ
- EIRGASASTHE
- you-worked
ἈΛΛΑ
- ALLA
- but
ΜΙΣΘΟΝ
- MISTHON
- reward
ΠΛΗΡΗ
- PLĒRĒ
- full
ἈΠΟΛΑΒΗΤΕ
- APOLABĒTE
- you-might-receive

1:9

ΠΑΣ
- PAS
- every-one
Ο
- O
- the-one
ΠΡΟΑΓΩΝ
- PROAGŌN
- going-on-ahead
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ΜΕΝΩΝ
- MENŌN
- remaining
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΤΗ
- TĒ
- the
ΔΙΔΑΧΗ
- DIDACHĒ
- teaching
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- of-the
ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥ
- CHRISTOU
- Anointed-One
ΘΕΟΝ
- THEON
- God
ΟΥ̓Κ
- OUK
- not
ἘΧΕΙ
- ECHEI
- has
Ο
- O
- the-one
ΜΕΝΩΝ
- MENŌN
- remaining
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΤΗ
- TĒ
- the
ΔΙΔΑΧΗ
- DIDACHĒ
- teaching
ΟΥΤΟΣ
- OUTOS
- this-one
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- both
ΤΟΝ
- TON
- the
ΠΑΤΕΡΑ
- PATERA
- Father
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΤΟΝ
- TON
- the
ΥΙΟΝ
- UION
- Son
ἘΧΕΙ
- ECHEI
- has

1:10

ΕἸ
- EI
- if
ΤΙΣ
- TIS
- anyone
ἘΡΧΕΤΑΙ
- ERCHETAI
- comes
ΠΡΟΣ
- PROS
- to
ΥΜΑΣ
- YMAS
- you
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΤΑΥΤΗΝ
- TAUTĒN
- this
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ΔΙΔΑΧΗΝ
- DIDACHĒN
- teaching
ΟΥ̓
- OU
- not
ΦΕΡΕΙ
- PHEREI
- brings
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ΛΑΜΒΑΝΕΤΕ
- LAMBANETE
- receive
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΝ
- AUTON
- him
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- into
ΟἸΚΙΑΝ
- OIKIAN
- house
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΧΑΙΡΕΙΝ
- CHAIREIN
- greetings
ΑΥ̓ΤΩ
- AUTŌ
- to-him
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ΛΕΓΕΤΕ
- LEGETE
- say

1:11

Ο
- O
- the-one
ΛΕΓΩΝ
- LEGŌN
- saying
ΓΑΡ
- GAR
- for
ΑΥ̓ΤΩ
- AUTŌ
- to-him
ΧΑΙΡΕΙΝ
- CHAIREIN
- rejoice
ΚΟΙΝΩΝΕΙ
- KOINŌNEI
- shares-in
ΤΟΙΣ
- TOIS
- to-the
ἘΡΓΟΙΣ
- ERGOIS
- works
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ
- AUTOU
- of-him
ΤΟΙΣ
- TOIS
- the
ΠΟΝΗΡΟΙΣ
- PONĒROIS
- evil

1:12

ΠΟΛΛΑ
- POLLA
- many
ἘΧΩΝ
- ECHŌN
- having
ΥΜΙΝ
- YMIN
- to-you
ΓΡΑΦΕΙΝ
- GRAPHEIN
- to-write
ΟΥ̓Κ
- OUK
- not
ἘΒΟΥΛΗΘΗΝ
- EBOULĒTHĒN
- I-wished
ΔΙΑ
- DIA
- through
ΧΑΡΤΟΥ
- CHARTOU
- paper
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΜΕΛΑΝΟΣ
- MELANOS
- ink
ἈΛΛΑ
- ALLA
- but
ἘΛΠΙΖΩ
- ELPIZŌ
- I-hope
ΓΕΝΕΣΘΑΙ
- GENESTHAI
- to-be
ΠΡΟΣ
- PROS
- to
ΥΜΑΣ
- YMAS
- you
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΣΤΟΜΑ
- STOMA
- mouth
ΠΡΟΣ
- PROS
- to
ΣΤΟΜΑ
- STOMA
- mouth
ΛΑΛΗΣΑΙ
- LALĒSAI
- to-speak
ΙΝΑ
- INA
- so-that
Η
- Ē
- may-be
ΧΑΡΑ
- CHARA
- the-joy
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- of-us
ΠΕΠΛΗΡΩΜΕΝΗ
- PEPLĒRŌMENĒ
- having-been-made-full
Ἠ
- Ē
- may-be

1:13

ἈΣΠΑΖΕΤΑΙ
- ASPAZETAI
- greets
ΣΕ
- SE
- you
ΤΑ
- TA
- the
ΤΕΚΝΑ
- TEKNA
- children
ΤΗΣ
- TĒS
- of-the
ἈΔΕΛΦΗΣ
- ADELPHĒS
- sister
ΣΟΥ
- SOU
- of-you
ΤΗΣ
- TĒS
- of-the
ἘΚΛΕΚΤΗΣ
- EKLEKTĒS
- chosen-one

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G4245

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: pres-BYOO-teh-ros

Translations: older, elder, an elder, old man, an old man

Notes: This word describes someone who is older in age or more advanced in years. It can be used as an adjective to describe an older person, or as a noun referring to an 'elder' or 'old man'. In a religious context, particularly in early Christianity, it refers to a leader or official in the church, often translated as 'elder' or 'presbyter'.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΓΕΡΩΝ, ΠΡΕΣΒΥΣ

Etymology: From the comparative form of the adjective πρέσβυς (presbys), meaning 'old' or 'elderly'. It literally means 'older'.

G1588

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ek-LEK-tay

Translations: chosen, elect, choice, excellent, a chosen one, an elect one

Notes: This word describes someone or something that has been selected or chosen, often implying a special status or quality. It can refer to individuals or groups who are set apart for a particular purpose or are considered superior. It is frequently used in a theological context to refer to those chosen by God.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΚΛΟΓΗ, ΕΠΙΛΕΚΤΟΣ, ΑΓΙΟΣ

Etymology: The root word ΕΚΛΕΚΤΟΣ (eklektos) is derived from the verb ΕΚΛΕΓΩ (eklegō), meaning 'to pick out, choose'. It is formed from the prefix ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of', and the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say, speak', but in this context, it relates to 'to gather, pick'.

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G1473

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-GOH

Translations: I, me

Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.

G1722

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G225

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-lay-THEY-ah

Translations: truth, a truth, reality, veracity, faithfulness

Notes: This word refers to truth, not merely as an abstract concept, but often as a quality of being or action, indicating sincerity, reality, or faithfulness. It can be used to describe something that is factual, genuine, or reliable. For example, one might speak of 'the truth of God' or 'walking in truth'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΗΣ, ΑΛΗΘΙΝΟΣ, ΓΝΩΣΙΣ

Etymology: From ἀληθής (alēthḗs, “true”), from ἀ- (a-, “un-”) + λήθη (lḗthē, “forgetfulness, oblivion”). Thus, literally 'un-forgetfulness' or 'that which is not hidden'.

G3756

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G3441

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MOH-nos

Translations: only, alone, single, a single one

Notes: This word describes something as being unique, solitary, or singular. It emphasizes exclusivity, meaning 'one and no other'. It can be used to describe a person, object, or concept that stands by itself or is the sole instance of something. For example, it can refer to someone being 'alone' or 'the only one' of a kind.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular. This word inflects for gender, number, and case (e.g., feminine ΜΟΝΗ, neuter ΜΟΝΟΝ, plural ΜΟΝΟΙ).

Synonyms: ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ, ΕΙΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *mon- (to remain, stay). It is related to the idea of being fixed or standing alone.

G0235

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G1223

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G3306

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: meh-NOO-san

Translations: remaining, abiding, enduring, a remaining one, an abiding one, an enduring one

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'menō', meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide'. As a participle, it describes something that is in the state of remaining or continuing. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun (e.g., 'the remaining house'), or adverbially, indicating the manner or circumstance of an action (e.g., 'remaining, he saw...'). In this form, it refers to a feminine singular entity that is remaining or abiding.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΜΟΝΙΜΟΣ, ΔΙΑΜΕΝΩΝ, ΕΝΔΙΑΤΡΙΒΩΝ

G3326

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: meth

Translations: with, after, among, by, in company with

Notes: This is an elided form of the preposition 'μετά' (meta), which means 'with' or 'after'. The final alpha (α) is dropped when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark (indicated by the 'θ' which is the first letter of the following word in the examples, 'θύμου'). It indicates association, accompaniment, or sequence in time or order. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'after' or 'behind'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition, but this is an elided form)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- (among, with, in the middle of).

G1519

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G5485

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHA-rees

Translations: grace, a grace, favor, a favor, kindness, a kindness, thanks, gratitude, charm, a charm, delight, a delight

Notes: This word is a feminine noun that generally refers to grace, favor, or kindness. It can also mean thanks or gratitude, especially in expressions like 'to give thanks'. In some contexts, it can refer to charm or delight. It is often used to describe divine favor or unmerited divine assistance given to humans.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΑ, ΕΛΕΟΣ, ΔΩΡΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- ('to desire, to like'). In ancient Greek, it developed to mean 'that which delights' or 'favor'.

G1656

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EH-leh-os

Translations: mercy, a mercy, compassion, pity

Notes: ἘΛΕΟΣ refers to active compassion, pity, or mercy, often extended by a superior to an inferior, or by God to humanity. It implies a deep feeling of sympathy that leads to practical help or forgiveness. It is frequently used in the context of God's benevolent actions towards His people.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΤΙΡΜΟΣ, ΣΠΛΑΓΧΝΑ

Etymology: The etymology of ἘΛΕΟΣ is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to a root meaning 'to feel pity' or 'to be moved by compassion'.

G1515

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: i-RAY-nay

Translations: peace, a peace

Notes: This word refers to a state of tranquility, harmony, and well-being. It can denote an absence of conflict, a sense of inner calm, or a state of reconciliation. It is often used in contexts of spiritual peace or a peaceful relationship between individuals or nations.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΑΛΗΝΗ, ΗΣΥΧΙΑ

Etymology: From a primary verb εἴρω (eirō), meaning 'to join'. The word originally conveyed the idea of binding together or joining, leading to the concept of unity and harmony, and thus peace.

G3844

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: pah-RAH

Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.

G5547

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: khri-STOO

Translations: of Christ, of the Anointed One, of the Messiah

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ' (Christos), meaning 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. It refers to the one chosen and consecrated by God, particularly Jesus. As a genitive case, 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥ' indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated as 'of Christ' or 'belonging to Christ'. It can be used to describe something that pertains to Christ or is from Christ.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ, ΕΚΛΕΚΤΟΣ

G3588, G3778

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G0026

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-GAH-pay

Translations: love, a love, charity

Notes: This word refers to a deep, unconditional, and benevolent love, often used in a spiritual or divine sense. It is a selfless and sacrificial love, distinct from other forms of love like eros (romantic love) or philia (friendship love). It can be used to describe God's love for humanity, or the love that believers should have for God and for one another.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΦΙΛΙΑ, ΕΡΩΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be pre-Greek. It gained prominence in Koine Greek, particularly in the Septuagint and New Testament, where it was chosen to translate the Hebrew word 'ahavah' and to describe a specific kind of divine and selfless love.

G3029

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: LEE-ahn

Translations: very, exceedingly, greatly, much, extremely

Notes: This word is an adverb that means 'very' or 'exceedingly'. It is used to intensify the meaning of an adjective, another adverb, or a verb, indicating a high degree or extent of something. For example, it can be used to say 'very good' or 'greatly rejoice'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΦΟΔΡΑ, ΠΟΛΥ, ΜΑΛΑ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the idea of 'smoothness' or 'plainness', which then developed into the meaning of 'very' or 'exceedingly'.

G3754

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G2147

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: yoo-REE-kah

Translations: I have found, I found

Notes: This word is the first person singular perfect active indicative form of the verb 'ΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ' (heuriskō), meaning 'to find'. It is famously known as an exclamation of triumph upon discovering something, often translated as 'Eureka!' It signifies a completed action with ongoing results, indicating that the speaker has successfully located or discovered something.

Inflection: First person singular, Perfect Active Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΕΠΙΤΥΓΧΑΝΩ

Etymology: The verb 'ΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ' (heuriskō) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'to find' or 'to obtain' in various Indo-European languages.

G4043

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: peh-ree-pah-TOON-tahs

Translations: walking, a walking one, those walking, going about, living, conducting oneself

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to walk'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of walking or going about. In a broader sense, it can also refer to one's manner of life or conduct, indicating how someone lives or behaves.

Inflection: Present, Active, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΒΑΙΝΟΝΤΑΣ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word περιπατέω is a compound word formed from περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and πατέω (pateō), meaning 'to tread' or 'to walk'. Thus, it literally means 'to walk around' or 'to walk about'.

G2531

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: KAH-thohss

Translations: just as, even as, according as, as, exactly as, in proportion as, like, according to, inasmuch as

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'according to') and the adverb ὡς (hōs, meaning 'as' or 'how'). It functions as an adverb or conjunction, primarily used to introduce a comparison, indicating that something is done or happens in the same way as something else. It can also express correspondence or proportion, meaning 'inasmuch as' or 'to the extent that'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition κατά (kata, 'down, according to') and the adverb ὡς (hōs, 'as, how').

G2983

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-LAH-boh-men

Translations: we took, we received, we got, we obtained

Notes: This word is the first person plural aorist indicative active form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take,' 'to receive,' or 'to get.' It indicates a completed action in the past by 'we' (the speaker and their group). It can be used in various contexts, such as taking an object, receiving a gift, or obtaining knowledge.

Inflection: Aorist Indicative, Active Voice, First Person Plural

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ

Etymology: The verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō) comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to grasp' or 'to take.' It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.

G5613

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G1125

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: grah-FOHN

Translations: writing, drawing, recording, one who writes, he who writes

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'to write' or 'to draw'. It describes an action that is currently happening or ongoing. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun (e.g., 'the writing man'), or substantivally, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'the one who writes'). It can also imply the act of recording or registering something.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΡΑΦΩΝ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΩΝ

G4771

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: SOY

Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you

Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.

G2192

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EE-khah-men

Translations: we had, we were having, we possessed, we held

Notes: This is the first person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. The imperfect tense describes an action that was ongoing, repeated, or habitual in the past. Therefore, ΕἸΧΑΜΕΝ means 'we were having' or 'we used to have', emphasizing the continuous nature of the possession or state in the past.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΤΩΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- ('to hold, to have'). Cognate with Sanskrit sáhate ('he overcomes, endures'), Gothic sigis ('victory'), Old English sige ('victory').

G0575

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: AP

Translations: from, away from, of, by, with, after, since

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), which means 'from' or 'away from'. It is commonly used to indicate separation, origin, or cause. It can also function as a prefix in compound words, carrying a similar sense of separation or completion. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case. The apostrophe indicates that the final vowel (omicron) has been dropped because the next word begins with a vowel.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition); functions as a prefix in compound words

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo) comes from Proto-Indo-European *apo-, meaning 'off, away'.

G2443

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EE-nah

Translations: in order that, that, so that, to

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.

G3588, G3739, G2228

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G4043

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-pa-TOH-men

Translations: we walk, we live, we conduct ourselves

Notes: This is a compound verb meaning 'to walk around' or 'to walk about'. In a broader sense, it refers to one's manner of life or conduct. It is often used metaphorically to describe how someone lives or behaves, as in 'walking in darkness' (living in sin) or 'walking in light' (living righteously).

Inflection: First Person, Plural, Present, Active, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΖΑΩ, ΑΝΑΣΤΡΕΦΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word περιπατέω is a compound of περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and πατέω (pateō), meaning 'to walk' or 'to tread'.

G2596

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G1785

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: en-toh-LEE

Translations: commandment, a commandment, command, an order, instruction, a precept

Notes: This word refers to a command, an order, or an instruction, often with a sense of divine or authoritative decree. It is frequently used in religious contexts to denote a divine law or precept that must be obeyed. It can be used in sentences like 'He gave a commandment' or 'They kept the commandments.'

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΤΑΓΜΑ, ΔΙΑΤΑΓΗ, ΝΟΜΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐντολή (entolḗ, “command, order”), from ἐντέλλω (entéllō, “I command, enjoin”), from ἐν (en, “in”) + τέλλω (téllō, “I accomplish, perform”).

G0846

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TEH

Translations: she, herself, to her, for her, of her, her, it, itself, to it, for it, of it, its, they, them, themselves

Notes: This word is a form of the pronoun 'autos', meaning 'self' or 'same'. It can function as a personal pronoun (he, she, it, they), a reflexive pronoun (himself, herself, itself, themselves), or an intensive pronoun (the very, the same). Its specific meaning depends on its case, number, and gender, and the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine; or Singular, Dative, Feminine; or Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative, Neuter

Etymology: The word 'autos' (from which 'autē' is derived) comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ew-to-, a pronominal stem. It is related to other pronouns and demonstratives in various Indo-European languages.

G1831

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-EEL-than

Translations: they went out, they came out, they departed

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of', and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. Therefore, it means 'to go out' or 'to come out'. It is used to describe a group of people or things moving from an inside location to an outside one, or from one place to another, indicating departure.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΚΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΚΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

G2889

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOS-mon

Translations: world, a world, universe, an universe, adornment, an adornment, order, an order

Notes: This word refers to the world, the universe, or the created order. It can also mean adornment, decoration, or arrangement. In the New Testament, it often refers to humanity or the sinful world system, but can also refer to the physical world. As an accusative noun, it typically functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΥΜΕΝΗ, ΑΙΩΝ

G3361

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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G2424

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-ay-SOON

Translations: Jesus, Joshua

Notes: This is a proper name, the Greek form of the Hebrew name 'Joshua'. It refers primarily to Jesus Christ, the central figure of Christianity. It can also refer to other individuals named Joshua in the Old Testament or other historical figures. In a sentence, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: The Greek name ἸΗΣΟΥΣ (Iēsous) is a transliteration of the Hebrew name יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (Yehoshua), meaning 'Yahweh is salvation' or 'Yahweh saves'.

G5547

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHRIS-ton

Translations: Christ, the Christ, Anointed One, the Anointed One

Notes: This word refers to the 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. In the New Testament, it is primarily used as a title for Jesus, signifying his role as the promised deliverer. It is often used with the definite article 'the' (the Christ) or as a proper name (Christ). As an accusative form, it would typically function as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

G2064

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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ER-kho-me-non

Translations: coming, going, about to come, the coming one, that which is coming, a coming thing

Notes: This word is a present participle, indicating an action that is in progress or about to happen. It describes something or someone that is 'coming' or 'going'. As a participle, it can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantivally, acting as a noun itself, referring to 'the one coming' or 'that which is coming'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Present, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΗΚΟΝΤΑ, ΠΑΡΟΝΤΑ

G3778

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OO-tos

Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.

G4108

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: PLAH-nos

Translations: deceiving, misleading, a deceiver, an imposter, a seducer

Notes: This word describes someone or something that leads others astray, causes them to wander, or deceives them. As an adjective, it means 'deceiving' or 'misleading'. As a noun, it refers to a 'deceiver' or 'imposter', someone who deliberately misleads others, often with malicious intent. It is used to describe false teachers or those who spread error.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (as a noun); Masculine, Plural, Nominative (as a noun); Masculine, Singular, Nominative (as an adjective)

Synonyms: ΑΠΑΤΕΩΝ, ΓΟΗΣ

Etymology: The word comes from the verb πλανάω (planaō), meaning 'to wander' or 'to lead astray'. It is related to the idea of being led off the correct path.

G0500

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: an-tee-KHREE-stos

Translations: Antichrist, an Antichrist

Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'ἀντί' (anti), meaning 'against' or 'instead of', and 'Χριστός' (Christos), meaning 'Christ' or 'Anointed One'. It refers to an opponent of Christ or one who falsely claims to be Christ. It is used to describe a person or spirit that denies the true nature of Jesus Christ or opposes His teachings. It can refer to a specific individual or a general spirit of opposition.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΨΕΥΔΟΠΡΟΦΗΤΗΣ, ΨΕΥΔΟΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the Greek preposition ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against' or 'instead of', and the noun Χριστός (Christos), meaning 'Christ' or 'Anointed One'. It emerged in early Christian literature to describe those who oppose or falsely represent Christ.

G0991

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: BLEH-peh-teh

Translations: you see, you look, you perceive, you behold, you beware, see!, look!, behold!, beware!

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'βλέπω' (blepō), meaning 'to see' or 'to look'. It can be used in various contexts, from physical sight to mental perception or understanding. It can also function as an imperative, meaning 'see!' or 'look!', often used to draw attention or to warn, in which case it can be translated as 'beware!'.

Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Present, Active, Indicative or Imperative

Synonyms: ΟΡΑΩ, ΕΙΔΟΝ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ

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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix

Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)

Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-

Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).

Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.

Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.

G2038

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eer-GAH-sas-theh

Translations: you worked, you did, you performed, you accomplished, you gained, you earned

Notes: This is a verb meaning "to work," "to do," "to perform," "to accomplish," or "to gain/earn." It is often used in the context of carrying out actions or producing results. The form provided indicates an action completed in the past, or a command to complete an action, by a group of people (you all).

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Second Person Plural, Indicative or Imperative

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΤΕΛΕΩ

G3956

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PAS

Translations: all, every, whole, any, a whole

Notes: This word means 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate totality or completeness. It can refer to every single item in a group, or the entirety of something. For example, 'all people' or 'the whole house'. It often takes on the meaning of 'every' when used with a singular noun, and 'all' when used with a plural noun. It can also mean 'any' in certain contexts.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'all' or 'every' in various Indo-European languages.

G4254

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Part of Speech: Verb, Adjective

Sounds like: proh-AH-gohn

Translations: leading forth, going before, advancing, bringing forward, leading, going, advancing

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'leading forth' or 'going before'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forward', and the verb ἄγω (ago), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'. It describes an action of moving ahead of others, either literally in terms of physical movement or figuratively in terms of precedence or initiation. It can be used to describe someone who is leading an army, going ahead of a group, or bringing something forward.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word προάγω (proago) is a compound of the Greek preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forward', and the verb ἄγω (ago), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'. Its etymology reflects the core meaning of leading or going in a forward direction.

G3306

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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb

Sounds like: MEH-nohn

Translations: remaining, abiding, dwelling, enduring, one who remains, he who remains

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'ΜΕΝΩ' (menō), meaning 'to remain,' 'to abide,' 'to dwell,' or 'to endure.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or an adverb, describing an ongoing action or state. It can refer to someone or something that is currently remaining, abiding, or enduring in a particular place, state, or relationship.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΩΝ, ΚΑΘΗΜΕΝΟΣ, ΔΙΑΜΕΝΩΝ

Etymology: The word 'ΜΕΝΩ' (menō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to stay, remain, stand still.' It is related to Latin 'maneo' and Sanskrit 'manas'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G1322

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-DA-khee

Translations: teaching, instruction, doctrine, a teaching, an instruction, a doctrine

Notes: This word refers to the act of teaching, the content that is taught, or a specific body of instruction or doctrine. It can be used to describe the lessons given by a teacher, the principles of a particular belief system, or a general body of knowledge passed down. For example, one might speak of 'the teaching of Christ' or 'a new doctrine'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΙΑ, ΔΙΔΑΓΜΑ

Etymology: The word "ΔΙΔΑΧΗ" comes from the Greek verb "διδάσκω" (didaskō), meaning "to teach" or "to instruct." It refers to the act or result of teaching.

G1519, G1487, G1488

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G5101

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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G4314

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G1322

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-DA-kheen

Translations: teaching, a teaching, doctrine, instruction

Notes: This word refers to the act of teaching or the content of what is taught, often implying a body of doctrine or instruction. It can be used to describe the teachings of a person or a set of principles that are followed. In a sentence, it would function as a direct object receiving the action of a verb, such as 'they received the teaching' or 'he gave instruction'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΙΑ, ΔΙΔΑΓΜΑ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΔΑΧΗ (didachē) comes from the verb διδάσκω (didaskō), meaning 'to teach'. It refers to the act or result of teaching.

G5342

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: FEH-rei

Translations: he carries, she carries, it carries, he bears, she bears, it bears, he brings, she brings, it brings, he produces, she produces, it produces, he endures, she endures, it endures

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to carry,' 'to bear,' 'to bring,' 'to produce,' or 'to endure.' It is used to describe the action of someone or something moving an object, or the act of a plant producing fruit, or a person enduring hardship. It is a very common and versatile verb in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΓΩ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΒΑΣΤΑΖΩ

G5463

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: khai-REIN

Translations: to rejoice, to be glad, to greet, hail

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'to rejoice' or 'to be glad'. In ancient Greek letters and documents, it was commonly used as a formal greeting, similar to saying 'Greetings!' or 'Hail!' to the recipient, expressing well-wishing or good health. It can also simply mean 'to rejoice' or 'to be glad' in other contexts.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΩ, ΕΥΦΡΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΧΑΙΡΩ comes from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- 'to desire, to want'. It is related to words meaning 'joy' or 'gladness'.

G0846

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G3004

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-GOHN

Translations: saying, speaking, telling

Notes: ΛΕΓΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech, functioning similarly to 'saying' or 'speaking' in English. For example, it might be translated as 'he came saying...' or 'they decreed, speaking...'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking or declaring.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ, ΕΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word λέγω (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', perhaps from the idea of 'picking out words'.

G1063

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Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G4183

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: POL-lah

Translations: much, many, great, abundant, often, greatly, many things

Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, 'ΠΟΛΛΑ' typically functions as the neuter plural nominative or accusative, meaning 'many things' or 'much'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'often' or 'greatly'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or frequency.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (of the adjective ΠΟΛΥΣ); or Adverb

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ

G2192

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: EKH-ohn

Translations: having, holding, possessing, being in possession of

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. As a participle, it functions like a verbal adjective, describing someone or something that is in the act of having or holding something. It can be translated as 'having' or 'one who has', and often introduces a clause explaining what someone possesses or is doing.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩΝ

Etymology: The verb ἔχω (echō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- ('to hold, to have'). It is a common verb in ancient Greek, with a wide range of meanings related to possession, state, and action.

G1014

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-boo-LEE-thayn

Translations: I willed, I wished, I intended, I purposed, I desired

Notes: This is a verb indicating a past act of willing, wishing, or intending. It describes a deliberate decision or purpose made by the subject. It is often used to express a strong desire or a settled intention.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Deponent

Synonyms: ΘΕΛΩ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ

Etymology: The word ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ (boulomai) is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gwelh₁- meaning 'to throw, reach, desire'. It signifies a deliberate act of will or intention, distinguishing it from a mere wish.

G5489

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: khar-TOO

Translations: of paper, of a scroll, of a letter, of a document

Notes: This word refers to a sheet of paper, a scroll, or a document. It is used to describe the material on which something is written, such as a letter or a legal document. In the provided context, it refers to the medium used for writing.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ, ΓΡΑΜΜΑ

Etymology: The word 'ΧΑΡΤΗΣ' is derived from the Egyptian word 'khart', meaning 'papyrus'. It entered Greek through trade and cultural exchange, referring specifically to the papyrus sheets used for writing.

G1679

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: el-PI-zoh

Translations: hope, expect, trust, believe

Notes: This verb means to hope, to expect, or to trust. It describes the act of looking forward to something with anticipation, often with a sense of confidence or reliance. It can be used to express a general hope for the future or a specific expectation regarding an event or person.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ, ΠΕΠΟΙΘΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΛΠΙΖΩ comes from the noun ἘΛΠΙΣ (elpis), meaning 'hope'. It is related to the concept of longing or looking forward to something.

G1096

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ge-NEH-sthai

Translations: to become, to be, to happen, to come to pass, to arise, to be made, to be born

Notes: This word is the aorist middle infinitive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It signifies the action of coming into being, happening, or being made. It can also mean to be born or to arise. As an infinitive, it often functions like 'to become' or 'to happen' in English, frequently used after verbs that express desire, ability, or necessity.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ

G4750

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: STOH-mah

Translations: mouth, an mouth, opening, edge, speech, utterance

Notes: This word refers to the mouth of a person or animal. It can also metaphorically refer to an opening or entrance, such as the mouth of a river or a cave. Furthermore, it is often used to denote speech, utterance, or the edge of a sword or other sharp object, implying the 'cutting' or 'speaking' part. It is a neuter noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΤΟΜΑΤΟΣ, ΣΤΟΜΑΤΙ, ΣΤΟΜΑΤΑ

Etymology: From an ancient root meaning 'mouth' or 'opening'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages with similar meanings.

G5479

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHA-ra

Translations: joy, a joy, gladness, delight

Notes: This word refers to a state of inner gladness, delight, or joy. It is often used to describe a deep-seated happiness that comes from a positive experience or a spiritual blessing. It can be used in sentences like 'He felt great joy' or 'There was much gladness among them.'

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΦΡΟΣΥΝΗ, ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the root χαίρω (chairō), meaning 'to rejoice' or 'to be glad'. It is related to the concept of grace or favor.

G4137

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pep-lay-ROH-meh-nay

Translations: filled, completed, fulfilled, a filled one, a completed one, a fulfilled one

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been filled,' 'having been completed,' or 'having been fulfilled.' It describes something that has reached its full measure or has been brought to an end. It is often used to describe a state of being full or complete, or an action that has been fully accomplished.

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative

Synonyms: ΓΕΜΩ, ΤΕΛΕΩ, ΑΝΑΠΛΗΡΟΩ

G2228, G3588

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

G782

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: as-PAH-zeh-tai

Translations: he greets, she greets, it greets, he salutes, she salutes, it salutes, he embraces, she embraces, it embraces

Notes: This word means to greet, salute, or embrace. It is often used to convey a friendly or respectful salutation, similar to saying 'hello' or 'farewell' to someone. It can also imply a physical embrace or a warm welcome. In a sentence, it would typically be used to describe someone extending a greeting to another person or group.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

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2001 Translation

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2 John, Chapter 1

Interlinear version from Tischendorf's Greek New Testament (Beta)

1:1

1:2

1:3

1:4

1:5

1:6

1:7

1:8

1:9

1:10

1:11

1:12

1:13

This interlinear database is in beta