2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ek-klee-see-as-TOO

Translations: of a preacher, of an assembler, of a leader of an assembly, of Ecclesiastes

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑΣΤΗΣ' (ekklēsiastēs), meaning 'preacher' or 'leader of an assembly'. It refers to someone who convenes or addresses an assembly. It is famously used as the title of the Old Testament book of Ecclesiastes, referring to the 'Teacher' or 'Preacher' who delivers the wisdom contained within the book. In general usage, it would denote possession or origin related to such a person.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΞ, ΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΟΣ

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EN

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.

G3153

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mah-tah-EE-oh-tays

Translations: vanity, futility, emptiness, meaninglessness, a vanity

Notes: This word refers to the quality of being empty, useless, or without lasting value. It describes something that is vain, futile, or meaningless. It is often used in philosophical or theological contexts to express the transient and ultimately unsatisfying nature of worldly pursuits or possessions.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΕΝΟΤΗΣ, ΜΑΤΑΙΟΝ, ΑΝΩΦΕΛΕΙΑ

Etymology: From the adjective μάταιος (mataios), meaning 'vain, empty, foolish'. It describes the state or quality of being vain or futile.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G1644

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ek-klee-see-as-TES

Translations: Preacher, Teacher, Ecclesiastes, a Preacher, a Teacher

Notes: This word refers to a preacher or a teacher, specifically one who addresses an assembly or congregation. It is famously the title of the Old Testament book of Ecclesiastes, where the author is presented as 'the Preacher' or 'the Teacher' who gathers and instructs. It is derived from the word 'ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ' (ekklesia), meaning 'assembly' or 'church'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΟΣ, ΚΗΡΥΞ

Etymology: Derived from the Koine Greek word ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ (ekklesia), meaning 'assembly' or 'congregation', and the suffix -της (-tes), indicating an agent or person associated with an action. Thus, it literally means 'one who convenes or addresses an assembly'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G3153

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mah-tai-OH-tays

Translations: vanity, futility, emptiness, worthlessness, uselessness

Notes: This noun refers to the quality or state of being empty, vain, or futile. It describes something that is without purpose, effectiveness, or lasting value. It can be used to describe actions, pursuits, or even the general condition of life when it lacks true meaning or substance.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΕΝΟΤΗΣ, ΜΑΤΑΙΟΛΟΓΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΜΑΤΑΙΟΤΗΣ (mataiotēs) is derived from the adjective ΜΑΤΑΙΟΣ (mataios), meaning 'vain, empty, futile'. The suffix -της (-tēs) is used to form abstract nouns, indicating a state or quality.

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G4050

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: peh-ris-SEH-yah

Translations: abundance, a superabundance, surplus, excess, overflow, advantage

Notes: This word refers to an abundance, an overflowing quantity, or something that is in excess of what is needed. It can also denote an advantage or superiority. It is used to describe a state of having more than enough or a surplus.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΘΟΣ, ΠΛΗΡΩΜΑ, ΥΠΕΡΒΟΛΗ

Etymology: From the Greek adjective περισσός (perissos), meaning 'exceeding, abundant, superfluous', which itself comes from περί (peri), meaning 'around, about, beyond'. It denotes something that goes beyond the usual measure or expectation.

G0444

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AN-throh-pohn

Translations: man, a man, human, a human, mankind, person, a person

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ἄνθρωπος (anthrōpos), meaning 'man', 'human', or 'mankind'. It is a common noun used to refer to a human being in general, regardless of gender, or specifically to a male person. It can also refer to humanity as a whole. In the provided examples, it appears in the genitive plural form, meaning 'of men' or 'of humans'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΑΝΗΡ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek, possibly from ἀνήρ (anēr, 'man') and ὤψ (ōps, 'face, eye'), suggesting 'one with a human face' or 'up-looking'.

G3425

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: mokh-THOH

Translations: toil, to labor, to work hard, to struggle, to exert oneself

Notes: This verb describes the act of toiling or laboring with great effort, often implying hardship or weariness. It refers to strenuous physical or mental exertion. It can be used in sentences to describe someone working diligently or struggling through a difficult task.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Present Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood

Synonyms: ΚΟΠΙΑΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΜΝΩ

Etymology: The word μοχθέω (mokhtheō) is derived from the noun μόχθος (mokthos), meaning 'toil, labor, hardship'. Its origin is uncertain, but it is related to the idea of struggle or effort.

G5599, G3739

Part of Speech: Letter, Interjection, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-meh-gah (as a letter); OH (as an interjection); OH (as a pronoun)

Translations: Omega, O, Oh, the end, the last, (to) whom, (to) which, (to) what, (to) that, (to) who, (to) those, (to) whomsoever, (to) whatsoever

Notes: This character, Omega, is the twenty-fourth and final letter of the Greek alphabet. As a letter, it represents the long 'o' sound. It can also function as an interjection, similar to 'O' or 'Oh' in English, used for direct address or exclamation. Furthermore, without diacritics, 'Ω' can represent the dative singular form of the relative pronoun 'ὅς, ἥ, ὅ', meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what', depending on context and gender. It can refer to a person or thing that is the indirect object of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a letter or interjection); Dative, Singular, All genders (as a relative pronoun)

Etymology: The letter Omega is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'. Its name literally means 'great O' (ō mega), distinguishing it from Omicron ('small O'). As a relative pronoun, it originates from Proto-Indo-European roots.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G1074

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: geh-neh-AH

Translations: generation, an age, a race, a kind, a generation, an age

Notes: This word refers to a generation, meaning a period of time (typically around 30-40 years), or a group of people born around the same time. It can also denote a race, lineage, or family, or even a particular kind or class of people. It is used to describe a succession of people or a specific era.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΣ, ΑΙΩΝ, ΦΥΛΗ

Etymology: From the Greek verb γίνομαι (ginomai), meaning 'to come into being, to be born, to become'. It refers to that which is begotten or produced.

G4198

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: por-YOO-eh-tai

Translations: goes, is going, walks, is walking, travels, is traveling, proceeds, is proceeding

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to go, walk, travel, or proceed. It describes movement from one place to another. In its present tense form, it indicates an ongoing action, such as 'he/she/it goes' or 'he/she/it is going'. It can be used in various contexts to describe physical movement or even a course of action.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive Voice, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G1519, G1520

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one

Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'

Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).

G2476

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ESS-tay-ken

Translations: stands, has stood, is standing, has been appointed, has been established

Notes: This is the third person singular perfect active indicative form of the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand'. The perfect tense in Koine Greek often describes a state resulting from a past action, so 'has stood' or 'is standing' are common translations. It can also mean 'to be appointed' or 'to be established'. It is used to describe something that is in a fixed or stable position, or a state that has been brought about and continues.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΜΕΝΩ, ΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΕΙΜΙ

G0393

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-nah-TEL-lee

Translations: rises, springs up, appears, shines forth

Notes: This word describes the action of something rising, emerging, or appearing, especially in the context of celestial bodies like the sun or stars, or plants springing up from the ground. It can also refer to light shining forth. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ΑΝΑ' (ANA), meaning 'up' or 'upwards', and the verb 'ΤΕΛΛΩ' (TELLŌ), meaning 'to rise' or 'to cause to rise'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΚΦΥΩ, ΑΝΑΤΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: The word ΑΝΑΤΕΛΛΩ is a compound of the preposition ΑΝΑ (ANA), meaning 'up' or 'upwards', and the verb ΤΕΛΛΩ (TELLŌ), meaning 'to rise' or 'to cause to rise'.

G0393

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-nah-TEL-lohn

Translations: rising, springing up, dawning, appearing, shining forth, growing

Notes: This word describes something that is in the process of rising, appearing, or springing up, often referring to the sun, plants, or light. It conveys the idea of emergence or beginning to shine or grow. It is used to describe the action of something coming into existence or becoming visible.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΦΑΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΚΦΥΩ, ΑΝΑΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: From G0303 (ANA) meaning 'up' and the root of G5055 (TELLOS) meaning 'to accomplish, to rise'. It literally means 'to rise up' or 'to cause to rise'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very, a same, the same

Notes: This word functions as both a pronoun and an adjective. As a pronoun, it can mean 'he, she, it' (third person personal pronoun) or be used intensively to mean 'himself, herself, itself, themselves'. When used as an adjective, it means 'the same' or 'the very'. Its meaning depends on its position and context within a sentence. For example, when used attributively with an article (e.g., ὁ αὐτὸς), it means 'the same'. When used predicatively or without an article, it often has an intensive meaning ('he himself').

Inflection: Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter; Singular or Plural; Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ew-to- (self, same).

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G2944

Part of Speech: Noun, Adverb

Sounds like: KOO-kloy

Translations: circles, a circle, around, in a circle, round about

Notes: This word can function as a noun meaning 'circle' or 'ring', or as an adverb meaning 'around' or 'in a circle'. As a noun, it refers to a circular shape or an enclosed area. As an adverb, it describes movement or position in a circular manner or surrounding something.

Inflection: Noun: Nominative Plural, Masculine; Adverb: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΞ, ΚΥΚΛΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΚΛΟΣ (kyklos) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷekʷlos, meaning 'circle' or 'wheel'. It is related to English words like 'cycle' and 'wheel'.

G2944

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun

Sounds like: KOO-klone

Translations: encircling, surrounding, going around, a cyclone, a whirlwind

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'κυκλόω' (kykloō), meaning 'to encircle' or 'to surround'. As a participle, it describes an action that is ongoing, functioning like an adjective or adverb. It can mean 'one who encircles' or 'that which encircles'. In some contexts, it can also refer to a 'cyclone' or 'whirlwind' as a noun, describing something that moves in a circle.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine; Singular, Nominative, Neuter; Singular, Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΚΥΚΛΟΩ, ΚΥΚΛΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word 'κυκλόω' (kykloō) comes from 'κύκλος' (kyklos), meaning 'circle' or 'ring'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: EP-ee

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, by, for, concerning, during, after, of, a

Notes: This word is a very common preposition and adverb in Koine Greek. As a preposition, its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on,' 'upon,' 'over,' 'in the time of,' or 'concerning.' With the dative case, it can mean 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' 'for,' or 'in addition to.' With the accusative case, it typically means 'to,' 'against,' 'upon,' 'over,' or 'for the purpose of.' It is also frequently used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'upon,' 'over,' 'to,' or 'in addition.'

Inflection: Governs Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases. Does not inflect itself.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡ, ΚΑΤΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G2945

Part of Speech: Noun, Verb

Sounds like: KOO-kloos

Translations: circles, circuits, cycles, rounds, to surround, surrounding

Notes: This word can function as a noun meaning 'circles,' 'circuits,' or 'cycles,' referring to a complete revolution or a surrounding area. It can also be a verb form meaning 'to surround' or 'surrounding,' indicating an action of encircling something. Its meaning depends on the grammatical context in which it is used.

Inflection: Noun: Masculine, Accusative, Plural; Verb: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΒΟΛΟΣ, ΚΥΚΛΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΚΛΟΣ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'wheel' or 'circle.' It is related to English words like 'cycle' and 'circle'.

G1994

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ee-STREF-ei

Translations: he turns, she turns, it turns, he returns, she returns, it returns, he converts, she converts, it converts

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to turn', 'to return', or 'to convert'. It describes an action of changing direction, coming back to a previous state or place, or undergoing a spiritual or moral transformation. It is used in the third person singular, indicating that 'he, she, or it' performs the action.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΑΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb ΣΤΡΕΦΩ (strepho), meaning 'to turn'. This combination emphasizes the idea of turning towards something or returning to a previous state.

G4151

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PNEH-oo-mah

Translations: Spirit, a Spirit, wind, breath

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation (nomina sacra) for ΠΝΕΥΜΑ (PNEUMA). It refers to spirit, breath, or wind. In a theological context, it often refers to the Holy Spirit. It can also describe a human spirit or a non-physical entity. The context usually clarifies its specific meaning.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΜΟΣ, ΠΝΟΗ

Etymology: From the Greek verb πνέω (pneō), meaning 'to breathe, to blow'. It refers to that which is breathed or blown.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G2281

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: tha-LAS-san

Translations: sea, a sea

Notes: This word refers to a large body of salt water, such as an ocean or a large lake. It is commonly used to describe the sea as a physical location or as a powerful natural force. In sentences, it often appears as the direct object of a verb, indicating something done to or with the sea.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΩΚΕΑΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'thalassa' is of pre-Greek, Mediterranean origin, likely borrowed into Greek from an earlier language spoken in the Aegean region. It is not derived from Proto-Indo-European roots.

G2281

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THAH-lah-ssah

Translations: sea, a sea

Notes: This word refers to a large body of salt water, such as an ocean or a large lake. It is commonly used to describe the Mediterranean Sea or other significant bodies of water. It can be used in various contexts, often indicating a place of travel, danger, or a source of resources.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ, ΩΚΕΑΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word "thalassa" is of pre-Greek, Pelasgian origin, meaning it predates the arrival of Indo-European speakers in Greece.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express negation. It typically precedes a word beginning with a vowel or is used at the end of a clause. It is used to deny a fact or to express a strong prohibition. It is often used with verbs to negate their action, meaning 'not' or 'no'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΧΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a primary negative particle in Ancient Greek, related to similar negative particles in other Indo-European languages.

G1705

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: em-pee-PLAH-meh-nee

Translations: filled, being filled, full, being full, satisfied, being satisfied

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ΕΜΠΙΠΛΗΜΙ', meaning 'to fill' or 'to satisfy'. As a participle, it describes something that is in the state of being filled or having been filled. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, describing the manner of an action. It conveys the idea of completeness or abundance.

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Present, Middle or Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΡΗΣ, ΓΕΜΩΝ

G3756, G3757

Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOY

Translations: they, themselves, to them, for them, to themselves, for themselves

Notes: This word is a pronoun that can function as a personal pronoun (they, them) or a reflexive pronoun (themselves). It can also be used to emphasize a noun, meaning 'the very' or 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the case and context. For example, in the nominative case, it typically means 'they' or 'themselves', while in the dative case, it means 'to them' or 'for them'.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Dative

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΙ, ΟΥΤΟΙ

G1994

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ee-STREF-oo-sin

Translations: they return, they turn back, they turn around, they convert, they restore

Notes: This word is the third person plural, present active indicative or imperative form of the verb 'epistrepho'. It means 'to turn back', 'to return', 'to turn around', or 'to convert'. It can describe a physical turning or a spiritual turning (conversion). When used in the indicative mood, it states a fact (e.g., 'they are returning'). When used in the imperative mood, it gives a command (e.g., 'let them return' or 'return!').

Inflection: Present, Active, Third Person, Plural, Indicative or Imperative

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΑΝΑΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΜΕΤΑΝΟΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (EPI), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb ΣΤΡΕΦΩ (STREPHO), meaning 'to turn'. Thus, it literally means 'to turn upon' or 'to turn to', conveying the sense of returning or converting.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G2980

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: lah-LEH-in

Translations: to speak, to talk, to say

Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'λαλέω'. It means 'to speak' or 'to talk'. It is used to express the action of speaking in a general sense, often without specifying the content of the speech, or to indicate the ability to speak. It can be used in various contexts, such as speaking a language, speaking to someone, or simply making sounds.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΩΝΕΩ, ΕΡΩ

Etymology: From an onomatopoeic root, imitating the sound of babbling or chattering. It is related to the English word 'lullaby' and similar words in other languages that describe vocal sounds.

G1705

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: em-plees-THEE-seh-tai

Translations: will be filled, will be satisfied, will be fulfilled

Notes: This word is a future passive indicative form of the verb 'empiplēmi', meaning 'to fill up', 'to satisfy', or 'to fulfill'. It indicates an action that will be done to the subject, rather than by the subject, in the future. For example, 'The hungry will be filled' or 'Their desire will be fulfilled'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Future, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΡΟΩ, ΓΕΜΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word ἐμπίπλημι (empiplēmi) is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐν (en), meaning 'in' or 'into', and the verb πίμπλημι (pimplēmi), which means 'to fill'.

G3788

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: oph-thal-MOS

Translations: eye, an eye, sight, vision

Notes: This word refers to the physical organ of sight, the eye. It can also be used metaphorically to refer to one's spiritual perception or understanding, or to one's vision in a broader sense. It is commonly used in contexts describing physical sight or the act of seeing.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΒΛΕΜΜΑ

Etymology: From an ancient root related to seeing. It is cognate with Latin 'oculus' and English 'eye', tracing back to a common Proto-Indo-European origin.

G3708

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ho-RAN

Translations: to see, to look, to perceive, to behold

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ὁράω' (horaō), meaning 'to see' or 'to perceive'. It is used to express the action of seeing or observing something, often in a general sense or as a purpose. For example, it can be used in phrases like 'to be able to see' or 'in order to see'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΕΙΝ, ΘΕΑΣΘΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'ὁράω' (horaō) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *wer- 'to perceive, observe'. It is related to other Greek words concerning sight and perception.

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AH-po

Translations: from, away from, by, of, out of, because of, by means of

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or cause. It is always followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case. It can mean 'from' in the sense of moving away from a place, 'from' in the sense of origin or source, or 'by' when indicating the agent or cause of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab and English off.

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-GO-nos

Translations: that which has happened, that which has come into being, a thing that has occurred, an event, a fact, a deed

Notes: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΣ is the perfect active participle, neuter singular, nominative or accusative case, of the verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai), meaning 'to become' or 'to happen'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or noun, describing something that has already come into existence or occurred. It can refer to an event, a fact, or a deed that has taken place.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΓΜΑ, ΕΡΓΟΝ, ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OW-toh

Translations: him, it, himself, itself, the same, this, that, of him, of it, to him, to it

Notes: ΑΥΤΟ is an inflected form of the third-person pronoun or demonstrative adjective ΑΥΤΟΣ. As a pronoun, it refers to 'him', 'her', or 'it', depending on gender and number. As an adjective, it can mean 'the same' or 'this/that very one'. It can also be used intensively to emphasize the subject, meaning 'himself' or 'itself'. Its meaning often depends on its position in the sentence relative to the noun it modifies.

Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: geh-nee-SOH-meh-non

Translations: that which is about to be, that which will happen, the future, a future thing

Notes: This word is a future middle/passive participle of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become' or 'to happen'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing something that is going to come into existence or occur. In its neuter singular form, it often refers to 'that which is about to be' or 'the future'.

Inflection: Future, Middle/Passive, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΜΕΛΛΟΝ, ΕΣΟΜΕΝΟΝ

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: poy-ay-SOH-meh-non

Translations: about to make, about to do, about to create, about to produce, about to perform

Notes: This word is a future middle participle, indicating an action that someone is about to do or make for themselves, or an action that will be done. It is used to describe a person or thing that is in the process of, or intending to, perform an action. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Future, Middle Voice, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: peh-poy-ay-MEH-non

Translations: made, done, created, a thing made, a thing done

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been made' or 'having been done'. It describes something that has been completed or brought into existence. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a substantive (a noun) referring to the thing that has been made or done.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΣ, ΕΡΓΟΝ, ΠΡΑΓΜΑ

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: poy-ee-thay-so-MEH-non

Translations: that which will be made, that which will be done, a thing to be made, a thing to be done

Notes: This word is a future passive participle, indicating something that is destined to be made or done. It describes an action that will occur in the future and is received by the subject. It is used to refer to a thing or an event that is yet to come into existence or be accomplished.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Future, Passive

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΗΣΟΜΕΝΟΝ, ΕΡΓΑΣΘΗΣΟΜΕΝΟΝ

G3956

Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun

Sounds like: PAN

Translations: all, every, whole, everything, a whole

Notes: This word is the neuter nominative or accusative singular form of the adjective/pronoun ΠΑΣ (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate totality or universality. For example, it can mean 'all things' or 'everything' when used substantively, or 'the whole' when modifying a singular noun. It can also be used to mean 'every' when referring to individual items within a group.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΣ (pas) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂- meaning 'to protect, feed'. Its meaning evolved to 'all' or 'whole' in Greek.

G4372

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pros-PHA-ton

Translations: new, recent, fresh

Notes: This word describes something that is new, recent, or freshly made. It implies something that has just come into existence or has just been done, contrasting with something old or established. It can be used to describe a new path, a recent event, or fresh produce.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΝΟΣ, ΝΕΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and a derivative of the verb φάω (phaō), meaning 'to appear' or 'to shine'. Thus, it literally means 'just appeared' or 'just come to light'.

G3739

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction

Sounds like: HOS

Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when

Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.

G2396

Part of Speech: Verb, Interjection

Sounds like: EE-deh

Translations: Behold, look, see, lo

Notes: This word is an imperative verb, meaning 'behold!' or 'look!'. It is used to draw attention to something or someone, often at the beginning of a sentence or clause. It functions similarly to the English 'Lo!' or 'See here!'. It can be used to introduce a new topic, emphasize a point, or express surprise.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person Singular

Synonyms: ΙΔΟΥ, ΟΡΑ

Etymology: From the aorist stem of the verb 'ὁράω' (horao), meaning 'to see'. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of usage.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G1510

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ES-tee

Translations: is, he is, she is, it is, there is, exists, it exists, it is possible

Notes: This word is a common form of the verb 'to be' in Koine Greek. It indicates existence, identity, or a state of being. It can be used to link a subject to a predicate, or to simply state that something exists.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The root verb ΕΙΜΙ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is one of the most fundamental verbs in the Greek language.

G2235

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AY-day

Translations: already, now, by this time, forthwith

Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates something has happened or is happening at the present moment, or has already occurred. It emphasizes the immediacy or completion of an action or state. It can be used to mean 'already' in the sense of something having taken place before the expected time, or 'now' in the sense of 'at this very moment'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΝΥΝ, ΑΡΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *seh₂-d- (meaning 'already, now'). It is related to words meaning 'at that time' or 'then'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: geh-GOH-nen

Translations: has become, has happened, has come to pass, was, came into being

Notes: ΓΕΓΟΝΕΝ is the third person singular perfect active indicative form of the verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai). It describes an action that has been completed in the past but has ongoing results or a continuing state in the present. It can mean 'has become,' 'has happened,' or 'has come into being,' often implying a state of existence or a new reality that has resulted from a past event.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ

Etymology: The verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-, meaning 'to beget, to produce, to be born.' It is related to words signifying birth, origin, and coming into existence.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-NO-meh-noys

Translations: having become, having come to be, having happened, having arisen, having been born, (to) those who have become, (to) those who have come to be, (to) those who have happened, (to) those who have arisen, (to) those who have been born

Notes: ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΙΣ is a form of the verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, meaning 'to become,' 'to come into being,' 'to happen,' or 'to be born.' As a participle, it describes someone or something that has undergone the action of becoming or happening. In this dative plural form, it often refers to 'to those who have become' or 'to those who have happened.'

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Dative, Masculine or Neuter, Plural

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΕΣ, ΕΓΕΝΟΝΤΟ

G1726

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: em-PROS-then

Translations: before, in front of, in the presence of, ahead, (of) before, (of) in front of, (of) in the presence of

Notes: This word functions primarily as an adverb indicating position or direction, meaning 'before' or 'in front'. It can also be used as a preposition, typically taking the genitive case, to mean 'in front of' or 'in the presence of' someone or something. It denotes a spatial relationship, indicating that one thing is situated ahead of another, or a relational context, signifying being in the sight or presence of someone.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an adverb); functions as an improper preposition with the genitive case.

Synonyms: ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ, ΚΑΤΕΝΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From the preposition 'en' (in) and 'prosthen' (before, from 'pros' - toward). It literally means 'in front' or 'in the forepart'.

G3420

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MNEE-may

Translations: memory, remembrance, a memory, a remembrance

Notes: This word refers to the faculty by which things are recalled to the mind, or the act of remembering. It can also refer to the state of being remembered or the record of something. It is typically used in sentences to denote the concept of recollection or a memorial.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΜΝΗΣΙΣ, ΜΝΕΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΜΝΗΜΗ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *men-, meaning 'to think, remember'. It is related to other Greek words concerning the mind and memory.

G2078

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ES-kha-toys

Translations: last, outermost, lowest, least, final, extreme, (to) the last, (to) the outermost, (to) the lowest, (to) the least, (to) the final, (to) the extreme

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'last', 'outermost', 'lowest', or 'extreme'. It describes something that is at the very end or furthest point in a sequence, time, or location. It can refer to the final event, the lowest social status, or the most distant geographical place. As a dative plural, it indicates 'to' or 'for' those who are last, or 'at' the last things/places.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΥΤΑΙΟΣ, ΥΣΤΕΡΟΣ

G1510

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ES-tai

Translations: will be, shall be, it will be, it shall be

Notes: This word is the third person singular future indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It signifies an action or state that will occur in the future. It is commonly used to express future existence, occurrence, or a future state of being, often translated as 'will be' or 'shall be'. For example, 'it will be done' or 'he will be there'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive (deponent in future)

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (to be). It is a very ancient and fundamental verb in the Greek language, tracing its roots back to the earliest stages of Indo-European.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-nee-so-MEH-non

Translations: of those who will be, of those who will come into being, of things that will happen, of things to come

Notes: This word is a future participle, indicating an action that will take place or a state that will come into existence. It is used to describe people or things that are 'about to be' or 'will come to pass'. As a genitive plural, it often functions like 'of those who will be' or 'of the things that will happen'.

Inflection: Future, Middle or Passive Voice, Participle, Genitive, Plural, All Genders

Etymology: The word ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'. It is related to the English words 'genesis' and 'generate'.

G2078

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ES-kha-TEE

Translations: last, the last, outermost, extreme, lowest, final

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'last' or 'final'. It describes something that is at the end of a series, a sequence, or a period of time. It can also refer to something that is the lowest or most extreme in position or quality. The overline on the final 'H' indicates a scribal abbreviation, likely for the accusative feminine singular form 'ΕΣΧΑΤΗΝ'. Therefore, it most commonly refers to 'the last' (feminine) in an accusative context, such as 'the last day' or 'the last hour'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΥΤΑΙΟΣ, ΥΣΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From a superlative form of the preposition EK (out of, from), meaning 'outermost' or 'last'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-geh-NO-meen

Translations: I became, I was, I came to be, I happened, I arose

Notes: This is the first person singular aorist indicative middle/passive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It signifies an action that occurred in the past, indicating a coming into being, a happening, or a transformation. It can be translated as 'I became,' 'I was,' 'I came to be,' or 'I happened,' depending on the context. It describes a completed action in the past.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle/Passive, 1st Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ

G0935

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-see-LEHFS

Translations: king, a king, ruler, sovereign

Notes: This word refers to a king or a ruler, someone who holds supreme authority over a territory or people. It is commonly used to denote a monarch or sovereign. In a sentence, it would function as a noun, often as the subject or object, indicating the person in power.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to a word meaning 'base' or 'foundation', suggesting one who stands at the foundation of power or authority. It has been used since ancient Greek times to refer to a monarch.

G2490

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-ahlm

Translations: Jalmon, Ialmon

Notes: This word refers to a specific place name, likely a town or region. In the provided context, it appears to be a location where someone returned to, or where Jonathan resided and began building. It is a proper noun, so it does not inflect in the same way as common nouns, but its form here is likely nominative or accusative, depending on the preceding preposition or verb.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The etymology of 'ΙΗΛΜ' (Jalmon) is uncertain, but it is a transliteration of a Hebrew place name.

G1325

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DOH-kah

Translations: I gave, I have given, I did give

Notes: This is the first person singular, active, indicative, aorist form of the verb 'δίδωμι' (didomi), meaning 'to give'. The aorist tense in Koine Greek typically describes a simple, completed action in the past, without emphasizing its duration or repetition. It can often be translated as a simple past tense in English, such as 'I gave', or sometimes with 'did' for emphasis, 'I did give'.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Active, Indicative, Aorist

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΔΙΔΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to give'. It is related to words for giving in many other Indo-European languages.

G1567

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-zay-TAY-sai

Translations: to seek out, to search for, to require, to demand, to investigate, to inquire, to look for

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'εκ' (out, from) and 'ζητέω' (to seek). It means to seek out, search for, or investigate something thoroughly, often with a sense of earnestness or diligence. It can also imply demanding or requiring something. It is used to describe an intense or exhaustive search.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΖΗΤΕΩ, ΑΝΑΖΗΤΕΩ, ΕΠΙΖΗΤΕΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition 'ἐκ' (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb 'ζητέω' (zēteō), meaning 'to seek' or 'to search'.

G2687

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-skep-SAH-sthai

Translations: to examine, to investigate, to spy out, to look closely at, to observe, to consider

Notes: This word means to examine or investigate something thoroughly, often with the intention of discovering or understanding it. It implies a careful and purposeful observation, sometimes with a connotation of reconnaissance or spying. It can be used in contexts where one is seeking wisdom, knowledge, or information about a situation or place.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΞΕΤΑΣΑΙ, ΕΠΙΣΚΕΨΑΣΘΑΙ, ΖΗΤΗΣΑΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'thoroughly', and the verb σκέπτομαι (skeptomai), meaning 'to look at' or 'to consider'. The combination suggests a thorough or downward examination.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G5228

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-PER

Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than

Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-nohn

Translations: having become, having happened, having come to pass, of those who became, of those who happened

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ginomai', meaning 'to become', 'to happen', or 'to come into being'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal characteristics, often indicating an action that has already occurred. It can describe a state of being or an event that has taken place.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΩΝ, ΕΓΕΝΟΝΤΟ

Etymology: The word 'ginomai' comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey ideas of generation, birth, or becoming.

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G4190

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: po-nee-RON

Translations: evil, wicked, bad, harmful, a wicked thing, an evil thing

Notes: This word describes something as evil, wicked, or bad. It can be used as an adjective to modify a noun, or it can function as a noun itself, referring to an evil or wicked thing. It often implies something that is morally corrupt, harmful, or causing distress.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΝΟΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word comes from the Greek word πόνος (ponos), meaning 'toil, labor, distress, pain', suggesting something that causes pain or is the result of painful effort, thus leading to the meaning of 'evil' or 'wicked'.

G0444

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: an-THROH-pohn

Translations: of men, of humans, of people

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation (nomina sacra) for the genitive plural form of the Koine Greek word 'ἄνθρωπος' (anthropos), meaning 'man', 'human', or 'person'. It is used to refer to 'of men' or 'of humans' in a general sense. The overline indicates that it is a contracted form of the full word, which would be 'ἀνθρώπων'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΑΝΗΡ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek 'ἀνθρωπος' (anthrōpos), possibly from 'ἀνήρ' (anēr, 'man') and 'ὤψ' (ōps, 'eye, face'), suggesting 'one who has the face of a man'.

G4049

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ris-pas-THE-nai

Translations: to be distracted, to be drawn away, to be pulled around, to be overburdened

Notes: This word describes the action of being pulled in different directions, leading to distraction, preoccupation, or being overburdened with many cares. It implies a state where one's attention or energy is divided and drawn away from a primary focus. It is often used in contexts where someone is excessively concerned with worldly matters or daily anxieties.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΠΑΩ, ΕΚΣΠΑΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek περί (peri, 'around') and σπάω (spaō, 'to draw, to pull'). It literally means 'to draw around' or 'to pull in different directions'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) them, (for) him, (for) her, (for) it, (for) them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, the same

Notes: This word is a personal pronoun that can also function as an adjective. In its pronominal use, it typically means 'him', 'her', 'it', or 'them', depending on the gender and number. When used intensively, it can mean 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. As an adjective, it means 'the same'. The form ΑΥΤΩ is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a demonstrative pronominal stem. It is a fundamental pronoun in Greek, used across various dialects and periods.

G4862

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: soon

Translations: with, together with, along with

Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: poy-ee-MEH-nah

Translations: made, done, prepared, created, performed, produced

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, indicating something that has been made, done, or prepared by an external agent. It describes the state or result of an action that has already been completed. For example, it can refer to things that have been created, actions that have been performed, or items that have been prepared.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΑ, ΕΡΓΑΣΜΕΝΑ

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: peh-poy-EE-meh-nah

Translations: made, done, created, performed, things made, things done

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle derived from the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing something that has been made or done. It indicates a completed action with a continuing result. For example, it can refer to 'things that have been made' or 'actions that have been performed'.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΑ, ΕΡΓΑΣΜΕΝΑ

G4286

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pro-A-ee-reh-sis

Translations: choice, a choice, purpose, a purpose, intention, an intention, preference, a preference

Notes: This word refers to a deliberate choice, purpose, or intention. It implies a decision made after consideration, often reflecting one's character or will. It is a compound word formed from πρό (pro, "before") and αἵρεσις (hairesis, "a taking, choosing"). It describes the act of choosing one thing over another, or a settled aim.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΗ, ΓΝΩΜΗ, ΘΕΛΗΜΑ

Etymology: From the Greek verb προαιρέομαι (proaireomai), meaning 'to choose before, prefer'. It is formed from πρό (pro, 'before') and αἱρέομαι (haireomai, 'to take, choose').

G4151

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PNEV-mah

Translations: Spirit, a Spirit, wind, breath, a breath

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΠΝΕΥΜΑ (PNEUMA), meaning 'Spirit', 'wind', or 'breath'. It is often used to refer to the Holy Spirit, but can also denote a human spirit, a demonic spirit, or even a physical wind or breath. It is a neuter noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΜΟΣ, ΠΝΟΗ

Etymology: From an ancient root meaning 'to breathe', related to the concept of air in motion. It developed to encompass both physical breath/wind and the non-physical spirit.

G1294

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: dee-ess-trah-MMEH-non

Translations: perverted, crooked, twisted, distorted, corrupt, depraved, a perverted thing, a crooked thing

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle derived from the verb ΔΙΑΣΤΡΕΦΩ (DIASTREPHO), meaning 'to twist thoroughly, distort, pervert.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing something that has been twisted, distorted, or corrupted. It can refer to something morally depraved or physically crooked. For example, it might describe a 'perverted generation' or a 'crooked path.'

Inflection: Perfect Passive Participle, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΣΚΟΛΙΟΣ, ΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ, ΑΝΟΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΑΣΤΡΕΦΩ (DIASTREPHO) is a compound word formed from the preposition ΔΙΑ (DIA), meaning 'through' or 'apart,' and the verb ΣΤΡΕΦΩ (STREPHO), meaning 'to turn' or 'to twist.' Thus, it literally means 'to twist thoroughly' or 'to turn aside completely,' leading to its sense of distorting or perverting.

G1940

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-kos-may-THEE-nai

Translations: to be adorned, to be decorated, to be embellished

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the prefix ΕΠΙ- (epi-, meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to') and the verb ΚΟΣΜΕΩ (kosmeo, meaning 'to arrange, adorn, decorate'). In its passive infinitive form, it means 'to be adorned' or 'to be decorated'. It describes the act of something being beautified or embellished, often with an emphasis on the addition of something to enhance its appearance.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΟΣΜΕΩ, ΚΑΛΛΥΝΩ

G3170

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-meh-gah-LOON-theen

Translations: I was magnified, I was made great, I was exalted, I was glorified

Notes: This word is the first person singular, aorist indicative, passive form of the verb 'μεγαλύνω' (megalyno). It means 'I was magnified,' 'I was made great,' 'I was exalted,' or 'I was glorified.' It describes an action that happened in the past, where the subject (I) was the recipient of the action of being made great or exalted. It can be used to express a state of being honored, praised, or increased in importance.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΔΟΞΑΖΩ, ΥΨΟΩ, ΑΥΞΑΝΩ

G4388

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-ETH-ee-ka

Translations: I put before, I set forth, I propose, I display, I purpose, I determine

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the prefix 'προ-' (pro-), meaning 'before' or 'in front of,' and the verb 'τίθημι' (tithēmi), meaning 'to place' or 'to set.' In its perfect active indicative form, it means 'I have placed before,' 'I have set forth,' or 'I have purposed.' It can be used to describe setting something out for public view, proposing an idea, or making a firm decision or plan.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΚΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΔΙΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΠΡΟ (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of,' and the verb ΤΙΘΗΜΙ (tithēmi), meaning 'to put, place, set.' The combination signifies placing something forward or in public view.

G3739

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OYS

Translations: to whom, to which, to what

Notes: This word is a relative pronoun, meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what'. It is used to introduce a relative clause, connecting it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It indicates the indirect object of the verb in the relative clause, showing to whom or to what an action is directed. It can refer to people or things and is used for all genders.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ὉΠΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun and is a common form for relative pronouns across Indo-European languages.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-GEH-non-toh

Translations: they became, they were, they came to pass, they happened, they arose

Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist indicative middle/passive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It means 'they became' or 'they were', indicating a past action or state of becoming. It can also mean 'they came into being', 'they happened', or 'they arose'. It describes a transition from one state to another or an event taking place.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΠΑΡΕΓΕΝΟΝΤΟ

G4183

Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: POL-lah

Translations: much, many, great, abundant, often, greatly, many things

Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, 'ΠΟΛΛΑ' typically functions as the neuter plural nominative or accusative, meaning 'many things' or 'much'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'often' or 'greatly'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or frequency.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (of the adjective ΠΟΛΥΣ); or Adverb

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ

G1921

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-GNO-nai

Translations: to know, to understand, to recognize, to learn, to ascertain, to discover, to perceive, to become acquainted with

Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'epiginōskō'. It signifies gaining full, accurate, or complete knowledge of something, often implying a deeper understanding or recognition than simple 'knowing'. It can be used to describe the act of recognizing someone, understanding a situation thoroughly, or coming to a full realization. In a sentence, it would typically follow a verb indicating desire, ability, or purpose, such as 'to wish to know' or 'to be able to ascertain'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ, ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ

G3850

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pa-ra-bo-LAS

Translations: parables, proverbs, allegories, comparisons, illustrations, of parables, of proverbs, of allegories, of comparisons, of illustrations

Notes: This word refers to a parable, proverb, or allegory, often used as a comparison or illustration to convey a moral or spiritual truth. It is a compound word formed from 'para' (beside) and 'ballo' (to throw), literally meaning 'a placing beside' or 'a comparison'. In the provided context, it is used in the plural to refer to multiple such sayings or stories.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative or Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΟΙΜΙΑ, ΕΙΚΩΝ, ΑΙΝΙΓΜΑ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ, “a comparison, parable”), from παραβάλλω (parabállō, “to compare, to place beside”), from παρά (pará, “beside”) + βάλλω (bállō, “to throw”).

G4128

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-thoss

Translations: multitude, a multitude, crowd, a crowd, great number, abundance, a great number

Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things. It can be used to describe a crowd of people, a large amount of something, or a general abundance. For example, it might refer to a large gathering of disciples or a great quantity of fish.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΑΓΕΛΗ

Etymology: From the Greek root *pleth-* meaning 'to be full' or 'to fill'. It is related to words indicating fullness or abundance.

G4369

Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: pros-THEIS

Translations: adding, having added, putting to, moreover, furthermore, in addition

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'προστίθημι', meaning 'to put to', 'to add', or 'to give besides'. As a participle, it functions adverbially, often indicating an action completed prior to the main verb, or providing additional information. It can convey the sense of 'having added' or simply 'adding', and is frequently used to introduce a new point or action, similar to 'furthermore' or 'moreover' in English.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Nominative Singular

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΠΡΟΣΑΝΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word προστίθημι is a compound of the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb τίθημι (tithēmi), meaning 'to put' or 'to place'.

G4369

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-THEH-see

Translations: he will add, she will add, it will add, he will put to, she will put to, it will put to, he will give in addition, she will give in addition, it will give in addition

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to add,' 'to put to,' or 'to give in addition.' It is used to describe an action where something is joined to something else, or an increase or continuation of an action or state. In the provided examples, it often conveys the idea of 'continuing' or 'doing again,' especially in negative constructions like 'will no longer add' or 'will not add again.'

Inflection: Future, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΠΡΟΣΑΝΑΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΩ

Etymology: The word προστίθημι (prostithēmi) is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to, toward, in addition to,' and the verb τίθημι (tithēmi), meaning 'to put, place, set.' Thus, it literally means 'to put to' or 'to place toward,' leading to the sense of adding or increasing.

G0008