Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Codex Sinaiticus / Ecclesiastes / Chapter 4
Ecclesiastes, Chapter 4
Interlinear version from Codex Sinaiticus (Beta)
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G1994
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ep-es-TREP-sa
Translations: I returned, I turned back, I converted, I reverted
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to turn back', 'to return', or 'to convert'. It is often used in a literal sense of physically turning around or going back to a place, but it can also be used metaphorically to describe a spiritual turning or conversion, such as turning to God or turning from sin. It implies a change of direction or allegiance.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΣΤΡΕΦΩ
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-GOH
Translations: I, me
Notes: This is a first-person singular pronoun, meaning 'I' or 'me'. It is used when the speaker is referring to themselves as the subject of a verb (nominative case). It can also be used for emphasis.
Inflection: First person, Singular, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a common first-person pronoun found across many Indo-European languages.
G1492
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-don
Translations: I saw, I beheld, I perceived
Notes: ΕΙΔΟΝ is the first person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'to see' or 'to perceive'. It describes a completed action of seeing or perceiving that occurred in the past. It is often used to indicate a direct observation or a sudden realization.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΟΠΤΟΜΑΙ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAH-sas
Translations: all, every, whole
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate the totality or entirety of something. In the provided examples, it modifies feminine plural nouns, indicating 'all' of those nouns. For instance, 'ΠΑΣΑΣ ΤΑΣ ΑΜΑΡΤΙΑΣ ΥΜΩΝ' means 'all your sins'.
Inflection: Feminine, Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G4813
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: soo-koh-fan-TEE-as
Translations: of false accusation, of slander, of extortion, false accusation, slander, extortion
Notes: This word refers to the act of making a false accusation, engaging in slander, or practicing extortion. It describes the unjust or malicious act of bringing charges against someone without basis, or using false claims to gain something, often money or property. It can be used in contexts where someone is being wronged through deceitful means.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΒΟΛΗ, ΚΑΤΗΓΟΡΙΑ
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-nas
Translations: having become, having come to pass, having happened, having arisen, having been made, having been created
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to come into being,' 'to happen,' or 'to be made.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal qualities, describing an action that has already occurred. It often indicates the result or state of something having come into existence or having taken place. For example, it could be used to describe 'things that have happened' or 'events that have come to pass.'
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Accusative Case, Feminine Gender, Plural Number
Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΑΣ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΣΥΜΒΕΒΗΚΟΤΑΣ
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-nas
Translations: becoming, being, happening, coming into existence, being born, being made, being done, occurring
Notes: This is a present middle/passive participle form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to be,' 'to happen,' or 'to come into existence.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is ongoing or in progress. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, often indicating a state of becoming or an event unfolding. For example, it could describe something that is 'being born' or 'being made.'
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Accusative, Feminine, Plural
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΝΑΩ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΟΙΕΩ
Etymology: The verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be born,' 'to come into being,' or 'to become.' It is a fundamental verb in Greek, indicating a dynamic process of change or occurrence, as opposed to a static state of being.
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G2246
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: HEE-lee-on
Translations: sun, a sun
Notes: This word refers to the celestial body that provides light and warmth to the Earth. It is used to denote the sun itself, often in contexts related to its rising, setting, or its light. It can be used in phrases like 'under the sun' to mean 'on Earth' or 'in the world'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
G2400
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Part of Speech: Interjection, Adverb
Sounds like: ee-DOO
Translations: behold, look, see, lo, here is, here are
Notes: This word is an interjection used to draw attention to something, similar to 'behold' or 'look!' in English. It can introduce a new or important statement, often emphasizing what follows. It can also be used to present something, meaning 'here is' or 'here are'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΡΑ, ΒΛΕΠΕ
Etymology: From the aorist imperative of the verb ΟΡΑΩ (HORAO), meaning 'to see'. It functions as an interjection.
G1144
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DAK-roo-on
Translations: tear, a tear
Notes: This word refers to a tear, which is a drop of liquid that comes from the eye, typically in response to emotion, pain, or irritation. It is commonly used in contexts describing weeping or sorrow.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΛΑΥΘΜΟΣ, ΟΔΥΡΜΟΣ
Etymology: The word "δάκρυον" (dakryon) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *dáḱru-, meaning "tear." It is related to words for tears in other Indo-European languages.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G4811
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: soo-koh-fan-too-MEH-nohn
Translations: of those being falsely accused, of those being slandered, of those being extorted
Notes: This word is a passive participle, meaning 'of those who are being falsely accused,' 'of those who are being slandered,' or 'of those who are being extorted.' It describes individuals who are the victims of malicious or deceitful actions, specifically in the context of false charges or unjust demands for money. It is used to refer to the people who are suffering from such treatment.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter, Present, Passive
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΒΑΛΛΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΕΚΒΙΑΖΟΜΕΝΩΝ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express negation. It typically precedes a word beginning with a vowel or is used at the end of a clause. It is used to deny a fact or to express a strong prohibition. It is often used with verbs to negate their action, meaning 'not' or 'no'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΧΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a primary negative particle in Ancient Greek, related to similar negative particles in other Indo-European languages.
G2076
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tin
Translations: is, he is, she is, it is, there is, exists
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to be' in Koine Greek. It indicates existence, identity, or a state of being. It is commonly used to link a subject to a predicate, describing what the subject is or what state it is in. For example, it can mean 'he is' or 'it is', depending on the context.
Inflection: Third person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOYS
Translations: (to) them, (for) them, (to) themselves, (for) themselves
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ' (autos). It can mean 'to them' or 'for them' when referring to a third person plural, or 'to themselves' or 'for themselves' when used reflexively. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the recipient of an action, and can apply to masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
G3870
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Part of Speech: Participle, Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: pah-rah-kah-LOHN
Translations: comforting, exhorting, encouraging, appealing, entreating, inviting, consoling, a comforter, an exhorter, one who comforts, one who exhorts
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'one who is comforting' or 'one who is exhorting'. It describes an ongoing action of providing comfort, encouragement, or an appeal. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a substantive (a noun) referring to the person performing the action, such as 'the comforter' or 'the one who exhorts'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present Active Participle
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΗΓΟΡΩΝ, ΠΑΡΑΜΥΘΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ
G0575
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: AH-po
Translations: from, away from, by, of, out of, because of, by means of
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or cause. It is always followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case. It can mean 'from' in the sense of moving away from a place, 'from' in the sense of origin or source, or 'by' when indicating the agent or cause of an action.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab and English off.
G5495
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHEI-ross
Translations: of hand, of a hand, of the hand, of power, of authority, of control
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'χείρ' (cheir), meaning 'hand'. In Koine Greek, 'hand' can refer not only to the physical limb but also metaphorically to power, authority, control, or agency. When used in the genitive case, it often indicates possession, origin, or the agent by which something is done, thus translating to 'of hand' or 'by the hand of'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ
Etymology: The word 'χείρ' (cheir) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰesr-, meaning 'hand'. It is related to words for hand in other Indo-European languages.
G4811
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: soo-koh-fan-TOON-tohn
Translations: of those who extort, of those who accuse falsely, of those who defraud
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'sykophanteō'. It refers to the act of accusing falsely, slandering, or extorting money through false accusations. It describes people who engage in such deceitful practices, often with the intent to gain financially or socially.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Present, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΒΑΛΛΟΝΤΩΝ, ΕΚΒΙΑΖΟΝΤΩΝ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOOS
Translations: them, themselves, him, it, the same
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ' (autos). In this specific form, it is used to mean 'them' or 'themselves' when referring to masculine plural nouns in the accusative case. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'the same' depending on the context and agreement with the noun it modifies. When used as a personal pronoun, it often refers back to a previously mentioned noun.
Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΥΣ, ΣΦΑΣ
G2479
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: is-KHOON
Translations: strength, power, might, force, ability, a strength, a power
Notes: This word refers to inherent strength, power, or might, often implying a capacity for action or resistance. It can describe physical, moral, or spiritual power. In the provided context, it likely refers to the power or might of God.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ
Etymology: The word 'ΙΣΧΥΣ' (the root of ΙΣΧΥΝ) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to hold back' or 'to be strong'.
G2480
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: iss-KHOO
Translations: to be strong, to have power, to be able, to prevail, to be effective, to be valid, to be healthy
Notes: This word describes the state of possessing strength, power, or ability. It can refer to physical strength, moral fortitude, or the capacity to accomplish something. It is often used to indicate prevailing over an obstacle or being effective in a particular situation.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular; or Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person Singular; or Present, Active, Subjunctive, First Person Singular; or Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΑΙ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΩ
Etymology: The word ΙΣΧΥΩ is derived from the noun ΙΣΧΥΣ (ISCHYS), meaning 'strength' or 'might'. It is related to the concept of inherent power or ability.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G3870
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PA-ra-ka-LOH
Translations: I call to, I invite, I comfort, I encourage, I appeal, I beg, I entreat
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to call alongside' or 'to call to one's aid'. Depending on the context, it can mean to comfort, encourage, exhort, appeal to, or entreat someone. It is often used to describe the act of providing solace or urging someone to action.
Inflection: First person singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΜΥΘΕΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΗΓΟΡΕΩ, ΠΑΡΑΚΛΗΤΟΣ
G1867
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-PEH-neh-sa
Translations: I praised, I commended, I approved
Notes: This word is the first person singular, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ΕΠΑΙΝΕΩ' (epaineo), meaning 'to praise,' 'to commend,' or 'to approve.' It describes a completed action of praising or commending in the past, performed by the speaker. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'I praised him for his work.'
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΑΙΝΕΩ, ΕΥΛΟΓΕΩ
G4862
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: soon
Translations: with, together with, along with
Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.
Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G2348
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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: teth-NEE-ko-tas
Translations: dead, the dead, those who have died
Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning 'having died' or 'being dead'. It describes someone or something that has undergone the action of dying and is now in a state of death. It can be used adjectivally to modify a noun (e.g., 'the dead man') or substantively to refer to 'the dead ones' or 'those who have died'.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine, Perfect Active Participle
Synonyms: ΝΕΚΡΟΣ, ΑΠΟΘΝΗΣΚΩ
Etymology: The word θνήσκω comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to die'. It is related to words for death and dying in various Indo-European languages.
G2235
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: AY-day
Translations: already, now, by this time, forthwith
Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates something has happened or is happening at the present moment, or has already occurred. It emphasizes the immediacy or completion of an action or state. It can be used to mean 'already' in the sense of something having taken place before the expected time, or 'now' in the sense of 'at this very moment'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΝΥΝ, ΑΡΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *seh₂-d- (meaning 'already, now'). It is related to words meaning 'at that time' or 'then'.
G0599
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ah-poh-tha-NON-tas
Translations: having died, having become dead, having perished
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to die'. It describes someone or something that has already undergone the action of dying or perishing. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, indicating a completed state or action related to death. For example, it could be used to describe 'the man having died' or 'those who have died'.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΤΕΘΝΕΩΣ, ΟΛΟΘΡΕΥΘΕΙΣ
G5228
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-PER
Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than
Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.
G2198
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ZOHN-tas
Translations: living, the living, those who are living
Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'to live'. It describes someone or something that is currently alive. It is often used substantively, meaning it functions like a noun, referring to 'the living ones' or 'those who are alive'. It can be used in various contexts to distinguish between the living and the dead.
Inflection: Present, Active, Accusative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΜΨΥΧΟΣ, ΕΝΖΩΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΖΑΩ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to live' or 'to be alive'. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, indicating the state of being alive.
G3745
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Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Relative Adjective
Sounds like: OH-soy
Translations: as many as, all who, whoever, how many
Notes: This word functions as a relative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'as many as' or 'all who'. It introduces a relative clause and refers to a quantity or number of people or things. It is used to connect a dependent clause to a main clause, specifying the extent or number of the antecedent.
Inflection: Nominative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΑΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ὅς (hos, 'this, that') and the suffix -σος (-sos), indicating quantity or degree. It is related to other words indicating quantity or extent.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOY
Translations: they, themselves, to them, for them, to themselves, for themselves
Notes: This word is a pronoun that can function as a personal pronoun (they, them) or a reflexive pronoun (themselves). It can also be used to emphasize a noun, meaning 'the very' or 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the case and context. For example, in the nominative case, it typically means 'they' or 'themselves', while in the dative case, it means 'to them' or 'for them'.
Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Dative
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΙ, ΟΥΤΟΙ
G2198
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ZOH-sin
Translations: they live, they are living, they may live, they might live
Notes: This is the third person plural present active subjunctive or indicative form of the verb 'to live'. It describes an action of living or being alive performed by a group of people or things. It can be used to express a general statement about living (indicative) or a wish, possibility, or purpose related to living (subjunctive). For example, 'that they may live' or 'they are living'.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Active, Indicative or Subjunctive
Synonyms: ΒΙΟΩ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ
G2193
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition
Sounds like: EH-ohs
Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ
Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G3568
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: NOON
Translations: now, at present, at this time
Notes: ΝΥΝ is an adverb meaning 'now' or 'at present'. It refers to the current moment in time. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a conclusion in a discourse, indicating a shift to the present situation or a logical consequence.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΤΙ, ΗΔΗ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now'. It is cognate with Latin nunc and English 'now'.
G0018
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-ga-THOS
Translations: good, a good thing, goodly, virtuous, beneficial, useful, excellent
Notes: This word describes something as inherently good, morally upright, or beneficial. It can refer to a person's character, a deed, or a thing that is useful or excellent. It is often used to describe something that is pleasing to God or beneficial to humanity. As an adjective, it modifies nouns and agrees with them in gender, number, and case.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine (can also be Feminine or Neuter, and inflects for all cases and numbers)
Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ
Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is an ancient Greek term. It is not directly derived from a known Proto-Indo-European root, but its usage is consistent throughout classical and Koine Greek.
G1417
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: DEE-oh
Translations: two
Notes: This word is a cardinal numeral meaning 'two'. It is used to indicate a quantity of two of something. It is indeclinable, meaning its form does not change regardless of gender, case, or number.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'two'.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOO-toos
Translations: these, those
Notes: This word is the accusative plural masculine form of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos). It is used to point out or refer to specific people or things that are near in proximity or time, or that have just been mentioned. It functions like 'these' or 'those' in English, often referring to a group of males or a group of mixed gender.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΙΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΥΣ
G3748
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Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: HOS-tis
Translations: whoever, whatever, whichever, anyone who, anything which, everyone who, everything which
Notes: This is a compound relative pronoun, formed from the relative pronoun ὅς (who, which) and the indefinite pronoun τις (anyone, someone). It is used to introduce a relative clause and conveys a sense of indefiniteness or generality, meaning 'whoever' or 'whatever'. It can refer to persons or things and is used when the antecedent is not specific or is unknown.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΣ, ΟΣΠΕΡ
G3768
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OO-poh
Translations: not yet, not yet now, not even yet
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'not yet'. It is used to indicate that something has not happened or is not true at the present time, but implies that it might happen or become true in the future. It can be used to modify verbs or entire clauses.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΠΩ, ΟΥΔΕΠΩΠΟΤΕ
Etymology: This word is a compound of the negative particle ΟΥ (ou, 'not') and the adverb ΠΩ (pō, 'yet, up to this time').
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-GEH-neh-toh
Translations: it became, it happened, it came to pass, there was, it was
Notes: This is the third person singular, aorist indicative, middle voice form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It signifies something coming into existence, happening, or becoming. It is very commonly used in narratives to introduce new events or states, often translated as 'it came to pass' or 'there was'.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Indicative, Middle Voice
Synonyms: ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ
G3739
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Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction
Sounds like: HOS
Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when
Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.
G3708, G1492
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-den
Translations: he saw, she saw, it saw, they saw, he had seen, she had seen, it had seen, they had seen
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to see'. Depending on context and the original diacritics, it most commonly represents the aorist active indicative third person singular of 'ὁράω' (horaō), meaning 'he/she/it saw'. It can also be the third person plural of the same form, meaning 'they saw'. Less commonly, it could be a form of 'εἴδω' (eidō), which also means 'to see' or 'to know'. The specific meaning is determined by the context of the sentence.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular or Plural
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G4161
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: poy-EE-mah
Translations: work, a work, deed, a deed, creation, a creation, thing made, a thing made
Notes: This word refers to something that is made or done, a work, a deed, or a creation. It is the result of an action or effort. It can be used in sentences to describe the outcome of someone's labor or activity.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΟΝ, ΠΡΑΓΜΑ, ΚΤΙΣΙΣ
G4190
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: po-nee-RON
Translations: evil, wicked, bad, harmful, a wicked thing, an evil thing
Notes: This word describes something as evil, wicked, or bad. It can be used as an adjective to modify a noun, or it can function as a noun itself, referring to an evil or wicked thing. It often implies something that is morally corrupt, harmful, or causing distress.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΝΟΜΟΣ
Etymology: The word comes from the Greek word πόνος (ponos), meaning 'toil, labor, distress, pain', suggesting something that causes pain or is the result of painful effort, thus leading to the meaning of 'evil' or 'wicked'.
G4160
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Part of Speech: Participle, Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: peh-poy-ay-MEH-non
Translations: made, done, created, a thing made, a thing done
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been made' or 'having been done'. It describes something that has been completed or brought into existence. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a substantive (a noun) referring to the thing that has been made or done.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΣ, ΕΡΓΟΝ, ΠΡΑΓΜΑ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-ta
Translations: all, every, everything, all things
Notes: This word means 'all' or 'every'. In its plural neuter form, as seen here, it often translates to 'all things' or 'everything'. It is used to indicate totality or universality, referring to a complete set or collection of items or concepts.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G3449
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: MOKH-thon
Translations: toil, a toil, labor, hardship, distress
Notes: This word refers to strenuous physical or mental effort, often implying difficulty, hardship, or distress associated with the work. It describes the effort itself, or the result of such effort, which can be burdensome. It is typically used to describe hard work or suffering.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΟΠΟΣ, ΠΟΝΟΣ, ΚΑΚΟΠΑΘΕΙΑ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PA-san
Translations: all, every, whole, an entire
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate the totality or completeness of something. For example, it can be used to say 'all people' or 'every house'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G0427
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-nan-DREE-an
Translations: cowardice, unmanliness, effeminacy, a lack of courage
Notes: This word refers to a state of being unmanly or lacking courage, often translated as cowardice or effeminacy. It describes a deficiency in the qualities typically associated with a man, such as bravery or strength of character. It is used to describe a person's character or actions that demonstrate a lack of resolve in the face of danger or difficulty.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΕΙΛΙΑ, ΑΘΥΜΙΑ
G4161
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: poy-EE-mah-tos
Translations: (of) work, (of) deed, (of) thing made, (of) creation
Notes: This word refers to something that is made or created, a work, or a deed. It emphasizes the result of an action or the product of a creative process. It is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, often translated with 'of'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΟΥ, ΚΤΙΣΕΩΣ
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G2205
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ZAY-los
Translations: zeal, jealousy, envy, indignation, a zeal, a jealousy, an envy, an indignation
Notes: This word refers to intense passion or fervor, which can manifest in both positive and negative ways. It can mean a strong enthusiasm or devotion (zeal), or a negative emotion like jealousy or envy, often accompanied by indignation or rivalry. Its meaning depends on the context, indicating either a commendable passion for something good or a destructive, resentful feeling towards others.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΦΘΟΝΟΣ, ΕΡΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΖΗΛΟΣ comes from an ancient root meaning 'to boil' or 'to ferment,' suggesting an intense, bubbling emotion. It is related to the verb ζέω (zeō), meaning 'to boil' or 'to be hot.'
G0435
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AN-dros
Translations: of a man, of man, of a husband, of husband
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΑΝΗΡ' (anēr), which means 'man' or 'husband'. It is used to indicate possession or relationship, similar to how 'of a man' or 'a man's' is used in English. For example, it could refer to something belonging to a man, or describe a characteristic of a man.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΥ
G2087
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-TEH-roo
Translations: (of) another, (of) other, (of) a different one
Notes: This word means 'another' or 'other', often implying a difference in kind or quality, distinguishing it from something else. It is used to refer to a second or different entity from one already mentioned or implied. For example, 'the other man' or 'a different way'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: of him, of it, his, its, of himself, of itself, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a pronoun that can function as a personal pronoun, a possessive pronoun, or an intensive/reflexive pronoun. In the genitive case, as seen here, it typically means 'of him' or 'of it' when referring to a third person, or 'his' or 'its' to indicate possession. It can also be used for emphasis, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', especially when preceding the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
G1065
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: GEH
Translations: indeed, at least, even, certainly, truly
Notes: This word is an emphatic particle used to add emphasis or certainty to a statement. It can highlight a particular word or phrase, often conveying a sense of 'at least,' 'even,' or 'certainly.' It is frequently used to strengthen an assertion or to draw attention to a specific detail.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΗ, ΚΑΙ, ΜΕΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΕ is of uncertain origin, possibly an ancient demonstrative particle.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toh
Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that
Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.
G3153
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: mah-tah-EE-oh-tays
Translations: vanity, futility, emptiness, meaninglessness, a vanity
Notes: This word refers to the quality of being empty, useless, or without lasting value. It describes something that is vain, futile, or meaningless. It is often used in philosophical or theological contexts to express the transient and ultimately unsatisfying nature of worldly pursuits or possessions.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΕΝΟΤΗΣ, ΜΑΤΑΙΟΝ, ΑΝΩΦΕΛΕΙΑ
Etymology: From the adjective μάταιος (mataios), meaning 'vain, empty, foolish'. It describes the state or quality of being vain or futile.
G4286
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pro-A-ee-reh-sis
Translations: choice, a choice, purpose, a purpose, intention, an intention, preference, a preference
Notes: This word refers to a deliberate choice, purpose, or intention. It implies a decision made after consideration, often reflecting one's character or will. It is a compound word formed from πρό (pro, "before") and αἵρεσις (hairesis, "a taking, choosing"). It describes the act of choosing one thing over another, or a settled aim.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΗ, ΓΝΩΜΗ, ΘΕΛΗΜΑ
Etymology: From the Greek verb προαιρέομαι (proaireomai), meaning 'to choose before, prefer'. It is formed from πρό (pro, 'before') and αἱρέομαι (haireomai, 'to take, choose').
G4151
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PNEV-mah
Translations: Spirit, a Spirit, wind, breath, a breath
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΠΝΕΥΜΑ (PNEUMA), meaning 'Spirit', 'wind', or 'breath'. It is often used to refer to the Holy Spirit, but can also denote a human spirit, a demonic spirit, or even a physical wind or breath. It is a neuter noun.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΜΟΣ, ΠΝΟΗ
Etymology: From an ancient root meaning 'to breathe', related to the concept of air in motion. It developed to encompass both physical breath/wind and the non-physical spirit.
G0878
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: AH-phron
Translations: foolish, unwise, senseless, a fool, an unwise person
Notes: This word describes someone who is without good sense, understanding, or reason. It can be used as an adjective to describe a person or an action, or as a noun to refer to a foolish person. It implies a lack of practical wisdom or spiritual discernment.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΗΤΟΣ, ΜΩΡΟΣ
Etymology: From the negative prefix 'α-' (a-) meaning 'without' and 'φρήν' (phrēn) meaning 'mind' or 'understanding'. Thus, it literally means 'without mind' or 'mindless'.
G4014
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-ree-EH-lah-ben
Translations: embraced, encompassed, surrounded, took hold of, included, contained
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition περί (peri, meaning 'around' or 'about') and the verb λαμβάνω (lambanō, meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'). It describes the action of taking or holding something from all sides, thus encompassing, embracing, or surrounding it. It can also mean to include or contain something within a larger scope.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΜΠΕΡΙΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΣΥΝΕΧΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ
G5495
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHEI-ras
Translations: hands, a hand
Notes: This is an inflected form of the Koine Greek noun 'χείρ' (cheir), meaning 'hand'. In this form, 'ΧΙΡΑΣ' typically functions as the accusative plural, referring to multiple hands as the direct object of a verb. It can also, less commonly, be interpreted as the nominative or accusative singular form of a first declension noun, but given the root 'χείρ', the accusative plural is the most common and appropriate interpretation.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΕΞΙΑ, ΠΑΛΑΜΗ
G5495
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHEI-ras
Translations: hands
Notes: This word refers to hands, the physical appendages at the end of the arm. It is used in various contexts, often literally for actions involving the hands, but also metaphorically to signify power, control, or agency. For example, something might be 'in the hands of' someone, meaning under their control.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
G5315
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-FAH-gen
Translations: he ate, she ate, it ate, he consumed, she consumed, it consumed
Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'to eat' or 'to consume'. It describes an action that happened in the past, completed at a specific point. It can be used in sentences like 'He ate the bread' or 'The fire consumed the field'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΣΘΙΩ
Etymology: The verb ΦΑΓΩ (phago) is an irregular aorist form used for the verb ΕΣΘΙΩ (esthio), meaning 'to eat'. Its origin can be traced back to Proto-Indo-European roots related to eating or consuming.
G4561
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: sar-KAS
Translations: flesh, meat, the flesh, the meat
Notes: This word refers to flesh, meat, or the body. It is often used to describe the physical substance of living beings, including humans and animals. In some contexts, it can also refer to human nature or the physical aspect of a person, as opposed to the spiritual. It is used here in the accusative plural, indicating the direct object of an action.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΩΜΑ, ΚΡΕΑΣ
G0018
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ah-gah-THON
Translations: good, a good thing, what is good, beneficial, virtuous
Notes: This word describes something as good, beneficial, or virtuous. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating its positive quality. It can also be used substantively as a neuter noun, meaning 'a good thing' or 'what is good', referring to a moral or material benefit.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word originates from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'good' or 'able'. It has cognates in other Indo-European languages.
G4138
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: play-ROH-mah
Translations: fullness, a fullness, completion, what fills, contents, a full measure, a complement, fulfillment
Notes: This word refers to that which fills or completes something. It can denote the contents of a vessel, the full measure or amount of something, or the completion or fulfillment of a period of time, a prophecy, or a purpose. It is often used to describe the abundance or totality of something.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΛΗΡΩΣΙΣ, ΠΛΗΡΩΣ
Etymology: From the verb ΠΛΗΡΟΩ (PLEROO), meaning 'to fill' or 'to complete', which itself comes from ΠΛΗΡΗΣ (PLERES), meaning 'full'.
G1404
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DRAH-koss
Translations: handful, a handful, portion, a portion
Notes: ΔΡΑΚΟΣ (drakos) refers to a handful or a portion of something, typically a small amount that can be held in the hand. It is often used in contexts describing quantities of grain, food, or other small items. For example, one might speak of a 'handful of barley' or a 'portion of bread'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΡΑΓΜΑ, ΔΡΑΞ
Etymology: The word ΔΡΑΚΟΣ (drakos) is derived from the verb δράσσομαι (drassomai), meaning 'to grasp' or 'to take a handful'. It is related to the concept of holding something in the hand.
G372
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-nah-PAH-seh-ohs
Translations: of rest, of repose, of refreshment
Notes: This word refers to a state of rest, cessation from labor, or refreshment. It implies a period of quiet and tranquility after exertion or trouble. It is often used in a spiritual sense, referring to the rest that believers find in God.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΣΙΣ, ΚΑΤΑΠΑΥΣΙΣ
G4138
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: play-ROH-mah-tah
Translations: fullness, a fullness, completion, that which fills, contents, a full complement, a filling, a supply
Notes: This word refers to that which fills or completes something, or the state of being full. It can denote the contents of something, a full complement of people or things, or the act of filling. It is often used to describe a state of abundance or completion.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΛΗΡΩΣΙΣ, ΓΕΜΙΣΜΑ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ
G1404
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DRA-kohn
Translations: dragon, a dragon, serpent, a serpent
Notes: This word refers to a dragon or a large serpent. In ancient Greek literature and the Bible, it often symbolizes a powerful, dangerous, or evil entity. It is typically used as a singular noun in the nominative case, acting as the subject of a sentence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΦΙΣ, ΘΗΡΙΟΝ
Etymology: The word "δράκων" comes from the Greek verb "δέρκομαι" (derkomai), meaning "to see clearly" or "to gaze." This suggests a connection to the creature's sharp sight or its ability to watch intently.
G3449
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: MOKH-thoo
Translations: of toil, of labor, of hardship, of distress, of exertion
Notes: This word refers to the effort, labor, or hardship involved in a task, often implying wearisome toil or distress. It describes the state or result of strenuous exertion. In the provided context, it is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or relation, such as 'of toil' or 'of labor'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΟΝΟΣ, ΚΟΠΟΣ, ΚΑΚΟΠΑΘΕΙΑ
Etymology: The word ΜΟΧΘΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the verb μοχθέω (mokhtheō), meaning 'to toil' or 'to labor'.
G4260
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pro-ahee-REH-seh-ohss
Translations: of choice, of purpose, of intention, of will, of resolve
Notes: This word refers to a deliberate choice, purpose, or intention, often implying a pre-meditated decision or a settled resolve. It describes the act of choosing one thing over another, or the underlying will behind an action. It is a compound word, formed from πρό (pro, 'before') and αἵρεσις (hairesis, 'a taking, a choice').
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΗ, ΓΝΩΜΗ, ΘΕΛΗΜΑ
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Part of Speech: Unknown
Sounds like: Unknown
Translations: unknown
Notes: This word, "ΠΝΣ", is not a recognized word in Koine Greek. It is highly likely a misspelling, a transcription error, or an abbreviation. Without diacritics, it's impossible to determine if it's an abbreviation of a known word like πνεῦμα (pneuma, meaning 'spirit' or 'wind') or another word entirely. It could also be a garbled or badly misspelled text from an ancient manuscript.
Inflection: Unknown
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-GOH
Translations: I, me
Notes: This is an inflected form of the first-person singular pronoun, meaning 'I' or 'me'. It is used to refer to the speaker or writer. In Koine Greek, the pronoun 'ego' is often omitted when the subject is clear from the verb's ending, but it is included for emphasis.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative
G3153
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: mah-tah-YOH-tay-tah
Translations: vanity, a vanity, futility, emptiness, meaninglessness, a meaninglessness
Notes: This word refers to the state of being empty, useless, or without purpose. It often describes the transient and unsatisfying nature of worldly pursuits or things that lack true value. It can be used to describe actions, words, or even life itself as being futile or meaningless.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΕΝΟΤΗΣ, ΑΝΩΦΕΛΕΙΑ
Etymology: From the adjective μάταιος (mataios), meaning 'empty, vain, futile'. It describes the quality or state of being μάταιος.
G1519, G1520
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one
Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'
Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).
G1208
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: DEH-oo-teh-ros
Translations: second, a second
Notes: This word means 'second' in terms of order, rank, or time. It is used to indicate the item or person that follows the first in a sequence. As an adjective, it modifies nouns and agrees with them in gender, number, and case.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular. This adjective inflects for gender (masculine, feminine, neuter), number (singular, plural), and case (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative).
Etymology: From an unused root meaning 'to follow'. It is related to the concept of 'two' but specifically denotes the ordinal position.
G5207
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: HUI-os
Translations: son, a son
Notes: This word refers to a male offspring, a son. It is a masculine noun and is commonly used to denote a direct descendant or, in a broader sense, someone who shares a close relationship or characteristic with another, such as 'sons of God' or 'sons of disobedience'. It can also refer to a young man or a male child.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΠΑΙΣ
Etymology: From an unused root, probably meaning 'to beget'. It is related to the concept of generation and lineage.
G0080
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-DEL-fos
Translations: brother, a brother, fellow believer, countryman, kinsman
Notes: This word refers primarily to a male sibling, a brother. However, in a broader sense, it can also denote a fellow human being, a countryman, a kinsman, or, especially in a religious context, a fellow believer or disciple. It is commonly used to address or refer to members of a community or group who share a common bond.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΔΕΛΦΟΤΗΣ, ΣΥΝΤΕΚΝΟΣ
Etymology: From the prefix 'α-' (a-) meaning 'together' and 'δελφύς' (delphys) meaning 'womb'. Thus, it literally means 'from the same womb', referring to siblings.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TOH
Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) them, (for) him, (for) her, (for) it, (for) them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, the same
Notes: This word is a personal pronoun that can also function as an adjective. In its pronominal use, it typically means 'him', 'her', 'it', or 'them', depending on the gender and number. When used intensively, it can mean 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. As an adjective, it means 'the same'. The form ΑΥΤΩ is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΥΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a demonstrative pronominal stem. It is a fundamental pronoun in Greek, used across various dialects and periods.
G4000
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: peh-RAS-mos
Translations: end, a limit, conclusion, termination
Notes: This word refers to an end, limit, or conclusion. It is often used to denote the cessation of something, such as toil, a process, or a quantity. In the provided examples, it consistently conveys the idea of 'no end' or 'without limit' to various activities or groups.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΤΕΛΟΣ, ΟΡΙΟΝ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΙΑ
Etymology: The word ΠΕΡΑΣΜΟΣ (perasmos) is derived from the verb περάω (peraō), meaning 'to pass through' or 'to cross over', and the suffix -μος (-mos), which forms nouns of action or result. It is related to the noun πέρας (peras), meaning 'end' or 'limit'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tee
Translations: (to) all, (to) every, (to) each
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'each'. It is used to describe a noun, indicating that the quality or action applies to the entirety of something or to every individual member of a group. In this dative singular form, it often translates to 'to all', 'to every', or 'to each', depending on the context of the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G3425
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: mokh-THOH
Translations: toil, to labor, to work hard, to struggle, to exert oneself
Notes: This verb describes the act of toiling or laboring with great effort, often implying hardship or weariness. It refers to strenuous physical or mental exertion. It can be used in sentences to describe someone working diligently or struggling through a difficult task.
Inflection: First Person Singular, Present Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood
Synonyms: ΚΟΠΙΑΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΜΝΩ
Etymology: The word μοχθέω (mokhtheō) is derived from the noun μόχθος (mokthos), meaning 'toil, labor, hardship'. Its origin is uncertain, but it is related to the idea of struggle or effort.
G3788
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oph-thal-MOS
Translations: eye, an eye, sight, vision
Notes: This word refers to the physical organ of sight, the eye. It can also be used metaphorically to refer to one's spiritual perception or understanding, or to one's vision in a broader sense. It is commonly used in contexts describing physical sight or the act of seeing.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΒΛΕΜΜΑ
Etymology: From an ancient root related to seeing. It is cognate with Latin 'oculus' and English 'eye', tracing back to a common Proto-Indo-European origin.
G1705
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: em-PIP-la-tai
Translations: is filled, is satisfied, is sated, is gorged
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to be filled' or 'to be satisfied'. It describes a state of being completely full, often in the sense of having enough food or possessions, or being sated with something. It is often used in a passive sense, indicating that something is being filled or satisfied by an external force.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Passive, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΛΗΡΟΥΤΑΙ, ΚΟΡΕΝΝΥΤΑΙ
G4149
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PLOO-too
Translations: of wealth, of riches, of abundance, of opulence
Notes: This word refers to wealth, riches, or abundance. It is used to describe material possessions, but can also refer to spiritual richness or abundance. As a genitive noun, it often indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of wealth' or 'belonging to wealth'. It can be used in phrases like 'the glory of wealth' or 'the power of wealth'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΡΗΜΑΤΩΝ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΕΙΑΣ, ΕΥΠΟΡΙΑΣ
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TEE-nee
Translations: to/for someone, to/for something, by someone, by something, with someone, with something, in what, to what, by what, a certain one, a certain thing, (to) what, (to) whom, (to) which
Notes: ΤΙΝΙ is the dative singular form of the indefinite and interrogative pronoun ΤΙΣ. As an indefinite pronoun, it means 'someone,' 'something,' 'a certain one,' or 'a certain thing,' indicating an unspecified person or object. As an interrogative pronoun, it means 'to whom,' 'to what,' 'by whom,' or 'by what,' asking about the recipient or agent of an action. Its meaning depends on the context, often indicating an indirect object or an instrument.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, All genders
Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ
G4735
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: steh-RIS-koh
Translations: deprive, defraud, rob, bereave, suffer loss
Notes: This verb means to deprive someone of something, to defraud, or to bereave. It is often used in the context of taking something away from someone, whether by force, deceit, or circumstance. For example, one might be deprived of food, money, or a loved one.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΦΑΙΡΕΩ, ΑΠΟΔΕΚΑΤΕΥΩ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ
Etymology: From στέρομαι (steromai), meaning 'to be deprived of'. It is related to the concept of being without something.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G5590
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PSY-khen
Translations: soul, a soul, life, a life, mind, a mind, self, a self
Notes: This word refers to the soul, the principle of life, or the inner self. It can denote a person's life, their mind, or their spiritual essence. It is often used to describe the seat of emotions, desires, and affections, and can also refer to the individual person themselves.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΖΩΗ, ΠΝΕΥΜΑ
Etymology: From a root meaning 'to breathe', referring to the breath as the principle of life. It is related to the verb ψύχω (psycho), meaning 'to breathe, to blow'.
G1700
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: moo
Translations: of me, my, mine
Notes: ΜΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning "of me," "my," or "mine." It indicates possession or origin, similar to how "my" or "mine" is used in English. It can be used with nouns to show ownership (e.g., "my house") or with verbs to indicate the source or object of an action (e.g., "he heard of me").
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Common Gender
G0019
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-gah-thoh-SOO-nes
Translations: of goodness, of kindness, of uprightness
Notes: This word refers to the quality of being good, kind, or upright. It describes moral excellence and benevolence, often implying an active demonstration of these virtues. It is used to speak about the inherent goodness or kindness of a person or a divine being.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΣΥΝΗ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΤΗΣ
G4025
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: peh-rees-pas-MOS
Translations: distraction, a distraction, anxiety, worry, trouble, a trouble
Notes: This word refers to a state of being drawn away or pulled in different directions, often by cares, anxieties, or various concerns. It describes a condition of being overwhelmed or distracted by multiple demands or troubles, leading to mental distress or preoccupation. It can be used to describe the troubles or worries themselves that cause this state.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΕΡΙΜΝΑ, ΘΛΙΨΙΣ, ΑΓΩΝΙΑ
Etymology: The word "ΠΕΡΙΣΠΑΣΜΟΣ" is derived from the verb "περισπάω" (perispao), meaning "to draw around, to distract, to draw away." It combines "περί" (peri), meaning "around" or "about," and "σπάω" (spao), meaning "to draw" or "to pull."
G4190
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: po-NEE-ros
Translations: evil, wicked, bad, malicious, harmful, worthless, a wicked person, the evil one
Notes: This word describes something or someone as evil, wicked, or bad. It can refer to moral depravity, harmfulness, or worthlessness. It is often used to describe people who are morally corrupt or actions that are harmful. When used substantively, it can refer to 'the evil one,' often understood as the devil.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ
Etymology: The word is derived from πονέω (poneō), meaning 'to toil, labor, suffer,' suggesting something that causes toil or suffering, hence 'evil' or 'painful.'
G0018
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-gah-THOY
Translations: good, good ones, the good
Notes: This word describes something or someone as inherently good, morally upright, beneficial, or pleasant. It can refer to a person's character, actions, or the quality of an object. In the plural form, it often refers to 'good people' or 'good things'.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΙ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΙ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G1520
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Part of Speech: Numeral, Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: EH-nah
Translations: one, a, an, a certain
Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the numeral 'one'. It can be used as a numeral to indicate a single unit, or as an indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an'. It can also function as an indefinite pronoun, meaning 'a certain one' or 'someone'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to other words meaning 'one' in various Indo-European languages.
G3739
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: OYS
Translations: to whom, to which, to what
Notes: This word is a relative pronoun, meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what'. It is used to introduce a relative clause, connecting it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It indicates the indirect object of the verb in the relative clause, showing to whom or to what an action is directed. It can refer to people or things and is used for all genders.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ὉΠΟΙΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun and is a common form for relative pronouns across Indo-European languages.
G3406
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: MISTH-os
Translations: wages, reward, pay, a reward, a wage
Notes: This word refers to payment for work or service, often translated as 'wages' or 'pay'. It can also signify a 'reward' or recompense for actions, whether good or bad. It is typically used in the singular or plural to denote the compensation received.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΔΟΣΙΣ, ΜΙΣΘΑΠΟΔΟΣΙΑ, ΕΠΑΘΛΟΝ
Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be pre-Greek or from a root meaning 'to hire'.
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EN
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, their own
Notes: This word is a personal pronoun in the genitive plural. It can be translated as 'of them' or 'their', indicating possession or origin. It is often used reflexively, meaning 'their own' or 'of themselves', referring back to the subject of the sentence.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΣΦΩΝ, ΕΑΥΤΩΝ
G1437
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: eh-AHN
Translations: if, when, whenever, although
Notes: This word is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It often implies a condition that is possible or expected to occur, or a general truth. It can also be used to mean 'when' or 'whenever' in a general sense, or even 'although' in some contexts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΙ
Etymology: From the conjunction εἰ (ei, 'if') and the particle ἄν (an), which indicates potentiality or contingency. It combines these elements to form a conditional conjunction.
G4098
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-SOH-sin
Translations: they fall, they may fall, they might fall, they should fall
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to fall' or 'to fall down'. It is used to describe the action of something or someone descending due to gravity or losing balance and coming to the ground. It can also be used metaphorically to mean 'to fail' or 'to perish'. As a subjunctive form, it often expresses possibility, desire, or a hypothetical situation.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΠΙΠΤΩ, ΠΙΠΤΩ
G1453
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-GAY-ree
Translations: he raises, she raises, it raises, he awakens, she awakens, it awakens, he stirs up, she stirs up, it stirs up
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to raise,' 'to awaken,' or 'to stir up.' It is often used to describe the act of causing someone or something to stand up, to wake from sleep, or to rise from the dead. It can also refer to stirring up emotions or actions. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'he raises the child' or 'it awakens the city.'
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΑΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΔΙΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΕΞΕΓΕΙΡΩ
Etymology: The word ΕΓΕΙΡΩ comes from an ancient root meaning 'to awaken' or 'to rouse.' It is related to words in other Indo-European languages with similar meanings.
G3341
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: MEH-to-khon
Translations: partner, a partner, companion, a companion, sharer, a sharer, partaker, a partaker
Notes: This word refers to someone who shares in something, a partner, or a companion. It describes a person who participates with others in an activity, a common interest, or a shared experience. It can be used to describe someone who is a colleague, an associate, or simply someone who is with another person.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΚΟΙΝΩΝΟΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ
G3759
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Part of Speech: Interjection
Sounds like: OO-ah-ee
Translations: Woe, alas
Notes: This word is an exclamation expressing grief, sorrow, or a warning of impending disaster. It is often used to lament a situation or to pronounce a curse or judgment upon someone or something. It can be used independently or followed by a dative case or the particle 'ὅτι' (hoti) to introduce the reason for the woe.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: This word is of imitative origin, mimicking a cry of pain or lamentation. It is found in various forms across different languages.
G1762
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Verb
Sounds like: EH-nee
Translations: there is, there are, it is possible, it is lawful, it is present, it is in
Notes: ΕΝΙ is an enclitic adverbial form of the verb εἰμί (eimi), meaning 'to be'. It typically translates to 'there is' or 'there are', indicating existence or presence. It can also convey the meaning 'it is possible' or 'it is lawful'. In some contexts, it functions as an adverb meaning 'in' or 'within', often implying 'it is in' or 'it is present in'. It is a common word in Koine Greek, used to express existence or possibility.
Inflection: Third person singular, present indicative, active, enclitic form of εἰμί (eimi)
Synonyms: ΕΣΤΙΝ, ΥΠΑΡΧΕΙ
G3752
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OH-tan
Translations: when, whenever, as often as, at the time that
Notes: This word is a conjunction or adverb used to introduce a temporal clause, indicating a point in time or a condition. It means 'when' or 'whenever,' suggesting that something happens at a specific moment or repeatedly under certain circumstances. It is often followed by the subjunctive mood in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΤΕ, ΗΝΙΚΑ
Etymology: From the conjunction ὅτε (hote, 'when') and the particle ἄν (an, indicating potential or contingency).
G4098
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PEH-see
Translations: fall, fall down, fall upon, fall into, be cast down, perish
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'pipto', meaning 'to fall'. It is used to describe the act of descending, collapsing, or being cast down. It can also imply perishing or falling into a particular state or situation. In the provided examples, it describes falling onto the ground, falling into a house, or falling upon a bear.
Inflection: Aorist, Subjunctive, Active, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΩ, ΚΑΤΑΠΙΠΤΩ, ΕΜΠΙΠΤΩ
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G3588, G3739, G2228
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection
Sounds like: AY
Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah
Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)
Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.
G1453
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-GHEE-rai
Translations: to raise, to raise up, to awaken, to arise, to stand up, to lift up, to build, to restore
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'ΕΓΕΙΡΩ' (egeiro), meaning 'to raise' or 'to awaken'. It is commonly used to describe the act of raising someone from sleep, from a prone position, or from death (resurrection). It can also refer to building or restoring something, or causing something to come into existence. In the provided examples, it appears to be used in the context of raising someone up or causing something to arise.
Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active
Synonyms: ΑΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΔΙΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΕΞΕΓΕΙΡΩ
G1453
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-GAY-rah-ee
Translations: to raise, to awaken, to rouse, to stand up, to arise, to be raised, to be awakened
Notes: This word means to raise, awaken, or rouse someone or something. It can be used in various contexts, such as raising the dead, waking someone from sleep, or causing someone to stand up. It can also refer to the act of building or establishing something. The form 'ΕΓΕΙΡΑΙ' is an infinitive, indicating the action itself, or a passive/middle imperative, commanding someone to be raised or to raise themselves.
Inflection: Aorist Active Infinitive or Present Middle/Passive Imperative (2nd Person Singular)
Synonyms: ΑΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΕΞΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΔΙΕΓΕΙΡΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to awaken, to rouse'. It is related to words for 'to wake' or 'to stir'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: OW-toh
Translations: him, it, himself, itself, the same, this, that, of him, of it, to him, to it
Notes: ΑΥΤΟ is an inflected form of the third-person pronoun or demonstrative adjective ΑΥΤΟΣ. As a pronoun, it refers to 'him', 'her', or 'it', depending on gender and number. As an adjective, it can mean 'the same' or 'this/that very one'. It can also be used intensively to emphasize the subject, meaning 'himself' or 'itself'. Its meaning often depends on its position in the sentence relative to the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΟΥΤΟΣ
G2837
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: koy-may-THOH-sin
Translations: they may sleep, they may fall asleep, they may die, they may rest
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to sleep' or 'to fall asleep'. In a broader sense, it can also refer to 'dying' or 'resting' in death, as death is often metaphorically described as sleep in ancient Greek. It is used to describe the action of multiple subjects sleeping or resting.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Subjunctive, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΥΠΝΟΩ, ΚΑΘΕΥΔΩ
G2345
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ther-MEH
Translations: heat, warmth, a heat, a warmth
Notes: This word refers to heat or warmth. It is used to describe a physical sensation of warmth or the state of being hot. For example, it can describe the warmth of a bed or the heat that causes something to melt.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΥΣΩΝ, ΠΥΡ
Etymology: The word 'therme' comes from the Greek root 'thermos', meaning 'hot'. It is related to the concept of warmth and heat.
G4459
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: POHS
Translations: how, in what way, by what means, that, in order that
Notes: ΠΩΣ is an adverb used to inquire about the manner or means by which something occurs, translating to "how" or "in what way." It can introduce direct or indirect questions. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning "that" or "in order that," especially when expressing purpose or result.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative and interrogative pronominal stems.
G2328
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ther-man-THEE
Translations: may be warmed, should be warmed, may be heated, should be heated
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to be warmed' or 'to be heated'. It is used to describe something or someone becoming warm or hot. As a subjunctive verb, it often expresses a possibility, a wish, or a condition, such as 'that it may be warmed' or 'if it should be warmed'.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Subjunctive, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΚΚΑΙΩ, ΖΕΣΤΑΙΝΩ
Etymology: The root word ΘΕΡΜΑΙΝΩ (thermainō) comes from the Greek word θερμός (thermos), meaning 'hot' or 'warm'.
G1933
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-pee-krah-tah-YOH-thee
Translations: was strengthened, was confirmed, was made strong, was made firm
Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from 'epi' (upon, over) and 'krataioo' (to strengthen, to make strong). It describes an action where something or someone is made strong, confirmed, or established, often with an emphasis on the process of becoming strong or being firmly established. It is used to indicate a state of being powerfully confirmed or strengthened.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΝΔΥΝΑΜΟΩ, ΚΡΑΤΑΙΟΩ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΠΟΙΕΩ
G2476
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: STAY-son-tai
Translations: they will stand, they will be set, they will be established, they will take a stand
Notes: This is a verb meaning "to stand" or "to cause to stand." In this form, it indicates a future action, specifically that a group of people or things "will stand" or "will be established." It can be used in various contexts, such as standing firm, standing up, or being set in place.
Inflection: Future, Middle or Passive, Indicative, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΑΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΜΕΝΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to stand'. It is related to words for standing in many Indo-European languages.
G2713
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition
Sounds like: kah-teh-NAN-tee
Translations: opposite, before, in front of, over against, in the presence of
Notes: This word functions as an adverb or a preposition, indicating a position directly facing or opposite to something or someone. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case. It describes being in the presence of, or confronting, another entity.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ, ΑΠΕΝΑΝΤΙ, ΚΑΤΑΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ
Etymology: This word is a compound formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the adverb ΕΝΑΝΤΙ (enanti), meaning 'opposite' or 'before'.
G4685
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: spar-TEE-on
Translations: cord, rope, line, a cord, a rope, a line
Notes: This word refers to a cord, rope, or line, typically made from spartium (Spanish broom), a plant known for its strong fibers. It can be used for various purposes, such as binding things together or as a measuring line. In a sentence, it would function as a direct object or subject, referring to a physical cord.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΣΧΟΙΝΙΟΝ, ΚΑΛΩΔΙΟΝ
Etymology: The word ΣΠΑΡΤΙΟΝ is derived from σπάρτον (sparton), meaning 'rope' or 'cord', which itself comes from σπάρτος (spartos), referring to the spartium plant (Spanish broom) from which such ropes were made.
G5154
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: en-TREE-ton
Translations: third, a third, the third
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'third'. It is used to denote the ordinal position in a sequence, indicating something that comes after the second. It can refer to a third person, object, or part.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
G3756, G3757
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when
Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)
Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ
Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.
G5035
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: TA-kheh-ohs
Translations: quickly, swiftly, soon, speedily, at once
Notes: This word describes an action performed with speed or promptness. It indicates that something happens without delay or in a rapid manner. It is often used to emphasize the urgency or immediacy of an event or command.
Inflection: Does not inflect (adverbial form of ΤΑΧΥΣ)
Synonyms: ΕΥΘΕΩΣ, ΠΑΡΑΧΡΗΜΑ
G4486
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-por-rah-gee-SEH-tai
Translations: will be broken off, will be torn away, will burst forth, will be shattered
Notes: This word describes an action that will happen in the future, indicating something will be broken, torn, or burst apart. It is in the passive voice, meaning the subject of the verb will be the one experiencing the breaking or tearing, rather than performing the action.
Inflection: Future, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΡΙΒΗΣΕΤΑΙ, ΔΙΑΡΡΑΓΗΣΕΤΑΙ
G3816
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PAIS
Translations: child, a child, boy, a boy, girl, a girl, servant, a servant, slave, a slave
Notes: This word refers to a child, whether a boy or a girl, and can also denote a servant or slave, regardless of age. Its meaning often depends on the context, indicating a young person or someone in a position of servitude. For example, it can refer to a son or daughter, or a male or female attendant.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΔΟΥΛΟΣ, ΚΟΡΑΣΙΟΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- ('small, few'). It is related to words meaning 'child' or 'small' in various Indo-European languages.
G3993
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: PEH-nays
Translations: poor, a poor man, needy, a needy person
Notes: This word describes someone who is poor, needy, or in want. It can be used as an adjective to describe a person or as a noun to refer to a poor person. It emphasizes a state of being in need, often due to lack of resources or wealth.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΤΩΧΟΣ, ΕΝΔΕΗΣ
Etymology: From πένω (penō, "to toil, work hard"), suggesting someone who works hard for their living but still has little.
G4680
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: SOH-foss
Translations: wise, a wise person, skillful, clever
Notes: This word describes someone who possesses wisdom, skill, or cleverness. It can be used as an adjective to modify a noun (e.g., 'a wise man') or as a substantive noun itself, meaning 'a wise person' or 'the wise one'. It often implies practical wisdom and understanding.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΤΟΣ, ΦΡΟΝΙΜΟΣ, ΕΜΦΡΩΝ
Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European *sap- meaning 'to taste, to perceive'. It is related to the noun σοφία (sophia), meaning 'wisdom'.
G0935
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-ah
Translations: king, a king
Notes: This word refers to a king, monarch, or ruler. It is used to denote the sovereign head of a state or people. In its accusative form, it typically functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ
G4245
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: pres-by-TEH-ron
Translations: older, elder, more ancient, a presbyter, an elder
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective or noun 'presbyteros'. As an adjective, it means 'older' or 'elder', often used to compare age or seniority. As a noun, it refers to an 'elder' or 'presbyter', a person of advanced age or a leader in a community, particularly in religious contexts. It can be used to describe someone who is more senior in age or position than another.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative; or Singular, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΠΡΕΣΒΥΣ, ΓΕΡΩΝ
G878
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: AH-froh-nah
Translations: foolish, senseless, unwise, a fool, an unwise person
Notes: This word describes someone who is foolish, senseless, or lacking in understanding, particularly in a moral or spiritual sense. It implies a lack of practical wisdom or discernment, often leading to imprudent actions or decisions. It can be used to describe a person who acts without proper consideration or who fails to grasp important truths.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΗΤΟΣ, ΑΣΥΝΕΤΟΣ
G1097
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EG-noh
Translations: knew, perceived, understood, recognized
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to know', 'to perceive', 'to understand', or 'to recognize'. It often implies a knowledge gained through experience or observation, rather than mere intellectual assent. As a past tense form, it describes an action that was completed in the past.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΟΙΔΑ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ
G4337
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-EKH-ayn
Translations: to pay attention, to give heed, to attend to, to beware, to apply oneself, to hold to
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb προσέχω. It means to direct one's mind or attention towards something, often implying caution, diligence, or adherence. It can be used to mean 'to pay attention to', 'to be careful', 'to beware of', 'to apply oneself to', or 'to hold to' a teaching or person. It often takes a dative object or a prepositional phrase.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΕΧΩ
Etymology: The word προσέχω is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. Thus, it literally means 'to hold towards' or 'to have towards', which developed into the sense of directing one's attention or mind towards something.
G2089
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: EH-tee
Translations: still, yet, even, besides, further, moreover, again, no longer
Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate continuation, addition, or emphasis. It can mean 'still' or 'yet' when referring to something ongoing, 'further' or 'moreover' when adding information, or 'even' for emphasis. It can also be used with a negative to mean 'no longer' or 'not yet'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΤΙ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eti, meaning 'beyond, in addition'. It is related to the English word 'et' (and).
G1537, G1803
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral
Sounds like: eks
Translations: out of, from, by, of, six
Notes: This word can function in two main ways. As a preposition, it means 'out of' or 'from', indicating origin, source, or separation. It is always used with the genitive case. It can also denote the agent or cause of something. As a numeral, it means 'six'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΕΚ, ΕΞΑ
Etymology: As a preposition, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'out'. As a numeral, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'six'.
G3624
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oy-KOO
Translations: of a house, of a home, of a household, of a family, of a temple, of a dwelling
Notes: This word is a noun referring to a house, home, or dwelling place. It can also refer to a household, family, or even a temple. In its genitive form, as seen here, it indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of' or 'belonging to'. It is used to describe the place where people live or a group of people living together.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΗΜΑ, ΟΙΚΗΣΙΣ
G1199
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: des-MOHN
Translations: (of) chains, (of) bonds, (of) imprisonment, (of) prison
Notes: This word refers to physical restraints, such as chains or bonds, used to secure or confine someone. It is often used in the context of imprisonment or captivity, signifying the state of being bound or held captive.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΛΥΣΕΩΝ, ΔΕΣΜΟΙΣ, ΦΥΛΑΚΗΣ
G1831
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ex-el-EU-se-tai
Translations: he will go out, she will go out, it will go out, he will come out, she will come out, it will come out
Notes: This word describes the action of moving from an inside place to an outside place, or from one state to another. It is often used to indicate departure, emergence, or the act of coming forth. It can refer to a person, animal, or even an abstract concept like a word or a spirit. In a sentence, it would typically be used as the main verb indicating future action.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΚΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΚΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ
G0936
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-sai
Translations: to reign, to rule, to be king, to become king
Notes: This word means 'to reign' or 'to rule as a king'. It describes the act of exercising royal authority or holding a position of sovereignty. It can be used in contexts referring to a literal king ruling over a kingdom, or metaphorically to describe someone or something having dominion or control.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩ, ΚΥΡΙΕΥΩ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΩ
G0932
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-ah
Translations: kingdom, reign, royal power, a kingdom
Notes: This word refers to a kingdom, royal rule, or sovereignty. It can denote the territory ruled by a king, the act of reigning, or the abstract concept of kingship or royal authority. It is often used in the New Testament to refer to the 'kingdom of God' or 'kingdom of heaven'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΝ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣΙΣ
Etymology: From the Greek word βασιλεύς (basileus), meaning 'king'. It refers to the domain or authority of a king.
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-geh-NEE-thee
Translations: was born, became, happened, came to pass, was made, occurred
Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist indicative passive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It signifies something coming into existence, being born, becoming, happening, or occurring. It is used to describe events that took place in the past, often emphasizing the result or outcome of an action or process.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΝΑΩ, ΓΙΓΝΟΜΑΙ
G4840
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: soom-PAN-tas
Translations: all, everyone, the whole, all things
Notes: This word is a compound adjective meaning 'all together' or 'the whole of something'. It is used to refer to a collective group or the entirety of a thing. It emphasizes the totality or completeness of what is being described, often translated as 'all' or 'everyone'.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΑΣ, ΟΛΟΣ
G4043
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: peh-ree-pah-TOON-tahs
Translations: walking, a walking one, those walking, going about, living, conducting oneself
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to walk'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of walking or going about. In a broader sense, it can also refer to one's manner of life or conduct, indicating how someone lives or behaves.
Inflection: Present, Active, Masculine, Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΒΑΙΝΟΝΤΑΣ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ
Etymology: The word περιπατέω is a compound word formed from περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and πατέω (pateō), meaning 'to tread' or 'to walk'. Thus, it literally means 'to walk around' or 'to walk about'.
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides
Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G3495
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: neh-ah-NEE-skoo
Translations: of a young man, of a youth, of a young servant
Notes: This word refers to a young man or a youth, often implying someone in the prime of life, typically between adolescence and middle age. It can also refer to a young servant or attendant. As a genitive form, it indicates possession or origin.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΝΕΟΣ, ΝΕΑΝΙΑΣ
G1208
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: DEH-oo-teh-ROO
Translations: (of) second, (of) a second
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'second' in order, rank, or time. It is used to indicate something that follows the first. For example, it can describe the second person, the second day, or a second occurrence of an event. In the provided examples, 'ἐκ δευτέρου' functions adverbially, meaning 'a second time' or 'again'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: From the Greek word ΔΥΟ (duo), meaning 'two'.
G0450
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: an-as-TEE-seh-tai
Translations: he will rise, he will stand up, he will be raised, he will appear
Notes: This word is a future tense form of the verb 'anistemi', meaning 'to cause to rise' or 'to stand up'. It is often used in contexts of resurrection, rising from the dead, or appearing on the scene. It can also refer to standing up from a seated or lying position.
Inflection: Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΑΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΕΞΑΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνίστημι (anístēmi), from ἀνά (aná, 'up') + ἵστημι (hístēmi, 'to stand, to set').
G0473
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: AHN-tee
Translations: instead of, in place of, for, in return for, opposite to, against, in exchange for, in comparison with
Notes: This word functions as a preposition, typically governing the genitive case, indicating substitution, opposition, or exchange. It can mean 'instead of' or 'in place of' someone or something. It is also a very common prefix in compound words, conveying meanings such as 'against', 'opposite', 'in return for', or 'in place of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or prefix)
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti, meaning 'face to face, opposite'. It is cognate with Latin ante ('before') and Sanskrit ánti ('opposite, in front of').
G2992
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: lah-OH
Translations: people, a people, nation, a nation
Notes: This word refers to a people, a nation, or a multitude of individuals, often used in the context of a specific group or community, such as the people of Israel or the people of God. It can be used to describe a general populace or a distinct ethnic or national group.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΟΧΛΟΣ
Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to λᾶς (lās, "stone"), referring to people as "stones" or "foundations." It is also suggested to be from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂w- ("people, army").
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAH-sin
Translations: to all, for all, with all, by all, in all
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate totality or completeness, often modifying a noun to show that something applies to every member of a group or every part of a whole. In this dative plural form, it typically translates as 'to all', 'for all', 'with all', or 'in all', depending on the context.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G1726
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition
Sounds like: em-PROS-then
Translations: before, in front of, in the presence of, ahead, (of) before, (of) in front of, (of) in the presence of
Notes: This word functions primarily as an adverb indicating position or direction, meaning 'before' or 'in front'. It can also be used as a preposition, typically taking the genitive case, to mean 'in front of' or 'in the presence of' someone or something. It denotes a spatial relationship, indicating that one thing is situated ahead of another, or a relational context, signifying being in the sight or presence of someone.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an adverb); functions as an improper preposition with the genitive case.
Synonyms: ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ, ΚΑΤΕΝΑΝΤΙ
Etymology: From the preposition 'en' (in) and 'prosthen' (before, from 'pros' - toward). It literally means 'in front' or 'in the forepart'.
G2078
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ES-kha-toy
Translations: last, outermost, uttermost, extreme, lowest, least
Notes: This word describes something that is at the very end, whether in terms of position, time, or degree. It can refer to the final point in a sequence, the most distant place, or the lowest rank or condition. It is often used to emphasize the ultimate or extreme nature of something.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΥΤΑΙΟΣ
G2165
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: yoo-fran-THEH-son-tai
Translations: they will rejoice, they will be glad, they will be merry
Notes: This word is a verb indicating a future action of rejoicing or being glad. It describes a state of happiness or merriment that will occur. It is often used to express joy, celebration, or delight, particularly in a communal or collective sense, as it is in the third person plural.
Inflection: Future, Passive, Indicative, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΣΟΝΤΑΙ, ΧΑΡΗΣΟΝΤΑΙ
Etymology: The word ΕΥΦΡΑΙΝΩ (euphrainō) is derived from the Greek prefix εὖ (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good', and the verb φραίνω (phrainō), which is related to φρήν (phrēn), meaning 'mind' or 'heart'. Thus, it literally means 'to be well-minded' or 'to be in good heart', leading to the sense of being glad or rejoicing.
G5442
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: foo-LAK-son
Translations: guard, keep, protect, observe, watch
Notes: This word means to guard, keep, protect, or observe. It is often used in the imperative mood to give a command or exhortation, such as 'Guard!' or 'Keep!' It can refer to protecting something from harm, keeping a command, or watching over someone.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, 2nd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΤΗΡΕΩ, ΦΥΛΑΤΤΩ
G4228
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: POH-da
Translations: foot, a foot
Notes: This word refers to a foot, the lower extremity of the leg. It is used in various contexts to denote physical movement, position, or as a metaphor for control or submission, especially when used in phrases like 'under the feet'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΣ, ΙΧΝΟΣ
G4771
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Part of Speech: Personal Pronoun
Sounds like: soo
Translations: of you, your, yours
Notes: ΣΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the second-person personal pronoun 'you'. It indicates possession or relationship, similar to 'your' or 'of you' in English. It can be used to show that something belongs to the person being addressed, or to indicate the object of certain prepositions or verbs that take the genitive case.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, All genders
G5599, G3739
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Part of Speech: Letter, Interjection, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-meh-gah (as a letter); OH (as an interjection); OH (as a pronoun)
Translations: Omega, O, Oh, the end, the last, (to) whom, (to) which, (to) what, (to) that, (to) who, (to) those, (to) whomsoever, (to) whatsoever
Notes: This character, Omega, is the twenty-fourth and final letter of the Greek alphabet. As a letter, it represents the long 'o' sound. It can also function as an interjection, similar to 'O' or 'Oh' in English, used for direct address or exclamation. Furthermore, without diacritics, 'Ω' can represent the dative singular form of the relative pronoun 'ὅς, ἥ, ὅ', meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what', depending on context and gender. It can refer to a person or thing that is the indirect object of an action.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a letter or interjection); Dative, Singular, All genders (as a relative pronoun)
Etymology: The letter Omega is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'. Its name literally means 'great O' (ō mega), distinguishing it from Omicron ('small O'). As a relative pronoun, it originates from Proto-Indo-European roots.
G0302
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: AN
Translations: if, perhaps, whatever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, as soon as, until, before
Notes: This word is a conditional particle used to express possibility, contingency, or indefiniteness. It is often used with the subjunctive mood to form conditional clauses, indicating that an action or state is dependent on a certain condition. It can also be combined with other words to form indefinite relative pronouns or adverbs, such as 'whoever', 'whatever', or 'whenever'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΟΤΑΝ, ΟΠΟΥ
Etymology: The particle 'an' is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂en- meaning 'on, at'. It is an ancient Greek particle that has been used since classical times.
G4198
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: por-YOO-eh
Translations: you go, you walk, you travel, you depart, you proceed
Notes: This word means 'to go', 'to walk', 'to travel', 'to depart', or 'to proceed'. It describes the act of moving from one place to another, whether literally walking or metaphorically proceeding in a course of action. It is often used in the context of a journey or a way of life.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Second Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΟΔΕΥΩ
G4198
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: por-YOO-es-thai
Translations: to go, to travel, to walk, to proceed, to depart
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to go' or 'to travel'. It is often used to describe movement from one place to another, whether literally walking, journeying, or metaphorically proceeding in a certain manner or direction. It can also imply departing or setting out.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ
G3624
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OY-kon
Translations: house, home, household, temple, dwelling
Notes: This word refers to a house, a dwelling place, or a household, which can include the family members and servants living within it. It can also refer to a temple or a place of worship. It is often used to denote a physical structure, but can also metaphorically represent a family line or a spiritual dwelling.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΗΜΑ, ΟΙΚΗΣΙΣ
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: theh-OO
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a sacred abbreviation for the word ΘΕΟΥ (Theou), meaning 'of God'. It is used to refer to the divine being, God, in the genitive case. In ancient Greek texts, nomina sacra were common contractions for frequently used sacred names and titles, indicating reverence and saving space. This form would typically be used in phrases like 'the house of God' or 'the power of God'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΥ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΟΥ
Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ (Theos) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to do, to place, to set', or possibly 'to shine'. It is a fundamental term in Greek for a deity or god.
G1451
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition
Sounds like: ENG-goos
Translations: near, nigh, at hand, close, ready, almost, of near
Notes: This word functions as an adverb meaning 'near' or 'at hand', indicating proximity in space or time. It can also be used as a preposition with the genitive case, meaning 'near to' or 'close to' something. For example, it might describe a person being physically close to a place, or an event being imminent. It can also convey the sense of 'almost' or 'ready'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an adverb); functions as a preposition with the genitive case.
Synonyms: ΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ, ΕΠΙΣΤΑΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΕΓΓΥΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁en- meaning 'in' or 'on'. It has been used in Greek since ancient times to denote proximity.
G1448
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ENG-ghee-son
Translations: draw near, come near, approach, come close
Notes: This word is an aorist active imperative form of the verb ἐγγίζω (engizō), meaning 'to draw near' or 'to approach'. It functions as a command or exhortation, telling someone to come closer or to approach. It can be used in both a physical sense (drawing near to a place or person) and a temporal sense (a time or event drawing near).
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΛΗΣΙΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ
G0191
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-KOO-ayn
Translations: to hear, to listen, to understand, to obey
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ΑΚΟΥΩ'. It means 'to hear' or 'to listen'. Depending on the context, it can also imply 'to understand' or 'to obey' what is heard. It is used to express the action of perceiving sound or giving attention to something spoken.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active
Synonyms: ΕΙΣΑΚΟΥΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the sense of hearing and perception.
G1394
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DOH-mah
Translations: gift, a gift
Notes: This word refers to something that is given, a present, or a donation. It is used to describe an act of giving or the item that is given. It is a neuter noun.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΔΩΡΟΝ, ΔΟΣΙΣ
Etymology: From the verb δίδωμι (didomi), meaning 'to give'. It refers to the result of the act of giving.
G878
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-PHROH-nohn
Translations: of foolish, of unwise, of senseless, of thoughtless
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'aphron', meaning foolish or senseless. It describes something belonging to or characteristic of foolish or unwise people. It is often used to denote a lack of understanding or prudence.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΗΤΩΝ, ΑΣΥΝΕΤΩΝ
G1325
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: DOO-nye
Translations: to give, to grant, to bestow
Notes: ΔΟΥΝΑΙ is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb δίδωμι, meaning 'to give'. It is used to express the action of giving, granting, or bestowing something. As an infinitive, it often functions similarly to 'to give' in English, indicating purpose, result, or as the object of another verb.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΧΕΙΝ, ΧΑΡΙΖΕΣΘΑΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΟΝΑΙ
G877
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-fro-SOO-nes
Translations: of foolishness, of folly, of senselessness, of unreasonableness
Notes: This word refers to the quality or state of being foolish, senseless, or lacking in good judgment. It describes an action or a characteristic that is irrational or imprudent. It is often used to denote a lack of understanding or wisdom.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΙΑ, ΑΦΡΟΣΥΝΗ
Etymology: From the Greek word 'aphron' (meaning 'foolish' or 'senseless'), which is itself derived from 'a-' (a negative prefix) and 'phren' (meaning 'mind' or 'understanding'). Thus, it literally means 'without mind' or 'lack of understanding'.
G2378
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: thy-SEE-as
Translations: of sacrifice, of an offering, sacrifices, offerings, a sacrifice, an offering
Notes: This word refers to a sacrifice or an offering, typically made to a deity. It can be used to describe the act of offering something, or the thing that is offered itself. In the provided examples, it is used in the plural to denote multiple sacrifices or offerings.
Inflection: Feminine, Genitive Singular or Accusative Plural
Synonyms: ΔΩΡΟΝ, ΠΡΟΣΦΟΡΑ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-seen
Translations: they are, are
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to be'. It means 'they are' or simply 'are', indicating existence or a state of being for a plural subject. It can be used to link a subject to a predicate, such as 'they are good' or to state the existence of something, as in 'there are many people'.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΥΣΙΝ, ΓΙΝΟΝΤΑΙ
G1492
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: EYE-doh-tes
Translations: knowing, having known, having seen, perceiving, understanding, being aware
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'oida', meaning 'to know' or 'to have seen'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone who is in the state of knowing or having perceived something. It can be translated as 'knowing' or 'having known', often implying a state of awareness or understanding based on prior experience or observation. It is used to describe individuals who possess knowledge or have gained insight into a particular matter.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΟΝΤΕΣ, ΕΠΙΣΤΑΜΕΝΟΙ
Etymology: The verb 'oida' (from which 'eidotes' is derived) is a perfect tense form that functions as a present tense, meaning 'I know'. It comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *weid-, meaning 'to see' or 'to know'.
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: poy-AY-sah-ee
Translations: to make, to do, to create, to perform, to produce, to bring about
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'to make' or 'to do'. It expresses the action of making, doing, creating, or performing something. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often used after other verbs or prepositions to indicate purpose or result.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ
G2570
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: kah-LON
Translations: good, beautiful, noble, right, fitting, a good thing, a beautiful thing
Notes: ΚΑΛΟΝ is the neuter singular form of the adjective ΚΑΛΟΣ. It describes something as good, beautiful, noble, excellent, or fitting. It can refer to moral goodness, aesthetic beauty, or practical suitability. It is often used to describe what is morally right or advantageous, or something that is beneficial.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΟΣ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ, ΕΥΠΡΕΠΗΣ
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