Home / Interlinears (Beta) / The Shepherd of Hermas — Visions / Vision 2 / Chapter 1Vision 2, Chapter 1
Interlinear version from The Shepherd of Hermas — Visions (Beta)
G4198
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: por-yoo-MEH-noo
Translations: going, of going, of one going, of those going, of him going, of them going, of traveling, of one traveling, of those traveling
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to go' or 'to travel'. It describes someone or something that is in the process of going or traveling. As a genitive participle, it often functions like a possessive or descriptive phrase, indicating 'of one who is going' or 'of those who are going', depending on the context and number. It can be used to describe the action of a subject without being the main verb of the sentence.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Singular or Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΟΔΕΥΩ
G1700
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: moo
Translations: of me, my, mine
Notes: ΜΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning "of me," "my," or "mine." It indicates possession or origin, similar to how "my" or "mine" is used in English. It can be used with nouns to show ownership (e.g., "my house") or with verbs to indicate the source or object of an action (e.g., "he heard of me").
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Common Gender
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G2968
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOH-mas
Translations: villages, a village
Notes: This word refers to villages or small towns, typically unfortified settlements in the countryside, distinct from larger cities. It is used to describe places where people live outside of major urban centers.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΙΣ, ΧΩΡΑΙ
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: KAH-tah
Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along
Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G2540
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kai-RON
Translations: time, a time, season, a season, opportune time, a opportune time, proper time, a proper time
Notes: This word refers to a specific, appointed, or opportune time, a critical moment, or a season, rather than general chronological time (which is 'χρόνος'). It often implies a qualitative aspect of time, emphasizing the right or fitting moment for something. In the provided examples, it is used in the accusative case, indicating the object of an action or a duration.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΟΣ, ΩΡΑ, ΕΠΟΧΗ
Etymology: The etymology of 'καιρός' is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the idea of 'fitting' or 'proper'.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ON
Translations: being, existing, a being, that which is
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'being' or 'existing'. It describes something that is in a state of being or existence. As a neuter singular form, it often refers to 'that which is' or 'a being', and can function as a noun.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G4070
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: PER-oo-see
Translations: last year, a year ago
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'last year' or 'a year ago'. It is used to indicate that an action or event occurred in the previous year. For example, one might say 'I went there last year' using this word.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'last year'.
G4043
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: peh-ree-pa-TON
Translations: walking, going about, living, conducting oneself, one who walks, while walking
Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'ΠΕΡΙΠΑΤΕΩ' (peripateō), meaning 'to walk around' or 'to go about'. It describes an action that is ongoing. In a broader sense, it can refer to one's manner of life or conduct, indicating how someone lives or behaves. It is often used to describe someone who is literally walking, but can also be used metaphorically for one's spiritual or moral journey.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΒΑΔΙΖΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ
G0363
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-nem-NEES-thayn
Translations: I remembered, I recalled, I was reminded
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to remember' or 'to recall'. It is often used in the passive voice to mean 'to be reminded'. It describes the act of bringing something back to mind, either intentionally or by being prompted. For example, one might say 'I remembered the promise' or 'I was reminded of the past'.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive
Synonyms: ΜΙΜΝΗΣΚΩ, ΕΠΙΛΑΝΘΑΝΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word ΑΝΑΜΙΜΝΗΣΚΩ is a compound verb formed from the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb μιμνήσκω (mimnesko), meaning 'to remind' or 'to remember'. The prefix intensifies the action of remembering, implying a bringing back to mind.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G4074
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: peh-roo-SEE-nays
Translations: (of) last year, (of) the previous year
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'of last year' or 'belonging to last year'. It is used to describe something that occurred or existed in the previous year. For example, one might speak of 'last year's harvest' or 'the events of last year'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G3706
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oh-RAH-seh-ohs
Translations: of a vision, of a sight, of an appearance, of a revelation
Notes: This word refers to the act of seeing, a sight, a vision, or an appearance. It can also denote a divine revelation or an insight. In a sentence, it would typically be used to indicate the source or origin of something related to seeing or a vision, often translated with 'of' or 'from'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΘΕΑ, ΕΠΙΦΑΝΕΙΑ
G3825
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: PAH-lin
Translations: again, back, anew, once more, on the other hand, moreover, in turn
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'again' or 'back'. It is used to indicate a repetition of an action or a return to a previous state or place. It can also be used to introduce a contrasting idea, similar to 'on the other hand' or 'moreover'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΥΘΙΣ, ΕΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kwel- (to turn, revolve). It refers to a turning back or repetition.
G1691
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MEH
Translations: me
Notes: This word is the first-person singular pronoun 'me' in the accusative case. It is used as the direct object of a verb or as the object of certain prepositions, indicating the recipient of an action or the object being affected.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, First Person
Etymology: The word ΜΕ (me) derives from the ancient Greek first-person singular pronoun. Its form has remained largely consistent throughout various stages of the Greek language.
G0142
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: A-ree
Translations: he takes, she takes, it takes, he lifts, she lifts, it lifts, he carries, she carries, it carries, he removes, she removes, it removes
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to take, lift, carry, or remove. It is used to describe an action where something is picked up, carried away, or taken possession of. Its meaning can vary depending on the context, often implying either a physical act of lifting or a more abstract act of taking away or choosing.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΑΠΑΙΡΩ
G4151
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PNEV-mah
Translations: spirit, a spirit, wind, a wind, breath, a breath
Notes: This word refers to 'spirit,' 'wind,' or 'breath.' In a physical sense, it can mean a gust of wind or the act of breathing. Theologically, it often refers to the Holy Spirit, a spiritual being, or the human spirit. It is a neuter noun and its meaning can vary depending on the context, from a literal breeze to a divine essence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΜΟΣ, ΠΝΟΗ
Etymology: The word ΠΝΕΥΜΑ derives from the verb πνέω (pneō), meaning 'to breathe,' 'to blow,' or 'to gasp.' It refers to something that is breathed or blown.
G0667
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-po-FEH-ree
Translations: carries away, bears away, brings back, yields, produces
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo, meaning 'from' or 'away from') and the verb φέρω (pherō, meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'). It generally means to carry something away from a place, to bear something off, or to bring something back. In some contexts, it can also mean to yield or produce, especially in the sense of bringing forth fruit or results.
Inflection: Third person singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ἈΓΩ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ
Etymology: The word ἀποφέρω is a compound of ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'. The root φέρω comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to carry' or 'to bear'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: him, it, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun, typically meaning 'him' or 'it' when used as a personal pronoun. It can also be used intensively to mean 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject or object. It refers to a previously mentioned male person or a neuter object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter
G5117
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TO-pon
Translations: place, a place, region, a region, spot, a spot, location, a location
Notes: This word refers to a specific physical location, area, or region. It can be used to denote a particular spot, a general area, or even a position or status. For example, it might be used to say 'this place' or 'in that region'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΟΙΚΟΣ
G3699
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OH-poo
Translations: where, whither, in what place, to what place
Notes: This word is an adverb of place, meaning 'where' or 'whither'. It can indicate a location or a direction. It is often used to introduce a clause that specifies a place, similar to how 'where' is used in English.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΗ, ΟΥ
Etymology: From the interrogative stem *po- (from which also ΠΟΥ, 'where?') and the particle -ου (from which also ΟΥ, 'where'). It indicates a place or direction.
G2064
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: el-THOHN
Translations: having come, when he came, after coming, coming
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is completed before the main verb's action. It often functions adverbially, indicating the time or circumstance of the main action, such as 'when he came' or 'after he had come'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΗΚΩΝ, ΠΑΡΑΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.
G5087
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: TEE-thoh
Translations: I put, I place, I lay, I set
Notes: This word is a common verb meaning 'to put,' 'to place,' 'to lay,' or 'to set.' It is used to describe the action of physically positioning an object or person somewhere. For example, one might 'put' a book on a table or 'lay' a child down to sleep.
Inflection: Present Active Indicative, 1st Person Singular
Synonyms: ΒΑΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ
Etymology: The word ΤΙΘΗΜΙ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-, meaning 'to put, place, set.' It is a very ancient and fundamental verb in the Greek language.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G1119
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GOH-na-tah
Translations: knees
Notes: This word refers to the knees, the joints in the middle of the legs. It is the plural form of the word for 'knee' and is used to describe both human and animal knees. It can be used in contexts referring to kneeling or physical actions involving the knees.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words for 'knee' in many other Indo-European languages.
G0756
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: heer-KSAH-meen
Translations: I began, I started
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to begin' or 'to start'. It describes the initiation of an action or process. It is often followed by an infinitive verb, indicating what was begun.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Indicative Mood, First Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΝΑΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΡΧΟΜΑΙ
G4336
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-yoo-KHES-thai
Translations: to pray, to make supplication, to offer prayer
Notes: This word means 'to pray' or 'to make supplication'. It is a compound verb formed from 'πρός' (towards, to) and 'εὔχομαι' (to pray, to wish). It is commonly used to describe the act of communicating with God or a deity, expressing desires, thanks, or worship. It can be used in various tenses and moods to indicate when and how the prayer is being offered.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΔΕΟΜΑΙ, ΑΙΤΕΩ
Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΟΜΑΙ is a compound of the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb ΕΥΧΟΜΑΙ (euchomai), meaning 'to pray' or 'to wish'. It signifies directing one's prayer or wish towards a specific entity, typically God.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-OH
Translations: to the Lord, for the Lord, to the master, for the master, to an owner, for an owner
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, meaning 'Lord,' 'master,' or 'owner.' In the dative case, it typically indicates the indirect object of an action, the recipient, or the beneficiary. It is commonly used in religious contexts to refer to God or Jesus Christ, but can also refer to a human master or owner. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'to give thanks to the Lord' or 'to serve the master.'
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ
G1392
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dox-AH-zeen
Translations: to glorify, to praise, to honor, to magnify, to esteem, to exalt
Notes: This word means to glorify, praise, or honor someone or something. It is often used to describe the act of giving glory to God or a deity, acknowledging their greatness and majesty. It can also refer to showing respect or esteem for a person or thing, or to making something appear glorious or splendid. It is a verb that indicates an action of bestowing honor or recognition.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΙΝΕΩ, ΥΜΝΕΩ, ΤΙΜΑΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: (of) him, his, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun. In this genitive singular form, it typically means 'of him,' 'his,' 'of it,' or 'its,' indicating possession or origin. It can refer to a male person or a neuter object/concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'self'. It is an ancient Greek word that has been in continuous use.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G3686
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: O-no-MA
Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority
Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or even authority, as a name often represents the person or entity itself. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive; Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥. It is cognate with Latin nōmen and English name.
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G0514
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: AX-ee-on
Translations: worthy, deserving, fitting, proper, a worthy thing, a fitting thing
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'worthy,' 'deserving,' or 'fitting.' It is used to describe something or someone that is of appropriate value, merit, or suitability for a particular purpose or situation. It can be used to say that something is 'worthy of' something else, often followed by a genitive case.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΥΛΟΓΟΣ, ΠΡΕΠΩΝ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἈΞΙΟΣ (axios) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ag- meaning 'to drive, draw, move'. It is related to the idea of weighing or balancing, thus leading to the sense of 'having weight' or 'being worthy'.
G2233
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hay-GAY-sah-toh
Translations: to lead, to guide, to rule, to consider, to think, to account
Notes: This verb means to lead, guide, or rule over someone or something. It can also mean to consider, think, or account something as true or important. In some contexts, especially when compounded with prepositions like 'ἀπό' (apó) or 'διά' (diá), it can mean to narrate or relate a story or event.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩ, ΚΥΡΙΕΥΩ, ΝΟΜΙΖΩ
G1107
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eg-NOH-ri-sen
Translations: he made known, he revealed, he recognized, he knew
Notes: This word means 'he made known' or 'he revealed'. It describes the action of someone disclosing information, making something clear, or causing something to be understood by another person. It can also mean 'he recognized' or 'he knew', indicating an act of becoming aware of or identifying something or someone.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΔΗΛΟΩ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΩ, ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΠΤΩ
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MOY
Translations: (to) me, (for) me
Notes: ΜΟΙ is the dative form of the first-person singular pronoun 'I'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, showing to whom or for whom an action is performed. It can also express possession or benefit.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, First Person
Synonyms: ΕΜΟΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient word, found across many Indo-European languages.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G0266
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-mar-TEE-as
Translations: of sin, of sins, of a sin, sin, a sin
Notes: This word refers to a sin, an offense, or a transgression against divine or moral law. It can also refer to the state of sinfulness. In the provided examples, it is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or relation, often translated as 'of sin' or 'of sins'. It is commonly used in theological contexts to describe moral failings.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΜΙΑ, ΠΑΡΑΠΤΩΜΑ, ΑΣΕΒΕΙΑ
G4387
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective
Sounds like: PRO-teh-ron
Translations: before, formerly, first, earlier, a former thing, a prior thing
Notes: This word functions primarily as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'formerly' in time, indicating something that happened earlier or previously. It can also be the neuter singular form of the comparative adjective 'πρότερος', meaning 'prior' or 'former', often used substantively to refer to 'the former thing' or 'that which was before'. It is used to contrast with something that comes later.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (often used adverbially)
Synonyms: ΠΡΙΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙ, ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ
Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ is a comparative form derived from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides
Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G1453
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-GER-thay-nai
Translations: to be raised, to be awakened, to be aroused, to rise, to arise
Notes: This word is an aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'egeirō'. It means 'to be raised' or 'to be awakened'. It is often used in the context of rising from sleep, rising from a seated or prone position, or being raised from the dead. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often following verbs that indicate a command, necessity, or ability.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ΕΞΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΔΙΕΓΕΙΡΩ
G0575
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: AH-po
Translations: from, away from, out of, off, (of), by, since, after
Notes: ἈΠΟ is a common Koine Greek preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or source. It is always used with the genitive case. It can mean 'from' or 'away from' a place or person, indicating movement away. It can also denote the cause or agent ('by'), or a temporal starting point ('since', 'after').
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἘΚ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'off' and 'of'.
G4335
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pros-yoo-KHEES
Translations: of prayer, of a prayer, of supplication
Notes: This word refers to prayer or supplication, an act of addressing God. It is often used in the context of religious devotion or a plea for help. It is a compound word, formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and εὐχή (euchē), meaning 'a wish' or 'a prayer'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΕΗΣΙΣ, ΕΥΧΗ
G0991
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: BLEH-poh
Translations: see, look, perceive, behold, beware, consider, discern, take heed
Notes: This verb means to see, look, or perceive, often with an emphasis on the act of looking or the mental perception of something. It can be used to describe physical sight, but also to understand, discern, or pay attention to something. It is frequently used in the imperative to mean 'beware' or 'take heed'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular. As a verb, it inflects for person, number, tense, mood, and voice.
Synonyms: ΟΡΑΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΕΙΔΩ
Etymology: From an unstated root, possibly related to the idea of 'to look' or 'to see'. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of usage.
G0001
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: Ah-peh-NAN-tee
Translations: opposite, in front of, before, against
Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate a position directly facing or opposite to something or someone. It can also mean 'in the presence of' or 'before' a person or thing. It is often used with the genitive case to specify what it is opposite to.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἘΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ, ΚΑΤΕΝΑΝΤΙ, ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπ- (ap-, 'from') and ἔναντι (enanti, 'opposite'). It literally means 'from opposite' or 'from in front of'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G4245
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pres-by-TEH-ran
Translations: older, elder, a more aged woman, the elder woman
Notes: This word is the feminine accusative singular form of the comparative adjective 'presbyteros'. It refers to someone who is older in age or rank. In the New Testament, it can refer to an 'elder' in the church, but in its feminine form, it often refers to an 'older woman' or 'elder woman'. It is used to describe someone who is more advanced in years compared to another.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΕΡΟΝΤΕΡΑΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙΟΤΕΡΑΝ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ANE
Translations: was, he was, she was, it was, I was
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'to be'. It is used to describe a state of being or existence in the past, often indicating a continuous or repeated action or condition. For example, it can mean 'he was' or 'it was'.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, 1st or 3rd person singular
G4074
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: PEH-roo-sen
Translations: last year, a year ago
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'last year' or 'a year ago'. It is used to indicate a past time frame, specifically the preceding year. It does not inflect.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word 'ΠΕΡΥΣΕΝ' (perysen) comes from the ancient Greek adverb 'πέρυσι' (perysi), meaning 'last year'. It is related to the concept of 'passing through' or 'passing by'.
G3708
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-oh-RAH-kayn
Translations: had seen, had perceived, had looked at, had observed
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to see' or 'to perceive'. The form 'ΕΩΡΑΚΕΙΝ' is the pluperfect active infinitive, indicating an action that was completed before some point in the past. It describes the state of having seen something previously.
Inflection: Pluperfect, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΕΙΔΟΝ
G4043
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: peh-ree-pa-TOO-san
Translations: walking, a walking, going about, living, conducting oneself
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'peripateō', meaning 'to walk' or 'to go about'. In a broader sense, it can also refer to one's manner of life, conduct, or behavior. It describes someone who is in the act of walking or living in a particular way.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Present, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΔΙΖΩ
G0314
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ah-nah-gih-NOH-soo-sahn
Translations: reading, a reading (one), an understanding (one), a knowing (one)
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'reading' or 'one who is reading'. It is derived from the compound verb 'ἀναγινώσκω', which means 'to know again', 'to recognize', or 'to read'. It is often used to describe someone who is in the act of reading or has the ability to read and understand. It can also imply a deeper understanding or recognition of something.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Present Active Participle
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ
G975
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BEEB-lah-REE-dee-on
Translations: little book, a little book, scroll, a scroll, booklet, a booklet
Notes: This word is a diminutive of the Greek word 'βιβλίον' (biblion), meaning 'book' or 'scroll'. Therefore, 'βιβλαρίδιον' refers to a small book, a booklet, or a small scroll. It is used to describe a written document of a smaller size.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ, ΤΟΜΟΣ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LEH-ghei
Translations: says, speaks, he says, he speaks, she says, she speaks, it says, it speaks
Notes: This is a common Koine Greek verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is frequently used to introduce direct quotes or to state what someone (or something) is declaring. It is often translated as 'he says' or 'the Lord says' in biblical contexts.
Inflection: Third person singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ
G1410
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: DY-nee
Translations: you may be able, you can, you are able
Notes: This is a verb form meaning 'to be able' or 'to have power'. It is used to express capability or possibility, often in the sense of 'you can' or 'you are able to'. It is commonly found in contexts where someone is empowered to do something or has the capacity for an action.
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Aorist, Subjunctive, Middle Voice
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΩ, ΕΞΕΣΤΙ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOW-tah
Translations: these, these things
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'these' or 'these things'. It refers to something previously mentioned or understood from the context, pointing it out specifically. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, while as an adjective, it modifies a noun.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G1588
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ek-LEK-toys
Translations: chosen, elect, selected, preferred
Notes: This word describes someone or something that has been chosen or selected, often implying a special status or favor. It is used to refer to individuals or groups who are set apart for a particular purpose or blessing. In a sentence, it would modify a noun, indicating that the noun possesses the quality of being chosen.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΚΛΕΓΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΕΚΛΕΛΕΓΜΕΝΟΙ
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAY-oo
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΘΕΟΣ' (theos), meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, the genitive case often indicates possession, origin, or relationship, similar to the English 'of' or the possessive apostrophe 's'. Therefore, 'ΘΕΟΥ' typically translates to 'of God' or 'of a god', depending on the context. It can refer to the one true God or to a pagan deity.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G0312
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-nah-NGEL-lai
Translations: to announce, to report, to declare, to tell, to bring back word
Notes: This word means to announce, report, declare, or tell something. It often implies bringing back a message or information, or making something known publicly. It is used to describe the act of conveying news or a statement.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΠΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΕΞΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “up, again, back”) + ἀγγέλλω (angéllō, “to announce, report”).
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LEH-goh
Translations: say, speak, tell, call, mean
Notes: This is a very common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to introduce direct or indirect speech, to give commands, or to express an opinion. It can also mean 'to call' or 'to name' someone or something, or 'to mean' something.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΕΡΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *leg- meaning 'to collect, gather'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to pick out words', hence 'to speak' or 'to say'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TEH
Translations: she, herself, to her, for her, of her, her, it, itself, to it, for it, of it, its, they, them, themselves
Notes: This word is a form of the pronoun 'autos', meaning 'self' or 'same'. It can function as a personal pronoun (he, she, it, they), a reflexive pronoun (himself, herself, itself, themselves), or an intensive pronoun (the very, the same). Its specific meaning depends on its case, number, and gender, and the context of the sentence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine; or Singular, Dative, Feminine; or Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative, Neuter
Etymology: The word 'autos' (from which 'autē' is derived) comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ew-to-, a pronominal stem. It is related to other pronouns and demonstratives in various Indo-European languages.
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: koo-REE-ah
Translations: lady, mistress, a lady, a mistress, Lord, master
Notes: This word is the feminine form of the noun 'κύριος' (kyrios), meaning 'lord' or 'master'. It can refer to a female head of a household, a mistress, or a lady of high standing. It can also be used as an adjective meaning 'lordly' or 'authoritative'. In some contexts, it can refer to the Lord (God) in a more general sense, or to a female deity.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΙΝΑ, ΚΥΡΑ
G5118
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: toh-SAH-oo-tah
Translations: so much, so many, such, so great, as much, as many
Notes: This word is a demonstrative adjective meaning 'so much,' 'so many,' or 'such.' It is used to indicate a quantity or degree that is as great as, or corresponds to, something previously mentioned or understood. It can be used with both countable and uncountable nouns. For example, it might be used to say 'so many things' or 'so much trouble.'
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΤΟΣΟΣ, ΤΗΛΙΚΟΥΤΟΣ
G3421
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: mnee-moh-NEV-sai
Translations: to remember, to call to mind, to be mindful of
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'to remember' or 'to call to mind'. It is used to express the action of remembering or being mindful of something, often in a general or timeless sense, or as the object of another verb (e.g., 'he wanted to remember').
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΜΙΜΝΗΣΚΩ, ΑΝΑΜΙΜΝΗΣΚΩ, ΕΝΘΥΜΕΟΜΑΙ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G1410
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: DOO-na-mahee
Translations: I am able, I can, I have power, I am strong enough
Notes: This verb means 'to be able', 'to have power', or 'to be strong enough'. It is often used to express capability or possibility, indicating that someone has the capacity or permission to do something. It can be followed by an infinitive to show what one is able to do.
Inflection: First person singular, Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΩ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΩ
Etymology: From δύναμις (dynamis), meaning 'power' or 'ability'. It is related to the concept of inherent strength or capacity.
G1325
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: doss
Translations: give
Notes: This word is the second person singular, aorist active imperative form of the verb 'δίδωμι' (didomi), meaning 'to give'. It is used to issue a direct command or instruction to a single person, equivalent to saying 'Give!' or 'You give!'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, 2nd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word δίδωμι (didomi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *deh₃- meaning 'to give'. It is a reduplicated present stem, a common feature in ancient Greek verbs.
G0975
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BEE-blee-dee-on
Translations: little book, a little book, small scroll, a small scroll, document, a document
Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling or a rare variant of 'βιβλίδιον' (biblidion), which is a diminutive form of 'βιβλίον' (biblion). It refers to a small book, a little scroll, or a document. It would be used in a sentence to denote a written item of small size or significance.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ, ΤΕΥΧΟΣ
G2443
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: EE-nah
Translations: in order that, that, so that, to
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.
G3343
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: meh-tah-GRAHP-soh-my
Translations: I will transcribe, I will copy, I will rewrite
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'μετά' (meta, meaning 'with' or 'after') and the verb 'γράφω' (grapho, meaning 'to write'). It means to transcribe, copy, or rewrite something. It is used to describe the action of writing something down again, often from one form or source to another.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Future, Middle Voice, Indicative
Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙΓΡΑΦΩ, ΑΠΟΓΡΑΦΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TOH
Translations: it, itself, the same
Notes: This word is a versatile pronoun and adjective. As a pronoun, it typically means 'he,' 'she,' 'it,' or 'they,' depending on its gender and number. When used as an adjective, it can mean 'the same' or serve as an intensive pronoun, emphasizing the noun it modifies, such as 'himself,' 'herself,' 'itself,' or 'themselves.' Its meaning is highly dependent on its grammatical case, number, and gender within a sentence.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: This word is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'that, that one.' It developed into the Greek pronoun and adjective 'autos,' retaining its core sense of identity or self.
G2983
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LAH-beh
Translations: take, receive, get
Notes: ΛΑΒΕ is the second person singular aorist active imperative form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō). It means 'take!', 'receive!', or 'get!'. It is a command or an exhortation directed at a single person, urging them to perform the action of taking or receiving something.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, 2nd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PHAY-sin
Translations: he says, she says, it says, he said, she said, it said
Notes: This word is a common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone else has said or to introduce a direct quote. It can be translated as 'he says', 'she says', or 'it says', and often implies 'he/she/it said' in narrative contexts.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΡΩ
Etymology: The word ΦΗΜΙ (phēmi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to speak' or 'to show'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of speaking or declaring.
G0667
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-po-DOH-sees
Translations: you will give back, you will pay back, you will render, you will restore, you will repay
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to give back, pay back, or render. It implies a return or restitution of something, whether it be a payment, a reward, or a punishment. It can be used in contexts of fulfilling obligations, repaying debts, or delivering what is due.
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Future, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ἈΠΟΤΙΝΩ, ἈΝΤΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ
G2983
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-LAH-bon
Translations: I took, they took, I received, they received, I seized, they seized
Notes: This word is the aorist active indicative form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take', 'to receive', or 'to seize'. The ending '-ον' indicates that it can be either the first person singular ('I took/received/seized') or the third person plural ('they took/received/seized'). The aorist tense describes a simple, completed action in the past, without emphasis on its duration or repetition. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'they took the book' or 'I received the message'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΙΡΕΩ
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-GOH
Translations: I, me
Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative
Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE-nah
Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything
Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.
Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter
G0068
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ag-ROO
Translations: of a field, of the country, of land, of the field, of the country, of the land
Notes: This word refers to a field, cultivated land, or the open country outside of a city. It is often used to denote agricultural land or a rural area. In its genitive form, as seen here, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of a field' or 'from the country'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΓΗ
Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to Latin ager (field).
G0325
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-nah-khoh-RAY-sas
Translations: withdrawing, departing, going away, retiring, returning
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'anachōreō', meaning to withdraw, depart, or go away. It describes an action of moving away from a place or situation, often implying a retreat or a return to a previous location. It can be used to describe someone who has gone away, or who is in the process of withdrawing.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ἈΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΦΕΥΓΩ
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: meh-teh-GRAHP-sah-meen
Translations: I copied, I transcribed, I transferred, I rewrote
Notes: This word is the first person singular aorist middle indicative form of the verb μεταγράφω (metagrapho). It means 'I copied' or 'I transcribed'. It is a compound verb formed from the preposition μετά (meta, 'with, after, change') and the verb γράφω (grapho, 'to write'). The middle voice indicates that the action is performed by the subject for their own benefit or on themselves.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Middle, Indicative
Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙΓΡΑΦΩ, ΑΠΟΓΡΑΦΩ
Etymology: The verb μεταγράφω is a compound of μετά (meta), meaning 'with, after, change', and γράφω (grapho), meaning 'to write'. The combination implies a change in writing or writing from one form to another.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-ta
Translations: all, every, everything, all things
Notes: This word means 'all' or 'every'. In its plural neuter form, as seen here, it often translates to 'all things' or 'everything'. It is used to indicate totality or universality, referring to a complete set or collection of items or concepts.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G1121
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GRAM-mah
Translations: letter, a letter, writing, a writing, document, a document, scripture, a scripture
Notes: This word refers to a written character, a letter of the alphabet, or a piece of writing. It can also denote a written document, a legal record, or even sacred scriptures. It is used to refer to the literal written form of something, as opposed to its spirit or meaning.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΓΡΑΦΗ, ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ, ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΗ
Etymology: The word ΓΡΑΜΜΑ comes from the verb γράφω (graphō), meaning 'to write'. It refers to something that has been written.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OOKH
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle, meaning "not" or "no." It is used to negate statements of fact or reality. It is a variant of οὐ (ou) and οὐκ (ouk), specifically used before words that begin with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂u- (negative particle). It is related to other negative particles in various Indo-European languages.
G2147
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-RIS-kon
Translations: I was finding, I was discovering, I was perceiving, I was obtaining
Notes: This is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'εὑρίσκω' (heuriskō), meaning 'to find' or 'to discover'. The imperfect tense describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It can also indicate an attempt to do something in the past. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'He was finding the lost sheep' or 'They were discovering new lands'.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, First Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΥΡΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΑΝΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G4849
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: soo-LA-bas
Translations: syllables, a syllable
Notes: This word refers to a syllable, which is a unit of pronunciation having one vowel sound, with or without surrounding consonants, forming the whole or a part of a word. It is used in the context of writing or reading, referring to the individual parts of a word.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The word ΣΥΛΛΑΒΗ comes from the Greek verb συλλαμβάνω (syllambanō), meaning 'to take together' or 'to grasp together'. It refers to the 'taking together' of letters to form a sound unit.
G5055
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: teh-LEH-san-tos
Translations: of having completed, of having finished, of having accomplished, of having performed, of having fulfilled
Notes: This word is the genitive singular masculine or neuter form of the aorist active participle of the verb 'τελέω'. It describes an action that has been completed in the past. It is used to indicate the one who has completed an action, often translated with 'of' or 'belonging to' in English, or as a temporal clause like 'when he had completed' or 'after he had finished'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΚΤΕΛΕΣΑΝΤΟΣ, ΠΛΗΡΩΣΑΝΤΟΣ, ΠΕΡΑΝΕΝΤΟΣ
G1121
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GRAHM-mah-tah
Translations: letters, writings, documents, sacred writings, literature, learning
Notes: This word refers to written characters, letters of the alphabet, or more broadly, writings, documents, or even literature and learning. In some contexts, it can specifically refer to the sacred writings or scriptures. It is used to describe written communication or knowledge acquired through writing.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΑ, ΛΟΓΙΑ, ΓΡΑΦΑΙ
G0975
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bib-LI-dee-oo
Translations: of a little book, of a scroll, of a document, of a certificate
Notes: This word refers to the genitive singular form of 'βιβλίδιον' (biblidion), which is a diminutive of 'βιβλίον' (biblion). It means 'of a little book,' 'of a scroll,' 'of a document,' or 'of a certificate.' It is often used in contexts referring to a small written work, a legal document, or a bill of divorce.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΔΑΡΙΟΥ, ΒΙΒΛΙΟΥ
Etymology: The word 'βιβλίον' (biblion) comes from 'βύβλος' (byblos), referring to the papyrus plant, from which writing material was made. 'Βιβλίδιον' is a diminutive form, indicating something small.
G1810
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: eks-AIF-nees
Translations: suddenly, unexpectedly, at once
Notes: This word is an adverb that describes an action or event happening without warning or preparation. It indicates an abrupt and unforeseen occurrence, similar to how one might say 'all of a sudden' in English. It is used to emphasize the suddenness of something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑἸΦΝΙΔΙΩΣ, ἈΦΝΩ
Etymology: The word ἘΞΑΙΦΝΗΣ is an adverb formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek, 'out of') and the noun αἴφνης (aiphnes, 'suddenness'), which itself is related to ἄφνω (aphno, 'suddenly'). It conveys the sense of something emerging 'out of suddenness'.
G726
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: heer-PAH-gee
Translations: was snatched away, was seized, was caught up, was plundered
Notes: This word describes an action where something or someone was taken away suddenly and by force, often implying violence or a swift, decisive act. It is the third-person singular aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'harpazō', meaning 'to snatch' or 'to seize'. It indicates that the subject of the verb was the recipient of this forceful action.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΣΥΛΑΩ, ΔΙΑΡΠΑΖΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EK
Translations: out of, from, of
Notes: ἘΚ is a preposition meaning 'out of' or 'from,' indicating origin, source, or separation. It always governs the genitive case, meaning the noun or pronoun following it will be in the genitive form. It can also be used to express the cause or means by which something occurs.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΠΌ
Etymology: From a primary preposition, meaning 'out of' or 'from'. It is a fundamental word in Greek, indicating separation or origin.
G5495
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHEI-ross
Translations: of hand, of a hand, of the hand, of power, of authority, of control
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'χείρ' (cheir), meaning 'hand'. In Koine Greek, 'hand' can refer not only to the physical limb but also metaphorically to power, authority, control, or agency. When used in the genitive case, it often indicates possession, origin, or the agent by which something is done, thus translating to 'of hand' or 'by the hand of'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ
Etymology: The word 'χείρ' (cheir) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰesr-, meaning 'hand'. It is related to words for hand in other Indo-European languages.
G0976
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bib-LEE-dee-on
Translations: little book, a little book, scroll, a scroll, bill of divorce, a bill of divorce
Notes: This word is a diminutive form of 'ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ' (BIBLION), meaning 'book' or 'scroll'. Therefore, it refers to a 'little book' or a 'small scroll'. In some contexts, particularly in the New Testament, it is specifically used to refer to a 'bill of divorce' or a 'certificate of divorce'. It is used to denote a written document of smaller size or lesser significance than a full book.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ, ΓΡΑΜΜΑ
Etymology: The word ΒΙΒΛΙΔΙΟΝ is a diminutive of the Greek word ΒΙΒΛΙΟΝ (BIBLION), which itself comes from ΒΥΒΛΟΣ (BYBLOS), referring to papyrus, the material from which books and scrolls were made. This connection to papyrus highlights the ancient form of written documents.
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TI-nos
Translations: of someone, of something, of anyone, of anything, of a certain one, of a certain thing, of what, of whom, whose
Notes: ΤΙΝΟΣ is the genitive singular form of the indefinite or interrogative pronoun 'τις'. As an indefinite pronoun, it refers to an unspecified person or thing, often translated as 'someone' or 'something'. As an interrogative pronoun, it asks about the identity or nature of a person or thing, translated as 'whose' or 'of what'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΤΙΝΩΝ, ΤΙΝΙ, ΤΙΝΑ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.
G3708
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-don
Translations: I saw, I beheld, I perceived
Notes: This is the first person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'to see' or 'to perceive'. It describes a completed action of seeing or perceiving that occurred in the past. It is often used to indicate a direct observation or a profound understanding.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular
Synonyms: ΒΛΈΠΩ, ΘΕΆΟΜΑΙ, ΓΙΝΏΣΚΩ
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