Ignatius’ Letter to the Romans Chapter 10, Interlinear version from Ignatius of Antioch (Beta)

Ignatius’ Letter to the Romans, Chapter 10

Interlinear version from Ignatius of Antioch (Beta)

10:1
10:2

10:1

ΓΡΑΦΩ
- GRAPHŌ
- I-write
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ΥΜΙΝ
- YMIN
- to-you
ΤΑΥΤΑ
- TAUTA
- these-things
ἈΠΟ
- APO
- from
ΣΜΥΡΝΗΣ
- SMYRNĒS
- Smyrna
ΔΙ
- DI
- through
ἘΦΕΣΙΩΝ
- EPHESIŌN
- Ephesians
ΤΩΝ
- TŌN
- the
ἈΞΙΟΜΑΚΑΡΙΣΤΩΝ
- AXIOMAKARISTŌN
- most-blessed
ἘΣΤΙΝ
- ESTIN
- is
ΔΕ
- DE
- and
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- also
ΑΜΑ
- AMA
- together
ἘΜΟΙ
- EMOI
- with-me
ΣΥΝ
- SYN
- with
ΠΟΛΛΟΙΣ
- POLLOIS
- many
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΚΡΟΚΟΣ
- KROKOS
- Crocus
ΤΟ
- TO
- the
ΠΟΘΗΤΟΝ
- POTHĒTON
- desired
ΜΟΙ
- MOI
- to-me
ὈΝΟΜΑ
- ONOMA
- name

10:2

ΠΕΡΙ
- PERI
- about
ΤΩΝ
- TŌN
- of-the
ΠΡΟΕΛΘΟΝΤΩΝ
- PROELTHONTŌN
- having-gone-forth
ΜΕ
- ME
- me
ἈΠΟ
- APO
- from
ΣΥΡΙΑΣ
- SYRIAS
- Syria
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- to
ΡΩΜΗΝ
- RHŌMĒN
- Rome
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- to
ΔΟΞΑΝ
- DOXAN
- glory
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- of-the
ΘΕΟΥ
- THEOU
- God
ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ
- PISTEUŌ
- I-believe
ΥΜΑΣ
- YMAS
- you
ἘΠΕΓΝΩΚΕΝΑΙ
- EPEGNŌKENAI
- to-have-known
ΟΙΣ
- OIS
- to-whom
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΔΗΛΩΣΑΤΕ
- DĒLŌSATE
- make-known
ἘΓΓΥΣ
- EGGYS
- near
ΜΕ
- ME
- me
ὈΝΤΑ
- ONTA
- being
ΠΑΝΤΕΣ
- PANTES
- all
ΓΑΡ
- GAR
- for
ΕἸΣΙΝ
- EISIN
- are
ἈΞΙΟΙ
- AXIOI
- worthy
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- of-the
ΘΕΟΥ
- THEOU
- God
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΥΜΩΝ
- YMŌN
- of-you
ΟΥΣ
- OUS
- whom
ΠΡΕΠΟΝ
- PREPON
- fitting
ΥΜΙΝ
- YMIN
- to-you
ΤΑΥΤΑ
- TAUTA
- these-things
ΤΗ
- TĒ
- to-the
ΠΡΟ
- PRO
- before
ἘΝΝΕΑ
- ENNEA
- nine
ΚΑΛΑΝΔΩΝ
- KALANDŌN
- Kalends
ΣΕΠΤΕΜΒΡΙΩΝ
- SEPTEMBRIŌN
- of-September
ἘΡΡΩΣΘΕ
- ERHRŌSTHE
- farewell
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- to
ΤΕΛΟΣ
- TELOS
- end
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΥΠΟΜΟΝΗ
- YPOMONĒ
- endurance
ἸΗΣΟΥ
- IĒSOU
- of-Jesus
ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥ
- CHRISTOU
- of-Anointed-One

G1125

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: GRA-foh

Translations: I write, I draw, I record, I inscribe

Notes: This verb means 'to write' or 'to draw'. It is commonly used to describe the act of putting words or symbols onto a surface, such as paper or a tablet. It can also refer to the act of recording information or composing a text.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΡΑΦΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΩ, ΑΝΑΓΡΑΦΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *gerbh- 'to scratch, to carve'. In ancient Greek, it evolved to mean 'to scratch, to draw, to write'.

G1161

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G4667

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Noun

Sounds like: SMOOR-nays

Translations: of Smyrna, of myrrh

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'Smyrna' (a city) or 'myrrh' (a fragrant gum resin). It can refer to the city of Smyrna, an ancient Greek city in Anatolia, or to the aromatic substance myrrh, which was used for perfumes, incense, and embalming. Its meaning depends on the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'Smyrna' (the city) is of uncertain origin, possibly from an Anatolian language. The word 'myrrh' comes from a Semitic root, referring to its bitter taste.

G1223

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G0001

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ax-ee-oh-ma-ka-RIS-ton

Translations: of the most blessed, of the truly blessed, of the most happy, of the truly happy

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'most blessed' or 'truly happy'. It is a compound word formed from 'ἄξιος' (axios), meaning 'worthy' or 'deserving', and 'μακάριστος' (makaristos), meaning 'blessed' or 'happy'. It describes someone who is worthy of being called blessed or supremely happy. In this form, it is used to indicate possession or origin, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΑΚΑΡΙΟΣ, ΕΥΛΟΓΗΤΟΣ, ΟΛΒΙΟΣ

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G4862

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: soon

Translations: with, together with, along with

Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G4309

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: poh-thay-TON

Translations: desired, longed for, beloved, dear, a desired thing

Notes: This word describes something that is greatly desired or longed for. It can also mean beloved or dear, indicating something held in high affection. It is often used to describe a person or thing that is greatly missed or wished for.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΓΑΠΗΤΟΣ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΗΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ποθητός (pothetos) comes from the verb ποθέω (potheō), meaning 'to long for, to yearn for, to desire'.

G3686

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: O-no-MA

Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority

Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or even authority, as a name often represents the person or entity itself. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive; Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥. It is cognate with Latin nōmen and English name.

G4012

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G4281

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pro-el-THON-ton

Translations: of those who went forth, of those who came forward, of those who advanced, of those who preceded

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'προέρχομαι' (proerchomai), meaning 'to go forth,' 'to come forward,' 'to advance,' or 'to precede.' It describes an action of moving forward or appearing before others. In this genitive plural form, it refers to 'those who have gone forth' or 'those who have come forward' or 'those who have preceded'. It is often used to refer to people who have gone ahead in a journey or those who have come forward to speak or act.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΒΑΝΤΩΝ, ΠΡΟΧΩΡΗΣΑΝΤΩΝ

G1519

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G3588, G3778

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G1921

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ig-NOH-keh-nai

Translations: to know fully, to recognize, to understand, to learn, to ascertain

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning to know thoroughly or to recognize completely. It implies a deeper, more complete knowledge than simply 'to know'. It can be used to describe coming to a full understanding of something, recognizing someone, or learning something definitively. As an infinitive, it functions like 'to know' or 'to have known' in English.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ, ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ

G3739

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OYS

Translations: to whom, to which, to what

Notes: This word is a relative pronoun, meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what'. It is used to introduce a relative clause, connecting it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It indicates the indirect object of the verb in the relative clause, showing to whom or to what an action is directed. It can refer to people or things and is used for all genders.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ὉΠΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun and is a common form for relative pronouns across Indo-European languages.

G1213

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: day-LOH-sah-teh

Translations: make clear, show, declare, explain, reveal, make known

Notes: This word is an imperative form of the verb 'δηλόω' (dēloō), meaning 'to make clear' or 'to show'. It is used to command or request someone to reveal, explain, or make something known. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'Show me the way' or 'Declare your intentions'.

Inflection: Aorist Active Imperative, 2nd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΟΩ, ΔΕΙΓΝΥΜΙ, ΑΝΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: The verb δηλόω (dēloō) comes from the adjective δῆλος (dēlos), meaning 'clear' or 'evident'.

G1451

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective, Preposition

Sounds like: eng-GYS

Translations: near, close, at hand, nigh

Notes: This word indicates proximity, either in terms of physical distance (near, close) or temporal closeness (at hand, imminent). It is often used to describe something that is about to happen or is very close in time. It can function adverbially, modifying a verb, or adjectivally, describing a noun, and sometimes as a preposition taking the genitive case.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ, ΠΑΡΩΝ

Etymology: The etymology of ἘΓΓΥΣ is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the root for 'hand' or 'reach', suggesting something within reach.

G5607

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ON-tah

Translations: being, existing, things that are, beings, real things

Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It describes something that is or exists. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, indicating a state of being or existence. It can refer to 'those who are' or 'things that are', depending on the context and gender.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter Plural; or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural

Synonyms: ὙΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΑ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΑ

Etymology: The word εἰμί (eimi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es- meaning 'to be'. It is a fundamental verb in many Indo-European languages.

G1063

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Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G4241

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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: PREH-pon

Translations: fitting, proper, suitable, becoming, appropriate, as is fitting, as is proper

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'πρέπω' (prepo), meaning 'to be fitting' or 'to be proper'. It describes something that is suitable, appropriate, or becoming for a particular situation or person. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, describing how something is done. For example, it might describe an action that is done 'as is fitting' or 'properly'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΑΡΜΟΖΟΝ, ΚΑΘΗΚΟΝ, ΕΥΠΡΕΠΕΣ

Etymology: The word 'πρέπω' (prepo) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to words meaning 'to be conspicuous' or 'to stand out', which then developed the sense of 'to be fitting' or 'to be proper' because something that stands out in a good way is appropriate.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G4253

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PRO

Translations: before, in front of, for, on behalf of, in the presence of, prior to, instead of

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically takes the genitive case. It can indicate a spatial relationship, meaning 'before' or 'in front of' something or someone. It can also denote a temporal relationship, meaning 'before' in time, or a causal relationship, meaning 'for' or 'on behalf of' someone or something. In some contexts, it can also mean 'instead of' or 'in the presence of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'before, in front of'. It is cognate with English 'for' and Latin 'pro'.

G5056

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TEH-los

Translations: end, a goal, a purpose, an outcome, a completion, a tax, a custom, a duty

Notes: This word refers to an end, a goal, a purpose, or the completion of something. It can also refer to a tax or custom duty. It is often used to denote the conclusion of an event or process, or the ultimate aim or objective. In some contexts, it refers to the payment of tribute or taxes.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΑΣ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΙΑ, ΤΕΛΕΥΤΗ

Etymology: The word ΤΕΛΟΣ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to turn, to accomplish, to fulfill'. It is related to words signifying completion, fulfillment, and the end of a process.

G1722

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G5281

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hoo-po-mo-NEE

Translations: endurance, patience, perseverance, steadfastness, a patience, an endurance, a perseverance, a steadfastness

Notes: This word refers to the capacity to endure or bear up under difficult circumstances, often with a sense of steadfastness or patient waiting. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΥΠΟ (HYPO), meaning 'under', and the verb ΜΕΝΩ (MENO), meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide'. Thus, it literally means 'a remaining under' or 'a bearing up under'. It describes the quality of not giving in to adversity or suffering, but rather maintaining one's resolve and hope.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΡΤΕΡΙΑ, ΑΝΔΡΙΑ, ΜΑΚΡΟΘΥΜΙΑ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition ΥΠΟ (HYPO), meaning 'under', and the verb ΜΕΝΩ (MENO), meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide'. It describes the act of remaining steadfast under pressure or difficulty.

G5547

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: khri-STOO

Translations: of Christ, of the Anointed One, of the Messiah

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ' (Christos), meaning 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. It refers to the one chosen and consecrated by God, particularly Jesus. As a genitive case, 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥ' indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated as 'of Christ' or 'belonging to Christ'. It can be used to describe something that pertains to Christ or is from Christ.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ, ΕΚΛΕΚΤΟΣ

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