Ignatius’ Letter to the Romans Chapter 9, Interlinear version from Ignatius of Antioch (Beta)

Ignatius’ Letter to the Romans, Chapter 9

Interlinear version from Ignatius of Antioch (Beta)

9:1

ΜΝΗΜΟΝΕΥΕΤΕ
- MNĒMONEUETE
- remember
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΤΗ
- TĒ
- the
ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΗ
- PROSEUCHĒ
- prayer
ΥΜΩΝ
- YMŌN
- of-you
ΤΗΣ
- TĒS
- of-the
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΣΥΡΙΑ
- SYRIA
- Syria
ἘΚΚΛΗΣΙΑΣ
- EKKLĒSIAS
- congregation
ΗΤΙΣ
- ĒTIS
- which
ἈΝΤΙ
- ANTI
- instead-of
ἘΜΟΥ
- EMOU
- me
ΠΟΙΜΕΝΙ
- POIMENI
- shepherd
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ΘΕΩ
- THEŌ
- God
ΧΡΗΤΑΙ
- CHRĒTAI
- uses
ΜΟΝΟΣ
- MONOS
- alone
ΑΥ̓ΤΗΝ
- AUTĒN
- her
ἸΗΣΟΥΣ
- IĒSOUS
- Jesus
ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ
- CHRISTOS
- Anointed-One
ἘΠΙΣΚΟΠΗΣΕΙ
- EPISKOPĒSEI
- will-oversee
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
Η
- Ē
- the
ΥΜΩΝ
- YMŌN
- of-you
ἈΓΑΠΗ
- AGAPĒ
- love

9:2

ἘΓΩ
- EGŌ
- I
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ΑἸΣΧΥΝΟΜΑΙ
- AISCHYNOMAI
- am-ashamed
ἘΞ
- EX
- from
ΑΥ̓ΤΩΝ
- AUTŌN
- them
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ἘΚΤΡΩΜΑ
- EKTRŌMA
- [an] abortion
ἈΛΛ
- ALL
- but
ἨΛΕΗΜΑΙ
- ĒLEĒMAI
- I-have-been-shown-mercy
ΤΙΣ
- TIS
- to-be
ΕἸΝΑΙ
- EINAI
- one
ἘΑΝ
- EAN
- if
ΘΕΟΥ
- THEOU
- of-God
ἘΠΙΤΥΧΩ
- EPITYCHŌ
- I-obtain

9:3

ἈΣΠΑΖΕΤΑΙ
- ASPAZETAI
- greets
ΥΜΑΣ
- YMAS
- you
ΤΟ
- TO
- the
ἘΜΟΝ
- EMON
- my
ΠΝΕΥΜΑ
- PNEUMA
- breath
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
Η
- Ē
- the
ἈΓΑΠΗ
- AGAPĒ
- love
ΤΩΝ
- TŌN
- of-the
ἘΚΚΛΗΣΙΩΝ
- EKKLĒSIŌN
- congregations
ΤΩΝ
- TŌN
- of-the-ones
ΔΕΞΑΜΕΝΩΝ
- DEXAMENŌN
- having-received
ΜΕ
- ME
- me
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- into
ὈΝΟΜΑ
- ONOMA
- name
ἸΗΣΟΥ
- IĒSOU
- of-Jesus
ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥ
- CHRISTOU
- Anointed-One
ΟΥ̓Χ
- OUCH
- not
ΩΣ
- ŌS
- as
ΠΑΡΟΔΕΥΟΝΤΑ
- PARODEUONTA
- passing-through
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- for
ΓΑΡ
- GAR
- also
ΑΙ
- AI
- the
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ΠΡΟΣΗΚΟΥΣΑΙ
- PROSĒKOUSAI
- belonging
ΜΟΙ
- MOI
- to-me
ΤΗ
- TĒ
- to-the
ΟΔΩ
- ODŌ
- way
ΤΗ
- TĒ
- the
ΚΑΤΑ
- KATA
- according-to
ΣΑΡΚΑ
- SARKA
- flesh
ΚΑΤΑ
- KATA
- according-to
ΠΟΛΙΝ
- POLIN
- city
ΜΕ
- ME
- me
ΠΡΟΗΓΟΝ
- PROĒGON
- led-forward

G3421

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: mnee-moh-NEH-oo-eh-teh

Translations: remember, call to mind, be mindful of, make mention of

Notes: This verb means to remember, to call to mind, or to be mindful of something or someone. It implies an active process of recalling or keeping something in one's thoughts. It is often used in the imperative to command someone to remember.

Inflection: Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΜΙΜΝΗΣΚΩ, ΕΝΘΥΜΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From μνήμων (mnēmōn, 'mindful, remembering'), which comes from μνάομαι (mnaomai, 'to remember, to call to mind').

G1722

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G4335

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pros-YOO-khee

Translations: prayer, a prayer, supplication

Notes: This word refers to an act of prayer or supplication, a communication with God or a deity. It is commonly used to describe the act of worship or a specific request made in prayer. It can be used in contexts ranging from personal devotion to public worship.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΕΗΣΙΣ, ΕΥΧΗ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek προσεύχομαι (proseúkhomai, “to pray”), from πρός (prós, “to, toward”) + εὔχομαι (eúkhomai, “to pray, to wish”). It literally means 'a prayer directed towards'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G1577

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ek-klee-SEE-as

Translations: of church, of assembly, of congregation

Notes: This word refers to a gathering or assembly of people, often with a religious or political purpose. In the New Testament, it commonly refers to the Christian church or a local congregation of believers. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐκ' (out of) and 'καλέω' (to call), meaning 'a calling out' or 'an assembly of those called out'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩΓΗ, ΟΜΙΛΙΑ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἘΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ is derived from the Greek preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb καλέω (kaleō), meaning 'to call'. It originally referred to an assembly of citizens called out from their homes for public business.

G3748

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Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: HEE-tis

Translations: who, which, whoever, whichever, whatever

Notes: ΗΤΙΣ is a relative pronoun, used to introduce a clause that describes a preceding noun. It is a compound word formed from the definite article and the indefinite pronoun. It functions similarly to 'who' or 'which' in English, often providing additional information about a person or thing. It is used in a descriptive sense, often emphasizing the quality or characteristic of the antecedent.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the feminine definite article 'ἡ' (he) and the indefinite pronoun 'τις' (tis). It developed in Koine Greek to provide a more emphatic or descriptive relative pronoun than the simple 'ὅς' (hos).

G0473

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AN-tee

Translations: instead of, for, in place of, in return for, opposite to, in exchange for

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically takes the genitive case. It indicates substitution, exchange, or opposition. It can mean 'instead of' or 'in place of' something, 'for' or 'in return for' something, or 'opposite to' or 'against' something. It is used to show that one thing is given or done in the stead of another.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΝΤΙΠΕΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti, meaning 'face to face, opposite'. It is cognate with Latin ante ('before') and Sanskrit anti ('opposite, in front of').

G5530

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: KHRAY-tah-ee

Translations: uses, employs, deals with, treats

Notes: This word is a deponent verb, meaning it has a middle or passive form but an active meaning. It generally means 'to use,' 'to employ,' or 'to deal with' something or someone. It often takes an object in the dative case, indicating what is being used or how someone is being treated. For example, it can describe using a tool, employing a method, or treating a person in a certain way.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΧΡΗΣΙΜΕΥΩ, ἘΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΧΡΑΟΜΑΙ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to provide, to furnish.' It is related to words signifying 'need' or 'use.'

G3441

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: MOH-nos

Translations: only, alone, single, a single one

Notes: This word describes something as being unique, solitary, or singular. It emphasizes exclusivity, meaning 'one and no other'. It can be used to describe a person, object, or concept that stands by itself or is the sole instance of something. For example, it can refer to someone being 'alone' or 'the only one' of a kind.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular. This word inflects for gender, number, and case (e.g., feminine ΜΟΝΗ, neuter ΜΟΝΟΝ, plural ΜΟΝΟΙ).

Synonyms: ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ, ΕΙΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *mon- (to remain, stay). It is related to the idea of being fixed or standing alone.

G2424

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-ay-SOOS

Translations: Jesus, Joshua

Notes: This is a proper name, transliterated from the Hebrew name Yeshua or Yehoshua. It refers to the central figure of Christianity, Jesus Christ, or to Joshua, the successor of Moses in the Old Testament. It is used to identify a specific individual.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The Koine Greek name Ἰησοῦς (Iēsous) is a transliteration of the Hebrew name יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (Yehoshua), meaning 'Yahweh is salvation' or 'Yahweh saves'. It is also related to the shorter form יֵשׁוּעַ (Yeshua).

G5547

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Noun

Sounds like: khree-STOSS

Translations: Christ, Anointed One, Messiah, a Christ, an Anointed One

Notes: This word refers to the 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. In the New Testament, it is predominantly used as a title for Jesus, identifying him as the promised Messiah. It can also be used more generally to refer to anyone who has been anointed, such as a king or priest.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ

Etymology: From the Koine Greek verb χρίω (chriō), meaning 'to anoint'. The noun form refers to someone who has been anointed, typically for a special office or purpose.

G1980

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-is-ko-PEH-see

Translations: will visit, will look upon, will oversee, will inspect, will care for

Notes: This word describes the act of visiting, looking upon, overseeing, or inspecting. It implies a careful and purposeful observation, often with the intent to provide care, supervision, or judgment. It can be used in contexts ranging from a divine visitation to human oversight or inspection.

Inflection: Future, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΚΕΨΟΜΑΙ, ΕΦΟΡΑΣΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΕΩ is a compound word derived from the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the verb ΣΚΟΠΕΩ (skopeō), meaning 'to look' or 'to observe'. Thus, it literally means 'to look upon' or 'to look over'.

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G3588, G3739, G2228

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G0026

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-GAH-pay

Translations: love, a love, charity

Notes: This word refers to a deep, unconditional, and benevolent love, often used in a spiritual or divine sense. It is a selfless and sacrificial love, distinct from other forms of love like eros (romantic love) or philia (friendship love). It can be used to describe God's love for humanity, or the love that believers should have for God and for one another.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΦΙΛΙΑ, ΕΡΩΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be pre-Greek. It gained prominence in Koine Greek, particularly in the Septuagint and New Testament, where it was chosen to translate the Hebrew word 'ahavah' and to describe a specific kind of divine and selfless love.

G1473

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-GOH

Translations: I, me

Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.

G1161

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G0153

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ahee-SKHOO-noh-mahee

Translations: to be ashamed, to feel shame, to be put to shame

Notes: This verb means to experience shame or to be put to shame. It is a deponent verb, meaning it has a middle or passive form but an active meaning. It describes the feeling of disgrace or embarrassment, often in response to one's actions or circumstances.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Indicative, First Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΡΕΠΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΙΣΧΥΝΩ

Etymology: The word Αἰσχύνομαι (aischynomai) is derived from αἰσχύνω (aischynō), meaning 'to shame' or 'to disgrace'. It is related to αἶσχος (aischos), which means 'shame' or 'disgrace'.

G1624

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: EK-troh-ma

Translations: abortion, miscarriage, untimely birth, one born out of due time, a monster

Notes: This word refers to something born prematurely or unnaturally, such as a miscarriage, an aborted fetus, or a deformed birth. It can also be used metaphorically to describe someone who is considered an 'untimely birth' or an 'abortion' in a derogatory sense, implying they are inferior or not fully developed. For example, Paul uses it to describe himself in 1 Corinthians 15:8, implying he was the least of the apostles, as if born prematurely.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΜΒΛΩΜΑ, ΕΚΒΟΛΗ

Etymology: The word ἔκτρωμα (ektroma) is derived from the verb ἐκτιτρώσκω (ektitrosko), meaning 'to miscarry' or 'to abort'. It is formed from the prefix ἐκ- (ek-), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the root of τιτρώσκω (titrosko), meaning 'to wound' or 'to injure', implying something expelled or injured from the womb.

G0243

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Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G1653

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-LEH-eh-mai

Translations: I have been shown mercy, I have received mercy, I have been pitied

Notes: This word is the perfect passive indicative form of the verb 'eleeō', meaning 'to have mercy on' or 'to pity'. In this form, it indicates a state resulting from an action completed in the past, where the subject is the recipient of the mercy or pity. It describes someone who has experienced or received mercy.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative, 1st Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΤΕΙΡΩ, ΣΠΛΑΓΧΝΙΖΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἐλεέω (eleeō) comes from ἔλεος (eleos), meaning 'mercy' or 'pity'.

G5101

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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G1437

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-AHN

Translations: if, when, whenever, although

Notes: ἘΑΝ is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It typically takes the subjunctive mood, indicating a condition that is possible, probable, or hypothetical. It can be translated as 'if', 'when', or 'whenever', depending on the nuance of the condition, and sometimes 'although' in concessive clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ, ὍΤΑΝ

Etymology: ἘΑΝ is a contraction of the conditional particle εἰ (ei, 'if') and the modal particle ἄν (an), which adds a sense of contingency or possibility to the condition.

G2013

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-too-KHO

Translations: obtain, attain, succeed, hit the mark, reach, find

Notes: This verb means to obtain, attain, or succeed in something. It literally means 'to hit the mark' or 'to light upon'. It is often used with a genitive case to indicate the object that is obtained or reached. For example, one might 'obtain mercy' or 'succeed in a goal'.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present, Active, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ

Etymology: From the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb ΤΥΓΧΑΝΩ (tynchanō), meaning 'to happen' or 'to obtain by chance'. The compound verb thus means 'to light upon' or 'to obtain'.

G782

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: as-PAH-zeh-tai

Translations: he greets, she greets, it greets, he salutes, she salutes, it salutes, he embraces, she embraces, it embraces

Notes: This word means to greet, salute, or embrace. It is often used to convey a friendly or respectful salutation, similar to saying 'hello' or 'farewell' to someone. It can also imply a physical embrace or a warm welcome. In a sentence, it would typically be used to describe someone extending a greeting to another person or group.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G4151

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PNEV-mah

Translations: spirit, a spirit, wind, a wind, breath, a breath

Notes: This word refers to 'spirit,' 'wind,' or 'breath.' In a physical sense, it can mean a gust of wind or the act of breathing. Theologically, it often refers to the Holy Spirit, a spiritual being, or the human spirit. It is a neuter noun and its meaning can vary depending on the context, from a literal breeze to a divine essence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΝΕΜΟΣ, ΠΝΟΗ

Etymology: The word ΠΝΕΥΜΑ derives from the verb πνέω (pneō), meaning 'to breathe,' 'to blow,' or 'to gasp.' It refers to something that is breathed or blown.

G1209

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: deh-xah-MEH-non

Translations: of those who received, of those who welcomed, of those who accepted, of those who took, of those who entertained

Notes: This word is an aorist middle participle, meaning 'having received' or 'having welcomed'. It describes an action completed in the past by the subject, with the subject being the one who performs the action and also experiences the result (middle voice). It is used to refer to a group of people who performed the action of receiving or welcoming.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΝΤΩΝ, ΥΠΟΔΕΞΑΜΕΝΩΝ

G1519

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G3686

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: O-no-MA

Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority

Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or even authority, as a name often represents the person or entity itself. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive; Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥. It is cognate with Latin nōmen and English name.

G5547

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: khri-STOO

Translations: of Christ, of the Anointed One, of the Messiah

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ' (Christos), meaning 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. It refers to the one chosen and consecrated by God, particularly Jesus. As a genitive case, 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥ' indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated as 'of Christ' or 'belonging to Christ'. It can be used to describe something that pertains to Christ or is from Christ.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ, ΕΚΛΕΚΤΟΣ

G5613

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G3928

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pah-roh-DEH-oo-on-tah

Translations: passing by, traveling through, going past

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'παροδεύω', meaning 'to pass by' or 'to travel through'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of going past or moving through a place. It is a compound word formed from 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and 'ὁδεύω' (hodeuō), meaning 'to travel' or 'to journey'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΙΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

G1063

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Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral

Sounds like: AI

Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11

Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)

Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.

G3361

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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G3598

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: oh-DOH

Translations: to a way, to a road, to a journey, to a path, to a course, to a manner, to a way of life, to a custom, to a means, to a method, to a direction, to a journey, to a travel, to a passage, to a street, to a highway, to a route, to a track, to a trail

Notes: This word refers to a way, road, or path, and can also metaphorically mean a journey, course of action, or manner of life. It is used to indicate movement along a physical route or to describe a particular custom or method. In this dative form, it often indicates the recipient or direction of an action, or the means by which something is done.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΡΙΒΟΣ, ΚΕΛΕΥΘΟΣ, ΠΟΡΕΙΑ

G2596

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G4172

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lin

Translations: city, a city

Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.

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