Ignatius’ Letter to the Romans Chapter 3, Interlinear version from Ignatius of Antioch (Beta)

Ignatius’ Letter to the Romans, Chapter 3

Interlinear version from Ignatius of Antioch (Beta)

3:1

ΟΥ̓ΔΕΠΟΤΕ
- OUDEPOTE
- never
ἘΒΑΣΚΑΝΑΤΕ
- EBASKANATE
- you-envied
ΟΥ̓ΔΕΝΙ
- OUDENI
- no-one
ἈΛΛΟΥΣ
- ALLOUS
- others
ἘΔΙΔΑΞΑΤΕ
- EDIDAXATE
- you-taught
ἘΓΩ
- EGŌ
- I
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ΘΕΛΩ
- THELŌ
- I-want
ΙΝΑ
- INA
- that
ΚἈΚΕΙΝΑ
- KAKEINA
- also-those-things
ΒΕΒΑΙΑ
- BEBAIA
- firm
Ἠ
- Ē
- be
Α
- A
- (?)
ΜΑΘΗΤΕΥΟΝΤΕΣ
- MATHĒTEUONTES
- making-disciples
ἘΝΤΕΛΛΕΣΘΕ
- ENTELLESTHE
- you-command

3:2

ΜΟΝΟΝ
- MONON
- only
ΜΟΙ
- MOI
- to-me
ΔΥΝΑΜΙΝ
- DYNAMIN
- power
ΑἸΤΕΙΣΘΕ
- AITEISTHE
- ask-for
ἘΣΩΘΕΝ
- ESŌTHEN
- from-within
ΤΕ
- TE
- and
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ἘΣΩΘΕΝ
- ESŌTHEN
- from-within
ΤΕ
- TE
- and
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ἘΞΩΘΕΝ
- EXŌTHEN
- from-outside
ΙΝΑ
- INA
- so-that
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ΜΟΝΟΝ
- MONON
- only
ΛΕΓΩ
- LEGŌ
- I-say
ἈΛΛΑ
- ALLA
- but
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- also
ΘΕΛΩ
- THELŌ
- I-want
ΙΝΑ
- INA
- so-that
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ΜΟΝΟΝ
- MONON
- only
ΛΕΓΩΜΑΙ
- LEGŌMAI
- I-am-called
ΧΡΙΣΤΙΑΝΟΣ
- CHRISTIANOS
- Christian
ἈΛΛΑ
- ALLA
- but
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- also
ΕΥΡΕΘΩ
- EURETHŌ
- I-am-found
ἘΑΝ
- EAN
- if
ΓΑΡ
- GAR
- for
ΕΥΡΕΘΩ
- EURETHŌ
- I-am-found
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- also
ΛΕΓΕΣΘΑΙ
- LEGESTHAI
- to-be-called
ΔΥΝΑΜΑΙ
- DYNAMAI
- I-am-able
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΤΟΤΕ
- TOTE
- then
ΠΙΣΤΟΣ
- PISTOS
- faithful
ΕἸΝΑΙ
- EINAI
- to-be
ΟΤΑΝ
- OTAN
- when
ΚΟΣΜΩ
- KOSMŌ
- to-the-world
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ΦΑΙΝΩΜΑΙ
- PHAINŌMAI
- I-appear

3:3

ΟΥ̓ΔΕΝ
- OUDEN
- nothing
ΦΑΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ
- PHAINOMENON
- appearing
ΚΑΛΟΝ
- KALON
- good
Ο
- O
- the
ΓΑΡ
- GAR
- for
ΘΕΟΣ
- THEOS
- God
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- of-us
ἸΗΣΟΥΣ
- IĒSOUS
- Jesus
ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ
- CHRISTOS
- Anointed-One
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΠΑΤΡΙ
- PATRI
- Father
ὨΝ
- ŌN
- being
ΜΑΛΛΟΝ
- MALLON
- rather
ΦΑΙΝΕΤΑΙ
- PHAINETAI
- appears
ΟΥ̓
- OU
- not
ΠΕΡΣΜΟΝΗΣ
- PERSMONĒS
- of-persuasion
ΤΟ
- TO
- the
ἘΡΓΟΝ
- ERGON
- work
ἈΛΛΑ
- ALLA
- but
ΜΕΓΕΘΟΥΣ
- MEGETHOUS
- of-greatness
ἘΣΤΙΝ
- ESTIN
- is
Ο
- O
- the
ΧΡΙΣΤΙΑΝΙΣΜΟΣ
- CHRISTIANISMOS
- Christianity
ΟΤΑΝ
- OTAN
- when
ΜΙΣΗΤΑΙ
- MISĒTAI
- it-is-hated
ΥΠΟ
- YPO
- by
ΚΟΣΜΟΥ
- KOSMOU
- world

G3763

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: oo-deh-POH-teh

Translations: never, at no time

Notes: This word is a compound adverb meaning 'never' or 'at no time'. It is formed from the negative particle οὐδέ (oude), meaning 'not even' or 'nor', and the indefinite adverb ποτέ (pote), meaning 'at some time' or 'ever'. When combined, they create a strong negation, indicating that something has not happened or will not happen at any point in time. It is used to express absolute negation of an action or state.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕΠΩ, ΟΥ̓ΔΑΜΩΣ

G3762

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: oo-DEH-nee

Translations: to no one, to nothing, for no one, for nothing, by no means, in no way

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective 'οὐδείς' (oudeis), meaning 'no one' or 'nothing'. In this dative case, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to no one' or 'to nothing'. It can also function adverbially, meaning 'by no means' or 'in no way', emphasizing the complete absence or negation of something.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΗΔΕΝΙ, ΟΥ̓ΔΑΜΩΣ

G1473

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-GOH

Translations: I, me

Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.

G1161

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G2309

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: THEH-loh

Translations: to wish, to want, to desire, to will, to intend, to be willing

Notes: This verb expresses a desire, intention, or willingness to do something. It can be used to indicate a strong personal wish or a divine will. It often takes an infinitive to complete its meaning, indicating what is wished or willed.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *gʷhelh₁- (to want, wish). It is related to the English word 'will' (as in 'free will').

G2443

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EE-nah

Translations: in order that, that, so that, to

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.

G2228, G3588

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix

Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)

Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-

Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).

Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.

Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.

G1781

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: en-TEL-less-theh

Translations: command, order, charge, instruct

Notes: This word means to command, order, or give instructions. It implies a directive or a charge given to someone. It is often used in contexts where a superior gives an order to a subordinate, or where a divine command is issued. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἐν' (in) and 'τέλλω' (to accomplish, to bring to an end).

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Imperative, Second Person Plural

Synonyms: ΚΕΛΕΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ, ΕΠΙΤΑΤΤΩ

G3440

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: MO-non

Translations: only, alone, merely, a single, a solitary

Notes: This word can function as an adverb meaning 'only' or 'merely', indicating exclusivity or limitation. It can also be the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ΜΟΝΟΣ', meaning 'alone' or 'solitary', describing something as being by itself or unique. In its adverbial use, it often modifies verbs or clauses to emphasize that something is done exclusively or that a condition applies solely to one thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΜΟΝΩΣ, ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ

G0154

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ai-TEI-sthe

Translations: you ask, you demand, you request, you beg, you ask for yourselves, you demand for yourselves, you request for yourselves, you beg for yourselves

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to ask, demand, or request. It is often used in the context of making a request or petition to someone, or demanding something. The form provided is in the second person plural, indicating 'you all' or 'you (plural)' are performing the action. It can be either an indicative mood (stating a fact, 'you are asking') or an imperative mood (giving a command, 'ask!'). It is also in the middle voice, which implies the action is done by the subject for their own benefit, or the passive voice, where the subject is being asked.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Second Person, Plural, Indicative or Imperative Mood

Synonyms: ΕΡΩΤΑΩ, ΖΗΤΕΩ, ΔΕΟΜΑΙ

G5037

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G3361

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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G3004

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: LEH-goh

Translations: say, speak, tell, call, mean

Notes: This is a very common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to introduce direct or indirect speech, to give commands, or to express an opinion. It can also mean 'to call' or 'to name' someone or something, or 'to mean' something.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΕΡΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *leg- meaning 'to collect, gather'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to pick out words', hence 'to speak' or 'to say'.

G0235

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G5546

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: khris-tee-ah-NOS

Translations: Christian, a Christian

Notes: This word refers to a follower of Christ, or someone who belongs to Christ. It is used to identify individuals who adhere to the teachings and person of Jesus Christ. It functions as a descriptive term for a believer.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΑΘΗΤΗΣ, ΠΙΣΤΟΣ, ΑΓΙΟΣ

Etymology: This word is derived from the Greek word Χριστός (Christos), meaning 'Christ' or 'Anointed One', with the addition of the Latin suffix -ianus, which denotes belonging or adherence. Thus, it literally means 'one belonging to Christ'.

G1437

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-AHN

Translations: if, when, whenever, although

Notes: ἘΑΝ is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It typically takes the subjunctive mood, indicating a condition that is possible, probable, or hypothetical. It can be translated as 'if', 'when', or 'whenever', depending on the nuance of the condition, and sometimes 'although' in concessive clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ, ὍΤΑΝ

Etymology: ἘΑΝ is a contraction of the conditional particle εἰ (ei, 'if') and the modal particle ἄν (an), which adds a sense of contingency or possibility to the condition.

G1063

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Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G3004

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: leh-GEH-sthai

Translations: to be said, to be spoken, to be called, to be told

Notes: This word is the present passive infinitive form of the verb 'λέγω' (legō), which means 'to say' or 'to speak'. Therefore, 'λέγεσθαι' means 'to be said' or 'to be spoken'. It can also mean 'to be called' or 'to be named' in certain contexts. It is used to express an action that is being done to the subject, rather than by the subject, and functions as a verbal noun.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΙΠΕΙΝ, ΦΑΝΑΙ, ΛΑΛΕΙΝ

G1410

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: DOO-na-mahee

Translations: I am able, I can, I have power, I am strong enough

Notes: This verb means 'to be able', 'to have power', or 'to be strong enough'. It is often used to express capability or possibility, indicating that someone has the capacity or permission to do something. It can be followed by an infinitive to show what one is able to do.

Inflection: First person singular, Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΩ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΩ

Etymology: From δύναμις (dynamis), meaning 'power' or 'ability'. It is related to the concept of inherent strength or capacity.

G5119

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TOH-teh

Translations: then, at that time, at that moment, thereupon, therefore

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that time'. It is used to indicate a point in time, often referring to a past or future event that follows another. It can also be used to introduce a consequence or result, similar to 'therefore' or 'in that case'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΤΕ is a primary adverb, meaning it is not derived from another word in Greek. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'το' (this/that).

G4103

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: PIS-tos

Translations: faithful, trustworthy, believing, true, a faithful one

Notes: This word describes someone or something that is reliable, dependable, and worthy of trust. It can refer to a person who is faithful in their commitments or beliefs, or to God who is true to His promises. When used as a noun, it refers to a 'faithful one' or 'believer'. It is often used to describe someone who has faith or is a follower of a particular belief.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΙΝΟΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ, ΕΥΣΕΒΗΣ

Etymology: From the verb 'πείθω' (peithō), meaning 'to persuade' or 'to trust'. It relates to the concept of being persuaded or having trust, thus leading to the meaning of being trustworthy or faithful.

G3752

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OH-tan

Translations: when, whenever, as often as, at the time that

Notes: This word is a conjunction or adverb used to introduce a temporal clause, indicating a point in time or a condition. It means 'when' or 'whenever,' suggesting that something happens at a specific moment or repeatedly under certain circumstances. It is often followed by the subjunctive mood in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΤΕ, ΗΝΙΚΑ

Etymology: From the conjunction ὅτε (hote, 'when') and the particle ἄν (an, indicating potential or contingency).

G2889

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOH-smoh

Translations: to the world, for the world, to an adornment, for an adornment, to an order, for an order

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun 'κόσμος' (kosmos). It refers to an orderly arrangement, an adornment, or the world itself, often implying the created universe or humanity. In its dative form, it typically indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to' or 'for' the world, order, or adornment, depending on the context. It can also be used to indicate location or instrument.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΥΜΕΝΗ, ΑΙΩΝ

Etymology: The word 'κόσμος' (kosmos) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be related to the verb 'κοσμέω' (kosmeō), meaning 'to arrange, to order, to adorn'. It originally referred to order or arrangement, particularly in military or governmental contexts, and later came to mean 'adornment' or 'decoration'. From there, it evolved to describe the ordered universe, and by extension, the world.

G5316

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: fah-EE-noh-my

Translations: I appear, I seem, I am seen, I shine, I am made manifest

Notes: This word is the middle or passive voice of the verb 'ΦΑΙΝΩ' (phainō), meaning 'to shine' or 'to show'. In the middle voice, it means 'to appear' or 'to seem', indicating that something presents itself to view or gives an impression. In the passive voice, it means 'to be seen' or 'to be made manifest'. It is used to describe something becoming visible or evident.

Inflection: 1st Person, Singular, Present Tense, Middle/Passive Voice, Indicative Mood

Synonyms: ΔΟΚΕΩ, ΕΜΦΑΝΙΖΩ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G2316

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THEH-os

Translations: God, a God, Lord

Notes: ΘΕΟΣ (theos) is a singular noun meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, it is frequently used to refer to the singular, supreme God, often with the definite article. It can also refer to a generic deity or even a human figure considered divine. It functions as a subject or object in sentences, depending on its case.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΠΑΤΗΡ

Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root, though its precise origin is debated. It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.

G2424

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ee-ay-SOOS

Translations: Jesus, Joshua

Notes: This is a proper name, transliterated from the Hebrew name Yeshua or Yehoshua. It refers to the central figure of Christianity, Jesus Christ, or to Joshua, the successor of Moses in the Old Testament. It is used to identify a specific individual.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The Koine Greek name Ἰησοῦς (Iēsous) is a transliteration of the Hebrew name יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (Yehoshua), meaning 'Yahweh is salvation' or 'Yahweh saves'. It is also related to the shorter form יֵשׁוּעַ (Yeshua).

G5547

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Noun

Sounds like: khree-STOSS

Translations: Christ, Anointed One, Messiah, a Christ, an Anointed One

Notes: This word refers to the 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. In the New Testament, it is predominantly used as a title for Jesus, identifying him as the promised Messiah. It can also be used more generally to refer to anyone who has been anointed, such as a king or priest.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ

Etymology: From the Koine Greek verb χρίω (chriō), meaning 'to anoint'. The noun form refers to someone who has been anointed, typically for a special office or purpose.

G1722

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G3123

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MAHL-lon

Translations: more, rather, much more, especially

Notes: This word is a comparative adverb meaning 'more' or 'rather'. It is used to indicate a preference, a greater degree, or an intensification of something. It often appears in contexts where a comparison is being made, suggesting that one thing is true to a greater extent than another, or that one action is preferred over another. For example, it can mean 'more' in terms of quantity or intensity, or 'rather' when expressing a choice or preference.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΛΕΟΝ, ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ

Etymology: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ is a comparative adverb derived from an obsolete positive form related to the concept of 'much' or 'very'. It functions as the comparative degree of this implied positive.

G5316

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: fah-EE-neh-tai

Translations: appears, seems, is seen, is evident

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to appear' or 'to seem'. It is often used impersonally, meaning 'it appears' or 'it seems that...'. It can also mean 'to be seen' or 'to become visible'. It describes something that becomes evident or manifest.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΟΚΕΩ, ΟΡΑΩ, ΕΚΦΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ΦΑΙΝΩ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂- meaning 'to shine'. It is related to words signifying light, appearance, and manifestation.

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: per-smo-NAYS

Translations: of persuasion, of convincing, of convincing power

Notes: This word is a noun referring to the act or power of persuasion or convincing. It describes the ability to influence someone's beliefs or actions through argument or appeal. It is used in contexts where the effectiveness of a message or argument is being discussed.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: This word is a compound of the Greek preposition 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the root of 'μένω' (menō), meaning 'to remain' or 'to stay'. The combination suggests a lingering or staying influence, leading to the meaning of persuasion or conviction.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G2041

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ER-gon

Translations: work, a work, deed, act, task, business

Notes: This word refers to a work, deed, or action. It can describe anything that is done, whether it's a physical labor, a moral act, or a task to be accomplished. It is often used to denote the result of an action or the activity itself.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΙΣ, ΔΟΥΛΕΙΑ, ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'ergon' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *werǵ-, meaning 'to do' or 'to work'. It is related to English words like 'work' and 'energy'.

G5548

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: khris-tee-ah-nis-MOS

Translations: Christianity, a Christianity

Notes: This word refers to the Christian religion or the system of Christian beliefs and practices. It describes the faith and way of life associated with followers of Christ. It is used to denote the collective body of Christian doctrine and community.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: From Χριστιανός (Christianos, 'Christian') + -ισμός (-ismos, 'ism'). It literally means 'Christian-ism', referring to the system or belief of Christians.

G3404

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: mee-SEE-tai

Translations: to be hated, it is hated

Notes: This word is a verb form indicating that something is hated or has been hated. It is the perfect passive indicative, third person singular, meaning 'it has been hated' or 'it is hated' (with a perfect sense of a completed action and resulting state). It can also be the perfect passive subjunctive, third person singular, meaning 'may it be hated' or 'let it be hated'. In the provided examples, it appears to be used in the indicative sense.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative or Subjunctive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΧΘΑΙΡΩ, ΑΠΟΔΟΚΙΜΑΖΩ

G5259

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G2889

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOS-moo

Translations: (of) world, (of) universe, (of) adornment, (of) order, (of) a world, (of) an adornment

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΚΟΣΜΟΣ' (kosmos). It refers to the world, the universe, or the created order. It can also mean an adornment, decoration, or arrangement. In a sentence, it often indicates possession or origin, such as 'of the world' or 'belonging to the world'.

Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΥΜΕΝΗΣ, ΑΙΩΝΟΣ, ΚΟΣΜΗΜΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΚΟΣΜΟΣ' comes from the Greek verb 'κοσμέω' (kosmeō), meaning 'to arrange' or 'to put in order'. From this, it developed the sense of an orderly arrangement, then an adornment, and finally the ordered universe or world.

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