Ignatius’ Letter to the Romans Chapter 2, Interlinear version from Ignatius of Antioch (Beta)

Ignatius’ Letter to the Romans, Chapter 2

Interlinear version from Ignatius of Antioch (Beta)

2:1

ΟΥ̓
- OU
- not
ΓΑΡ
- GAR
- for
ΘΕΛΩ
- THELŌ
- I-wish
ΥΜΑΣ
- YMAS
- you
ἈΝΘΡΩΠΑΡΕΣΚΗΣΑΙ
- ANTHRŌPARESKĒSAI
- to-please-men
ἈΛΛΑ
- ALLA
- but
ΘΕΩ
- THEŌ
- to-God
ἈΡΕΣΑΙ
- ARESAI
- to-please
ΩΣΠΕΡ
- ŌSPER
- just-as
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- also
ἈΡΕΚΕΤΕ
- AREKETE
- you-please
ΟΥ̓ΤΕ
- OUTE
- neither
ΓΑΡ
- GAR
- for
ἘΓΩ
- EGŌ
- I
ΠΟΤΕ
- POTE
- ever
ΕΞΩ
- EXŌ
- outside
ΚΑΙΡΟΝ
- KAIRON
- time
ΤΟΙΟΥΤΟΝ
- TOIOUTON
- such
ΘΕΟΥ
- THEOU
- of-God
ἘΠΙΤΥΧΕΙΝ
- EPITYCHEIN
- to-obtain
ΟΥ̓ΤΕ
- OUTE
- nor
ΥΜΕΙΣ
- YMEIS
- you
ἘΑΝ
- EAN
- if
ΣΙΩΠΗΣΗΤΕ
- SIŌPĒSĒTE
- you-are-silent
ΚΡΕΙΤΤΟΝΙ
- KREITTONI
- better
ἘΡΓΩ
- ERGŌ
- work
ἘΧΕΤΕ
- ECHETE
- you-have
ἘΠΙΓΡΑΦΗΝΑΙ
- EPIGRAPHĒNAI
- to-be-inscribed
ἘΑΝ
- EAN
- if
ΓΑΡ
- GAR
- for
ΣΙΩΠΗΣΗΤΕ
- SIŌPĒSĒTE
- you-are-silent
ἈΠ
- AP
- from
ἘΜΟΥ
- EMOU
- me
ἘΓΩ
- EGŌ
- I
ΛΟΓΟΣ
- LOGOS
- word
ΘΕΟΥ
- THEOU
- of-God
ἘΑΝ
- EAN
- if
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ἘΡΑΣΘΗΤΕ
- ERASTHĒTE
- you-love
ΤΗΣ
- TĒS
- of-the
ΣΑΡΚΟΣ
- SARKOS
- flesh
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- of-me
ΠΑΛΙΝ
- PALIN
- again
ἘΣΟΜΑΙ
- ESOMAI
- I-will-be
ΦΩΝΗ
- PHŌNĒ
- voice

2:2

ΠΛΕΟΝ
- PLEON
- more
ΜΟΙ
- MOI
- to-me
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ΠΑΡΑΣΨΗΣΘΕ
- PARASPSĒSTHE
- you-should-draw-away
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- of-the
ΣΠΟΝΔΙΣΘΗΝΑΙ
- SPONDISTHĒNAI
- to-be-poured-out
ΘΕΩ
- THEŌ
- to-God
ΩΣ
- ŌS
- as
ἘΤΙ
- ETI
- still
ΘΥΣΙΑΣΤΗΡΙΟΝ
- THYSIASTĒRION
- altar
ΕΤΟΙΜΟΝ
- ETOIMON
- ready
ἘΣΤΙΝ
- ESTIN
- is
ΙΝΑ
- INA
- so-that
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ἈΓΑΠΗ
- AGAPĒ
- love
ΧΟΡΟΣ
- CHOROS
- a-chorus
ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΙ
- GENOMENOI
- having-become
ἈΣΗΤΕ
- ASĒTE
- you-may-sing
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ΠΑΤΡΙ
- PATRI
- Father
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΧΡΙΣΤΩ
- CHRISTŌ
- Anointed-One
ἸΗΣΟΥ
- IĒSOU
- Jesus
ΟΤΙ
- OTI
- because
ΤΟΝ
- TON
- the
ἘΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΝ
- EPISKOPON
- overseer
ΣΥΡΙΑΣ
- SYRIAS
- of-Syria
Ο
- O
- the
ΘΕΟΣ
- THEOS
- God
ΚΑΤΗΞΙΩΣΕΝ
- KATĒXIŌSEN
- deemed-worthy
ΕΥΡΕΘΗΝΑΙ
- EURETHĒNAI
- to-be-found
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- to
ΔΥΣΙΝ
- DYSIN
- west
ἈΠΟ
- APO
- from
ἈΝΑΤΟΛΗΣ
- ANATOLĒS
- east
ΜΕΤΑΠΕΜΨΑΜΕΝΟΣ
- METAPEMPSAMENOS
- having-sent-for
ΚΑΛΟΝ
- KALON
- good
ΤΟ
- TO
- the
ΔΥΝΑΙ
- DYNAI
- to-be-able
ἈΠΟ
- APO
- from
ΚΟΣΜΟΥ
- KOSMOU
- world
ΠΡΟΣ
- PROS
- to
ΘΕΟΝ
- THEON
- God
ΙΝΑ
- INA
- so-that
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- to
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΝ
- AUTON
- him
ἈΝΑΤΕΙΛΩ
- ANATEILŌ
- I-may-rise

G1063

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Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G2309

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: THEH-loh

Translations: to wish, to want, to desire, to will, to intend, to be willing

Notes: This verb expresses a desire, intention, or willingness to do something. It can be used to indicate a strong personal wish or a divine will. It often takes an infinitive to complete its meaning, indicating what is wished or willed.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *gʷhelh₁- (to want, wish). It is related to the English word 'will' (as in 'free will').

G0235

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G5618

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OH-sper

Translations: just as, as, even as, like, in the same way as

Notes: This word functions as a comparative adverb or conjunction, meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a clause that draws a comparison or analogy, indicating that something is happening or is true in the same manner or degree as something else. It emphasizes the similarity between two things or actions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs, "as") and the particle περ (per, "indeed, very"), emphasizing the comparison.

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G0700

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-REH-keh-teh

Translations: you please, you are pleasing

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'ἀρέσκω' (areskō), meaning 'to please' or 'to be pleasing'. It describes the act of giving satisfaction or being agreeable to someone. It is often used to indicate that one's actions or character are acceptable or pleasing to another, whether a person or God.

Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΕΥΑΡΕΣΤΕΩ, ΙΚΑΝΟΩ

Etymology: The word ἀρέσκω (areskō) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be related to the concept of fitness or suitability.

G1473

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-GOH

Translations: I, me

Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.

G4218

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: PO-teh

Translations: at some time, ever, once, formerly, when, at any time, sometime

Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates a point in time, often indefinite. It can mean 'at some time' or 'ever,' referring to an unspecified past or future moment. It can also mean 'once' or 'formerly' when referring to a past event. In interrogative contexts, it means 'when?'. It is used to ask about or state the timing of an action or event.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΟΤΕΡΟΝ, ΠΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the interrogative stem *po- (related to 'who,' 'what') combined with the temporal suffix -te. It refers to an indefinite point in time.

G2540

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kai-RON

Translations: time, a time, season, a season, opportune time, a opportune time, proper time, a proper time

Notes: This word refers to a specific, appointed, or opportune time, a critical moment, or a season, rather than general chronological time (which is 'χρόνος'). It often implies a qualitative aspect of time, emphasizing the right or fitting moment for something. In the provided examples, it is used in the accusative case, indicating the object of an action or a duration.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΟΣ, ΩΡΑ, ΕΠΟΧΗ

Etymology: The etymology of 'καιρός' is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the idea of 'fitting' or 'proper'.

G5108

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: toy-OO-ton

Translations: such, such a, of such a kind, such a one, such a thing

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'such' or 'of such a kind'. It is used to describe something that is of a particular nature, quality, or degree, often referring back to something previously mentioned or implied. It can be used to emphasize the quality of a person or thing.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΤΟΙΟΣΔΕ, ΤΟΣΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΤΟΙΟΣ (toios, "such") and the enclitic particle -ΟΥΤΟΣ (-outos, "this").

G2013

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-too-KHEIN

Translations: to obtain, to attain, to succeed, to achieve, to hit upon, to find

Notes: This word means to hit upon, to obtain, to attain, or to succeed in something. It implies reaching a desired outcome or finding something sought after. It is often used with a genitive case to indicate what is being obtained or achieved.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'on', and the verb τυγχάνω (tynchanō), meaning 'to happen', 'to meet with', or 'to obtain by chance'. Thus, it literally means 'to happen upon' or 'to meet with' something, leading to the sense of obtaining or succeeding.

G1437

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-AHN

Translations: if, when, whenever, although

Notes: ἘΑΝ is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It typically takes the subjunctive mood, indicating a condition that is possible, probable, or hypothetical. It can be translated as 'if', 'when', or 'whenever', depending on the nuance of the condition, and sometimes 'although' in concessive clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ, ὍΤΑΝ

Etymology: ἘΑΝ is a contraction of the conditional particle εἰ (ei, 'if') and the modal particle ἄν (an), which adds a sense of contingency or possibility to the condition.

G2038

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ER-goh

Translations: to work, to do, to perform, to labor, to accomplish, to trade

Notes: This verb means to work, to do, or to perform an action. It can refer to physical labor, mental effort, or the execution of a task. It is often used to describe the act of engaging in an activity or bringing something about. For example, one might 'work' a field, 'do' a deed, or 'perform' a miracle.

Inflection: First Person Singular, Present Active Indicative; or Imperative, Present Active, Second Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΔΡΑΩ

Etymology: The word ἘΡΓΩ (ergō) is related to the noun ἔργον (ergon), meaning 'work' or 'deed'. It comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to do' or 'to act'.

G1945

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ee-grah-FEE-nai

Translations: to be inscribed, to be written upon, to be enrolled, to be registered, to be titled, to be named

Notes: This word means 'to be inscribed' or 'to be written upon'. It is often used in the context of writing on a surface, such as a monument, coin, or document. It can also refer to being enrolled or registered in a list, or having a title or name assigned. As a passive infinitive, it indicates the action of being inscribed or registered, rather than performing the action oneself.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΡΑΦΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΩ, ΑΝΑΓΡΑΦΩ

G0575

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: AP

Translations: from, away from, of, by, with, after, since

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), which means 'from' or 'away from'. It is commonly used to indicate separation, origin, or cause. It can also function as a prefix in compound words, carrying a similar sense of separation or completion. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the genitive case. The apostrophe indicates that the final vowel (omicron) has been dropped because the next word begins with a vowel.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition); functions as a prefix in compound words

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The Greek preposition 'ἀπό' (apo) comes from Proto-Indo-European *apo-, meaning 'off, away'.

G3056

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LOH-goss

Translations: word, a word, reason, a reason, account, an account, speech, a speech, message, a message, report, a report, thing, a thing, matter, a matter, saying, a saying, discourse, a discourse

Notes: The word 'logos' is a fundamental term in Koine Greek with a wide range of meanings. It can refer to a spoken or written word, a statement, a message, or a command. Beyond simple communication, it also encompasses concepts like reason, logic, an account, a narrative, or even a divine utterance or principle. Its specific meaning often depends on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΕΠΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say, speak'. It refers to something said or thought, and its meaning evolved to encompass both speech and the underlying reason or thought.

G1161

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G2038

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-ras-THEH-teh

Translations: love, desire, be in love with

Notes: This word is an aorist passive imperative, meaning 'be loved' or 'fall in love'. In Koine Greek, it often carries the sense of a strong, passionate desire or love. It functions as a command or exhortation to experience or engage in such a feeling. While the active voice means 'to love' or 'to desire', the passive imperative here implies 'be loved' or 'let yourselves be loved/desired', or more idiomatically, 'fall in love' or 'be passionately devoted'.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Imperative, Second Person Plural

Synonyms: ἈΓΑΠΑΩ, ΦΙΛΕΩ

Etymology: The word ἐράω (eraō) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to ἔρως (erōs), meaning 'passionate love' or 'desire'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G5456

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: foh-NAY

Translations: voice, sound, noise, a voice, a sound, a noise

Notes: This word refers to a voice, a sound, or a noise. It is commonly used to describe the sound produced by living beings, such as a human voice or the sound of an animal, but can also refer to inanimate sounds like thunder or the sound of a trumpet. It is a feminine noun.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Feminine

Synonyms: ΗΧΟΣ, ΚΡΑΥΓΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (to speak, tell, say). Cognate with Latin fari (to speak) and English ban.

G4119

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: PLEH-on

Translations: more, a greater amount, a greater number, further, moreover, besides

Notes: This word signifies 'more' or 'greater' and can function as both an adjective and an adverb. As an adjective, it describes a larger quantity or degree of something. As an adverb, it indicates an increase in action or extent, often translated as 'further' or 'moreover'. It is the neuter singular form of the adjective 'πλέων'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative (as an adjective); Does not inflect (as an adverb)

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΟΝ, ΜΑΛΛΟΝ

Etymology: The word 'πλέων' (pleōn) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to fill' or 'full'. It is related to words signifying abundance or completion.

G3361

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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G3888

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pah-rah-PSAY-stheh

Translations: you may comfort, you may refresh, you may soothe, you may cheer

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to comfort', 'to refresh', or 'to soothe'. It is often used in the context of providing relief or encouragement to someone. It is a compound word formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb ψύχω (psycho), meaning 'to cool' or 'to refresh'. The form given is a second person plural aorist passive subjunctive, indicating a potential or hypothetical action of being comforted or refreshed by someone else.

Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Aorist, Passive, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΜΥΘΕΟΜΑΙ, ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΕΩ

Etymology: The word is derived from the prefix παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb ψύχω (psycho), meaning 'to cool' or 'to refresh'. The combination suggests a comforting or refreshing action that comes alongside someone.

G3588, G3778

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G4689

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: spon-dis-THEE-nai

Translations: to be poured out, to be offered as a drink offering, to be sacrificed

Notes: This word is an infinitive form of the verb 'to pour out' or 'to offer a drink offering'. It describes the action of something being poured out, often in a ritual or sacrificial context, such as wine or blood being offered to a deity. It is used to express the purpose or result of an action, indicating that something is to be poured out or offered.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΘΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΦΕΡΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΠΕΝΔΩ comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to make a libation, to offer a sacrifice'. It is related to Latin 'spondeo' (to promise, pledge) and English 'sponsor'.

G5613

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G2379

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: thoo-see-as-TEE-ree-on

Translations: altar, an altar

Notes: This word refers to an altar, a raised structure or place on which sacrifices or offerings are made to a deity. It is typically used in religious contexts to denote the sacred place where rituals involving offerings take place.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word "ΘΥΣΙΑΣΤΗΡΙΟΝ" (thysiastērion) is derived from "θυσιάζω" (thysiazō), meaning 'to sacrifice', which in turn comes from "θυσία" (thysia), meaning 'sacrifice' or 'offering'. It literally means 'place of sacrifice'.

G2443

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EE-nah

Translations: in order that, that, so that, to

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.

G1722

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G0026

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-GAH-pay

Translations: love, a love, charity

Notes: This word refers to a deep, unconditional, and benevolent love, often used in a spiritual or divine sense. It is a selfless and sacrificial love, distinct from other forms of love like eros (romantic love) or philia (friendship love). It can be used to describe God's love for humanity, or the love that believers should have for God and for one another.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΦΙΛΙΑ, ΕΡΩΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be pre-Greek. It gained prominence in Koine Greek, particularly in the Septuagint and New Testament, where it was chosen to translate the Hebrew word 'ahavah' and to describe a specific kind of divine and selfless love.

G5525

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHO-ros

Translations: dance, a dance, chorus, a chorus, company, a company, band, a band

Notes: This word refers to a dance or a company of dancers, often associated with a festive or religious gathering. It can also denote a band or company of people, especially those acting in unison or performing together, like a chorus in a play or a group of prophets. It is a masculine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΜΙΛΟΣ, ΣΥΝΟΔΙΑ, ΘΙΑΣΟΣ

Etymology: The word "ΧΟΡΟΣ" is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek or from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to jump' or 'to dance'. It refers to a circular dance, and by extension, the group of dancers or singers performing it.

G1096

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: geh-NO-meh-noy

Translations: having become, being, having come to pass, having arisen, having been born, having happened

Notes: This word is an aorist middle participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to come into being,' 'to happen,' or 'to be born.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or a state that has been achieved. It often translates as 'having become' or 'those who have become,' indicating a completed action that results in a new state or identity.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΕΣ, ΕΓΕΝΟΝΤΟ

G3754

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G2316

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THEH-os

Translations: God, a God, Lord

Notes: ΘΕΟΣ (theos) is a singular noun meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, it is frequently used to refer to the singular, supreme God, often with the definite article. It can also refer to a generic deity or even a human figure considered divine. It functions as a subject or object in sentences, depending on its case.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΠΑΤΗΡ

Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root, though its precise origin is debated. It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.

G2661

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tayk-see-OH-sen

Translations: thought worthy, deemed worthy, considered worthy, counted worthy

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, 'down, according to') and the verb ἀξιόω (axioō, 'to deem worthy'). It means to consider someone or something worthy, or to count them as deserving of something. It is often used in contexts where a person or action is judged to meet a certain standard of worthiness.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΞΙΟΩ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ

G1519

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G1416

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DYS-in

Translations: setting, sunset, west, a setting, a sunset, a west

Notes: This word refers to the act of setting, particularly of the sun or other celestial bodies. It can also refer to the direction where the sun sets, which is the west. In a sentence, it would be used to indicate the time of day when the sun goes down or the geographical direction of the west.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΥΣΜΗ

Etymology: From the verb δύω (dyō), meaning 'to enter, to sink, to set'. It refers to the action of something sinking or setting, especially the sun.

G0395

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-nah-toh-LEES

Translations: of rising, of dawn, of the east, of the sunrise

Notes: This word refers to the act of rising, especially of the sun or stars, and by extension, the direction from which the sun rises, which is the east. It can also refer to the dawn or the place where the sun appears. It is used in contexts describing the beginning of something or a geographical direction.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΝΑΤΟΛΑΙ, ἈΝΑΤΟΛΗ

Etymology: From the verb ἀνατέλλω (anatellō), meaning 'to rise up' or 'to cause to rise'. It is formed from ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up', and τέλλω (tellō), meaning 'to accomplish' or 'to rise'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G2889

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOS-moo

Translations: (of) world, (of) universe, (of) adornment, (of) order, (of) a world, (of) an adornment

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΚΟΣΜΟΣ' (kosmos). It refers to the world, the universe, or the created order. It can also mean an adornment, decoration, or arrangement. In a sentence, it often indicates possession or origin, such as 'of the world' or 'belonging to the world'.

Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΥΜΕΝΗΣ, ΑΙΩΝΟΣ, ΚΟΣΜΗΜΑΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΚΟΣΜΟΣ' comes from the Greek verb 'κοσμέω' (kosmeō), meaning 'to arrange' or 'to put in order'. From this, it developed the sense of an orderly arrangement, then an adornment, and finally the ordered universe or world.

G4314

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

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