Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Tischendorf's Greek New Testament / 3 John / Chapter 1
3 John, Chapter 1
Interlinear version from Tischendorf's Greek New Testament (Beta)
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G4245
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: pres-BYOO-teh-ros
Translations: older, elder, an elder, old man, an old man
Notes: This word describes someone who is older in age or more advanced in years. It can be used as an adjective to describe an older person, or as a noun referring to an 'elder' or 'old man'. In a religious context, particularly in early Christianity, it refers to a leader or official in the church, often translated as 'elder' or 'presbyter'.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΓΕΡΩΝ, ΠΡΕΣΒΥΣ
Etymology: From the comparative form of the adjective πρέσβυς (presbys), meaning 'old' or 'elderly'. It literally means 'older'.
G1093
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GAH-yah
Translations: earth, land, ground, a land, a ground
Notes: This word is likely a misspelling or a less common form of ΓΑΙΑ (gaia), which means 'earth,' 'land,' or 'ground.' In the provided context, 'ΓΑΙΩΝ' is the genitive plural of ΓΑΙΑ, meaning 'of the lands' or 'of the earths.' It refers to the physical ground, a specific country or region, or the entire planet.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative (if it were ΓΑΙΑ); however, the provided word 'ΓΑΙΩ' is likely a misspelling of ΓΑΙΑ or a related form. If it were a verb, it would be a first-person singular present active indicative, but this is highly unlikely given the context.
Synonyms: ΓΗ, ΧΩΡΑ
Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly pre-Greek. It refers to the earth as a whole or as a specific land area.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G0027
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-gah-pay-TOH
Translations: (to) beloved, (to) dear, (to) only-begotten, (to) only
Notes: This word describes someone who is beloved, dear, or uniquely cherished. It is often used to refer to an only child, or someone who is deeply loved. In the provided examples, it appears in the dative case, indicating 'to the beloved' or 'to the dear one'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΦΙΛΟΣ, ΑΓΑΘΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἈΓΑΠΗΤΟΣ (agapetos) is derived from the verb ἀγαπάω (agapao), meaning 'to love'. It signifies someone who is the object of love.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ON
Translations: being, existing, a being, that which is
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'being' or 'existing'. It describes something that is in a state of being or existence. As a neuter singular form, it often refers to 'that which is' or 'a being', and can function as a noun.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-GOH
Translations: I, me
Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative
Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.
G0025
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-gah-POH
Translations: I love, I like, I desire, I am fond of
Notes: This word means to love, like, or be fond of someone or something. It is a verb used to express affection, preference, or a deep sense of care. It can be used in various contexts, from divine love to human affection, and often implies a volitional, self-sacrificial love rather than a purely emotional one.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΦΙΛΈΩ, ἘΡΆΩ
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G225
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-lay-THEY-ah
Translations: truth, a truth, reality, veracity, faithfulness
Notes: This word refers to truth, not merely as an abstract concept, but often as a quality of being or action, indicating sincerity, reality, or faithfulness. It can be used to describe something that is factual, genuine, or reliable. For example, one might speak of 'the truth of God' or 'walking in truth'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΗΣ, ΑΛΗΘΙΝΟΣ, ΓΝΩΣΙΣ
Etymology: From ἀληθής (alēthḗs, “true”), from ἀ- (a-, “un-”) + λήθη (lḗthē, “forgetfulness, oblivion”). Thus, literally 'un-forgetfulness' or 'that which is not hidden'.
G0027
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-gah-pay-TEH
Translations: beloved, dear, a beloved one, a dear one
Notes: This word describes someone who is loved or dear. It is often used as a term of endearment, similar to 'dear friend' or 'beloved one' in English. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a substantive (acting like a noun) referring to a beloved person.
Inflection: Singular, Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΦΙΛΟΣ, ΑΓΑΠΩΜΕΝΟΣ
Etymology: From the Greek verb ἀγαπάω (agapaō), meaning 'to love'. It describes someone who is the object of love.
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tone
Translations: (of) all, (of) every, (of) everyone, (of) everything, (of) the whole
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'πᾶς' (pas), meaning 'all', 'every', or 'the whole'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for a plural group, signifying 'of all' or 'belonging to all'. It can refer to people, things, or concepts, encompassing a complete set or totality.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G2172
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: YOO-kho-mai
Translations: pray, wish, vow, make a vow
Notes: This word means to pray, to wish, or to make a vow. It is often used in the context of addressing God or a deity, expressing a desire or a solemn promise. It is a deponent verb, meaning it has a middle or passive form but an active meaning.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present Tense, Middle/Passive Voice, Indicative Mood
Synonyms: ΔΕΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: From a primary verb, probably akin to the root of εὔχομαι (euchomai), meaning 'to speak out, to declare, to pray'.
G4571
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: SEH
Translations: you
Notes: ΣΕ is the accusative singular form of the second-person pronoun, meaning 'you' when it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It indicates the person to whom an action is done or directed.
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is the accusative form of the second-person singular pronoun.
G2137
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: yoo-oh-DOO-sthai
Translations: to prosper, to succeed, to have a prosperous journey, to be well off
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to prosper, succeed, or have a prosperous journey. It is often used to describe someone's well-being or success in their endeavors. It is a compound word formed from 'εὖ' (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good', and 'ὁδός' (hodos), meaning 'way' or 'journey'. Thus, it literally means 'to have a good journey' or 'to go well'.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΚΟΠΤΩ, ΚΑΤΕΥΘΥΝΩ
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G5198
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-gee-AHY-neen
Translations: to be healthy, to be well, to be sound, to keep well
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ΥΓΙΑΙΝΩ'. It means 'to be healthy' or 'to be in good health'. It is often used in greetings or farewells, similar to saying 'be well' or 'farewell'. It can also describe a state of soundness or integrity, not just physical health.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active
Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΠΡΑΤΤΕΙΝ, ΕΥ̓ΘΥΜΕΙΝ
Etymology: The verb 'ΥΓΙΑΙΝΩ' comes from the adjective 'ὑγιής' (hygiēs), meaning 'healthy' or 'sound'. This adjective is the source of the English word 'hygiene'.
G2531
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: KAH-thohss
Translations: just as, even as, according as, as, exactly as, in proportion as, like, according to, inasmuch as
Notes: This is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'according to') and the adverb ὡς (hōs, meaning 'as' or 'how'). It functions as an adverb or conjunction, primarily used to introduce a comparison, indicating that something is done or happens in the same way as something else. It can also express correspondence or proportion, meaning 'inasmuch as' or 'to the extent that'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑ
Etymology: From the Greek preposition κατά (kata, 'down, according to') and the adverb ὡς (hōs, 'as, how').
G2137
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: yoo-OH-doo-tai
Translations: prosper, succeed, be prosperous, have a good journey
Notes: This word means to prosper, succeed, or have a good journey. It is often used in the passive voice, meaning 'to be prospered' or 'to be made to succeed'. It can refer to material success, spiritual well-being, or a successful journey. In a sentence, it describes the state of someone or something thriving or being successful.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΘΗΝΈΩ, ΚΑΤΕΥΟΔΌΩ
G4771
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Part of Speech: Personal Pronoun
Sounds like: soo
Translations: of you, your, yours
Notes: ΣΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the second-person personal pronoun 'you'. It indicates possession or relationship, similar to 'your' or 'of you' in English. It can be used to show that something belongs to the person being addressed, or to indicate the object of certain prepositions or verbs that take the genitive case.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, All genders
G3588, G3739, G2228
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection
Sounds like: AY
Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah
Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)
Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.
G5590
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: Ps-oo-KHEE
Translations: soul, life, mind, heart, a soul, a life
Notes: This word refers to the soul, the animating principle of a human or animal, often considered the seat of emotions, desires, and affections. It can also denote life itself, the individual person, or the mind/inner self. It is used in various contexts to refer to the breath of life, the spiritual part of a human being, or simply one's existence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΝΕΥΜΑ, ΖΩΗ, ΚΑΡΔΙΑ
Etymology: From the verb ψύχω (psychō), meaning 'to breathe' or 'to blow', referring to the breath as the principle of life. It is related to the concept of breath as the essence of life.
G5463
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ek-HAH-reen
Translations: I rejoiced, I was glad, I was joyful
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to rejoice' or 'to be glad'. It is used to express a past action of experiencing joy or happiness. The form 'ἘΧΑΡΗΝ' specifically indicates that 'I' was the one who rejoiced or was made glad.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Indicative, 1st Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΩ, ΕΥΦΡΑΙΝΩ
G3029
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: LEE-ahn
Translations: very, exceedingly, greatly, much, extremely
Notes: This word is an adverb that means 'very' or 'exceedingly'. It is used to intensify the meaning of an adjective, another adverb, or a verb, indicating a high degree or extent of something. For example, it can be used to say 'very good' or 'greatly rejoice'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΦΟΔΡΑ, ΠΟΛΥ, ΜΑΛΑ
Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the idea of 'smoothness' or 'plainness', which then developed into the meaning of 'very' or 'exceedingly'.
G2064
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: er-KHO-meh-nohn
Translations: coming, going, a coming, a going, those coming, those going, of those coming, of those going
Notes: This word is a present participle of the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or an adverb, describing an action that is ongoing or habitual. In this form, it refers to 'those who are coming' or 'those who are going', often implying a group or a general state of arrival or departure. It can be used to describe people, events, or things that are in the process of arriving or moving.
Inflection: Present, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΛΘΟΝΤΩΝ, ΙΟΝΤΩΝ
G0080
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-del-FOHN
Translations: (of) brothers, (of) brethren, (of) fellow believers
Notes: This word refers to brothers, or more broadly, to fellow members of a community, especially in a religious or spiritual sense, like fellow believers or brethren. It is used here in the genitive plural case, indicating possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ἈΔΕΛΦΟΙ, ἈΔΕΛΦΟΥΣ
G3140
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: mar-ty-ROON-ton
Translations: of those witnessing, of those testifying, of those bearing witness
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to witness' or 'to testify'. It describes an action of bearing witness or giving testimony. As a genitive plural, it typically refers to 'of those who are witnessing' or 'of those who are testifying', often indicating the source or subject of the testimony.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Plural
Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΡΩΝ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΟΥΝΤΕΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAY
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which
Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.
G4771
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: soo
Translations: you
Notes: This word is a personal pronoun meaning 'you' (singular). It is used when addressing a single person directly, typically as the subject of a sentence. It can also be used emphatically to highlight the person being addressed.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Second Person
Etymology: The word 'ΣΥ' is an ancient Greek pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been consistently used throughout various stages of the Greek language to refer to the second person singular.
G4043
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-ree-pa-TEIS
Translations: you walk, you are walking, you live, you conduct yourself
Notes: This word literally means 'to walk around' or 'to go about'. In a figurative sense, it is often used to describe one's manner of life, conduct, or behavior. It can mean 'to live' or 'to conduct oneself' in a particular way, referring to one's moral or spiritual journey.
Inflection: 2nd Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΖΑΩ, ΑΝΑΣΤΡΕΦΟΜΑΙ
G3173
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: may-ZOH-teh-ran
Translations: greater, a greater, larger, a larger, more important, a more important
Notes: This word is the comparative form of the adjective 'ΜΕΓΑΣ' (megas), meaning 'great' or 'large'. 'ΜΕΙΖΟΤΕΡΑΝ' specifically means 'greater' or 'larger' and is used to compare two things, indicating that one is superior in size, importance, or degree. It functions as an adjective modifying a feminine singular noun in the accusative case.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Comparative
Synonyms: ΜΕΙΖΩΝ, ΠΛΕΙΩΝ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TOO-tone
Translations: of these, of them
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'these'. It is used to indicate possession or relationship, often translated as 'of these' or 'of them', referring to things or people previously mentioned or understood from context. It can refer to masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΩΝ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EKH-oh
Translations: have, hold, possess, keep, be able, be in a state of
Notes: This word means "to have" or "to hold." It is a very common verb used to express possession, to describe a state or condition, or to indicate that one is holding something. It can also be used in a broader sense to mean "to be able" or "to be in a certain state."
Inflection: First Person Singular, Present Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood
Synonyms: ΚΤΆΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΈΧΩ, ἜΧΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- 'to hold, to have'. It is cognate with Latin 'habeo' (to have) and English 'seek'.
G5479
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kha-RAHN
Translations: joy, a joy, delight, a delight, gladness, a gladness
Notes: ΧΑΡΑΝ is the accusative singular form of the noun ΧΑΡΑ (chará), meaning 'joy,' 'delight,' or 'gladness.' It is used when 'joy' is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions in a sentence.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΦΡΟΣΥΝΗ, ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΣΙΣ
Etymology: From the root χαίρω (chaírō, 'to rejoice'). It is related to the concept of grace or favor.
G2443
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: EE-nah
Translations: in order that, that, so that, to
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.
G0191
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-KOO-oh
Translations: hear, listen, obey, understand
Notes: This verb means to hear, to listen, or to perceive sound. It can also imply understanding or obeying what is heard, especially when followed by a genitive case for the person or thing heard, or an accusative case for the sound itself. It is commonly used in contexts of receiving information or commands.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person, Singular
Synonyms: ὙΠΑΚΟΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂kowh₂- (to hear). It is related to other words meaning 'to hear' in various Indo-European languages.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G1683
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MAH
Translations: (to) myself, (for) myself
Notes: This word is a contracted or shortened form of the reflexive pronoun 'ἐμαυτῷ' (emautō), meaning 'to myself' or 'for myself'. It is used when the action of the verb is directed back to the speaker. It functions as a dative case, indicating the indirect object or benefit.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ἘΜΑΥΤῼ
G5043
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TEK-nah
Translations: children, offspring
Notes: This word refers to children or offspring. It is the plural form of the noun 'τέκνον' (teknon), meaning 'child'. It is commonly used to refer to one's descendants or young ones in general.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΑΙΔΙΑ, ΥΙΟΙ
G4043
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: peh-ree-pah-TOON-tah
Translations: walking, going about, living, conducting oneself, those walking, those going about
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ΠΕΡΙΠΑΤΕΩ', meaning 'to walk' or 'to go about'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is ongoing. It can refer to physical movement, but often in Koine Greek, it metaphorically describes one's manner of life, conduct, or behavior. For example, 'walking in truth' means 'living truthfully'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΔΙΖΩ
Etymology: The word 'ΠΕΡΙΠΑΤΕΩ' is a compound word formed from 'ΠΕΡΙ' (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and 'ΠΑΤΕΩ' (pateo), meaning 'to tread' or 'to walk'. Thus, it literally means 'to walk around'.
G4103
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PIS-ton
Translations: faithful, a faithful one, trustworthy, a trustworthy one, reliable, a reliable one, true, a true one, sure, a sure one
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning faithful, trustworthy, or reliable. It describes someone or something that can be depended upon, is true to their word, or is steadfast in their character or actions. It can be used to describe people, things, or even concepts, indicating their reliability or truthfulness.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΗΣ, ΒΕΒΑΙΟΣ, ΕΓΓΥΟΣ
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: poy-EES
Translations: you do, you make, you perform, you create, you produce
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. It is used to describe actions, creations, or performances. It can be used in various contexts, such as doing a task, making something, or performing an action.
Inflection: Present Active Indicative, 2nd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ
G1437
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: eh-AHN
Translations: if, when, whenever, although
Notes: ἘΑΝ is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It typically takes the subjunctive mood, indicating a condition that is possible, probable, or hypothetical. It can be translated as 'if', 'when', or 'whenever', depending on the nuance of the condition, and sometimes 'although' in concessive clauses.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΙ, ὍΤΑΝ
Etymology: ἘΑΝ is a contraction of the conditional particle εἰ (ei, 'if') and the modal particle ἄν (an), which adds a sense of contingency or possibility to the condition.
G2038
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: er-GAH-see
Translations: work, do, perform, trade, may work, might work, should work
Notes: This word means to work, to do, or to perform. It is a deponent verb, meaning it has a middle or passive form but an active meaning. It is used to describe engaging in an activity, labor, or business, or to accomplish something. It can also refer to trading or earning a living.
Inflection: Second Person Singular, Aorist, Subjunctive, Middle Voice
Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ
Etymology: The word ἘΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ comes from the noun ἔργον (ergon), meaning 'work' or 'deed'.
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G0080
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-del-FOOS
Translations: brothers, brethren
Notes: This word refers to brothers or male siblings. In a broader sense, it can also refer to fellow members of a community, countrymen, or spiritual brethren. It is used here in the accusative plural, indicating that the brothers are the direct object of an action.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ἈΔΕΛΦΟΙ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toh
Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that
Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.
G3581
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: XEH-noos
Translations: strangers, foreigners, guests, hosts
Notes: This word refers to individuals who are not native to a particular place or community. It can mean a stranger, a foreigner, or someone who is visiting as a guest. In some contexts, it can also refer to the host who entertains guests. It is used in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΟΙΚΟΥΣ, ΑΛΛΟΓΕΝΕΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΞΕΝΟΣ (xenos) comes from Proto-Indo-European *gʰsénos, meaning 'guest, stranger, foreigner'. It is related to Latin hostis ('stranger, enemy') and hospes ('guest, host').
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G3140
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-mar-TOO-ray-san
Translations: they testified, they bore witness, they gave testimony
Notes: This word means to bear witness, give testimony, or affirm something as true. It is often used in a legal or formal context, indicating that someone has provided evidence or a statement of fact. In this form, it refers to a past action completed by a group of people.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΡΩ, ΕΠΙΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ
G0026
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-GAH-pay
Translations: love, a love, charity
Notes: This word refers to a deep, unconditional, and benevolent love, often used in a spiritual or divine sense. It is a selfless and sacrificial love, distinct from other forms of love like eros (romantic love) or philia (friendship love). It can be used to describe God's love for humanity, or the love that believers should have for God and for one another.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΦΙΛΙΑ, ΕΡΩΣ
Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be pre-Greek. It gained prominence in Koine Greek, particularly in the Septuagint and New Testament, where it was chosen to translate the Hebrew word 'ahavah' and to describe a specific kind of divine and selfless love.
G1799
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition
Sounds like: en-OH-pee-on
Translations: before, in the presence of, in the sight of, (of) before, (of) in the presence of, (of) in the sight of
Notes: This word functions as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'in the presence of'. It can also be used as a preposition with the genitive case, meaning 'in the presence of' or 'in the sight of' someone or something. It often conveys the idea of being directly in front of, or under the observation of, another.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an adverb); functions as a preposition with the genitive case.
Synonyms: ἘΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ, ΚΑΤΕΝΩΠΙΟΝ
Etymology: This word is a compound formed from the preposition ἘΝ (en, meaning 'in') and the noun ὬΨ (ōps, meaning 'face' or 'eye'). It literally means 'in the face of' or 'in the sight of'.
G1577
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ek-klee-SEE-as
Translations: of church, of assembly, of congregation
Notes: This word refers to a gathering or assembly of people, often with a religious or political purpose. In the New Testament, it commonly refers to the Christian church or a local congregation of believers. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐκ' (out of) and 'καλέω' (to call), meaning 'a calling out' or 'an assembly of those called out'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩΓΗ, ΟΜΙΛΙΑ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἘΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ is derived from the Greek preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb καλέω (kaleō), meaning 'to call'. It originally referred to an assembly of citizens called out from their homes for public business.
G3775
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OOS
Translations: ear, an ear
Notes: This word refers to the anatomical organ of hearing, the ear. It is used in various contexts to denote the physical ear, but also metaphorically for the act of hearing or understanding, as in 'to lend an ear' or 'to have ears to hear'. It is a singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΩΤΙΟΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ows- (ear).
G2573
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: KAL-ohs
Translations: well, rightly, properly, honorably, commendably
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'well' or 'rightly'. It describes an action performed in a good, proper, or honorable manner. It can indicate that something is done correctly, skillfully, or in a way that is morally upright.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΥ, ΟΡΘΩΣ, ΚΑΛΩΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΑΛΩΣ is derived from the adjective ΚΑΛΟΣ (KALOS), meaning 'good' or 'beautiful'.
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: poy-EE-sace
Translations: you will make, you will do, you will create, you will perform
Notes: This word is the future tense, second person singular form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. It indicates an action that the singular 'you' will perform in the future. It can be used in various contexts, such as making an object, doing an action, or performing a task.
Inflection: Future, Indicative, Active, 2nd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΕΙΣ, ΕΡΓΑΣΕΙΣ, ΤΕΛΕΣΕΙΣ
G4311
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: pro-PEM-psas
Translations: having sent forth, having sent on, having escorted, having accompanied, having helped on one's journey
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, masculine, singular, nominative case, derived from the verb 'προπέμπω'. It describes an action completed in the past, indicating that the subject has performed the action of sending someone forth, escorting them, or helping them on their journey. It can be used to describe someone who has provided assistance for travel or has seen someone off.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΠΕΜΠΩ, ΣΥΝΟΔΕΥΩ
Etymology: The word προπέμπω (propempō) is a compound word formed from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forward', and the verb πέμπω (pempō), meaning 'to send'. Thus, it literally means 'to send forward' or 'to send on one's way'.
G0516
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: ax-EE-ohs
Translations: worthily, appropriately, suitably, justly, in a manner worthy of
Notes: This word is an adverb derived from the adjective 'ἈΞΙΟΣ' (axios), meaning 'worthy'. It describes an action performed in a manner that is fitting, appropriate, or deserving. It indicates that something is done in a way that corresponds to its true value or importance.
Inflection: Does not inflect (adverbial form)
Synonyms: ΠΡΕΠΟΝΤΩΣ, ΕΥ̓ΛΟΓΩΣ
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAY-oo
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΘΕΟΣ' (theos), meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, the genitive case often indicates possession, origin, or relationship, similar to the English 'of' or the possessive apostrophe 's'. Therefore, 'ΘΕΟΥ' typically translates to 'of God' or 'of a god', depending on the context. It can refer to the one true God or to a pagan deity.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G5228
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-PER
Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than
Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G3686
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: O-NO-ma-tos
Translations: of name, of a name, of reputation, of character
Notes: This word refers to a name, a reputation, or a character. It is often used to denote the authority or person of someone, especially God or Christ. For example, it can be used in phrases like 'in the name of' to signify acting under someone's authority or representing them.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ, ΔΟΞΑ
G1831
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ex-EEL-than
Translations: they went out, they came out, they departed
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of', and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. Therefore, it means 'to go out' or 'to come out'. It is used to describe a group of people or things moving from an inside location to an outside one, or from one place to another, indicating departure.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΚΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΚΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ
G3367
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: MAY-den
Translations: nothing, no one, none, not even one
Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one'. It is the neuter form of the word 'ΜΗΔΕΙΣ'. It is used to express absolute negation, particularly in contexts involving prohibitions, commands, or with subjunctive and optative moods, indicating that something should not happen or does not exist under certain conditions. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'do nothing' or 'let nothing happen'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ
Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (meaning 'not') and the numeral ΕΙΣ (meaning 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.
G2983
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: lam-BAH-non-tes
Translations: taking, receiving, getting, seizing, obtaining, accepting
Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'λαμβάνω', meaning 'to take', 'to receive', or 'to get'. As a participle, it describes an action that is happening concurrently with the main verb of the sentence. It can be translated as 'taking', 'receiving', or 'those who are taking/receiving', depending on the context. It implies an ongoing or continuous action of acquiring something.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ
G0575
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: AH-po
Translations: from, away from, out of, off, (of), by, since, after
Notes: ἈΠΟ is a common Koine Greek preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or source. It is always used with the genitive case. It can mean 'from' or 'away from' a place or person, indicating movement away. It can also denote the cause or agent ('by'), or a temporal starting point ('since', 'after').
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἘΚ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'off' and 'of'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G1482
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: eth-nee-KOHN
Translations: of the Gentiles, of the nations, of the heathen, of the pagans
Notes: This word describes something belonging to or characteristic of the Gentiles, nations, or pagans. It is often used in a collective sense to refer to non-Israelite peoples or those who do not follow the God of Israel. In the provided example, it refers to things taken from the Gentiles.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΘΝΩΝ, ΕΛΛΗΝΩΝ
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hay-MACE
Translations: we
Notes: This word is a first-person plural pronoun, meaning 'we'. It is used as the subject of a sentence or clause, indicating that the action is performed by the speaker and one or more other people. For example, 'we go' or 'we believe'.
Inflection: Nominative, Plural, First Person
Etymology: The word 'ΕΓΩ' (ego) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental pronoun found across many Indo-European languages.
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.
G3784
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: oh-FEY-loh-men
Translations: we ought, we must, we owe, we are indebted
Notes: This word signifies a moral obligation or a debt. It is used to express what one ought to do, what is necessary, or what is due, whether in terms of duty, obligation, or financial debt. It can be used in contexts where one is bound by law, custom, or moral imperative.
Inflection: First Person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΔΕΙ, ΧΡΗ
G5274
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-po-lam-BAH-neen
Translations: to suppose, to assume, to take up, to receive, to reply, to answer
Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb ΥΠΟΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ. It is a compound verb formed from ΥΠΟ (under, by) and ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ (to take, to receive). Depending on the context, it can mean to take up or receive something, to suppose or assume something, or to reply or answer someone. It often implies taking something up from below, or taking a thought into one's mind.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active
Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΩ, ΟΙΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΟΚΡΙΝΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'from below', and the verb ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. Its meaning evolved from 'to take up from below' to 'to take into one's mind' (to suppose) or 'to take up a conversation' (to reply).
G5108
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: toy-OO-tooss
Translations: such, such a kind, such as these, such people
Notes: This word is a demonstrative adjective meaning 'such' or 'of such a kind'. It is used to refer to persons or things that have been previously mentioned or are implied by the context. It describes the quality or nature of something, indicating that it is of the type or character just described or understood.
Inflection: Masculine or Feminine, Plural, Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΙΟΣ, ΤΟΣΟΥΤΟΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (this) and the correlative particle 'τοῖος' (such).
G4904
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: soon-er-GOY
Translations: fellow workers, co-workers, helpers, partners
Notes: This word is a compound noun, formed from 'σύν' (together with) and 'ἔργον' (work). It refers to individuals who work alongside others, collaborating on a task or project. It is used to describe someone who is a colleague, an associate, or a helper in a shared endeavor.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΓΑΤΑΙ, ΣΥΜΠΡΑΚΤΟΡΕΣ
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ghee-NOH-meh-thah
Translations: let us become, that we may become, we become, we are, we come to be, we happen
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'ginomai', meaning 'to become', 'to come into being', 'to happen', or 'to be'. It is used to express a state of becoming or coming into existence, often implying a change from one state to another. It can also simply mean 'to be' or 'to exist' in certain contexts.
Inflection: First Person, Plural, Present, Subjunctive, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ
G1125
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eg-RAP-sa
Translations: I wrote, I have written
Notes: This is the first person singular, aorist active indicative form of the verb γράφω (graphō), meaning 'to write'. It indicates a completed action in the past, often translated as 'I wrote' or 'I have written'. It is used to state a fact about something that was written.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΡΑΦΩ, ΑΠΟΓΡΑΦΩ
G5101
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE
Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing
Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.
G1577
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ek-klee-SEE-ah
Translations: assembly, an assembly, church, a church, congregation, a congregation, (to) assembly, (to) church, (to) congregation
Notes: This word refers to a gathering or assembly of people, often called together for a specific purpose. In ancient Greek contexts, it could refer to a political assembly of citizens. In the New Testament, it primarily refers to the Christian church, either a local congregation or the universal body of believers. It can be used to describe both the physical gathering of people and the spiritual entity.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative or Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩΓΗ, ΟΜΙΛΙΑ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the Greek preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb καλέω (kaleō), meaning 'to call'. Thus, it literally means 'a calling out' or 'those called out'.
G0243
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Part of Speech: Prefix
Sounds like: ALL
Translations: other, another, different, foreign
Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.
G5381
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: fee-loh-proh-TEH-oo-ohn
Translations: loving to be first, desiring preeminence, one who loves to be first, a lover of preeminence
Notes: This word is a compound participle meaning 'loving to be first' or 'desiring preeminence'. It describes someone who seeks to be the leader or to hold the highest position. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun or as a substantive (acting as a noun) referring to such a person.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΡΩΤΕΥΩΝ, ΦΙΛΟΔΟΞΟΣ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, of themselves
Notes: This word is a pronoun indicating possession or relation, specifically for a group of people or things. It is used to mean 'of them' or 'their', often referring back to a previously mentioned plural noun or pronoun.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
G1361
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: dee-oh-TREH-fays
Translations: Diotrephes
Notes: Diotrephes is a proper noun, referring to a specific individual mentioned in the New Testament. He is described as someone who loves to be first among the believers and who does not accept the authority of others. As a proper noun, it functions as the name of a person in a sentence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Diotrephes is of Greek origin, meaning 'nourished by Zeus' or 'cherished by Zeus'. It is a compound word derived from 'Dios' (Διός), the genitive form of Zeus (Ζεύς), and 'trepho' (τρέφω), meaning 'to nourish' or 'to rear'.
G1926
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ep-ee-DEKH-eh-tai
Translations: receives, accepts, admits, allows, endures, tolerates
Notes: This verb means to receive, accept, admit, or allow. It can also imply enduring or tolerating something. It is often used in contexts where someone is willing or unwilling to take something in, whether it be a message, a person, or a situation.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐπί (epi, 'upon, to') and δέχομαι (dechomai, 'to receive'). It literally means 'to receive upon' or 'to receive in addition'.
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: HAY-mas
Translations: us
Notes: This word is the first-person plural pronoun 'we' in the accusative case. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, meaning 'us'. For example, 'He saw us' or 'They spoke to us'.
Inflection: First-person, Plural, Accusative
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G2064
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EL-thoh
Translations: come, go
Notes: This word is a common verb of motion, meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. It is used to describe movement towards or away from a place or state. It can be used in various contexts, such as 'to come into being', 'to go away', or 'to arrive'.
Inflection: Aorist Active Subjunctive, 1st Person Singular
Synonyms: ΗΚΩ, ΒΑΙΝΩ
G5279
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-pom-NEE-soh
Translations: remind, bring to remembrance, put in mind of
Notes: This verb means to remind someone of something, or to bring something to their remembrance. It is often used in the context of recalling past events or teachings to someone's mind. It can be used transitively, taking an object that is being reminded.
Inflection: First Person Singular, Future, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΜΙΜΝΗΣΚΩ, ΜΝΗΣΚΩ
Etymology: The word Ὑπομιμνήσκω is a compound word formed from the preposition ὑπό (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'by', and the verb μιμνήσκω (mimnēskō), meaning 'to remind' or 'to remember'. The prefix ὑπό here intensifies the action or suggests a subtle or indirect reminder.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: (of) him, his, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun. In this genitive singular form, it typically means 'of him,' 'his,' 'of it,' or 'its,' indicating possession or origin. It can refer to a male person or a neuter object/concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'self'. It is an ancient Greek word that has been in continuous use.
G2041
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ER-gah
Translations: works, deeds, actions
Notes: This word refers to actions, accomplishments, or things done. It can encompass both good and bad deeds depending on the context, describing the outcome or result of an effort. It is often used to describe the actions of people or God.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΕΙΣ, ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΑ
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix
Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)
Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-
Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).
Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.
Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: poy-EH-ee
Translations: makes, does, creates, performs, produces, brings about, carries out
Notes: This verb signifies to make, do, or create something. It is used broadly to describe actions, accomplishments, or the bringing into existence of something. It can refer to physical creation, the performance of an action, or the production of a result.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Present Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ
G3056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LOH-goys
Translations: (to) words, (to) sayings, (to) accounts, (to) messages, (to) reasons, (to) doctrines
Notes: This word refers to words, sayings, accounts, or messages. It is the dative plural form of the noun 'logos', indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'by' or 'with' in English, depending on the context. It can refer to spoken or written words, a statement, a discourse, or even a divine utterance.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑΣΙΝ, ΕΠΕΣΙΝ, ΜΥΘΟΙΣ
G4190
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: po-nee-ROYS
Translations: evil, wicked, bad, malicious, harmful, diseased, miserable
Notes: This word describes something or someone as evil, wicked, or bad. It can refer to moral depravity, but also to something that is harmful, diseased, or miserable in a more general sense. It is often used to describe actions, people, or conditions that are detrimental or morally corrupt.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΙΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΙΣ, ΑΣΕΒΕΣΙΝ
G5396
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: phly-A-ron
Translations: of babbling, of talking nonsense, of prating, of speaking idly
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb meaning 'to babble' or 'to talk nonsense'. It describes someone who speaks idly, foolishly, or excessively without substance. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to describe the action of babbling.
Inflection: Present Active Participle, Genitive Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΛΥΑΡΙΑ
Etymology: The word ΦΛΥΑΡΕΩ (phlyareō) comes from φλύαρος (phlyaros), meaning 'babbling, talking nonsense', which itself is related to φλύω (phlyō), meaning 'to swell, bubble up'.
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G0714
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ar-koo-MEH-nos
Translations: being content, being sufficient, being satisfied, being enough, being pleased, being strong enough, being able
Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'arkéō'. It describes someone or something that is content, satisfied, or sufficient. It can also imply being strong enough or able to do something. In a sentence, it would function like an adjective or adverb, describing the state of the subject, often implying a state of self-sufficiency or acceptance.
Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: HIKANOS, PLEONAZŌ, EUDAOKEŌ
Etymology: The verb ἀρκέω (arkéō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to words meaning 'to ward off' or 'to suffice'. It has been used since ancient Greek times to convey the idea of being sufficient or content.
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEE
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to
Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.
G5124
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toys
Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ
G3777
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: OO-teh
Translations: neither, nor, and not
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to connect two or more negative clauses or phrases. It often appears in a correlative construction, meaning 'neither... nor'. For example, 'neither this nor that'. It emphasizes the complete absence or negation of all listed items.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕ
Etymology: From the negative particle οὐ (ou, 'not') and the enclitic conjunction τέ (te, 'and'). It literally means 'and not'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TOS
Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very
Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.
G1014
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: boo-LOH-meh-noos
Translations: wishing, desiring, intending, purposing, those wishing, those desiring, those intending
Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'βούλομαι', meaning 'to wish' or 'to desire'. It describes someone who is in the act of wishing or desiring something. In this form, it functions adjectivally or substantively, often translated as 'those wishing' or 'those desiring', depending on the context.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Accusative Case, Masculine or Feminine Gender, Plural Number
Synonyms: ΘΕΛΟΝΤΑΣ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΟΥΝΤΑΣ
G2967
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: KOH-loo-eh
Translations: hinders, prevents, forbids, restrains
Notes: This word means to hinder, prevent, or forbid something from happening. It describes an action that stops or impedes another action or person. It is often used in contexts where someone is trying to stop or prohibit an activity or a person's movement.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΜΠΟΔΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΑΠΟΚΩΛΥΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G1544
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ek-BAL-lei
Translations: he casts out, she casts out, it casts out, he throws out, she throws out, it throws out, he drives out, she drives out, it drives out, he sends out, she sends out, it sends out, he brings out, she brings out, it brings out, he puts out, she puts out, it puts out, he expels, she expels, it expels, he divorces, she divorces, it divorces
Notes: This word means to cast out, throw out, drive out, or send out. It can also mean to bring out, put out, or expel. In some contexts, it can specifically refer to divorcing someone. It is used to describe the action of removing something or someone from a place or situation, often with force or authority.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΒΑΛΛΩ, ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΞΩΘΕΩ
G3401
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: MEE-moo
Translations: imitate, follow, mimic
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to imitate, follow, or mimic. It can be used to describe someone copying the actions or behavior of another person. For example, one might be commanded to 'imitate' or 'follow' someone's good example.
Inflection: 2nd Person Singular, Present Tense, Middle or Passive Voice, Imperative Mood (command) or Indicative Mood (statement)
Synonyms: ΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΕΩ, ΖΗΛΟΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G2556
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: KAH-kon
Translations: evil, bad, harmful, wicked, a bad thing, an evil thing, a wrong, a misfortune, a disaster
Notes: This word describes something that is bad, evil, or harmful. It can refer to moral wickedness, physical harm, or general poor quality. When used as a substantive (like a noun), it refers to an evil thing, a wrong, or a misfortune. It can be used to describe actions, intentions, or conditions.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ
Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be pre-Greek or from an unknown root.
G0235
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: AL-lah
Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed
Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.
G0018
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ah-gah-THON
Translations: good, a good thing, benefit, advantage, what is good
Notes: This word describes something that is good, beneficial, or morally upright. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating its positive quality. As a neuter noun, it often refers to 'a good thing' or 'what is good' in a general sense, encompassing both moral excellence and practical benefit. It is frequently used to describe actions, outcomes, or qualities that are desirable or virtuous.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word originates from Proto-Indo-European, referring to something that is 'good' or 'noble'. It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.
G0015
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ah-gah-thoh-poy-OHN
Translations: doing good, doing what is good, well-doing, a well-doer
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'doing good' or 'one who does good'. It describes someone who performs good deeds or acts righteously. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun or as a substantive (a noun formed from a participle) referring to a person who does good.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative; or Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative; or Masculine, Plural, Genitive
Synonyms: ΕΥΠΟΙΩΝ, ΚΑΛΟΠΟΙΩΝ
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EK
Translations: out of, from, of
Notes: ἘΚ is a preposition meaning 'out of' or 'from,' indicating origin, source, or separation. It always governs the genitive case, meaning the noun or pronoun following it will be in the genitive form. It can also be used to express the cause or means by which something occurs.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΠΌ
Etymology: From a primary preposition, meaning 'out of' or 'from'. It is a fundamental word in Greek, indicating separation or origin.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tin
Translations: is, a is
Notes: This word is the third person singular present indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It means 'he is', 'she is', 'it is', or 'there is'. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being, often linking a subject to a predicate. It can also imply 'exists' or 'happens'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
G2554
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: kah-koh-poy-OHN
Translations: evildoer, one who does evil, malefactor, a wrongdoer
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'one who does evil' or 'an evildoer'. It describes someone who habitually or actively engages in bad actions. It is a compound word formed from 'κακός' (kakos), meaning 'bad' or 'evil', and 'ποιέω' (poieo), meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. Thus, it literally means 'one who does bad'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΑΜΑΡΤΩΛΟΣ, ΑΝΟΜΟΣ, ΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OOKH
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle, meaning "not" or "no." It is used to negate statements of fact or reality. It is a variant of οὐ (ou) and οὐκ (ouk), specifically used before words that begin with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂u- (negative particle). It is related to other negative particles in various Indo-European languages.
G3708
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-OH-rah-ken
Translations: has seen, saw, beheld, perceived
Notes: This word is a verb in the perfect tense, meaning 'to have seen' or 'to have perceived'. It describes an action of seeing or understanding that was completed in the past but has ongoing results or relevance in the present. It is used to indicate that someone has observed or understood something.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Singular, Perfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΕΙΔΟΝ, ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: theh-ON
Translations: God, a God
Notes: This word refers to God, a god, or a deity. It is used as the direct object in a sentence, indicating the recipient of an action or the one being referred to. For example, one might 'worship God' (where 'God' would be in the accusative case).
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ
G1216
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: day-MAY-tree-oh
Translations: (to) Demetrius, (for) Demetrius
Notes: This is the dative singular form of the proper noun 'Demetrius'. Demetrius is a common Greek personal name, meaning 'devoted to Demeter' (the goddess of agriculture). It is used to refer to a male individual named Demetrius, indicating the recipient or beneficiary of an action.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
G3140
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: meh-mar-too-REE-tai
Translations: has been testified, has been borne witness to, has been attested, has been given a good report
Notes: This word is a perfect passive indicative form of the verb 'μαρτυρέω' (martyreō), meaning 'to bear witness' or 'to testify'. In this form, it indicates an action that was completed in the past and has ongoing results, where the subject is the recipient of the action (it has been testified about). It implies that someone or something has received testimony or a good report.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Perfect, Passive, Indicative
Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΡΩ, ΕΠΙΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ, ΣΥΜΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TES
Translations: (of) her, her, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a form of the third-person pronoun 'autos'. It is used to refer to a singular feminine noun that has already been mentioned or is understood from the context. It indicates possession or is used after prepositions that require the genitive case. For example, it could mean 'her' (as in 'her house') or 'of her'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G225
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-lay-THAY-ahs
Translations: of truth, of reality, of sincerity, of verity
Notes: This word refers to the quality of being true, real, or sincere. It is often used to describe facts, reality, or moral uprightness. In a sentence, it typically functions as a possessive or descriptive element, indicating that something belongs to or is characterized by truth.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΕΙΑ, ΓΝΩΣΙΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣΥΝΗ
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G3140
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: mar-ty-ROO-men
Translations: we bear witness, we testify, we give evidence, we confirm
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to bear witness' or 'to testify'. It is used to describe the act of providing evidence or confirming a truth, often in a legal or formal context. It can also imply giving a good report or commendation about someone or something.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Active, First Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ, ΣΥΝΕΠΙΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΩ
G1492
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: OY-das
Translations: you know, you understand
Notes: This word means 'you know' or 'you understand'. It is a perfect tense verb form that is used with a present meaning, indicating a state of knowing or having knowledge. It is used when addressing a single person directly.
Inflection: 2nd Person, Singular, Perfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΕΠΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word ΟΙΔΑ (oida) is an ancient Greek perfect tense verb with a present meaning, meaning 'to know'. It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *weid-, meaning 'to see' or 'to know'.
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G3141
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: mar-too-REE-ah
Translations: testimony, witness, evidence, a testimony
Notes: This word refers to a testimony, witness, or evidence, often given in a legal or formal context. It can also refer to the act of bearing witness or providing proof. It is typically used to describe a statement or declaration that confirms or proves something.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΣ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΟΝ
Etymology: From the Greek word μάρτυς (martys), meaning 'witness'. It refers to the act or content of bearing witness.
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hay-MOHN
Translations: of us, our
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of us' or 'our'. It indicates possession or origin related to a group of speakers. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of us' or 'our house'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, First Person
G227
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-LAY-thays
Translations: true, real, truthful, genuine, a true, a real
Notes: This word describes something that is true, real, or genuine, as opposed to false, counterfeit, or imaginary. It can refer to a person who is truthful, a statement that is accurate, or a thing that is authentic. It is often used to emphasize the reality or validity of something.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΤΥΜΟΣ, ΓΝΗΣΙΟΣ, ΑΛΗΘΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: From ἀ- (a-, 'not') and λήθω (lēthō, 'to escape notice, be hidden'), meaning 'not hidden' or 'unconcealed'.
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: POL-lah
Translations: much, many, great, abundant, often, greatly, many things
Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, 'ΠΟΛΛΑ' typically functions as the neuter plural nominative or accusative, meaning 'many things' or 'much'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'often' or 'greatly'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or frequency.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (of the adjective ΠΟΛΥΣ); or Adverb
Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-khon
Translations: had, were having, possessed, held
Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It can be used to indicate possession, a state of being, or to describe an action that was happening over a period of time in the past. For example, 'they had' or 'they were holding'.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΤΩΜΑΙ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΑΙ
G1125
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: grap-SAI
Translations: to write, to have written, to record, to inscribe
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'γράφω' (graphō), meaning 'to write'. It is used to express the action of writing in a general sense, often as the object of another verb or preposition, indicating purpose or result. For example, it can mean 'to write' or 'to have written' something down.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΓΓΡΑΦΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΩ
G4771
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: SOY
Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you
Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G2309
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: THEH-loh
Translations: to wish, to want, to desire, to will, to intend, to be willing
Notes: This verb expresses a desire, intention, or willingness to do something. It can be used to indicate a strong personal wish or a divine will. It often takes an infinitive to complete its meaning, indicating what is wished or willed.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *gʷhelh₁- (to want, wish). It is related to the English word 'will' (as in 'free will').
G3189
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MEH-lah-nos
Translations: of black, of dark, of ink
Notes: This word describes something as black or dark in color. It can also refer to ink, as ink was typically black. It is used to indicate possession or origin, similar to saying 'of black' or 'belonging to blackness'. In the provided examples, it refers to 'ink' in the context of writing.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΣΚΟΤΕΙΝΟΣ, ΖΟΦΩΔΗΣ
G2563
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ka-la-MOO
Translations: of a reed, of a stalk, of a pen, of a measuring rod, of a cane
Notes: This word refers to a reed, stalk, or cane. It can also denote an object made from a reed, such as a pen for writing or a measuring rod. In the provided contexts, it appears to refer to writing implements (pens) and a unit of measurement (a rod or length of a reed). It is used here in the genitive case, indicating possession or relationship.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΑΝΩΝ, ΡΑΒΔΟΣ
G1125
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: grah-FEIN
Translations: to write, to draw, to engrave, to record
Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'graphō'. It means 'to write' or 'to draw'. It can be used in various contexts, such as writing letters, recording events, or even drawing pictures. It often implies the act of producing text or images on a surface.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΓΓΡΑΦΩ, ΑΝΑΓΡΑΦΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΩ
G1679
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: el-PI-zoh
Translations: hope, expect, trust, believe
Notes: This verb means to hope, to expect, or to trust. It describes the act of looking forward to something with anticipation, often with a sense of confidence or reliance. It can be used to express a general hope for the future or a specific expectation regarding an event or person.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ, ΠΕΠΟΙΘΑ
Etymology: The word ἘΛΠΙΖΩ comes from the noun ἘΛΠΙΣ (elpis), meaning 'hope'. It is related to the concept of longing or looking forward to something.
G2112
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: yoo-THEH-ohss
Translations: immediately, at once, straightway, forthwith
Notes: This word means 'immediately' or 'at once'. It is used to indicate that an action or event happens without delay, right after something else has occurred or been said. It emphasizes promptness and quickness.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΧΡΗΜΑ, ΑΥ̓ΤΙΚΑ
Etymology: From the adjective ΕΥ̓ΘΥΣ (euthys), meaning 'straight' or 'direct'. The adverbial form indicates a direct or immediate action.
G3708
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-DEIN
Translations: to see, to perceive, to behold, to look, to know, to understand
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'ὁράω' (horao), meaning 'to see'. It is used to express the action of seeing or perceiving in a general sense, often without a specific time frame. It can also imply understanding or knowing something through observation. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He desired to see the truth' or 'It is good to see the light'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΕΠΙΒΛΕΠΩ
Etymology: The verb 'ὁράω' (horao) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to see'. The aorist stem 'ἰδ-' (id-) is derived from a different, but related, Proto-Indo-European root, which also means 'to see' or 'to know'.
G4750
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: STOH-mah
Translations: mouth, an mouth, opening, edge, speech, utterance
Notes: This word refers to the mouth of a person or animal. It can also metaphorically refer to an opening or entrance, such as the mouth of a river or a cave. Furthermore, it is often used to denote speech, utterance, or the edge of a sword or other sharp object, implying the 'cutting' or 'speaking' part. It is a neuter noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΣΤΟΜΑΤΟΣ, ΣΤΟΜΑΤΙ, ΣΤΟΜΑΤΑ
Etymology: From an ancient root meaning 'mouth' or 'opening'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages with similar meanings.
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G2980
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: lah-lee-SOH-men
Translations: we will speak, we will say, we will talk
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to speak' or 'to say'. ΛΑΛΗΣΟΜΕΝ is the first person plural future indicative active form, meaning 'we will speak' or 'we will say'. It describes an action of speaking that will happen in the future, often referring to a direct verbal communication.
Inflection: First Person Plural, Future Indicative, Active Voice
Synonyms: ΕΡΩ, ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΩΝΕΩ
Etymology: The word ΛΑΛΕΩ is of imitative origin, likely derived from the sound of babbling or chattering. It is an onomatopoeic word that developed to mean 'to speak' or 'to talk'.
G1515
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: i-RAY-nay
Translations: peace, a peace
Notes: This word refers to a state of tranquility, harmony, and well-being. It can denote an absence of conflict, a sense of inner calm, or a state of reconciliation. It is often used in contexts of spiritual peace or a peaceful relationship between individuals or nations.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΑΛΗΝΗ, ΗΣΥΧΙΑ
Etymology: From a primary verb εἴρω (eirō), meaning 'to join'. The word originally conveyed the idea of binding together or joining, leading to the concept of unity and harmony, and thus peace.
G0782
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ahs-PAH-zon-tai
Translations: they greet, they salute, they embrace
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to greet', 'to salute', or 'to embrace'. It is often used to convey greetings from one person or group to another, indicating a friendly or respectful salutation. It is commonly found in letters or narratives where people are sending their regards.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΕΤΕ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ
G5384
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: FEE-loy
Translations: friends, a friend, friendly
Notes: This word refers to a friend or someone who is friendly. It is used to describe a close companion or an ally. In the provided examples, it consistently refers to a group of friends or associates.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΤΑΙΡΟΙ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΙ, ΣΥΝΤΡΟΦΟΙ
G0782
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ahs-PAH-zoo
Translations: greet, salute, embrace, welcome
Notes: This word means to greet, salute, or embrace someone. It is often used as an imperative, commanding someone to offer a greeting or welcome. It can also imply a warm welcome or a farewell.
Inflection: Singular, Second Person, Present Tense, Middle Voice, Imperative Mood
Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ
G5384
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: fee-LOOS
Translations: friends, beloved ones, dear ones, beloved, dear
Notes: This word can function as a noun meaning 'friend' or 'beloved one', or as an adjective meaning 'dear' or 'beloved'. It is used to refer to individuals or groups who are cherished, loved, or closely associated with someone. In the provided examples, it consistently refers to 'friends' or 'beloved ones' in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of an action.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΤΑΙΡΟΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ
G2596
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Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition
Sounds like: KAT
Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during
Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.
G3686
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: O-no-MA
Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority
Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or even authority, as a name often represents the person or entity itself. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive; Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥. It is cognate with Latin nōmen and English name.
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