Song of Solomon Chapter 1, Interlinear version from Swete's Recension of the Greek Septuagint (Beta)

Song of Solomon, Chapter 1

Interlinear version from Swete's Recension of the Greek Septuagint (Beta)

1:1
1:2
1:3
1:4
1:5
1:6
1:7
1:8
1:9
1:10
1:11
1:12
1:13
1:14
1:15
1:16
1:17

1:1

ΑΣΜΑ
- ASMA
- song
ἈΣΜΑΤΩΝ
- ASMATŌN
- of-songs
Ο
- O
- the
ἘΣΤΙΝ
- ESTIN
- is
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to
ΣΑΛΩΜΩΝ
- SALŌMŌN
- Solomon

1:2

ΦΙΛΗΣΑΤΩ
- PHILĒSATŌ
- let-him-kiss
ΜΕ
- ME
- me
ἈΠΟ
- APO
- from
ΦΙΛΗΜΑΤΩΝ
- PHILĒMATŌN
- kisses
ΣΤΟΜΑΤΟΣ
- STOMATOS
- of-mouth
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ
- AUTOU
- of-him
ΟΤΙ
- OTI
- because
ἈΓΑΘΟΙ
- AGATHOI
- good
ΜΑΣΤΟΙ
- MASTOI
- breasts
ΣΟΥ
- SOU
- of-you
ΥΠΕΡ
- YPER
- beyond
ΟἸΝΟΝ
- OINON
- wine

1:3

ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ὈΣΜΗ
- OSMĒ
- scent
ΜΥΡΩΝ
- MYRŌN
- of-ointments
ΣΟΥ
- SOU
- your
ΥΠΕΡ
- YPER
- beyond
ΠΑΝΤΑ
- PANTA
- all
ΤΑ
- TA
- the
ἈΡΩΜΑΤΑ
- ARŌMATA
- spices
ΜΥΡΟΝ
- MYRON
- ointment
ἘΚΚΕΝΩΘΕΝ
- EKKENŌTHEN
- poured-out
ὈΝΟΜΑ
- ONOMA
- name
ΣΟΥ
- SOU
- your
ΔΙΑ
- DIA
- because-of
ΤΟΥΤΟ
- TOUTO
- this
ΝΕΑΝΙΔΕΣ
- NEANIDES
- young-women
ἨΓΑΠΗΣΑΝ
- ĒGAPĒSAN
- loved
ΣΕ
- SE
- you

1:4

ΕΙΛΚΥΣΑΝ
- EILKYSAN
- they-drew
ΣΕ
- SE
- you
ὈΠΙΣΩ
- OPISŌ
- behind
ΣΟΥ
- SOU
- you
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- into
ὈΣΜΗΝ
- OSMĒN
- [a]-fragrance
ΜΥΡΩΝ
- MYRŌN
- of-myrrh
ΣΟΥ
- SOU
- your
ΔΡΑΜΟΥΜΕΝ
- DRAMOUMEN
- we-will-run
ΕἸΣΗΝΕΓΚΕΝ
- EISĒNEGKEN
- he-brought
ΜΕ
- ME
- me
Ο
- O
- the
ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ
- BASILEUS
- king
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- into
ΤΟ
- TO
- the
ΤΑΜΕΙΟΝ
- TAMEION
- storeroom
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ
- AUTOU
- his
ἈΓΑΛΛΙΑΣΩΜΕΘΑ
- AGALLIASŌMETHA
- let-us-rejoice
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΕΥ̓ΦΡΑΝΘΩΜΕΝ
- EUPHRANTHŌMEN
- let-us-be-glad
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΣΟΙ
- SOI
- you
ἈΓΑΠΗΣΟΜΕΝ
- AGAPĒSOMEN
- we-will-love
ΜΑΣΤΟΥΣ
- MASTOUS
- breasts
ΣΟΥ
- SOU
- your
ΥΠΕΡ
- YPER
- more-than
ΟἸΝΟΝ
- OINON
- wine
ΕΥ̓ΘΥΤΗΣ
- EUTHYTĒS
- uprightness
ἨΓΑΠΗΣΕΝ
- ĒGAPĒSEN
- loved
ΣΕ
- SE
- you

1:5

ΜΕΛΑΙΝΑ
- MELAINA
- dark
ΕἸΜΙ
- EIMI
- I-am
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΚΑΛΗ
- KALĒ
- beautiful
ΘΥΓΑΤΕΡΕΣ
- THYGATERES
- daughters
ἸΣΡΑΗΛ
- ISRAĒL
- Israel
ΩΣ
- ŌS
- like
ΣΚΗΝΩΜΑΤΑ
- SKĒNŌMATA
- tents
ΚΗΔΑΡ
- KĒDAR
- Kedar
ΩΣ
- ŌS
- like
ΔΕΡΡΙΣ
- DERHRIS
- curtains
ΣΑΛΩΜΩΝ
- SALŌMŌN
- Solomon

1:6

ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ΒΛΕΨΗΤΕ
- BLEPSĒTE
- look-at
ΜΕ
- ME
- me
ΟΤΙ
- OTI
- because
ἘΓΩ
- EGŌ
- I
ΕἸΜΙ
- EIMI
- am
ΜΕΜΕΛΑΝΩΜΕΝΗ
- MEMELANŌMENĒ
- darkened
ΟΤΙ
- OTI
- because
ΠΑΡΕΒΛΕΨΕΝ
- PAREBLEPSEN
- looked-at
ΜΕ
- ME
- me
Ο
- O
- the
ΗΛΙΟΣ
- ĒLIOS
- sun
ΥΙΟΙ
- UIOI
- sons
ΜΗΤΡΟΣ
- MĒTROS
- of-mother
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- my
ἘΜΑΧΕΣΑΝΤΟ
- EMACHESANTO
- fought
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ἘΜΟΙ
- EMOI
- me
ἘΘΕΝΤΟ
- ETHENTO
- they-made
ΜΕ
- ME
- me
ΦΥΛΑΚΙΣΣΑΝ
- PHYLAKISSAN
- keeper
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ἈΜΠΕΛΩΣΙΝ
- AMPELŌSIN
- vineyards
ἈΜΠΕΛΩΝΑ
- AMPELŌNA
- vineyard
ἘΜΟΝ
- EMON
- my
ΟΥ̓Κ
- OUK
- not
ἘΦΥΛΑΞΑ
- EPHYLAXA
- I-kept

1:7

ἈΠΑΓΓΕΙΛΟΝ
- APAGGEILON
- tell
ΜΟΙ
- MOI
- to-me
ΟΝ
- ON
- whom
ἨΓΑΠΗΣΕΝ
- ĒGAPĒSEN
- loved
Η
- Ē
- the
ΨΥΧΗ
- PSYCHĒ
- inner-person
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- of-me
ΠΟΥ
- POU
- where
ΠΟΙΜΑΙΝΕΙΣ
- POIMAINEIS
- you-shepherd
ΠΟΥ
- POU
- where
ΚΟΙΤΑΖΕΙΣ
- KOITAZEIS
- you-rest
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΜΕΣΗΜΒΡΙΑ
- MESĒMBRIA
- midday
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- lest
ΠΟΤΕ
- POTE
- ever
ΓΕΝΩΜΑΙ
- GENŌMAI
- I-become
ΩΣ
- ŌS
- as
ΠΕΡΙΒΑΛΛΟΜΕΝΗ
- PERIBALLOMENĒ
- one-covered
ἘΠ'
- EP'
- upon
ἈΓΕΛΑΣ
- AGELAS
- flocks
ΕΤΑΙΡΩΝ
- ETAIRŌN
- of-companions
ΣΟΥ
- SOU
- of-you

1:8

ἘΑΝ
- EAN
- if
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ΓΝΩΣ
- GNŌS
- you-know
ΣΕΑΥΤΗΝ
- SEAUTĒN
- yourself
Η
- Ē
- O
ΚΑΛΗ
- KALĒ
- beautiful-one
ἘΝ
- EN
- among
ΓΥΝΑΙΞΙΝ
- GYNAIXIN
- women
ἘΞΕΛΘΕ
- EXELTHE
- go-out
ΣΥ
- SY
- you
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΠΤΕΡΝΑΙΣ
- PTERNAIS
- footsteps
ΤΩΝ
- TŌN
- of-the
ΠΟΙΜΝΙΩΝ
- POIMNIŌN
- flocks
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΠΟΙΜΑΙΝΕ
- POIMAINE
- shepherd
ΤΑΣ
- TAS
- the
ἘΡΙΦΟΥΣ
- ERIPHOUS
- young-goats
ΣΟΥ
- SOU
- of-you
ἘΠΙ
- EPI
- by
ΣΚΗΝΩΜΑΣΙΝ
- SKĒNŌMASIN
- dwellings
ΤΩΝ
- TŌN
- of-the
ΠΟΙΜΕΝΩΝ
- POIMENŌN
- shepherds

1:9

ΤΗ
- TĒ
- to-the
ΙΠΠΩ
- IPPŌ
- mare
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- my
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΑΡΜΑΣΙΝ
- ARMASIN
- chariots
ΦΑΡΑΩ
- PHARAŌ
- Pharaoh
ΩΜΟΙΩΣΑ
- ŌMOIŌSA
- I-compared
ΣΕ
- SE
- you
Η
- Ē
- the
ΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ
- PLĒSION
- neighbor
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- my

1:10

ΤΙ
- TI
- how
ΩΡΑΙΩΘΗΣΑΝ
- ŌRAIŌTHĒSAN
- were-made-beautiful
ΣΙΑΓΟΝΕΣ
- SIAGONES
- cheeks
ΣΟΥ
- SOU
- your
ΩΣ
- ŌS
- like
ΤΡΥΓΟΝΕΣ
- TRYGONES
- turtledoves
ΤΡΑΧΗΛΟΣ
- TRACHĒLOS
- neck
ΣΟΥ
- SOU
- your
ΩΣ
- ŌS
- like
ΟΡΜΙΣΚΟΙ
- ORMISKOI
- necklaces

1:11

ΟΜΟΙΩΜΑΤΑ
- OMOIŌMATA
- likenesses
ΧΡΥΣΙΟΥ
- CHRYSIOU
- of-gold
ΠΟΙΗΣΟΜΕΝ
- POIĒSOMEN
- we-will-make
ΣΟΙ
- SOI
- for-you
ΜΕΤΑ
- META
- with
ΣΤΙΓΜΑΤΩΝ
- STIGMATŌN
- marks
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- of-the
ἈΡΓΥΡΙΟΥ
- ARGYRIOU
- silver

1:12

ΕΩΣ
- EŌS
- UNTIL
ΟΥ
- OU
- WHICH
Ο
- O
- THE
ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ
- BASILEUS
- KING
ἘΝ
- EN
- IN
ἈΝΑΚΛΙΣΕΙ
- ANAKLISEI
- his-reclining
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ
- AUTOU
- HIS
ΝΑΡΔΟΣ
- NARDOS
- NARD
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- MY
ἘΔΩΚΕΝ
- EDŌKEN
- GAVE
ὈΣΜΗΝ
- OSMĒN
- FRAGRANCE
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ
- AUTOU
- ITS

1:13

ἈΠΟΔΕΣΜΟΣ
- APODESMOS
- binding-up
ΤΗΣ
- TĒS
- of-the
ΣΤΑΚΤΗΣ
- STAKTĒS
- of-myrrh
ἈΔΕΛΦΙΔΟΣ
- ADELPHIDOS
- of-sister
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- my
ἘΜΟΙ
- EMOI
- to-me

1:14

ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ἈΜΠΕΛΩΣΙΝ
- AMPELŌSIN
- vineyards
ἘΝΓΑΔΔΕΙ
- ENGADDEI
- En-Gedi

1:15

ἸΔΟΥ
- IDOU
- behold
ΕἸ
- EI
- you-are
ΚΑΛΗ
- KALĒ
- beautiful
Η
- Ē
- the
ΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ
- PLĒSION
- neighbor
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- of-me
ἸΔΟΥ
- IDOU
- behold
ΕἸ
- EI
- you-are
ΚΑΛΗ
- KALĒ
- beautiful
ὈΦΘΑΛΜΟΙ
- OPHTHALMOI
- eyes
ΣΟΥ
- SOU
- of-you
ΠΕΡΙΣΤΕΡΑΙ
- PERISTERAI
- doves

1:16

ἸΔΟΥ
- IDOU
- behold
ΕἸ
- EI
- if
ΚΑΛΟΣ
- KALOS
- beautiful
ἈΔΕΛΦΙΔΟΣ
- ADELPHIDOS
- brother
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- my
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΓΕ
- GE
- indeed
ΩΡΑΙΟΣ
- ŌRAIOS
- handsome
ΠΡΟΣ
- PROS
- near
ΚΛΙΝΗ
- KLINĒ
- bed
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- our
ΣΥΣΚΙΟΣ
- SYSKIOS
- shady

1:17

ΔΟΚΟΙ
- DOKOI
- beams
ΟἸΚΩΝ
- OIKŌN
- of-houses
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- of-us
ΚΕΔΡΟΙ
- KEDROI
- cedars
ΦΑΤΝΩΜΑΤΑ
- PHATNŌMATA
- rafters
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- of-us
ΚΥΠΑΡΙΣΣΟΙ
- KYPARISSOI
- cypresses

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G4672

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: sah-loh-MOHN

Translations: Solomon

Notes: This is the name of King Solomon, the son of David and Bathsheba, who succeeded his father as king of Israel. He is renowned for his wisdom, wealth, and the construction of the First Temple in Jerusalem. The word is used to refer specifically to this historical figure.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Etymology: The Greek name Σαλωμών (Salōmōn) is a transliteration of the Hebrew name שְׁלֹמֹה (Shelomoh), which is derived from the Hebrew root שָׁלֹם (shalom), meaning 'peace'. Thus, Solomon's name is often interpreted as 'peaceful' or 'man of peace'.

G4750

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: STOH-mah-tos

Translations: mouth, a mouth, (of) mouth, (of) a mouth

Notes: This word refers to the mouth, either literally as a part of the body (of humans or animals) or metaphorically as the source of speech, utterance, or command. It is often used in contexts related to speaking, declaring, or consuming.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΧΕΙΛΟΣ, ΦΩΝΗ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΟΜΑ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *stom-n-, meaning 'mouth'. It is related to words for mouth in other Indo-European languages.

G3754

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G5228

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-PER

Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than

Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G0758

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-ROH-mah-tah

Translations: spices, perfumes, aromatics

Notes: This word refers to fragrant substances, such as spices, perfumes, or aromatic oils. It is typically used in the plural to denote a collection of such items, often for anointing, embalming, or for their pleasant scent.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΥΡΟΝ, ΘΥΜΙΑΜΑ

Etymology: From the Greek verb ἀρόω (aroō), meaning 'to plow' or 'to cultivate', referring to something grown or cultivated for its scent. It is related to the idea of something 'aromatic' or 'fragrant'.

G3464

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MOO-ron

Translations: ointment, an ointment, perfume, a perfume, myrrh

Notes: This word refers to a fragrant oil, ointment, or perfume, often made from myrrh or other aromatic substances. It was commonly used for anointing, for medicinal purposes, for burial preparations, or simply as a pleasant fragrance.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΛΑΙΟΝ, ΑΡΩΜΑ

Etymology: The word "μύρον" is of Semitic origin, likely related to the Hebrew word "mor" (מֹר), meaning myrrh. It entered Greek through trade and cultural exchange.

G1795

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ek-keh-NOH-then

Translations: emptied out, poured out, made empty, having been emptied out, having been poured out

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb κενόω (kenoō), meaning 'to empty'. Therefore, it means 'to empty out completely' or 'to pour out'. As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed, often translated as 'having been emptied' or 'having been poured out'. It can be used to describe something that has been completely drained or divested of its contents or essence.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΚΕΝΟΩ, ΕΚΧΕΩ

Etymology: The verb ἐκκενόω (ekkenoō) is derived from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb κενόω (kenoō), meaning 'to empty'. Κενόω itself comes from κενός (kenos), meaning 'empty'.

G3686

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: O-no-MA

Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority

Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or even authority, as a name often represents the person or entity itself. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive; Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥. It is cognate with Latin nōmen and English name.

G1223

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G3778

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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G3694

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: O-PI-so

Translations: behind, after, back, backward, afterwards

Notes: This word functions as an adverb meaning 'behind' or 'backwards', indicating direction or position. It can also be used as a preposition, typically with the genitive case, to mean 'behind' or 'after' in terms of place or time. For example, it can refer to following someone or something, or to events that occur later.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΙΣΘΕΝ, ΚΑΤΟΠΙΣΘΕΝ

Etymology: This word is derived from the Greek root *ὀπίς (opis), meaning 'back' or 'behind'.

G1519

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G1533

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eis-AY-nenk-en

Translations: brought in, carried in, led into, introduced

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition ΕἸΣ (eis, 'into') and the verb ΦΕΡΩ (pherō, 'to bear, carry'). It means to bring or carry something into a place, or to lead someone into a place. It can also mean to introduce something or someone. It is used in the past tense, indicating an action that was completed.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΙΣΑΓΩ, ΕΙΣΚΟΜΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΙΣΦΕΡΩ is a compound of the preposition ΕἸΣ (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the verb ΦΕΡΩ (pherō), meaning 'to bear', 'to carry', or 'to bring'. The verb ΦΕΡΩ itself derives from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to carry' or 'to bear'.

G0935

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-see-LEHFS

Translations: king, a king, ruler, sovereign

Notes: This word refers to a king or a ruler, someone who holds supreme authority over a territory or people. It is commonly used to denote a monarch or sovereign. In a sentence, it would function as a noun, often as the subject or object, indicating the person in power.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to a word meaning 'base' or 'foundation', suggesting one who stands at the foundation of power or authority. It has been used since ancient Greek times to refer to a monarch.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G5009

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TA-mee-on

Translations: storehouse, a storehouse, treasury, a treasury, inner room, a inner room, chamber, a chamber, secret chamber, a secret chamber

Notes: This word refers to a storage place, such as a storehouse or treasury, where valuables or provisions are kept. It can also denote a private or inner room, a secluded chamber within a house, often used for privacy or for storing things. It is used in contexts where one might go to be alone or to access stored items.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΘΗΣΑΥΡΟΣ, ΟΙΚΟΣ, ΚΟΙΤΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΤΑΜΕΙΟΝ (tameion) is derived from the verb ΤΑΜΙΕΥΩ (tamieúō), meaning 'to manage a household, to dispense, to store'. It refers to a place where things are managed or stored.

G0021

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-gal-lee-AH-so-meth-ah

Translations: let us rejoice, let us exult, let us be overjoyed

Notes: This word means to rejoice greatly, to exult, or to be overjoyed. It is often used in a religious context to express spiritual joy or triumph. It implies a demonstrative and exuberant expression of happiness, often in response to a divine act or blessing. It is used here in the subjunctive mood, indicating a hortatory sense, meaning 'let us rejoice'.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Aorist, Subjunctive, Middle Voice

Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΩ, ΕΥΦΡΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: From ἀγαλλίασις (agalliasis, 'exultation, joy') and ultimately from ἀγάλλομαι (agallomai, 'to rejoice, to glorify').

G1722

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G4771

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: SOY

Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you

Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.

G1510

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-MEE

Translations: I am, to be, exist, happen

Notes: This is the Koine Greek verb 'to be', 'to exist', or 'to happen'. It is a fundamental and highly irregular verb, often used as a copula (a linking verb) to connect the subject of a sentence to a predicate noun or adjective, indicating identity or a state of being. It can also indicate existence or occurrence. For example, 'Ἐγὼ εἰμι' translates to 'I am'.

Inflection: First person singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: This verb is one of the oldest and most fundamental verbs in the Greek language, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages.

G2474

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: Iss-rah-AYL

Translations: Israel

Notes: This word refers to Israel, which can denote the patriarch Jacob (who was renamed Israel), the nation descended from him, or the land occupied by that nation. It is used to refer to the people of God, the twelve tribes, or the northern kingdom of Israel as distinct from Judah. It is often used in contexts referring to the history, covenant, and identity of God's chosen people.

Inflection: Indeclinable

Etymology: The word is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'God strives' or 'he strives with God'. It was the new name given to Jacob after he wrestled with God (Genesis 32:28).

G5613

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G3361

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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G1473

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-GOH

Translations: I, me

Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.

G3186

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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: meh-meh-lah-NOH-meh-nee

Translations: blackened, made black, darkened, sunburnt, a blackened one, a sunburnt one

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been blackened' or 'having been made black'. It describes something or someone that has undergone the process of becoming black or dark. It can be used to describe a person who is sunburnt or dark-skinned due to exposure to the sun, or an object that has been stained or discolored to black. It functions like an adjective in a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Perfect, Passive, Feminine, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΜΕΛΑΙΝΑ, ΣΚΟΤΕΙΝΗ

G5087

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EH-then-toh

Translations: they placed, they put, they laid, they made, they appointed

Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist indicative middle or passive form of the verb 'τίθημι' (tithemi). It means 'they placed,' 'they put,' 'they laid,' 'they made,' or 'they appointed.' It describes an action completed in the past by a group of people, often with the sense of setting something down, establishing something, or designating someone for a role.

Inflection: Third person plural, Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive

Synonyms: ΕΘΗΚΑΝ, ΕΒΑΛΟΝ, ΕΠΟΙΗΣΑΝ

G3756

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G3588, G3739, G2228

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G5590

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: Ps-oo-KHEE

Translations: soul, life, mind, heart, a soul, a life

Notes: This word refers to the soul, the animating principle of a human or animal, often considered the seat of emotions, desires, and affections. It can also denote life itself, the individual person, or the mind/inner self. It is used in various contexts to refer to the breath of life, the spiritual part of a human being, or simply one's existence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΝΕΥΜΑ, ΖΩΗ, ΚΑΡΔΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb ψύχω (psychō), meaning 'to breathe' or 'to blow', referring to the breath as the principle of life. It is related to the concept of breath as the essence of life.

G4165

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: POY-mah-nays

Translations: you shepherd, you tend, you rule, you guide

Notes: This word describes the action of a shepherd, meaning to feed, tend, or guard a flock of sheep. Metaphorically, it is used to describe the act of ruling, guiding, or caring for people, often in a leadership capacity, such as a king or a spiritual leader. It implies providing sustenance, protection, and direction.

Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΒΟΣΚΩ, ΝΕΜΩ

Etymology: From the noun ποιμήν (poimēn), meaning 'shepherd'.

G3313

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: meh-seem-BREE-ah

Translations: midday, a midday, noon, a noon, south, the south

Notes: This word is a compound noun meaning 'midday' or 'noon'. It literally refers to the middle of the day. Because the sun is at its highest point at midday, and in the Northern Hemisphere this is generally to the south, the word can also refer to the 'south' or 'southern region'. It is formed from the words ΜΕΣΟΣ (MESOS), meaning 'middle', and ΗΜΕΡΑ (HEMERA), meaning 'day'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΕΣΟΝΥΚΤΙΟΝ, ΝΟΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΕΣΗΜΒΡΙΑ is a compound of two Greek words: ΜΕΣΟΣ (MESOS), meaning 'middle', and ΗΜΕΡΑ (HEMERA), meaning 'day'. It literally translates to 'middle of the day'.

G4218

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: PO-teh

Translations: at some time, ever, once, formerly, when, at any time, sometime

Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates a point in time, often indefinite. It can mean 'at some time' or 'ever,' referring to an unspecified past or future moment. It can also mean 'once' or 'formerly' when referring to a past event. In interrogative contexts, it means 'when?'. It is used to ask about or state the timing of an action or event.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΟΤΕΡΟΝ, ΠΟΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the interrogative stem *po- (related to 'who,' 'what') combined with the temporal suffix -te. It refers to an indefinite point in time.

G4016

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: peh-ree-bal-LOH-meh-nee

Translations: clothed, dressed, surrounded, encompassed

Notes: This word is a present middle or passive participle, meaning 'being clothed,' 'being dressed,' 'being surrounded,' or 'being encompassed.' It describes someone or something that is in the process of being covered or encircled. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can also be used substantively (as a noun) to refer to 'the one who is clothed' or 'the one who is surrounded.'

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Participle, Feminine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΥΩ, ΚΥΚΛΟΩ

Etymology: The word ΠΕΡΙΒΑΛΛΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΠΕΡΙ (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about,' and the verb ΒΑΛΛΩ (ballo), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast.' Thus, it literally means 'to throw around' or 'to cast around,' leading to the sense of surrounding, clothing, or encompassing.

G1909

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

G0034

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-geh-LAS

Translations: of a herd, of a flock, herds, flocks

Notes: This word refers to a group of animals, such as a herd of cattle or a flock of sheep. It is used to describe a collection of animals that are kept or move together. In the provided examples, it refers to groups of animals associated with shepherds.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine or Plural, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΜΝΗ, ΒΟΥΚΟΛΙΟΝ

Etymology: From the Greek verb ἀγείρω (ageirō), meaning "to gather" or "to collect," referring to a collection of animals.

G2083

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-tai-RON

Translations: of companions, of friends, of associates

Notes: This word refers to companions, friends, or associates. It is used to describe people who are part of a group or who share a common activity or purpose. In the provided examples, it appears in contexts involving drinking companions or those engaging in revelry.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΟΔΟΙ, ΦΙΛΟΙ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΙ

Etymology: The word ΕΤΑΙΡΟΣ (hetairos) is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *swe- (meaning 'self' or 'one's own'), indicating a close relationship or belonging to one's own group.

G1437

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-AHN

Translations: if, when, whenever, although

Notes: ἘΑΝ is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It typically takes the subjunctive mood, indicating a condition that is possible, probable, or hypothetical. It can be translated as 'if', 'when', or 'whenever', depending on the nuance of the condition, and sometimes 'although' in concessive clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ, ὍΤΑΝ

Etymology: ἘΑΝ is a contraction of the conditional particle εἰ (ei, 'if') and the modal particle ἄν (an), which adds a sense of contingency or possibility to the condition.

G1108

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Part of Speech: Noun, Verb

Sounds like: GNOHS

Translations: knowledge, a knowledge, understanding, a knowing, to know, to understand

Notes: This word functions as a root or stem from which various forms of the verb 'to know' and the noun 'knowledge' are derived. It refers to the act of knowing, understanding, or perceiving something, and also to the state of having knowledge or understanding. It is often used in contexts of intellectual or spiritual comprehension.

Inflection: This is a root/stem form and does not inflect on its own. It forms the basis for various inflected verbs and nouns.

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΓΝΩΣΙΣ, ΣΥΝΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (to know). It is related to the English word 'know' and Latin 'gnoscere'.

G4572

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Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: seh-ow-TEEN

Translations: yourself

Notes: This is a reflexive pronoun, meaning 'yourself'. It is a compound word formed from the second person pronoun 'σύ' (you) and the intensive pronoun 'αὐτός' (self). It is used when the action of the verb is directed back to the subject of the sentence. For example, 'You see yourself'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΕΑΥΤΟΝ, ΣΕΑΥΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word 'σεαυτοῦ' is a compound of the second person pronoun 'σύ' (you) and the intensive pronoun 'αὐτός' (self).

G4165

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: poy-MAI-neh

Translations: shepherd, tend, feed, rule, govern

Notes: This word means to act as a shepherd, which includes feeding, tending, and protecting a flock. Figuratively, it is used to describe the act of ruling, governing, or caring for people, often in a leadership capacity. It implies providing guidance and sustenance.

Inflection: Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΒΟΣΚΩ, ΝΕΜΩ, ΚΥΒΕΡΝΩ

Etymology: The word ποιμαίνω (poimainō) derives from the noun ποιμήν (poimēn), meaning 'shepherd'. It is related to the concept of tending or pasturing animals.

G1909

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G4638

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: skay-NOH-mah-sin

Translations: to tents, to tabernacles, to dwellings, tents, tabernacles, dwellings

Notes: This word refers to a tent, a tabernacle, or a dwelling place, often implying a temporary or portable structure. It can be used to describe physical shelters or, metaphorically, a temporary abode or body. In a sentence, it would indicate the location or recipient of an action, such as 'they went to the tents' or 'he lived in dwellings'.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΣΚΗΝΗ, ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΜΑ

Etymology: The word ΣΚΗΝΩΜΑ (skēnōma) is derived from the verb σκηνόω (skēnoō), meaning 'to pitch a tent, to dwell', which itself comes from σκηνή (skēnē), meaning 'tent, booth'. It refers to a dwelling or tabernacle, emphasizing its temporary nature.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G5328

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: fah-rah-OH

Translations: Pharaoh

Notes: This word refers to the title of the ancient Egyptian kings. It is used to denote the ruler of Egypt, particularly in the context of the Old Testament and New Testament narratives, such as the Exodus story. It is indeclinable, meaning its form does not change regardless of its grammatical function in a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Indeclinable

Etymology: The word Φαραώ (Pharaō) is a transliteration of the Hebrew פַּרְעֹה (parʿōh), which itself comes from the Egyptian pr-ꜥꜣ, meaning 'great house' or 'palace'. This term eventually became a title for the king.

G4139

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-see-on

Translations: near, nearby, neighbor, a neighbor, one's neighbor

Notes: This word primarily functions as an adverb meaning 'near' or 'nearby', indicating proximity in space or time. It can also be used substantively as a noun, typically in the neuter singular, to refer to 'one's neighbor' or 'the person next to you'. When used as a noun, it often refers to a fellow human being, emphasizing a relationship of proximity or community.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an adverb); Neuter, Singular (when used substantively as a noun)

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΥΣ, ΠΑΡΑΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ

G5101

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G5611

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ho-ra-ee-OH-thay-san

Translations: they were made beautiful, they were made lovely, they were made fair, they were adorned

Notes: This word describes something or someone being made beautiful, lovely, or fair. It implies a transformation or a state of being adorned and made pleasing to the eye. It is often used in a passive sense, indicating that the subject received the action of being made beautiful.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΛΥΝΩ, ΚΟΣΜΕΩ, ΕΥΠΡΕΠΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word ὡραιόω (horaióō) is derived from ὡραῖος (horaîos), meaning 'beautiful, timely, seasonable', which in turn comes from ὥρα (hōra), meaning 'time, season, hour'. The verb thus means 'to make timely' or 'to make beautiful'.

G5137

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: tra-KHEE-los

Translations: neck, a neck, throat, a throat

Notes: This word refers to the neck or throat of a person or animal. It is often used literally to describe a physical part of the body. In some contexts, particularly in the Septuagint and New Testament, it can be used metaphorically to describe stubbornness or resistance, as in 'stiff-necked' (σκληροτράχηλος).

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΡΗ, ΦΑΡΥΓΞ

Etymology: The word ΤΡΑΧΗΛΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Greek word τραχύς (trachys), meaning 'rough' or 'harsh', perhaps referring to the rough or prominent part of the neck.

G3797

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hor-MIS-koy

Translations: necklace, a necklace, chain, a chain

Notes: This word refers to a necklace or a chain, typically worn around the neck as an ornament. It is used to describe decorative items, often made of precious materials, that adorn the body.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΔΕΡΑΙΟΝ, ΚΟΣΜΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word ὅρμος (hormos), meaning 'a chain, necklace', which itself is related to ὅρμος (hormos) meaning 'a roadstead, anchorage', possibly due to the idea of something being 'fastened' or 'linked'.

G3667

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ho-moy-O-ma-ta

Translations: likenesses, a likeness, images, an image, forms, a form, resemblances, a resemblance, copies, a copy

Notes: This word refers to something that resembles or is similar to another thing. It can denote a copy, an image, a form, or a likeness. It is often used to describe something that is made in the likeness of something else, such as an idol or a representation. It can also refer to a similarity in nature or character.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΙΚΩΝ, ΤΥΠΟΣ, ΜΟΡΦΗ

G3326

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G3588, G3778

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G2193

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: EH-ohs

Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.

G3756, G3757

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

G0001

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-po-DES-mos

Translations: a band, a bond, a bandage, a fetter

Notes: This is a compound noun formed from the prefix 'ἀπό' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and 'δεσμός' (desmos), meaning 'a bond' or 'a fetter'. It refers to something that binds or ties, such as a band, a bandage, or a fetter. It can be used to describe a physical restraint or something that holds things together.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΜΟΣ, ΣΥΝΔΕΣΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the noun δεσμός (desmos), meaning 'a bond' or 'a fetter', which itself comes from the verb δέω (deō), 'to bind'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G1445

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: en-GAD-dee

Translations: En Gedi, Engedi

Notes: This is a proper noun referring to En Gedi, a place in ancient Israel. It was known for its springs, vineyards, and wilderness areas, located on the western shore of the Dead Sea. It is often mentioned in the Old Testament, particularly in connection with King David.

Inflection: Singular, Locative (implied by context with 'ἐν')

Etymology: The name 'En Gedi' is of Hebrew origin, meaning 'fountain of the kid' or 'fountain of the young goat'. It refers to the abundant springs in the area.

G1519, G1487, G1488

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G2570

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: KAH-los

Translations: good, beautiful, noble, excellent, right, proper, a good, a beautiful, a noble, an excellent, a right, a proper

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning good, beautiful, noble, excellent, right, or proper. It describes the quality or nature of something or someone, often implying moral goodness, aesthetic beauty, or functional excellence. It can be used to describe people, actions, or things.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΟΣ, ΩΡΑΙΟΣ, ΕΥΓΕΝΗΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call', perhaps implying something that is 'called forth' or 'called good'.

G5611

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: hoh-RAI-oss

Translations: beautiful, handsome, lovely, fair, a beautiful one, a handsome one

Notes: This word describes something or someone as beautiful, handsome, or lovely, often implying a pleasing appearance or quality. It can be used to describe people, objects, or even actions that are considered aesthetically pleasing or appropriate for a particular time.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΕΥΠΡΕΠΗΣ

Etymology: From the Koine Greek word ὥρα (hōra), meaning 'hour, season, proper time'. The word originally referred to something 'timely' or 'seasonable', and then evolved to mean 'beautiful' or 'fitting' in appearance, especially in its prime.

G4314

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G4967

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: SYS-kee-os

Translations: shady, shaded, full of shade

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'shady' or 'shaded'. It describes something that provides or is covered by shade. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'σκιά' (skia), meaning 'shade' or 'shadow'. It can be used to describe a place, a tree, or anything that offers protection from the sun.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΚΙΩΔΗΣ, ΣΚΙΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΣΚΙΟΣ is derived from the prefix 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the noun 'σκιά' (skia), meaning 'shade' or 'shadow'. It literally means 'with shade' or 'together with shade'.

G5339

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: fah-TNO-mah-tah

Translations: paneling, a panel, ceiling, a ceiling, wainscoting, a wainscoting

Notes: This word refers to paneling, wainscoting, or a ceiling, typically made of wood. It describes the finished surface of a room's interior, particularly the overhead covering or decorative wall lining. It is often used in the context of architectural structures, such as temples or houses, indicating the wooden planks or panels used to construct ceilings or line walls.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΡΟΦΗ, ΣΤΕΓΗ

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