Ignatius’ Letter to the Trallians Chapter 10, Interlinear version from Ignatius of Antioch (Beta)

Ignatius’ Letter to the Trallians, Chapter 10

Interlinear version from Ignatius of Antioch (Beta)

10:1

10:1

ΕἸ
- EI
- if
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ΩΣΠΕΡ
- ŌSPER
- just-as
ΤΙΝΕΣ
- TINES
- some
ἈΘΕΟΙ
- ATHEOI
- godless-ones
ὈΝΤΕΣ
- ONTES
- being
ΤΟΥΤΕΣΤΙΝ
- TOUTESTIN
- that-is
ἈΠΙΣΤΟΙ
- APISTOI
- unfaithful-ones
ΛΕΓΟΥΣΙΝ
- LEGOUSIN
- say
ΤΟ
- TO
- the
ΔΟΚΕΙΝ
- DOKEIN
- seeming
ΠΕΠΟΝΘΕΝΑΙ
- PEPONTHENAI
- to-have-suffered
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΝ
- AUTON
- him
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΙ
- AUTOI
- they
ΟΝΤΕΣ
- ONTES
- being
ΤΟ
- TO
- the
ΔΟΚΕΙΝ
- DOKEIN
- seeming
ἘΓΩ
- EGŌ
- I
ΤΙ
- TI
- why
ΔΕΔΕΜΑΙ
- DEDEMAI
- have-been-bound
ΤΙ
- TI
- why
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- also
ΕΥ̓ΧΟΜΑΙ
- EUCHOMAI
- do-I-pray
ΘΗΡΙΟΜΑΧΗΣΑΙ
- THĒRIOMACHĒSAI
- to-fight-with-beasts
ΔΩΡΕΑΝ
- DŌREAN
- for-nothing
ΟΥ̓Ν
- OUN
- therefore
ἈΠΟΘΝΗΣΚΩ
- APOTHNĒSKŌ
- do-I-die
ἈΡΑ
- ARA
- then
ΟΥ̓Ν
- OUN
- therefore
ΚΑΤΑΨΕΥΔΟΜΑΙ
- KATAPSEUDOMAI
- do-I-lie-against
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- of-the
ΚΥΡΙΟΥ
- KYRIOU
- Lord

G1519, G1487, G1488

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G1161

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G5618

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OH-sper

Translations: just as, as, even as, like, in the same way as

Notes: This word functions as a comparative adverb or conjunction, meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a clause that draws a comparison or analogy, indicating that something is happening or is true in the same manner or degree as something else. It emphasizes the similarity between two things or actions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs, "as") and the particle περ (per, "indeed, very"), emphasizing the comparison.

G0002

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ah-THEH-oy

Translations: godless, without God, an atheist, godless ones

Notes: This word describes someone who is without God or who denies the existence of God. It can be used as an adjective to describe a person or a group, or as a noun to refer to 'godless people' or 'atheists'. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'ἀ-' (a-, meaning 'without') and 'θεός' (theos, meaning 'God').

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ἈΠΙΣΤΟΙ, ἈΣΕΒΕΙΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the privative alpha (ἀ-, 'not', 'without') and θεός (theos, 'God'). It literally means 'without God'.

G0571

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: AH-pis-toy

Translations: unbelieving, faithless, unbelievers, faithless ones

Notes: This word describes someone who is without faith or belief, or who is untrustworthy. It is often used to refer to those who do not believe in God or in the teachings of a particular faith. It can function as an adjective, modifying a noun, or as a noun itself, referring to a group of people who are unbelieving or faithless. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'α-' (alpha privative, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'πιστός' (pistós), meaning 'faithful' or 'believing'.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΘΕΟΣ, ΑΠΕΙΘΗΣ, ΑΝΟΜΟΣ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G1380

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: doh-KEIN

Translations: to seem, to appear, to think, to suppose, to be thought, to be esteemed

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'δοκέω'. It is commonly used to express the idea of something appearing to be true, or someone thinking or supposing something. It can be used impersonally (it seems) or with a subject and infinitive construction (someone seems to do something). It often conveys a sense of subjective perception or opinion rather than objective fact.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'δοκέω' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *dek-, meaning 'to take, accept, receive, be fitting'. It is related to words signifying 'opinion' or 'appearance'.

G1473

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-GOH

Translations: I, me

Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.

G5101

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G1210

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: DEH-deh-mai

Translations: I have been bound, I am bound, I have been tied, I am tied

Notes: This is the first person singular perfect passive indicative form of the verb δέω (deō), meaning 'to bind' or 'to tie'. The perfect tense indicates an action completed in the past with continuing results in the present. Therefore, 'I have been bound' implies that the state of being bound continues into the present, or 'I am bound' as a result of a past action. It describes a state of being restrained or imprisoned.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative, First Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΕΔΕΩ, ΚΑΤΑΔΕΩ

Etymology: The word δέω (deō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to tie' or 'to bind'.

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G2172

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: YOO-kho-mai

Translations: pray, wish, vow, make a vow

Notes: This word means to pray, to wish, or to make a vow. It is often used in the context of addressing God or a deity, expressing a desire or a solemn promise. It is a deponent verb, meaning it has a middle or passive form but an active meaning.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present Tense, Middle/Passive Voice, Indicative Mood

Synonyms: ΔΕΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From a primary verb, probably akin to the root of εὔχομαι (euchomai), meaning 'to speak out, to declare, to pray'.

G2341

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: thay-ree-oh-ma-KAY-sai

Translations: to fight with wild beasts, to contend with wild beasts

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to fight with wild beasts' or 'to contend with wild beasts'. It combines 'θηρίον' (thērion), meaning 'wild beast', and 'μάχομαι' (machomai), meaning 'to fight'. It describes the act of engaging in combat or struggle against wild animals, often in a gladiatorial or metaphorical sense.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΜΑΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΓΩΝΙΖΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word is derived from θηρίον (thērion, 'wild beast') and μάχομαι (machomai, 'to fight').

G1432

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: doh-reh-AHN

Translations: freely, for nothing, without cause, in vain, gratuitously, undeservedly

Notes: This word means 'freely' or 'gratuitously,' indicating something given or done without cost or obligation. It can also mean 'without cause' or 'in vain,' implying that something is done without a valid reason or achieves no purpose. It is used to describe actions that are unmerited or without charge.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΩΡΟΝ, ΔΩΡΕΑ

Etymology: From the noun δωρεά (dōrea), meaning 'a gift' or 'a present,' which itself comes from δῶρον (dōron), also meaning 'gift.' The suffix -αν makes it an adverb.

G3767

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G0599

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-poh-THNAY-skoh

Translations: to die, to be dying, to perish, to be dead

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to die' or 'to perish'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἀπό' (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and 'θνήσκω' (thnēskō), meaning 'to die'. It describes the act of dying, ceasing to live, or being in a state of death. It can be used in various contexts to refer to physical death, but also metaphorically to the cessation of something.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΥΤΑΩ, ΚΟΙΜΑΩ, ΦΘΕΙΡΩ

Etymology: The word ἈΠΟΘΝΗΣΚΩ is a compound of the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb θνῄσκω (thnēskō), meaning 'to die'. The prefix intensifies or completes the action of dying.

G0686, G0685

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Part of Speech: Particle, Noun

Sounds like: AH-rah

Translations: then, therefore, so, consequently, perhaps, indeed, is it that?, curse, an imprecation

Notes: The word 'ἈΡΑ' can function as a particle or a noun. As a particle, it is used to introduce a question, often expecting a negative answer, or to draw an inference, meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It can also express a degree of uncertainty or possibility, translating to 'perhaps' or 'indeed'. As a noun, 'ἈΡΑ' refers to a curse or an imprecation, a solemn utterance intended to invoke a supernatural power to inflict harm or punishment on someone or something.

Inflection: As a particle, it does not inflect. As a noun, it is Feminine, Singular, Nominative.

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓Ν, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥΝ, ΚΑΤΑΡΑ

Etymology: The particle 'ἈΡΑ' is of uncertain origin, possibly an onomatopoeic exclamation. The noun 'ἈΡΑ' (curse) is also of uncertain origin, possibly related to the verb 'ἀράομαι' (araomai) meaning 'to pray, to curse'.

G2680

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-PSEV-doh-my

Translations: to lie against, to bear false witness against, to accuse falsely, to perjure oneself

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from 'κατά' (against, down) and 'ψεύδομαι' (to lie, to deceive). It means to lie against someone, to make false accusations, or to bear false witness. It implies a deliberate act of deception directed at another person, often in a legal or accusatory context.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Indicative, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ΨΕΥΔΩ, ΨΕΥΔΟΛΟΓΕΩ

G3588, G3778

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G2962

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOO-ree-OO

Translations: of Lord, of the Lord, of God, of the Master

Notes: This word refers to a lord, master, or owner. In religious contexts, particularly in the Septuagint and New Testament, it is frequently used to refer to God or Jesus Christ, often as a title of reverence and authority. It can be used in sentences like 'the house of the Lord' or 'the word of the Lord'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΘΕΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (kyrios) derives from the root κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'power, authority'. It originally referred to someone who possessed authority or control, such as a master or owner, and later evolved to be used as a title for deities or rulers.

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