Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Ignatius of Antioch / Ignatius’ Letter to the Trallians / Chapter 12Ignatius’ Letter to the Trallians, Chapter 12
Interlinear version from Ignatius of Antioch (Beta)
G0782
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ahs-PAH-zoh-my
Translations: greet, salute, embrace, welcome
Notes: This verb means to greet, salute, or embrace someone. It is often used in the context of extending a welcome or showing respect. Although it has a middle/passive form, it is a deponent verb, meaning it has an active sense.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Indicative, 1st Person Singular
Synonyms: ΧΑΙΡΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ
Etymology: The word comes from a root meaning 'to draw to oneself, to embrace'. It is related to the idea of drawing someone close in a gesture of greeting or affection.
G5210
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hoo-MAS
Translations: you, you all
Notes: This is a second-person plural personal pronoun, meaning 'you' or 'you all'. It is in the accusative case, indicating that it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used in a sentence like 'He saw you all'.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Second Person, All genders
G0575
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: AH-po
Translations: from, away from, out of, off, (of), by, since, after
Notes: ἈΠΟ is a common Koine Greek preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or source. It is always used with the genitive case. It can mean 'from' or 'away from' a place or person, indicating movement away. It can also denote the cause or agent ('by'), or a temporal starting point ('since', 'after').
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἘΚ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'off' and 'of'.
G4667
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Noun
Sounds like: SMOOR-nays
Translations: of Smyrna, of myrrh
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'Smyrna' (a city) or 'myrrh' (a fragrant gum resin). It can refer to the city of Smyrna, an ancient Greek city in Anatolia, or to the aromatic substance myrrh, which was used for perfumes, incense, and embalming. Its meaning depends on the context of the sentence.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The word 'Smyrna' (the city) is of uncertain origin, possibly from an Anatolian language. The word 'myrrh' comes from a Semitic root, referring to its bitter taste.
G0260
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition
Sounds like: AH-mah
Translations: at the same time, together, with, at once, simultaneously
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'at the same time' or 'together'. It emphasizes simultaneity or togetherness of actions or people. It can also function as an improper preposition, taking the dative case, to mean 'together with' or 'with'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΜΟΥ, ΣΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words signifying 'together' or 'at the same time' in various Indo-European languages.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH-ees
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: This word is the dative plural feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate that the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the dative case, often signifying indirect objects, recipients, or the means by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to the' or 'for the', or simply 'the' depending on the context.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine
G4840
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: soom-pa-ROO-sais
Translations: (to) those being present with, (to) those accompanying
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to be present with' or 'to accompany'. It describes individuals who are present alongside someone or something else. It is used here in the dative case, indicating the recipients of an action or the persons with whom something is done.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΟΥΣΑΙΣ, ΣΥΝΟΥΣΑΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΣΥΜΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ is a compound word formed from the prefix ΣΥΝ- (SYN-), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ (PAREIMI), meaning 'to be present' or 'to be near'.
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MOY
Translations: (to) me, (for) me
Notes: ΜΟΙ is the dative form of the first-person singular pronoun 'I'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, showing to whom or for whom an action is performed. It can also express possession or benefit.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, First Person
Synonyms: ΕΜΟΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient word, found across many Indo-European languages.
G1577
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ek-KLY-see-ais
Translations: (to) churches, (to) assemblies, (to) congregations
Notes: This word refers to a gathering or assembly, often specifically a Christian congregation or church. In this inflected form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to' or 'for' the churches/assemblies.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩΓΑΙΣ, ΟΜΙΛΙΑΙΣ
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAY-oo
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΘΕΟΣ' (theos), meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, the genitive case often indicates possession, origin, or relationship, similar to the English 'of' or the possessive apostrophe 's'. Therefore, 'ΘΕΟΥ' typically translates to 'of God' or 'of a god', depending on the context. It can refer to the one true God or to a pagan deity.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: KAH-tah
Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along
Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-ta
Translations: all, every, everything, all things
Notes: This word means 'all' or 'every'. In its plural neuter form, as seen here, it often translates to 'all things' or 'everything'. It is used to indicate totality or universality, referring to a complete set or collection of items or concepts.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G1691
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MEH
Translations: me
Notes: This word is the first-person singular pronoun 'me' in the accusative case. It is used as the direct object of a verb or as the object of certain prepositions, indicating the recipient of an action or the object being affected.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, First Person
Etymology: The word ΜΕ (me) derives from the ancient Greek first-person singular pronoun. Its form has remained largely consistent throughout various stages of the Greek language.
G0373
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-neh-PAH-oo-san
Translations: they rested, they refreshed, they ceased, they gave rest, they caused to rest
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from ἀνά (ana, meaning 'up' or 'again') and παύω (pauō, meaning 'to cease' or 'to stop'). It means to cause someone or something to rest, to give rest, or to rest oneself, to cease from labor, or to find refreshment. It is often used in the context of finding relief or ceasing from an activity.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΟΠΙΑΩ, ἩΣΥΧΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΠΑΥΩ
Etymology: The word ἀναπαύω is derived from the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb παύω (pauō), meaning 'to stop' or 'to cease'.
G4561
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: sar-KEE
Translations: flesh, body, a body, human nature, carnal nature
Notes: This word refers to flesh, the physical body, or human nature in general. It can also denote the carnal or sinful aspect of human nature, especially in a theological context. It is often used to distinguish the physical from the spiritual.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΩΜΑ, ΧΡΩΣ
G5037
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: TEH
Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G4151
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PNEV-mah-tee
Translations: (to) spirit, (to) a spirit, (to) wind, (to) a wind, (to) breath, (to) a breath, (to) the Spirit, (to) Holy Spirit, (to) mind, (to) disposition
Notes: This word refers to spirit, wind, or breath. In a theological context, it often refers to the Holy Spirit. It can also denote a person's inner disposition or mind. As a dative case, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to' or 'for' the spirit/wind/breath, or the instrument by which something is done, meaning 'by' or 'with' the spirit/wind/breath.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΨΥΧΗ, ΑΝΕΜΟΣ
G3870
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pa-ra-ka-LEI
Translations: he/she/it calls alongside, he/she/it summons, he/she/it invites, he/she/it implores, he/she/it exhorts, he/she/it comforts, he/she/it encourages, he/she/it consoles, call alongside!, summon!, invite!, implore!, exhort!, comfort!, encourage!, console!
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call'. It generally means to call someone to one's side, often for the purpose of help, comfort, or instruction. Depending on the context, it can mean to summon, invite, implore, exhort, comfort, encourage, or console. It implies a personal and often urgent appeal or a supportive action.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular OR Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΤΡΕΠΩ, ΠΑΡΑΜΥΘΕΟΜΑΙ, ΕΝΘΑΡΡΥΝΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G1199
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DES-ma
Translations: bonds, chains, fetters, imprisonment
Notes: This word refers to physical restraints like chains or fetters, or metaphorically to the bonds of imprisonment or captivity. It is typically used in the plural to denote a set of such restraints.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΛΥΣΙΣ, ΔΕΣΜΟΣ, ΠΕΔΗ
Etymology: From the verb δέω (deō), meaning 'to bind'.
G1700
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: moo
Translations: of me, my, mine
Notes: ΜΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning "of me," "my," or "mine." It indicates possession or origin, similar to how "my" or "mine" is used in English. It can be used with nouns to show ownership (e.g., "my house") or with verbs to indicate the source or object of an action (e.g., "he heard of me").
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Common Gender
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix
Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)
Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-
Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).
Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.
Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.
G1752
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: EN-eh-ken
Translations: because of, on account of, for the sake of, (of) for, (of) by reason of
Notes: ΕΝΕΚΕΝ is an improper preposition that typically takes the genitive case, meaning 'because of' or 'on account of'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'for this reason' or 'therefore'. It is used to express the cause or reason behind an action or state.
Inflection: Does not inflect; takes the genitive case when used as a preposition.
Synonyms: ΔΙΑ, ΧΑΡΙΝ
Etymology: The word ΕΝΕΚΕΝ is an ancient Greek word, likely formed from the preposition 'en' (in) and a form related to 'heka' (on account of). It has been in use since classical Greek and continued into Koine Greek.
G2424
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-ay-SOO
Translations: of Jesus, to Jesus, of Joshua, to Joshua
Notes: This is a proper name, referring to either Jesus Christ or Joshua, the successor of Moses. It is used to identify a specific individual.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Genitive or Dative
G5547
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: khri-STOO
Translations: of Christ, of the Anointed One, of the Messiah
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ' (Christos), meaning 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. It refers to the one chosen and consecrated by God, particularly Jesus. As a genitive case, 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥ' indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated as 'of Christ' or 'belonging to Christ'. It can be used to describe something that pertains to Christ or is from Christ.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ, ΕΚΛΕΚΤΟΣ
G4064
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-ree-FEH-roh
Translations: carry about, bear about, lead about, take around
Notes: This verb means to carry something around, bear it about, or lead someone around. It implies movement in a circular or widespread manner. It can be used to describe physically carrying an object or metaphorically bearing a condition or reputation. For example, one might 'carry about' chains or 'bear about' a certain name.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular
Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΑΓΩ, ΒΑΣΤΑΖΩ
Etymology: From the prefix περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and the verb φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'. Thus, it literally means 'to carry around'.
G0154
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ai-TOO-meh-nos
Translations: asking, begging, requesting, seeking, one who asks, one who begs
Notes: This word is a present middle or passive participle derived from the verb 'αἰτέω' (aiteō), meaning 'to ask' or 'to request'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone who is in the act of asking or being asked. It can be translated as 'asking', 'begging', or 'one who is asking/begging'. In a sentence, it would describe the action of a subject, for example, 'the man asking for bread'.
Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Participle, Nominative Case, Masculine Gender, Singular Number
Synonyms: ΔΕΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΩΝ, ΖΗΤΩΝ
Etymology: The word αἰτέω (aiteō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to seek' or 'to desire'.
G2013
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-pee-too-KHEIN
Translations: to obtain, to attain, to succeed, to achieve, to hit upon, to find
Notes: This word means to hit upon, to obtain, to attain, or to succeed in something. It implies reaching a desired outcome or finding something sought after. It is often used with a genitive case to indicate what is being obtained or achieved.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'on', and the verb τυγχάνω (tynchanō), meaning 'to happen', 'to meet with', or 'to obtain by chance'. Thus, it literally means 'to happen upon' or 'to meet with' something, leading to the sense of obtaining or succeeding.
G1265
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dee-ah-MEH-neh-teh
Translations: remain, abide, continue, endure, persist
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'διά' (through, throughout) and 'μένω' (to remain, abide). It means to remain or abide through a period of time, to continue steadfastly, or to endure. It is often used to describe a state of persistence or constancy.
Inflection: Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΜΕΝΩ, ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ, ΠΑΡΑΜΕΝΩ
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAY
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which
Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.
G3671
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oh-moh-NOY-ah
Translations: concord, agreement, unanimity, unity, a concord, an agreement, a unanimity, a unity
Notes: This word refers to a state of agreement, harmony, or unity among people. It describes a shared mindset or purpose, often implying a lack of conflict or division. It is a compound word derived from 'ὁμός' (homos), meaning 'same' or 'common', and 'νοῦς' (nous), meaning 'mind' or 'understanding'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΥΜΦΩΝΙΑ, ΕΙΡΗΝΗ, ΕΝΟΤΗΣ
Etymology: From the Greek adjective ὁμόνοος (homonoos), meaning 'of one mind' or 'agreeing'. It is formed from ὁμός (homos, 'same') and νοῦς (nous, 'mind').
G5216
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hoo-MOHN
Translations: (of) you, your
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the second-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of you' or 'your' when referring to multiple people. It indicates possession, origin, or relationship concerning a group of people being addressed. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of you' (your house) or 'from among you'.
Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Genitive
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to
Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G240
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Part of Speech: Reciprocal Pronoun
Sounds like: al-LAY-lone
Translations: of one another, of each other
Notes: This word is a reciprocal pronoun, meaning 'of one another' or 'of each other'. It is used to indicate that an action or relationship is mutual among multiple subjects. It always appears in the plural and is used to express actions or relationships that are directed back and forth between individuals within a group.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Etymology: This word is derived from the reduplication of the stem of ἄλλος (ALLOS), meaning 'other'. The reduplication indicates reciprocity.
G4335
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pros-YOO-khee
Translations: prayer, a prayer, supplication
Notes: This word refers to an act of prayer or supplication, a communication with God or a deity. It is commonly used to describe the act of worship or a specific request made in prayer. It can be used in contexts ranging from personal devotion to public worship.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΕΗΣΙΣ, ΕΥΧΗ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek προσεύχομαι (proseúkhomai, “to pray”), from πρός (prós, “to, toward”) + εὔχομαι (eúkhomai, “to pray, to wish”). It literally means 'a prayer directed towards'.
G4241
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PREH-peh
Translations: it is fitting, it is proper, it is necessary, it ought, it becomes
Notes: This is an impersonal verb meaning 'it is fitting' or 'it is proper'. It is often used to express what is appropriate, becoming, or necessary in a given situation. It can also convey a sense of obligation or duty, indicating what 'ought' to be done.
Inflection: Third person singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΔΕΙ, ΧΡΗ, ΕΥΠΡΕΠΕΣ
Etymology: The word 'πρέπω' (prepo) means 'to be conspicuous, to be eminent, to be fitting'. Its origin is uncertain, but it is related to the idea of being visible or standing out in a way that is appropriate or becoming.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G5213
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: yoo-MEEN
Translations: (to) you, (for) you
Notes: This word is a second person plural pronoun, meaning 'you' (plural). It is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of a verb or the recipient of an action. It can be translated as 'to you' or 'for you', depending on the context.
Inflection: Plural, Dative
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: kath
Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning
Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.
Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.
G1520
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Part of Speech: Numeral, Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: EH-nah
Translations: one, a, an, a certain
Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the numeral 'one'. It can be used as a numeral to indicate a single unit, or as an indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an'. It can also function as an indefinite pronoun, meaning 'a certain one' or 'someone'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to other words meaning 'one' in various Indo-European languages.
G1841
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: ex-AI-re-tos
Translations: especially, pre-eminently, peculiarly, exceedingly
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'especially' or 'pre-eminently'. It is used to emphasize that something is done or exists in a special, exceptional, or outstanding way, distinguishing it from others. It can also mean 'exceedingly' or 'peculiarly'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΩΣ, ΜΑΛΛΟΝ
Etymology: The word ἘΞΑΙΡΕΤΩΣ is derived from the verb ΕΞΑΙΡΕΩ (exaireō), meaning 'to take out, to choose, to remove', and the suffix -ως, which forms adverbs. It literally means 'in an exceptional way' or 'taken out from the rest'.
G4245
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pres-by-TEH-roys
Translations: (to) elders, (to) old men, (to) presbyters
Notes: This word refers to older men, often those who hold positions of authority or leadership within a community, particularly in religious or governmental contexts. It can denote a senior member, an elder, or a presbyter. In the New Testament, it frequently refers to leaders in the early Christian church.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΓΕΡΟΝΤΕΣ, ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΑΙ
G0360
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-nah-PSY-khine
Translations: to refresh, to revive, to recover breath, to cool
Notes: This word means to refresh, revive, or recover breath, often implying a restoration of strength or spirit after a period of exhaustion or distress. It can be used to describe physical refreshment or spiritual renewal.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ἈΝΑΚΑΙΝΙΖΩ, ἈΝΑΖΩΠΥΡΕΩ
Etymology: From ἀνά (aná, 'up, again') and ψύχω (psýchō, 'to cool, to breathe'). It literally means 'to cool again' or 'to breathe again'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G1985
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ep-is-KO-pon
Translations: overseer, a bishop, a superintendent
Notes: This word refers to an overseer, a superintendent, or a guardian. In early Christian contexts, it specifically denotes a bishop or elder who has oversight of a church or community. It describes someone who watches over, inspects, or supervises others.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΕΡΟΣ, ΠΟΙΜΗΝ
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G5092
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: tee-MEN
Translations: honor, a price, value, respect, dignity, a sum, a reward
Notes: This word refers to honor, respect, or dignity. It can also denote a price, value, or a sum of money paid for something. It is used to describe the esteem in which someone or something is held, or the monetary worth of an item.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΟΞΑ, ΑΞΙΑ, ΜΙΣΘΟΣ
G3962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PAH-tros
Translations: of a father, of the father, of a parent, of the parent, of God, of the Lord
Notes: This word refers to a father or parent. It is used to indicate possession or origin, often translated as 'of a father' or 'of the father'. In a theological context, it can refer to God as the Father.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΝΗΤΩΡ, ΠΡΟΓΟΝΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G0652
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-pos-TO-lon
Translations: of apostles, apostles
Notes: This word refers to those who are sent out with a specific message or mission, acting as an envoy or delegate. In a religious context, it most commonly refers to the twelve disciples of Jesus, who were sent out to preach the Gospel. It is a compound word, formed from the prefix ἈΠΟ- (APO-), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and ΣΤΕΛΛΩ (STELLO), meaning 'to send'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΚΕΣ, ΕΥ̓ΑΓΓΕΛΙΣΤΑΙ
G2172
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: YOO-kho-mai
Translations: pray, wish, vow, make a vow
Notes: This word means to pray, to wish, or to make a vow. It is often used in the context of addressing God or a deity, expressing a desire or a solemn promise. It is a deponent verb, meaning it has a middle or passive form but an active meaning.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present Tense, Middle/Passive Voice, Indicative Mood
Synonyms: ΔΕΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: From a primary verb, probably akin to the root of εὔχομαι (euchomai), meaning 'to speak out, to declare, to pray'.
G1125
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: grap-SAS
Translations: having written, who wrote, after writing, when he wrote
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'γράφω' (graphō), meaning 'to write'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has been completed prior to the action of the main verb in the sentence. It can be translated in various ways depending on context, such as 'having written' or 'the one who wrote'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΡΑΦΩ, ΑΠΟΓΡΑΦΩ
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MOO
Translations: (of) me, my
Notes: This is the genitive case of the first-person singular pronoun 'I'. It indicates possession or origin, functioning similarly to 'of me' or 'my' in English. It is used to show that something belongs to the speaker or comes from the speaker.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, First Person
Synonyms: ΜΟΥ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is the first-person singular pronoun, indicating the speaker.
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G4336
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-yoo-KHES-theh
Translations: pray, make a prayer, offer prayer
Notes: This word means 'to pray' or 'to offer prayer'. It is often used in the context of addressing God or a deity. It can be used in a command or exhortation, telling someone to pray, or describing the act of praying.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Imperative, Second Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΔΕΟΜΑΙ, ΕΥΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΙΤΕΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G0575
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: AF
Translations: from, away from, by, of
Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition ΑΠΟ (APO), which means 'from' or 'away from'. The final vowel of ΑΠΟ is dropped (elided) when it precedes a word that begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark (indicated by the apostrophe-like symbol over the vowel). It indicates separation, origin, or cause, often translated as 'from' or 'away from'. It can also denote the agent 'by' or the source 'of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab, English off, and German ab.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G2661
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tah-ksee-oh-THEE-nai
Translations: to be counted worthy, to be deemed worthy, to be thought worthy
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'according to') and the verb ἀξιόω (axioō, meaning 'to deem worthy' or 'to consider fitting'). In its passive form, it means to be considered or judged worthy of something. It often implies a divine or authoritative judgment of worthiness, indicating that someone has met the necessary standard or qualification.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΞΙΟΩ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The verb καταξιόω (kataxioō) is formed from the prefix κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'according to', and the verb ἀξιόω (axioō), meaning 'to deem worthy'. The root ἀξιόω itself comes from ἄξιος (axios), meaning 'worthy' or 'deserving'.
G2819
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KLAY-roo
Translations: of lot, of an inheritance, of a portion, of a share, lots, inheritances, portions, shares
Notes: This word refers to a lot, an inheritance, or a portion. It can be used to describe a share of something, often obtained by casting lots, or a divinely appointed portion or inheritance. In the provided context, 'ΚΛΗΡΟΥΣ' (the plural form) is used in the phrase 'ΒΑΛΩΜΕΝ ΚΛΗΡΟΥΣ', meaning 'let us cast lots', which is a method of making decisions by chance, often believed to be guided by divine will.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine; or Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΕΡΙΣ, ΚΛΗΡΟΝΟΜΙΑ
G3756, G3757
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when
Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)
Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ
Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.
G4029
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-ree-KAY-mah-ee
Translations: to lie around, to be placed around, to surround, to be clothed with, to wear, to be encompassed by, to be in a certain state or condition
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the prefix περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and the verb κεῖμαι (keimai), meaning 'to lie' or 'to be placed'. Therefore, it literally means 'to lie around' or 'to be placed around'. It can describe something that surrounds or encompasses another object or person, or metaphorically, to be clothed with or to wear something. It can also refer to being in a particular state or condition, especially one that 'surrounds' or 'affects' someone.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Indicative, First Person Singular
Synonyms: ΚΥΚΛΟΩ, ΠΕΡΙΒΑΛΛΩ
G2443
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: EE-nah
Translations: in order that, that, so that, to
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G0096
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-DOK-ee-mos
Translations: disapproved, rejected, worthless, unapproved, reprobate
Notes: This adjective describes something or someone that has been tested and found to be unacceptable, worthless, or failing to meet a standard. It implies a sense of being rejected after scrutiny. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'α-' (a-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'δόκιμος' (dokimos), meaning 'approved' or 'tested'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΧΡΕΙΟΣ, ΑΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ, ΑΠΟΒΛΗΤΟΣ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek, a compound of the negative prefix 'α-' (a-, 'not') and 'δόκιμος' (dokimos, 'approved, tested'), which comes from 'δέχομαι' (dechomai, 'to receive, accept').
G2147
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: yoo-re-THOH
Translations: be found, be discovered, be obtained, be acquired
Notes: This is a verb in the aorist passive subjunctive mood. It means 'to be found' or 'to be discovered'. It is used to express a potential or hypothetical action in the passive voice, often in conditional clauses or expressions of purpose, indicating that something might be found or come into existence.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Subjunctive, First Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΥΡΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΠΤΩ
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