Home / Interlinears (Beta) / The Shepherd of Hermas — Parables / Parable 6 / Chapter 2Parable 6, Chapter 2
Interlinear version from The Shepherd of Hermas — Parables (Beta)
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LEH-ghei
Translations: says, speaks, he says, he speaks, she says, she speaks, it says, it speaks
Notes: This is a common Koine Greek verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is frequently used to introduce direct quotes or to state what someone (or something) is declaring. It is often translated as 'he says' or 'the Lord says' in biblical contexts.
Inflection: Third person singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MOY
Translations: (to) me, (for) me
Notes: ΜΟΙ is the dative form of the first-person singular pronoun 'I'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, showing to whom or for whom an action is performed. It can also express possession or benefit.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, First Person
Synonyms: ΕΜΟΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient word, found across many Indo-European languages.
G0991
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: BLEH-piss
Translations: you see, you look, you perceive, you behold, you consider, you beware
Notes: This word means to see, look, perceive, or pay attention. It can also imply understanding or being aware of something. It is used when addressing a single person directly, asking or stating what they see or perceive.
Inflection: 2nd Person, Singular, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Active Voice
Synonyms: ΟΡΑΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΕΙΔΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G4166
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: poy-MEH-nah
Translations: shepherd, a shepherd, pastor, a pastor
Notes: This word refers to a shepherd, someone who tends and cares for sheep. It can also be used metaphorically to describe a leader, a guide, or a spiritual pastor who cares for a flock of people. In its literal sense, it describes a person whose occupation is to look after sheep. In a figurative sense, it describes someone who provides guidance and protection, much like a shepherd protects their flock.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΚΟΛΟΣ, ΑΙΠΟΛΟΣ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-ton
Translations: this, this one, him, it
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, used to point out something specific that is near in proximity, time, or thought, or something that has just been mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand in for a noun, meaning 'this one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'this' (e.g., 'this house'). In this form, it is masculine singular and in the accusative case, meaning it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΝ
G0991
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: BLEH-poh
Translations: see, look, perceive, behold, beware, consider, discern, take heed
Notes: This verb means to see, look, or perceive, often with an emphasis on the act of looking or the mental perception of something. It can be used to describe physical sight, but also to understand, discern, or pay attention to something. It is frequently used in the imperative to mean 'beware' or 'take heed'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular. As a verb, it inflects for person, number, tense, mood, and voice.
Synonyms: ΟΡΑΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΕΙΔΩ
Etymology: From an unstated root, possibly related to the idea of 'to look' or 'to see'. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of usage.
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: FEE-mee
Translations: say, speak, declare, affirm, assert
Notes: This verb means 'to say,' 'to speak,' or 'to declare.' It is often used to introduce direct speech or to affirm a statement. It can be used in various tenses and moods to express an action of speaking or stating something.
Inflection: Present Active Indicative, 1st Person Singular; or Present Active Infinitive
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΕΡΩ
Etymology: From a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to speak, tell, say.' It is related to Latin 'fari' (to speak) and English 'fame'.
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-eh
Translations: Lord, O Lord, Master, Sir
Notes: This word is the vocative singular form of the noun ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (KYRIOS), meaning 'Lord,' 'Master,' or 'Sir.' It is used for direct address, similar to saying 'O Lord' or 'My Lord' in English. It is commonly used when speaking directly to God, a respected authority figure, or a master.
Inflection: Singular, Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: OO-tos
Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PHAY-sin
Translations: he says, she says, it says, he said, she said, it said
Notes: This word is a common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone else has said or to introduce a direct quote. It can be translated as 'he says', 'she says', or 'it says', and often implies 'he/she/it said' in narrative contexts.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΡΩ
Etymology: The word ΦΗΜΙ (phēmi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to speak' or 'to show'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of speaking or declaring.
G0032
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ANG-geh-los
Translations: angel, a angel, messenger, a messenger
Notes: This word refers to a messenger, envoy, or one who is sent to deliver a message. In a religious context, it commonly refers to a divine messenger or an angel. It is a masculine noun and is frequently used in the New Testament to describe both human and divine agents.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΞ, ΔΙΑΚΟΝΟΣ
Etymology: From an assumed primary verb meaning 'to bring tidings'. It is related to the idea of sending or conveying a message.
G5172
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: troo-FEE-s
Translations: of luxury, of delight, of pleasure, of revelry, of daintiness
Notes: This word refers to a state of soft living, indulgence, or luxurious enjoyment. It can describe a life of ease and pleasure, often with a connotation of excess or self-indulgence. It is used here in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, such as 'of luxury' or 'of delight'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΗΔΟΝΗΣ, ΑΠΟΛΑΥΣΕΩΣ, ΕΥΠΑΘΕΙΑΣ
Etymology: The word ΤΡΥΦΗ (tryphē) is derived from the Greek verb θρύπτω (thryptō), meaning 'to break down', 'to enervate', or 'to weaken'. This etymology suggests a connection to being softened or made delicate by luxurious living.
G0539
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-PAH-tays
Translations: of deceit, of deception, of fraud, of delusion
Notes: This word refers to the act of misleading, tricking, or deluding someone. It describes the quality or state of being deceptive. It is often used to characterize something that is false or misleading in nature.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΛΑΝΗ, ΔΟΛΟΣ, ΨΕΥΔΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἈΠΑΤΗ comes from the verb ἀπατάω (apatáō), meaning 'to deceive, cheat, or trick'.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tin
Translations: is, a is
Notes: This word is the third person singular present indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It means 'he is', 'she is', 'it is', or 'there is'. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being, often linking a subject to a predicate. It can also imply 'exists' or 'happens'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
G1634
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ek-TREE-bay
Translations: he rubs out, he destroys, he wears out, he consumes, he effaces, he abolishes
Notes: This word means to rub out, destroy, or wear out completely. It can be used to describe the physical act of rubbing something away, or metaphorically to mean to utterly destroy or abolish something. It implies a thorough and complete eradication.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Active Voice
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΡΓΕΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G5590
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: psy-KHAS
Translations: souls, lives, minds
Notes: This word refers to the souls, lives, or inner selves of individuals. It is the accusative plural form of the noun 'ψυχή' (psychē), indicating the direct object of an action. It can refer to the vital breath, the seat of emotions and intellect, or the entire person.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΖΩΗ, ΠΝΕΥΜΑ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G1401
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DOO-lon
Translations: of slaves, of servants, of bondservants
Notes: This word refers to individuals who are in a state of servitude or bondage, whether as slaves, servants, or bondservants. It is used to describe a group of such individuals, indicating possession or relationship, similar to saying 'belonging to slaves' or 'concerning servants'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΕΤΩΝ, ΥΠΗΡΕΤΩΝ
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAY-oo
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΘΕΟΣ' (theos), meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, the genitive case often indicates possession, origin, or relationship, similar to the English 'of' or the possessive apostrophe 's'. Therefore, 'ΘΕΟΥ' typically translates to 'of God' or 'of a god', depending on the context. It can refer to the one true God or to a pagan deity.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G2694
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tah-STREF-ei
Translations: destroys, overthrows, ruins, subverts, corrupts
Notes: This verb means to destroy, overthrow, or ruin something. It can also imply subverting or corrupting. It is used to describe the action of bringing something to an end, often violently or completely, or causing its downfall.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOOS
Translations: them, themselves, these, those
Notes: This word is the masculine accusative plural form of the pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos). It is used to refer to a group of male or mixed-gender individuals as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It can mean 'them' or, when used emphatically, 'themselves'.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
G0575
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: AH-po
Translations: from, away from, out of, off, (of), by, since, after
Notes: ἈΠΟ is a common Koine Greek preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or source. It is always used with the genitive case. It can mean 'from' or 'away from' a place or person, indicating movement away. It can also denote the cause or agent ('by'), or a temporal starting point ('since', 'after').
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἘΚ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'off' and 'of'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G225
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-lay-THAY-ahs
Translations: of truth, of reality, of sincerity, of verity
Notes: This word refers to the quality of being true, real, or sincere. It is often used to describe facts, reality, or moral uprightness. In a sentence, it typically functions as a possessive or descriptive element, indicating that something belongs to or is characterized by truth.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΕΙΑ, ΓΝΩΣΙΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣΥΝΗ
G0538
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-pah-TON
Translations: deceiving, misleading, beguiling
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'deceiving' or 'misleading'. It describes someone or something that is actively engaged in the act of deception. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a substantive (acting as a noun) referring to 'the one who deceives' or 'those who deceive'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΠΛΑΝΩΝ, ΕΞΑΠΑΤΩΝ
Etymology: The word ἈΠΑΤΑΩ comes from the noun ἈΠΑΤΗ (APATE), meaning 'deceit' or 'fraud'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH-ees
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: This word is the dative plural feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate that the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the dative case, often signifying indirect objects, recipients, or the means by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to the' or 'for the', or simply 'the' depending on the context.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine
G1939
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: eh-pee-thoo-MEE-ais
Translations: (to) desires, (with) desires, (by) desires, (for) desires, (to) lusts, (with) lusts, (by) lusts, (for) lusts
Notes: This word refers to strong desires, cravings, or passions, which can be either good or bad depending on the context. In a negative sense, it often translates to 'lusts' or 'evil desires.' It is used here in the dative plural, indicating the indirect object or means by which something is done.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΡΕΞΙΣ, ΠΑΘΟΣ, ΗΔΟΝΗ
G4190
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: po-nee-RAIS
Translations: (to) evil, (to) wicked, (to) bad, (to) harmful, (to) mischievous
Notes: This word describes something as evil, wicked, or bad in a moral sense, or as harmful and mischievous in a practical sense. It is often used to describe people, actions, or things that are morally corrupt or cause harm. In this form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to' or 'for' evil/wicked/harmful things or people.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
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Part of Speech: Unknown
Sounds like: AISS
Translations: unknown
Notes: It's not clear what this word means. It could be garbled or badly misspelled. In Koine Greek, 'ΑΙΣ' does not appear as a standalone word with a clear meaning. It might be a fragment of a larger word, a typo, or an abbreviation. Without further context or correction, its meaning remains unknown.
Inflection: Unknown
G0622
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-POL-loon-tai
Translations: they are destroyed, they perish, they are lost, they are ruined
Notes: This word describes the action of being destroyed, perishing, or being lost. It is often used to indicate a state of ruin or utter destruction, particularly in a passive sense, meaning the subjects are experiencing the destruction rather than causing it. It can refer to physical destruction, spiritual ruin, or simply being lost.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΟΛΛΥΜΑΙ, ΦΘΕΙΡΟΜΑΙ, ΑΦΑΝΙΖΟΜΑΙ
G1950
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-pee-lan-THAN-tai
Translations: they forget, they are forgetting
Notes: This is a compound verb meaning "to forget" or "to neglect." It implies a complete or thorough forgetting, often with the nuance of neglecting something or someone. It is used to describe an action where individuals lose memory of something or fail to remember it, often due to carelessness or inattention.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΛΑΝΘΑΝΩ, ΑΜΝΗΜΟΝΕΩ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning "upon" or "over," and the verb ΛΑΝΘΑΝΩ (lanthanō), meaning "to escape notice" or "to be hidden." The combination suggests a complete or thorough forgetting, as if the memory is entirely covered over.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G1785
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: en-toh-LOHN
Translations: of commandments, of commands, of precepts
Notes: This word refers to a command, an order, or a precept. In its plural genitive form, as seen in 'ἘΝΤΟΛΩΝ', it typically signifies 'of commandments' or 'of commands', indicating possession or origin. It is frequently used in religious contexts to refer to divine laws or instructions.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΤΑΓΜΑΤΩΝ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΓΜΑΤΩΝ
G2198
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: ZOHN-tos
Translations: of living, of a living, of the living
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the participle 'living' from the verb 'to live'. It describes something that is alive or has life, often used to refer to a living being or a source of life. It functions similarly to an adjective or a noun in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΙΟΥ, ΨΥΧΗΣ
G4198
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: por-YOO-on-tai
Translations: they go, they are going, they travel, they proceed, they depart
Notes: This word means 'to go', 'to travel', 'to proceed', or 'to depart'. It is a deponent verb, meaning it has a middle or passive grammatical form but an active meaning. It is used to describe the action of moving from one place to another, often with a sense of purpose or direction.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ
G0539
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-PAH-taiss
Translations: deceits, deceptions, delusions, frauds
Notes: This word refers to acts of deceit, trickery, or fraud. It describes something that misleads or deludes, often with harmful intent. It is used to describe false appearances or misleading actions that cause someone to err or be led astray.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΛΑΝΗ, ΔΟΛΟΣ, ΨΕΥΔΟΣ
G5172
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: troo-FAIS
Translations: in luxury, in delights, in pleasures, in wantonness, in revelry
Notes: This word refers to a state of soft living, luxury, or delicate pleasure. It can also imply wantonness, revelry, or self-indulgence. It is often used in a negative sense, describing excessive or immoral enjoyment. It is typically used to describe the manner in which someone lives or acts.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΗΔΟΝΗ, ΑΣΩΤΙΑ, ΚΩΜΟΣ
G3152
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: mah-TAI-aiss
Translations: (to) vain, (to) empty, (to) futile, (to) worthless
Notes: This word describes something as vain, empty, futile, or worthless. It is used to characterize things that lack substance, purpose, or lasting value. In a sentence, it would modify a noun, indicating that the noun possesses these qualities, often in a negative sense.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΕΝΟΣ, ΑΝΩΦΕΛΗΣ, ΑΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G0032
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ANG-geh-loo
Translations: of an angel, of a messenger, of a divine messenger, of a human messenger
Notes: This word refers to a messenger, envoy, or one who brings tidings. In a religious context, it often refers to a divine messenger, an angel. It can also refer to a human messenger or representative. This form is the genitive singular, indicating possession or origin.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΞ, ΔΙΑΚΟΝΟΣ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOO-too
Translations: of this, of him, of it
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the demonstrative pronoun 'this' or 'he/she/it'. It indicates possession or origin, often translated as 'of this' or 'of him/it', and is used to point out something specific that has already been mentioned or is understood from context.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΥ
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE-nah
Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything
Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.
Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G2288
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THA-na-ton
Translations: death, a death
Notes: This word refers to death, the cessation of life. It is often used in a literal sense to describe physical death, but can also be used metaphorically to describe spiritual death or destruction. In a sentence, it would typically function as the object of a verb or the subject of a clause, indicating the concept of death.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΥΤΗ, ΑΠΟΒΙΩΣΙΣ, ΕΞΟΔΟΣ
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G2692
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kah-tah-ftho-RAHN
Translations: corruption, destruction, ruin, a corruption, a destruction, a ruin
Notes: This word refers to the process of decay, ruin, or destruction. It can describe physical deterioration, moral corruption, or the complete undoing of something. It is often used in contexts relating to the perishable nature of things or the consequences of sin.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΠΩΛΕΙΑ, ΦΘΟΡΑ, ΟΛΕΘΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΦΘΟΡΑ (kataphthora) is a compound word derived from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the noun φθορά (phthora), meaning 'decay' or 'corruption'.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LEH-geh
Translations: say, speak, tell, command, call, mean
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is often used to introduce direct speech or to indicate that someone is making a statement or giving a command. It can also mean 'to tell', 'to call', or 'to mean'. In the provided examples, it is used to introduce a declaration or a command from the Lord.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 2nd Person Singular; or Present, Active, Imperative, 2nd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΕΡΩ, ΦΗΜΙ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOH
Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G1097
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ghee-NOH-skoh
Translations: know, understand, perceive, learn, recognize, be aware of
Notes: This verb means to know, understand, perceive, or learn. It can refer to knowing a fact, understanding a concept, or becoming acquainted with a person or thing. It implies a process of coming to know or a state of knowing. It is often used to describe a deep, personal knowledge rather than just intellectual assent.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular. This verb inflects for tense, voice, mood, person, and number.
Synonyms: ΟΙΔΑ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (to know). It is cognate with English 'know' and Latin 'gnosco'.
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-GOH
Translations: I, me
Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative
Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.
G5101
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE
Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing
Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.
G0191
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-KOO-eh
Translations: Hear!, Listen!, Obey!
Notes: This word means to hear, to listen, or to give attention to. It can also imply understanding or obeying what is heard. As an imperative, it is a command to a single person to perform the action of hearing or listening.
Inflection: Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΧΕ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΕ
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix
Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)
Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-
Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).
Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.
Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.
G3708
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-des
Translations: you saw, you have seen
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'you saw' or 'you have seen'. It is the second person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'to see'. It describes an action of seeing that occurred in the past, completed at a specific point.
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ
G4263
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pro-BAH-tah
Translations: sheep
Notes: This word refers to sheep, which are common domesticated animals. In biblical contexts, sheep are often used metaphorically to represent people, especially followers or those under the care of a shepherd.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From the verb προβαίνω (probainō, 'to go forward'), referring to animals that walk forward, especially livestock. It literally means 'that which walks forward'.
G2431
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: hee-LAH-rah
Translations: cheerful, joyful, glad, merry, a cheerful one
Notes: This word describes something or someone as cheerful, joyful, or glad. It is used to express a state of happiness or a disposition that is bright and pleasant. It can modify nouns to indicate that they possess this quality, such as 'cheerful giving' or 'joyful songs'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΦΡΩΝ, ΧΑΡΜΟΣΥΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἱλαρός (hilaros) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *selh₂- meaning 'to be gracious, to be kind'. It is related to words signifying propitiation or appeasement.
G4640
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: skir-TOH-nah
Translations: leaping, jumping, skipping, dancing, bounding
Notes: This word describes the action of leaping, jumping, or skipping, often with joy or excitement. It can be used to describe animals or people who are moving with light, quick bounds. In the provided context, it refers to sheep that are joyful and leaping.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΩ, ΧΑΙΡΩ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: OO-toy
Translations: these, they
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they'. It is used to point out or refer to specific people or things that are nearby or have just been mentioned. It functions similarly to 'these ones' or 'these people' in English.
Inflection: Nominative, Masculine, Plural
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-sin
Translations: are
Notes: This word is the third person plural form of the verb 'to be'. It means 'they are' or 'there are'. It is used to describe the state or existence of multiple subjects, similar to how 'are' is used in English. For example, 'The men are here' or 'There are many books'.
Inflection: Third person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΥΣΙΝ, ΓΙΝΟΝΤΑΙ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G0660
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ah-pes-pas-MEH-noy
Translations: drawn away, separated, pulled away, those who have been drawn away, those who have been separated
Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle, masculine plural, nominative or vocative case, of the verb ἀποσπάω (apospaō). It describes a state of being drawn away, separated, or pulled apart from something. It indicates a completed action with a continuing result, meaning someone or something has been definitively separated.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΙΣΘΕΝΤΕΣ, ΔΙΑΚΕΚΟΜΜΕΝΟΙ
G5056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TEH-los
Translations: end, a goal, a purpose, an outcome, a completion, a tax, a custom, a duty
Notes: This word refers to an end, a goal, a purpose, or the completion of something. It can also refer to a tax or custom duty. It is often used to denote the conclusion of an event or process, or the ultimate aim or objective. In some contexts, it refers to the payment of tribute or taxes.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΕΡΑΣ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΙΑ, ΤΕΛΕΥΤΗ
Etymology: The word ΤΕΛΟΣ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to turn, to accomplish, to fulfill'. It is related to words signifying completion, fulfillment, and the end of a process.
G3860
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pa-ra-de-DOH-ko-tes
Translations: delivered, handed over, committed, entrusted, betrayed
Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning 'having delivered' or 'those who have delivered'. It describes an action that has been completed in the past and has ongoing results. It can refer to physically handing something over, entrusting something to someone, or even betraying someone by handing them over to an enemy. In the provided context, it refers to those who have 'handed themselves over' to pleasures and deceit.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect Active Participle
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΕΓΧΕΙΡΙΖΩ
G1438
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-ow-TOOS
Translations: themselves
Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning 'themselves'. It is used to refer back to the subject of the sentence or clause, indicating that the action is performed by the subject upon itself. For example, 'they save themselves'.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
G1939
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: eh-pee-thoo-MEE-aiss
Translations: desires, lusts, cravings, passions
Notes: This word refers to strong desires, cravings, or passions. It can be used in a neutral sense for any strong desire, but often carries a negative connotation, referring to sinful lusts or covetousness. It describes an intense longing or yearning for something.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΡΕΞΙΣ, ΠΑΘΟΣ, ΗΔΟΝΗ
G0165
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ahee-OH-nos
Translations: of an age, of an eternity, of a world, of time, of the world, of the age, of eternity
Notes: This word refers to a period of time, an age, or an eternity. It can also refer to the world or the universe, especially in the sense of the present world order or the world to come. In this genitive form, it often indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of an age' or 'of the world'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΟΥ, ΚΟΣΜΟΥ
G5124
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toys
Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.
G3341
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: meh-TAH-noy-ah
Translations: repentance, a repentance, change of mind, conversion
Notes: This word refers to a change of mind, a turning around, or a conversion. It implies a fundamental shift in one's thinking, attitude, or direction, often leading to a change in behavior. It is frequently used in a religious context to denote a turning away from sin and towards God.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΟΦΗ, ΜΕΤΑΜΕΛΕΙΑ
Etymology: The word ΜΕΤΑΝΟΙΑ is a compound word derived from the preposition μετά (meta), meaning 'after' or 'with', and the verb νοέω (noeo), meaning 'to perceive' or 'to think'. Thus, it literally means 'to think differently afterwards' or 'a change of mind'.
G2222
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ZOH-ays
Translations: (of) life, (of) a life
Notes: Ζωῆς (zōēs) is the genitive singular form of the noun ζωή (zōē), which means 'life'. This form is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, often translated as 'of life' or 'belonging to life'. It can refer to physical life, spiritual life, or a way of living. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the word of life' or 'the tree of life'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G4369
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-ETH-ee-kan
Translations: they added, they put to, they continued, they did again
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'toward', and the verb τίθημι (tithēmi), meaning 'to put' or 'to place'. Together, it means 'to put to', 'to add', or 'to give in addition'. In the provided examples, it often conveys the sense of 'to continue to do something' or 'to do something again'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΘΕΝΤΟ, ΕΠΕΘΗΚΑΝ
G0266
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hah-mar-TEE-ais
Translations: sins, (in) sins, (with) sins, (by) sins
Notes: This word refers to sins or trespasses, actions that miss the mark of God's will or moral standard. It is often used in a religious or ethical context to describe wrongdoing or moral failure. In this form, it indicates the plural dative case, meaning 'to/for sins' or 'by/with sins', depending on the preposition or verb it accompanies.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΜΙΑ, ΠΑΡΑΠΤΩΜΑ, ΑΔΙΚΙΑ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, of themselves
Notes: This word is a pronoun indicating possession or relation, specifically for a group of people or things. It is used to mean 'of them' or 'their', often referring back to a previously mentioned plural noun or pronoun.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G3686
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: O-no-MA
Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority
Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or even authority, as a name often represents the person or entity itself. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive; Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥. It is cognate with Latin nōmen and English name.
G0987
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eb-blas-fay-MAY-san
Translations: they blasphemed, they reviled, they slandered, they spoke evil of
Notes: This word describes the act of speaking evil, reviling, or slandering, particularly against God or sacred things. It implies a disrespectful or abusive use of language. In a sentence, it would be used to indicate that a group of people engaged in such an act.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΛΟΓΕΩ, ΛΟΙΔΟΡΕΩ
G5108
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: toy-OO-tone
Translations: of such, of such a kind, of this kind, of that kind
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'such' or 'of such a kind'. It is used to describe something that is of the nature or quality previously mentioned or implied. In this inflected form, it functions as a genitive plural, indicating possession or relationship, often translated as 'of such (things/people)'. It can refer to both people and things.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders
Synonyms: ΟΙΟΣ, ΤΟΣΟΥΤΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G2288
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAH-nah-tos
Translations: death, a death
Notes: This word refers to death, the cessation of life. It can be used literally to describe physical death, or metaphorically to describe spiritual death or separation from God. It is often used in contexts discussing mortality, judgment, or the end of an era.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΥΤΗ, ΑΠΟΒΙΩΣΙΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *dʰenh₂- 'to die'. It is related to the verb θνῄσκω (thnēskō, 'to die').
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G4640
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: skir-TON-tah
Translations: leaping, jumping, skipping, dancing, prancing
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'skirtaō', meaning 'to leap' or 'to jump'. As a participle, it describes an ongoing action and can function adjectivally (e.g., 'the leaping one') or adverbially (e.g., 'while leaping'). It conveys the sense of energetic, often joyful, movement.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative or Nominative, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΜΑΙ, ΠΗΔΑΩ
Etymology: The verb 'skirtaō' is thought to be of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to spring' or 'to bound'.
G0243
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Part of Speech: Prefix
Sounds like: ALL
Translations: other, another, different, foreign
Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.
G5117
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TOH-poh
Translations: to a place, in a place, at a place, a place
Notes: This word refers to a specific location, area, or region. It is often used to indicate where an action takes place or where something is situated. In the provided examples, it is used with the preposition 'ἐν' (en), meaning 'in' or 'at', to denote a specific location.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΟΙΚΟΣ
G1762
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Verb
Sounds like: EH-nee
Translations: there is, there are, it is possible, it is lawful, it is present, it is in
Notes: ΕΝΙ is an enclitic adverbial form of the verb εἰμί (eimi), meaning 'to be'. It typically translates to 'there is' or 'there are', indicating existence or presence. It can also convey the meaning 'it is possible' or 'it is lawful'. In some contexts, it functions as an adverb meaning 'in' or 'within', often implying 'it is in' or 'it is present in'. It is a common word in Koine Greek, used to express existence or possibility.
Inflection: Third person singular, present indicative, active, enclitic form of εἰμί (eimi)
Synonyms: ΕΣΤΙΝ, ΥΠΑΡΧΕΙ
G1006
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: bos-KO-meh-nah
Translations: being fed, being pastured, grazing, those being fed, those being pastured
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ΒΟΣΚΩ', meaning 'to feed' or 'to pasture'. As a participle, it describes an action that is ongoing or in progress, functioning like an adjective or adverb. In this form, it means 'being fed' or 'being pastured', often referring to animals grazing. It can be used to describe a group of things or beings that are in the process of being nourished or tended.
Inflection: Participle, Present, Middle/Passive, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Plural
Synonyms: ΝΕΜΟΜΕΝΑ, ΠΟΙΜΑΙΝΟΜΕΝΑ
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-on
Translations: Lord, a Lord, master, a master, owner, an owner
Notes: This word means 'Lord,' 'master,' or 'owner.' It is frequently used in ancient Greek texts, including the New Testament, to refer to God or Jesus Christ, or to a human master or owner. As an accusative singular form, it typically functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition, indicating 'the Lord' or 'a Lord' as the recipient of an action.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ
G3762
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: oo-DEN
Translations: nothing, none, not any, no one
Notes: This word is a negative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one' when used as a pronoun, and 'not any' or 'no' when used as an adjective. It is a compound word formed from the negative particle οὐ (ou, 'not') and the indefinite pronoun εἷς (heis, 'one'). It is used to express absolute negation.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΗΔΕΝ, ΟΥ̓ΔΕΝΟΣ
G2704
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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective
Sounds like: kah-tef-thar-MEH-noy
Translations: corrupted, depraved, ruined, destroyed, utterly corrupted, utterly destroyed
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been corrupted' or 'having been destroyed'. It describes a state of complete moral or physical ruin. It is often used to describe people who are morally depraved or whose minds have been corrupted. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, or can be used substantively (as a noun) to refer to 'the corrupted ones'.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect Passive Participle
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΦΘΕΙΡΩ, ΦΘΕΙΡΩ
G1680
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: EL-peess
Translations: hope, a hope, expectation, a trust, a confidence
Notes: This word refers to a confident expectation, a trust, or a belief in a positive future outcome. It can describe both the act of hoping and the object of that hope. It is often used in a theological context to refer to the Christian hope in God's promises.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΙΣ, ΠΕΠΟΙΘΗΣΙΣ
Etymology: From an assumed base of *ελπ- (elp-), meaning 'to hope'. It is related to the verb ἐλπίζω (elpizō), 'to hope'.
G2076
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tee
Translations: is, he is, she is, it is, there is
Notes: This word is the third person singular present indicative form of the verb 'to be'. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being. For example, it can mean 'he is', 'she is', 'it is', or simply 'is' in a sentence.
Inflection: Third person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with the English word 'is' and Latin 'est'.
G3341
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: meh-tah-NOY-ahs
Translations: of repentance, of a change of mind, of a change of heart
Notes: This word refers to a change of mind, a turning around, or repentance. It signifies a fundamental shift in one's thinking, attitude, or direction, often implying a moral or spiritual transformation. It is frequently used in contexts of turning away from sin and towards God. It is a compound word formed from 'μετά' (meta), meaning 'after' or 'with', and 'νοέω' (noeo), meaning 'to perceive' or 'to think'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΟΦΗ, ΜΕΤΑΜΕΛΕΙΑ
G3588, G3739, G2228
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection
Sounds like: AY
Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah
Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)
Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.
G1410
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: doo-NAN-tai
Translations: they are able, they can, they have power, they are strong enough
Notes: This word means 'they are able' or 'they can'. It describes the capacity or power of a group of people or things to do something. It is often followed by an infinitive verb, indicating what they are able to do.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΩ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΩ
G2198
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ZAY-sai
Translations: to live, to be alive, to have life
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'to live'. It signifies the act of living or being alive, often in a general sense or referring to the commencement or continuation of life. It can be used in various contexts to express existence, vitality, or the experience of life.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΒΙΟΩ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ
G2692
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kah-tah-ftho-RAH
Translations: destruction, corruption, ruin, a destruction, a corruption, a ruin
Notes: This word refers to the act or process of destruction, corruption, or ruin. It implies a state of decay or complete deterioration, often with a sense of moral or physical decay. It can be used to describe the ruin of cities, the corruption of morals, or the physical decay of something.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΠΩΛΕΙΑ, ΦΘΟΡΑ, ΟΛΕΘΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΦΘΟΡΑ (kataphthora) is derived from the verb καταφθείρω (kataphtheirō), meaning 'to destroy completely' or 'to corrupt thoroughly'. It is formed from the prefix κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'completely', and φθείρω (phtheirō), meaning 'to corrupt' or 'to destroy'.
G1680
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: el-PEE-dah
Translations: hope, a hope, expectation, an expectation
Notes: This word refers to the feeling of expectation and desire for something to happen, often with a sense of confidence or trust. It is used to describe both a general feeling of hope and the specific object of that hope. It can be used in sentences like 'We have hope for the future' or 'He placed his hope in God'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΔΟΚΙΑ, ΠΙΣΤΙΣ
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EKH-ei
Translations: he has, she has, it has, he holds, she holds, it holds, he possesses, she possesses, it possesses
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to have', 'to hold', or 'to possess'. It is used to indicate ownership, possession, or a state of being. For example, it can describe someone having an object, a quality, or a particular condition.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΚΤΩΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ
G0365
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-nah-NEH-oh-seh-ohs
Translations: of renewal, of a renewal
Notes: This word refers to the act or process of renewal, renovation, or restoration. It signifies a change for the better, a fresh start, or a spiritual transformation. It is often used in contexts describing a moral or spiritual renewal of a person or community. This is a compound word formed from the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb νεόω (neoo), meaning 'to make new'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ἈΝΑΚΑΙΝΙΣΙΣ, ἈΝΑΓΕΝΝΗΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word ἀνανέωσις (ananeōsis) is derived from the verb ἀνανεόω (ananeoo), meaning 'to renew' or 'to make new again'. It is formed from the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the root νέος (neos), meaning 'new'.
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TI-nos
Translations: of someone, of something, of anyone, of anything, of a certain one, of a certain thing, of what, of whom, whose
Notes: ΤΙΝΟΣ is the genitive singular form of the indefinite or interrogative pronoun 'τις'. As an indefinite pronoun, it refers to an unspecified person or thing, often translated as 'someone' or 'something'. As an interrogative pronoun, it asks about the identity or nature of a person or thing, translated as 'whose' or 'of what'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΤΙΝΩΝ, ΤΙΝΙ, ΤΙΝΑ
G0684
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ap-OH-li-an
Translations: destruction, ruin, perishing, loss, waste, a destruction, a ruin
Notes: This word refers to a state of ruin, destruction, or perishing, often implying complete loss or waste. It can be used to describe the physical destruction of something or the spiritual ruin of a person.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ὈΛΕΘΡΟΣ, ΦΘΟΡΑ, ΚΑΤΑΒΟΛΗ
G0166
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ahee-OH-nee-on
Translations: eternal, everlasting, age-long, perpetual
Notes: This word describes something that pertains to an age or period of time, often implying a duration that is either without end or of very long duration. It can refer to something that has always existed, will always exist, or is characteristic of a particular age. In many contexts, it is translated as 'eternal' or 'everlasting', emphasizing endless duration.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑἸΔΙΟΣ, ΑΚΑΤΑΛΥΤΟΣ
Etymology: Derived from the Koine Greek word ΑἸΩΝ (AIŌN), meaning 'age' or 'eternity'.
G3825
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: PAH-lin
Translations: again, back, anew, once more, on the other hand, moreover, in turn
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'again' or 'back'. It is used to indicate a repetition of an action or a return to a previous state or place. It can also be used to introduce a contrasting idea, similar to 'on the other hand' or 'moreover'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΥΘΙΣ, ΕΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kwel- (to turn, revolve). It refers to a turning back or repetition.
G4260
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pro-EH-been
Translations: I went forward, I advanced, I proceeded
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forward,' and the verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step.' Together, it means 'to go forward,' 'to advance,' or 'to proceed.' It describes the action of moving onward, either physically or metaphorically, such as in age or progress. It is often used to indicate a progression in a journey or a development in a situation.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 1st Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ΠΡΟΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ
G3398
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun, Adverb
Sounds like: mee-KRON
Translations: small, little, a little, a small thing, a short time
Notes: This word is an adjective that describes something as small in size, quantity, or importance. It can be used to refer to physical smallness, a small amount, or something of lesser significance. In its neuter form, it can also function as a noun meaning 'a small thing' or 'a little bit', or as an adverb meaning 'a little' or 'for a short time'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative; or Masculine or Feminine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΛΙΓΟΣ, ΒΡΑΧΥΣ
Etymology: The word ΜΙΚΡΟΣ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'small'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of smallness or littleness.
G1166
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: DEIK-noo-ee
Translations: shows, points out, demonstrates, proves, makes known, reveals
Notes: This word means to show, point out, demonstrate, or prove. It is used to indicate the act of making something visible or clear to others, whether physically or conceptually. It can be used in contexts where someone is displaying an object, revealing information, or providing evidence to support a claim.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΔΗΛΟΩ, ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΠΤΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *deyk-, meaning 'to show, point out'. It is related to words meaning 'to point' or 'to indicate'.
G3173
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MEH-gahn
Translations: great, large, mighty, important, a great, a large
Notes: This word describes something as being great in size, importance, or intensity. It is used to modify nouns, indicating a significant quality or scale, such as a 'great fear' or a 'great priest'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΜΕΓΑΛΟΣ
G5616
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: OH-say
Translations: as if, as, like, about, approximately, some, nearly
Notes: ΩΣΕΙ is an adverb or conjunction used to indicate comparison, approximation, or similarity. It can mean "as if," "like," "about," or "approximately." It is often used to describe a quantity or duration that is not exact, or to introduce a hypothetical situation.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΠΕΡΙΠΟΥ
Etymology: From the Greek word ὡς (hōs), meaning "as" or "like," combined with the particle εἰ (ei), meaning "if."
G0066
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: AH-gree-on
Translations: wild, a wild, savage, fierce, untamed, rustic, a rustic
Notes: This word describes something as wild, untamed, or savage. It can refer to animals that are not domesticated, or to people who are uncivilized or fierce. It can also describe things that grow in the wild, like plants, or a person who lives in the countryside.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ἈΓΡΙΟΣ, ΘΗΡΙΩΔΗΣ, ἈΝΗΜΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word originates from the Greek word ἀγρός (agros), meaning 'field' or 'countryside', indicating something belonging to or found in the fields, hence 'wild' or 'rustic'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAY
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which
Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.
G1491
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-DEH-ah
Translations: form, appearance, kind, nature, idea, a form, an appearance, a kind, a nature, an idea
Notes: This word refers to the outward form or appearance of something, its shape, or its visible aspect. It can also denote a specific kind, type, or nature of a thing. In philosophical contexts, particularly influenced by Platonic thought, it can refer to an abstract concept or an ideal archetype, from which physical things derive their existence. It is used to describe how something looks or what category it belongs to.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΜΟΡΦΗ, ΣΧΗΜΑ, ΕΙΔΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἸΔΕΑ comes from the Greek verb 'idein' (to see), related to the root 'id-' meaning 'to see' or 'to know'. It originally referred to that which is seen, hence 'form' or 'appearance'.
G4029
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: peh-ree-KEE-meh-non
Translations: lying around, surrounding, wearing, put around, a thing lying around, a surrounding thing
Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'perikeimai', meaning 'to lie around', 'to be placed around', 'to surround', or 'to wear'. It is a compound word formed from 'peri' (around) and 'keimai' (to lie). It describes something that is situated around another object or person, or something that is being worn.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Present, Middle or Passive Participle
Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΒΑΛΛΟΜΕΝΟΝ, ΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΝ
G1192
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DER-ma
Translations: skin, a skin, hide, a hide, leather, a leather
Notes: This word refers to the outer covering of a body, whether human or animal, or material made from it. It can mean skin, hide, or leather. It is used in a general sense to refer to the integument.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΧΡΩΣ, ΔΟΡΑ
Etymology: The word "derma" comes from the Greek verb "derein," meaning "to flay" or "to skin."
G0012
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ahee-GAY-on
Translations: of a goat, goatskin, a goatskin
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'of a goat' or 'goatskin'. It is used to describe something that pertains to a goat, such as its hide or a product made from it. For example, it could describe a 'goatskin cloak' or 'goatskin bag'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Etymology: The word αἴγειος (aigeios) is derived from the Koine Greek noun αἴξ (aix), meaning 'goat'.
G3022
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: LEF-kon
Translations: white, bright, shining, a white thing
Notes: This word describes something as being white or bright in color. It can also refer to something that is shining or radiant. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, agreeing with it in gender, number, and case.
Inflection: Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative; Singular; Neuter
Synonyms: ΦΑΕΙΝΟΣ, ΛΑΜΠΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΛΕΥΚΟΣ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'light' or 'bright'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that also refer to light or whiteness.
G0142
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PEE-ran
Translations: they took, they carried, they lifted, they raised
Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'αἴρω' (airō). It means 'they took', 'they carried', 'they lifted', or 'they raised'. It describes an action that was completed in the past, often with the sense of picking something up or removing it. For example, it can be used to describe people lifting their voices or taking something away.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΑΝΑΙΡΩ
Etymology: The verb 'αἴρω' (airō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to lift, to raise'.
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-khen
Translations: he had, she had, it had, he was having, she was having, it was having
Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, indicating that someone or something possessed or held something over a period of time.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEE
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to
Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G5606
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OH-mohn
Translations: of shoulders
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun 'shoulder'. It refers to the part of the body where the arm connects to the torso. In a sentence, it would indicate possession or origin related to multiple shoulders, for example, 'the burden of their shoulders'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Etymology: The word ὦμος (ōmos) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words for 'shoulder' in other Indo-European languages.
G4464
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: RAHB-don
Translations: rod, a rod, staff, a staff, scepter, a scepter, club, a club
Notes: This word refers to a rod, staff, or stick, often used for support, as a weapon, or as a symbol of authority (like a scepter). It can also refer to a club or a branch. In the provided context, it appears to be used in various senses, including a literal rod or staff, and metaphorically as a symbol of authority or discipline.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΞΥΛΟΝ, ΒΑΚΤΗΡΙΑ
G4642
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: sklay-RAHN
Translations: hard, a hard, harsh, a harsh, severe, a severe, difficult, a difficult
Notes: This word describes something as hard, harsh, severe, or difficult. It can refer to physical hardness, or to a harsh disposition, a severe situation, or a difficult task. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, describing its quality.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΥΣΚΟΛΟΣ, ΒΑΡΥΣ
Etymology: The word ΣΚΛΗΡΟΣ comes from an ancient root meaning 'hard' or 'stiff'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey similar meanings of rigidity or difficulty.
G3029
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: LEE-ahn
Translations: very, exceedingly, greatly, much, extremely
Notes: This word is an adverb that means 'very' or 'exceedingly'. It is used to intensify the meaning of an adjective, another adverb, or a verb, indicating a high degree or extent of something. For example, it can be used to say 'very good' or 'greatly rejoice'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΦΟΔΡΑ, ΠΟΛΥ, ΜΑΛΑ
Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the idea of 'smoothness' or 'plainness', which then developed into the meaning of 'very' or 'exceedingly'.
G3605
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: oh-ZOOS
Translations: smelling, emitting an odor, stinking
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to smell' or 'to emit an odor'. It describes something that is currently giving off a smell, which can be either pleasant or unpleasant depending on the context. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun to indicate that the noun is the one doing the smelling or emitting of the odor.
Inflection: Present Active Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Plural
Etymology: The word ὄζω (ozō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed- 'to smell'.
G2192
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ekh-OO-san
Translations: having, possessing, holding, a having, a possessing, a holding
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἘΧΩ', meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an ongoing action or state. In this form, it describes a feminine singular noun that is the direct object of a verb, indicating that it is 'the one having' or 'the one possessing' something.
Inflection: Present Active Participle, Feminine, Singular, Accusative
Synonyms: ΚΤΩΜΕΝΗΝ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΗΝ
G3148
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: mas-TEE-gah
Translations: scourge, a scourge, whip, a whip, plague, a plague, calamity, a calamity
Notes: This word refers to a whip or lash, typically used for punishment or torture. It can also metaphorically denote a severe affliction, plague, or calamity, signifying a divine or natural disaster that causes widespread suffering. It is used to describe both physical instruments of punishment and the suffering itself.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΛΗΓΗ, ΜΑΣΤΙΞ
Etymology: The word ΜΑΣΤΙΓΑ (mastiga) is derived from the root ΜΑΣΤΙΞ (mastix), meaning 'whip' or 'scourge'. Its origin is uncertain, but it is thought to be pre-Greek.
G3173
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: meh-GAH-len
Translations: great, large, mighty, a great, a large, a mighty
Notes: This word describes something as being great in size, importance, or intensity. It is used to qualify nouns, indicating that the noun possesses the quality of greatness. For example, it can refer to a large city, a significant event, or a powerful emotion.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ
G0990
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BLEM-ma
Translations: look, a look, gaze, a gaze, sight, a sight, glance, a glance
Notes: This word refers to a look, gaze, or sight, specifically the act of looking or the object of one's gaze. It can describe a fixed or steady look, or simply the faculty of sight. It is used to describe how someone directs their eyes towards something or someone.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΘΕΑ
Etymology: From the verb βλέπω (blepō), meaning 'to see' or 'to look'. It refers to the result or product of seeing.
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-kheh
Translations: he had, she had, it had, he was having, she was having, it was having
Notes: This word is the third person singular imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, or a state of possession that existed in the past. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'He had a house' or 'She was holding the book'.
Inflection: Third person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΚΤΩΜΑΙ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ
G4061
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: peh-ree-PIK-ron
Translations: very bitter, exceedingly bitter, a very bitter thing
Notes: This word is a compound adjective formed from 'περί' (peri), meaning 'around' or 'very/exceedingly', and 'πικρόν' (pikron), meaning 'bitter'. It describes something that is intensely or exceedingly bitter. It can be used to describe a taste, a feeling, or a situation that is harsh or grievous.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΣΦΟΔΡΑ ΠΙΚΡΟΝ, ΛΙΑΝ ΠΙΚΡΟΝ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΠΕΡΙ (peri), meaning 'around, about, exceedingly', and the adjective ΠΙΚΡΟΝ (pikron), meaning 'bitter'.
G5620
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: HOH-steh
Translations: so that, in order that, consequently, therefore, with the result that
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause of result or purpose. It indicates that what follows is a consequence or the intended outcome of what was previously stated. It can also introduce an infinitive clause to express result.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΔΙΟ
Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs), meaning 'as' or 'how', combined with the particle τε (te), meaning 'and' or 'also'. It developed to express result or consequence.
G5399
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: foh-bee-THAY-nye
Translations: to fear, to be afraid, to reverence, to respect
Notes: This word is an aorist infinitive form of the verb 'phobeo'. It means 'to fear' or 'to be afraid', often in the sense of being terrified or intimidated. However, it can also carry the positive connotation of 'to reverence' or 'to respect', especially when referring to God or authority. It functions as a verbal noun, expressing the action of fearing or reverencing.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΔΕΙΔΩ, ΤΡΕΜΩ
G1691
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MEH
Translations: me
Notes: This word is the first-person singular pronoun 'me' in the accusative case. It is used as the direct object of a verb or as the object of certain prepositions, indicating the recipient of an action or the object being affected.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, First Person
Etymology: The word ΜΕ (me) derives from the ancient Greek first-person singular pronoun. Its form has remained largely consistent throughout various stages of the Greek language.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: him, it, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun, typically meaning 'him' or 'it' when used as a personal pronoun. It can also be used intensively to mean 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject or object. It refers to a previously mentioned male person or a neuter object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter
G5108
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: toy-OO-ton
Translations: such, such a, of such a kind, such a one, such a thing
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'such' or 'of such a kind'. It is used to describe something that is of a particular nature, quality, or degree, often referring back to something previously mentioned or implied. It can be used to emphasize the quality of a person or thing.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΤΟΙΟΣΔΕ, ΤΟΣΟΥΤΟΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΤΟΙΟΣ (toios, "such") and the enclitic particle -ΟΥΤΟΣ (-outos, "this").
G4166
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: poy-MAYN
Translations: shepherd, a shepherd, pastor, a pastor
Notes: This word refers to a person who tends, feeds, or guards flocks of sheep, goats, or other livestock. Figuratively, it can also refer to a leader or guide, especially in a spiritual sense, like a pastor or overseer of a congregation. It is used to describe someone who cares for and protects others.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΙΠΟΙΜΗΝ, ΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΣ
Etymology: From an assumed primary verb ποιμάω (poimaō), meaning 'to shepherd'. It is related to the concept of feeding and tending.
G3880
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: par-el-AM-ba-ne
Translations: was receiving, was taking along, used to receive, was taking over, was taking aside
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from παρά (para, 'alongside, from') and λαμβάνω (lambanō, 'to take, to receive'). It means to receive from another, to take along with oneself, or to take over. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, such as someone continuously receiving something or repeatedly taking someone or something along.
Inflection: Imperfect Active Indicative, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ
Etymology: The word παραλαμβάνω is a compound of the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside, from, by,' and the verb λαμβάνω (lambanō), meaning 'to take, to receive.' Its meaning is derived from the combination of these two elements, indicating an action of taking or receiving that occurs alongside or from someone or something else.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G4166
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: poy-MEH-nos
Translations: of a shepherd, of the shepherd
Notes: This word refers to a shepherd, someone who tends, feeds, and guards sheep. In a broader sense, it can also refer to a leader or a spiritual guide, much like a pastor or a ruler who cares for their people. This particular form is the genitive singular, indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of a shepherd' or 'belonging to a shepherd'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΟΣΚΟΣ, ΑΡΧΙΠΟΙΜΗΝ
G3495
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: neh-ah-NEE-skoo
Translations: of a young man, of a youth, of a young servant
Notes: This word refers to a young man or a youth, often implying someone in the prime of life, typically between adolescence and middle age. It can also refer to a young servant or attendant. As a genitive form, it indicates possession or origin.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΝΕΟΣ, ΝΕΑΝΙΑΣ
G1565
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: eh-KAY-nah
Translations: those, those things
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'that' or 'those'. It points to something distant in space or time, or to something previously mentioned. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, agreeing with it in gender, number, and case. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΥΤΟΣ, ΟΔΕ
G4684
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: spa-ta-LOHN-ta
Translations: living luxuriously, living riotously, living wantonly, living extravagantly, living sumptuously
Notes: This word describes someone who lives in luxury, often to an excessive or wasteful degree. It implies a lifestyle characterized by self-indulgence and extravagance, sometimes with negative connotations of wantonness or riotous living. It functions as a participle, acting like an adjective to describe a noun, or sometimes as a substantive (a noun itself).
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΡΥΦΑΩ, ΑΣΩΤΕΥΩ
G5171
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: troo-PHON-tah
Translations: living luxuriously, living delicately, living sumptuously, living in luxury, living in pleasure, living in wantonness
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to live luxuriously' or 'to live delicately'. It describes someone who is indulging in pleasure, living sumptuously, or enjoying a life of ease and abundance, often with a connotation of self-indulgence or wantonness. It can be used to describe individuals or groups who are characterized by such a lifestyle.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural
Synonyms: ΣΠΑΤΑΛΩΝΤΑ, ΑΣΩΤΕΥΟΝΤΑ
G0906
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-BAH-len
Translations: threw, cast, put, laid
Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'βάλλω' (ballō), meaning 'to throw', 'to cast', 'to put', or 'to lay'. It describes an action that happened in the past, completed at a specific point in time. It is often used to describe someone throwing an object, casting lots, or placing something down.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΡΙΠΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TAH
Translations: them, these things, it, the same
Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun/adjective 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ' (autos). In this form, it functions as a neuter plural pronoun, meaning 'them' or 'these things', referring to inanimate objects or concepts. It can also be used as an adjective meaning 'the same'. It typically serves as the subject or direct object of a verb.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΙΝΑ
G5117
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TO-pon
Translations: place, a place, region, a region, spot, a spot, location, a location
Notes: This word refers to a specific physical location, area, or region. It can be used to denote a particular spot, a general area, or even a position or status. For example, it might be used to say 'this place' or 'in that region'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΟΙΚΟΣ
G2912
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: krem-NO-dee
Translations: steep, precipitous, craggy, steep places, precipitous places
Notes: This word describes something that is steep, precipitous, or craggy, often referring to a place or terrain. It is used to characterize areas that are difficult to traverse due to their sharp incline or ruggedness.
Inflection: Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΤΟΜΟΣ, ΒΑΘΥΣ, ΟΡΕΙΝΟΣ
G0017
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-kan-THOH-day
Translations: thorny, full of thorns, prickly
Notes: This adjective describes something that is covered in thorns or has a thorny, prickly nature. It is used to characterize things that are rough, difficult, or harmful, much like a path or plant full of thorns.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Etymology: The word "akanthodes" comes from "akantha" (thorn) and the suffix "-odes" (full of, resembling). It literally means "full of thorns" or "thorny."
G5146
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: tree-bo-LOH-dee
Translations: thorny, full of thorns, like a thistle
Notes: This word describes something that is thorny or full of thorns, or that resembles a thistle. It is used to characterize plants or ground that are covered with sharp, prickly growths. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something difficult or troublesome, like a thorny issue.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΚΑΝΘΩΔΗΣ
G0001
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-KAN-thohn
Translations: of thorns, thorns
Notes: This word refers to thorny plants, briars, or thistles. It is used to describe things that are sharp, prickly, or difficult to navigate, often metaphorically representing obstacles or troubles. As a genitive plural, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of thorns' or 'belonging to thorns'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΡΙΒΟΛΟΙ, ΒΑΤΟΙ
Etymology: The word ΑΚΑΝΘΑ is derived from the Greek word ἀκή (akē), meaning 'point' or 'sharp edge', referring to the sharp nature of thorns.
G5146
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TREE-boh-lohn
Translations: of caltrops, of thistles, of tribulus plants
Notes: This word refers to a caltrop, a thorny plant, or a thistle. It is often used metaphorically to describe something that is prickly, troublesome, or unproductive, similar to how thorns or thistles are undesirable in a field. In the provided context, it is used in the genitive plural, indicating 'of caltrops' or 'of thistles'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΚΑΝΘΑ, ΣΚΟΛΟΨ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek τρίβολος (tríbolos, “caltrop, three-pronged instrument”), from τρεῖς (treîs, “three”) + βολή (bolḗ, “a throw, a cast”). It refers to a plant with three-pronged thorns, or a military device with four spikes arranged so that one always points upward.
G1410
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: doo-NAH-sthai
Translations: to be able, to have power, to be strong, can
Notes: This is the present middle/passive infinitive form of the verb 'δύναμαι'. It means 'to be able' or 'to have power'. It is often used in constructions where one expresses the ability or capacity to do something, similar to the English 'can' or 'to be able to'.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΩ, ΕΞΕΣΤΙ
Etymology: From the root 'δύναμαι', meaning 'to be able'. It is related to 'δύναμις' (dynamis), meaning 'power' or 'ability'.
G1607
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ek-PLEK-sai
Translations: to be amazed, to be astonished, to be struck with wonder, to be astounded
Notes: This word is an infinitive form of the verb meaning 'to strike out of' or 'to amaze'. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐκ' (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and 'πλήσσω' (plēssō), meaning 'to strike' or 'to smite'. When used, it describes a state of being overwhelmed by something, often in a positive sense of wonder or admiration, but can also imply being startled or shocked. It is often used to describe the reaction of people to Jesus' teachings or miracles.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΘΑΥΜΑΖΩ, ΕΚΘΑΜΒΕΩ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition 'ἐκ' (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb 'πλήσσω' (plēssō), meaning 'to strike' or 'to smite'. The combination implies being 'struck out of' one's senses or normal state, leading to amazement.
G1707
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: em-PLEH-kes-thai
Translations: to entangle, to involve, to be entangled, to be involved
Notes: This is a compound verb meaning to entangle or to involve. It is often used in the middle or passive voice, implying that one becomes entangled or involved in something, or entangles oneself. It can describe being caught in a snare or being caught up in affairs or difficulties.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΣΥΜΠΛΕΚΩ, ΠΕΡΙΠΛΕΚΩ
Etymology: The word ἘΜΠΛΈΚΩ is a compound of the preposition ἘΝ (en), meaning 'in' or 'into', and the verb ΠΛΈΚΩ (pleko), meaning 'to plait', 'to weave', or 'to twist'. Thus, it literally means 'to weave into' or 'to twist into'.
G0002
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-KAN-thas
Translations: thorns, thistles, briars
Notes: This word refers to thorny plants, thistles, or briars. It is often used to describe undesirable or harmful vegetation, particularly in agricultural contexts where it represents weeds that choke out good crops. It can also metaphorically represent difficulties or troubles.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΡΙΒΟΛΟΙ, ΣΚΟΛΟΠΕΣ
G5146
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: tree-BO-loos
Translations: thistle, tribulus, caltrop, a thistle
Notes: This word refers to a thorny plant, specifically a thistle or a caltrop. It is often used in a figurative sense to describe something that is troublesome, harmful, or unproductive, similar to how thorns impede growth or cause pain. In the provided context, it appears alongside 'ἀκάνθας' (thorns), reinforcing its meaning as a noxious weed.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΚΑΝΘΑ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOW-tah
Translations: these, these things
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'these' or 'these things'. It refers to something previously mentioned or understood from the context, pointing it out specifically. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, while as an adjective, it modifies a noun.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G1707
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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective
Sounds like: em-PEP-lehg-meh-na
Translations: entangled, involved, intertwined
Notes: This word describes something that is entangled, intertwined, or involved in a situation. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, or can be used adverbially to describe the manner of an action. It is often used to describe being caught up in difficulties or affairs.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΣΥΜΠΛΕΚΩ, ΠΕΡΙΠΛΕΚΩ
G1006
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-BOS-kon-toh
Translations: they were feeding, they were pasturing, they were grazing
Notes: This word is the imperfect indicative middle/passive form of the verb 'βόσκω'. It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past, specifically the act of feeding, pasturing, or grazing. It is typically used to describe animals feeding themselves or being fed.
Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΝΕΜΩ, ΠΟΙΜΑΙΝΩ
G0001
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-KAN-thais
Translations: thorns, thistles, prickles, brambles
Notes: This word refers to sharp, prickly plants like thorns, thistles, or brambles. It is often used metaphorically to describe difficulties, troubles, or obstacles, similar to how 'thorns in the flesh' is used in English. In the provided examples, it refers to actual thorny plants in a physical sense.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΡΙΒΟΛΟΙ, ΒΑΤΟΣ
G5146
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: tree-BO-loys
Translations: caltrops, thistles, thorns, tribulation
Notes: This word refers to a thorny plant, often translated as 'thistle' or 'brier'. It can also refer to a 'caltrop', which is a military device with spikes designed to impede movement. Metaphorically, it can represent difficulties, troubles, or tribulations, similar to how thorns impede progress or cause pain. It is a compound word, combining 'tri-' (three) and 'bolos' (a throw, or something thrown), possibly referring to the three-pronged nature of some thorny plants or caltrops.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΚΑΝΘΑΙΣ, ΣΚΟΛΟΨΙΝ
G5003
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-tah-lai-POH-roon
Translations: they were suffering, they were distressed, they were afflicted, they were miserable
Notes: This word describes a state of suffering, distress, or misery. It implies enduring hardship or being worn out by difficulties. It is used to convey a sense of being greatly troubled or afflicted.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΠΑΘΕΩ, ΘΛΙΒΩ, ΠΑΣΧΩ
G1194
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: DAI-roh-MEH-nah
Translations: being flayed, being skinned, being beaten, being thrashed, being scourged, being whipped
Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle, meaning 'being flayed' or 'being beaten'. It describes an action being done to the subject, or an action the subject is doing to itself. In the provided context, it suggests being severely afflicted or beaten.
Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Nominative or Accusative Case, Neuter Gender, Plural Number
Synonyms: ΤΥΠΤΟΜΕΝΑ, ΜΑΣΤΙΖΟΜΕΝΑ
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: HOOP
Translations: under, by, with, from, at, through, in, of
Notes: This word is a common Greek preposition and prefix. As a preposition, it typically means 'under' or 'below', but its meaning can vary significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the accusative case, it can indicate motion towards a place ('under', 'to'). As a prefix, it means 'under', 'below', 'less than', or 'secretly', as seen in compound words like 'υποκάτω' (underneath). The form 'ΥΠ' is a common truncation of 'ΥΠΟ' when it acts as a prefix, especially before a vowel, or as part of a compound word.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or prefix)
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑ, ΕΠΙ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: (of) him, his, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun. In this genitive singular form, it typically means 'of him,' 'his,' 'of it,' or 'its,' indicating possession or origin. It can refer to a male person or a neuter object/concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'self'. It is an ancient Greek word that has been in continuous use.
G5602
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OH-deh
Translations: here, hither, in this place, to this place
Notes: This word is an adverb indicating location or direction, meaning 'here' or 'to this place'. It is used to point to a specific location or to indicate movement towards the speaker or a particular spot. For example, it can be used in commands like 'Come here!' or to state that something is located 'here'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΝΘΑΔΕ, ΕΝΤΑΥΘΑ
Etymology: From the demonstrative stem *ho- (this) and the locative suffix -de. It indicates proximity to the speaker.
G2532, G1564
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: kah-KAY-seh
Translations: and thither, and there, and to that place
Notes: This is a compound word formed from the conjunction 'καί' (and, also, even) and the adverb 'ἐκεῖσε' (thither, to that place). It means 'and to that place' or 'and there', indicating movement towards a specific location that has already been mentioned or is understood from context. It functions similarly to 'and over there' or 'and in that direction'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΕΙ, ΚΑΚΕΙΘΕΝ
G4028
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-ree-ay-LAH-oo-nen
Translations: was driving around, was driving about, was driving through, was driving
Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'perielaunō', meaning 'to drive around' or 'to drive about'. It is a compound word formed from 'peri' (around, about) and 'elaunō' (to drive, to push). It describes an action that was ongoing or repeated in the past, indicating someone or something was in the process of being driven or moving around a certain area.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΛΑΥΝΩ, ΔΙΩΚΩ
G0372
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-na-POW-sin
Translations: rest, a rest, repose, relief, refreshment
Notes: This word refers to a state of rest, cessation from labor, or refreshment. It can also imply a place of rest or a period of quiet. It is often used in contexts of finding relief or comfort after hardship or toil.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΣΙΣ, ΗΣΥΧΙΑ, ΚΑΤΑΠΑΥΣΙΣ
Etymology: From ἀνά (ana, 'up, again') and παῦσις (pausis, 'a ceasing, rest').
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOYS
Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her
Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
G1325
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-DIH-doo
Translations: he was giving, she was giving, it was giving, they were giving, he gave, she gave, it gave, they gave
Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'δίδωμι' (didomi), meaning 'to give'. The imperfect tense describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, or an action that was attempted or in progress. It can be translated as 'was giving' or simply 'gave' depending on the context, emphasizing the continuous or habitual nature of the action.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular or Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΔΩΡΕΩ
G3654
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OH-lohs
Translations: wholly, entirely, altogether, at all, completely
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'wholly,' 'entirely,' or 'altogether,' indicating completeness or totality. It can also be used in negative contexts to mean 'at all.' For example, it might be used to say 'not at all' or 'completely not'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΩΣ, ΤΕΛΕΙΩΣ
G2150
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: yoo-sta-THOO-san
Translations: being stable, standing firm, being steadfast, being constant
Notes: This word describes something or someone that is stable, firm, or steadfast. It implies a state of remaining in place, not wavering, or being constant in purpose or position. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing a noun that is in the process of being stable or has the quality of stability.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Present, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΜΕΝΟΥΣΑΝ, ΒΕΒΑΙΑΝ, ΑΚΛΙΝΗ
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