Home / Interlinears (Beta) / The Shepherd of Hermas — Parables / Parable 6 / Chapter 3Parable 6, Chapter 3
Interlinear version from The Shepherd of Hermas — Parables (Beta)
G0991
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: BLEH-ohn
Translations: seeing, looking, beholding
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'to see' or 'to look'. It describes someone who is currently performing the action of seeing or looking. It functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to indicate the ongoing action of the subject.
Inflection: Present Active Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΟΡΩΝ, ΘΕΩΡΩΝ
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TAH
Translations: them, these things, it, the same
Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun/adjective 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ' (autos). In this form, it functions as a neuter plural pronoun, meaning 'them' or 'these things', referring to inanimate objects or concepts. It can also be used as an adjective meaning 'the same'. It typically serves as the subject or direct object of a verb.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΙΝΑ
G3779
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OO-toh
Translations: thus, so, in this way, in like manner
Notes: This word is an adverb of manner, indicating how something is done or the way in which something occurs. It can also refer to the extent or degree of something. It is often used to introduce a consequence or a comparison, meaning 'in this way' or 'thus'. It is an older form of ΟΥΤΩΣ, and both forms are used interchangeably in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΤΩΣ, ΩΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos, 'this'). It indicates 'in this manner' or 'thus', referring back to something previously mentioned or implied.
G3146
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: mas-tee-goo-MEH-nah
Translations: being scourged, being flogged, being whipped, scourged, flogged, whipped
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'mastigoo', meaning 'to scourge' or 'to flog'. As a participle, it describes an action being performed on the subject, indicating that they are in the process of being scourged or have been scourged. It functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb to provide more information about the action or state of being.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Present, Passive
Synonyms: ΔΕΡΩ, ΜΑΣΤΙΖΩ, ΠΛΗΓΩ
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G5003
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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective
Sounds like: tah-lah-ee-poh-ROO-meh-nah
Translations: distressed, afflicted, miserable, suffering, being distressed, being afflicted, being miserable, being suffering
Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being distressed' or 'being afflicted'. It describes someone or something that is currently undergoing hardship, suffering, or misery. It can function adjectivally to describe a noun, or adverbially to describe the manner of an action. It is often used to convey a sense of being worn out or exhausted by difficulties.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Present, Passive
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΥΧΟΥΜΕΝΑ, ΠΑΘΟΝΤΑ, ΘΛΙΒΟΜΕΝΑ
Etymology: The word ταλαιπωρέω (talaipōreō) is a compound word derived from τάλας (talas), meaning 'wretched' or 'miserable', and πωρέω (pōreō), which is related to πόρος (poros), meaning 'passage' or 'way'. The combination suggests a state of being worn out or distressed by a difficult journey or condition.
G3076
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-ly-POO-meen
Translations: I was grieving, I was sorrowing, I was distressed, I was being grieved
Notes: This word is the first person singular imperfect indicative of the verb 'λυπέω' (lypeō), meaning 'to grieve' or 'to cause sorrow'. In the middle voice, it means 'to grieve oneself' or 'to be sorrowful', and in the passive voice, 'to be grieved'. The imperfect tense indicates an ongoing or repeated action in the past. Therefore, 'ἘΛΥΠΟΥΜΗΝ' describes a state of continuous or habitual sorrow or distress experienced by the speaker in the past.
Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, 1st Person, Singular, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΠΕΝΘΕΩ, ΣΤΕΝΑΖΩ
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: ep
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with
Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).
Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOYS
Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her
Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G3779
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OO-tohs
Translations: thus, so, in this way, in such a way
Notes: This adverb indicates manner or degree, meaning 'in this way,' 'thus,' or 'so.' It can refer back to something previously mentioned or forward to something about to be stated. It often introduces a consequence or result, showing how something is done or to what extent.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΩΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (OUTOS), meaning 'this' or 'that'.
G0928
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-bah-SAH-nee-ZON-toh
Translations: they were tormented, they were tortured, they were distressed, they were vexed
Notes: This word describes the action of being tormented, tortured, or greatly distressed. It is used to indicate suffering, either physical or mental, often implying a severe trial or affliction. It is in the imperfect tense, indicating an ongoing or repeated action in the past, and in the passive voice, meaning the subjects were receiving the action.
Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΟΛΑΖΩ, ΤΑΛΑΙΠΩΡΕΩ, ΘΛΙΒΩ
Etymology: The word ΒΑΣΑΝΙΖΩ (basanizo) comes from the noun ΒΑΣΑΝΟΣ (basanos), which originally referred to a Lydian stone used to test the purity of gold and silver. Over time, it came to mean a test, a trial, or torment, leading to the verb's meaning of putting to the test or tormenting.
G0463
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-no-KHEEN
Translations: forbearance, patience, a delay, a truce
Notes: This word refers to a state of holding back or restraining, often implying a temporary cessation of hostilities or a period of patience. It can mean a delay or a truce, indicating a pause in action or a period of tolerance. It is used in sentences to describe a state of allowing something to continue without immediate intervention.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΜΑΚΡΟΘΥΜΙΑ, ΥΠΟΜΟΝΗ
G3654
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OH-lohs
Translations: wholly, entirely, altogether, at all, completely
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'wholly,' 'entirely,' or 'altogether,' indicating completeness or totality. It can also be used in negative contexts to mean 'at all.' For example, it might be used to say 'not at all' or 'completely not'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΩΣ, ΤΕΛΕΙΩΣ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-khon
Translations: had, were having, possessed, held
Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It can be used to indicate possession, a state of being, or to describe an action that was happening over a period of time in the past. For example, 'they had' or 'they were holding'.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΤΩΜΑΙ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΑΙ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LEH-goh
Translations: say, speak, tell, call, mean
Notes: This is a very common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to introduce direct or indirect speech, to give commands, or to express an opinion. It can also mean 'to call' or 'to name' someone or something, or 'to mean' something.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΕΡΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *leg- meaning 'to collect, gather'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to pick out words', hence 'to speak' or 'to say'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G4166
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: poy-MEH-nee
Translations: to a shepherd, for a shepherd, by a shepherd, with a shepherd, a shepherd
Notes: This word refers to a shepherd, someone who tends, feeds, and guards a flock of sheep. It can also be used metaphorically to describe a leader, a pastor, or someone who guides and cares for people. In this form, it is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, or expressing means, instrument, or association.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΙΠΟΙΜΗΝ, ΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΣ
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to
Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MOO
Translations: (of) me, my
Notes: This is the genitive case of the first-person singular pronoun 'I'. It indicates possession or origin, functioning similarly to 'of me' or 'my' in English. It is used to show that something belongs to the speaker or comes from the speaker.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, First Person
Synonyms: ΜΟΥ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is the first-person singular pronoun, indicating the speaker.
G2980
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: lah-LOON-tee
Translations: (to) one speaking, (to) one talking, (to) one uttering
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'λαλέω', meaning 'to speak' or 'to talk'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb while retaining verbal qualities. In this dative singular form, it typically refers to 'to the one who is speaking' or 'to him who speaks', indicating the recipient of an action related to speaking.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Dative, Singular, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΩΝΕΩ, ΕΙΠΩΝ
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-eh
Translations: Lord, O Lord, Master, Sir
Notes: This word is the vocative singular form of the noun ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (KYRIOS), meaning 'Lord,' 'Master,' or 'Sir.' It is used for direct address, similar to saying 'O Lord' or 'My Lord' in English. It is commonly used when speaking directly to God, a respected authority figure, or a master.
Inflection: Singular, Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ
G5101
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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective
Sounds like: TEES
Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing
Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.
Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tin
Translations: is, a is
Notes: This word is the third person singular present indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It means 'he is', 'she is', 'it is', or 'there is'. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being, often linking a subject to a predicate. It can also imply 'exists' or 'happens'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: OO-tos
Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G4166
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: poy-MAYN
Translations: shepherd, a shepherd, pastor, a pastor
Notes: This word refers to a person who tends, feeds, or guards flocks of sheep, goats, or other livestock. Figuratively, it can also refer to a leader or guide, especially in a spiritual sense, like a pastor or overseer of a congregation. It is used to describe someone who cares for and protects others.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΙΠΟΙΜΗΝ, ΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΣ
Etymology: From an assumed primary verb ποιμάω (poimaō), meaning 'to shepherd'. It is related to the concept of feeding and tending.
G0793
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: as-PLANGKH-nos
Translations: unfeeling, unmerciful, pitiless, hard-hearted, without compassion
Notes: This is a compound adjective formed from the alpha privative (ἀ-) meaning 'not' or 'without', and σπλάγχνον (splanchnon), which refers to the inward parts or affections. Therefore, it describes someone who is without compassion, unfeeling, or hard-hearted. It is used to characterize a person who lacks pity or mercy towards others.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΛΕΗΜΩΝ, ΑΠΗΝΗΣ, ΣΚΛΗΡΟΚΑΡΔΙΟΣ
Etymology: From the alpha privative (ἀ-) meaning 'not' or 'without', and σπλάγχνον (splanchnon), meaning 'inward parts, affections, compassion'. It describes a state of being without the natural feelings of pity or mercy.
G4089
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PIK-ros
Translations: bitter, sharp, harsh, cruel, a bitter
Notes: This word describes something as bitter in taste, but it is also frequently used metaphorically to describe something as harsh, sharp, or cruel in nature or character. It can refer to a person's disposition, a day, or an event. For example, a 'bitter day' might refer to a difficult or sorrowful day, and a 'bitter person' would be someone harsh or cruel.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΣΚΛΗΡΟΣ, ΑΠΗΝΗΣ, ΩΜΟΣ
Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to cut' or 'to pierce', suggesting a sharp or pungent quality.
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G4697
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: splagkh-NEE-zo-me-nos
Translations: having compassion, being moved with pity, feeling sympathy
Notes: This word describes the act of being moved with deep compassion or pity, often from the innermost being. It implies a strong emotional response to the suffering or need of others, leading to a desire to help. It is frequently used in the New Testament to describe Jesus's emotional response to people's distress.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΛΕΩ, ΟΙΚΤΕΙΡΩ
Etymology: From σπλάγχνον (splagchnon), meaning 'inward parts, bowels', which were considered the seat of emotions. The verb thus means to be moved in one's inward parts.
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEE
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to
Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G4263
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pro-BAH-tah
Translations: sheep
Notes: This word refers to sheep, which are common domesticated animals. In biblical contexts, sheep are often used metaphorically to represent people, especially followers or those under the care of a shepherd.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From the verb προβαίνω (probainō, 'to go forward'), referring to animals that walk forward, especially livestock. It literally means 'that which walks forward'.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOW-tah
Translations: these, these things
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'these' or 'these things'. It refers to something previously mentioned or understood from the context, pointing it out specifically. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, while as an adjective, it modifies a noun.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PHAY-sin
Translations: he says, she says, it says, he said, she said, it said
Notes: This word is a common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone else has said or to introduce a direct quote. It can be translated as 'he says', 'she says', or 'it says', and often implies 'he/she/it said' in narrative contexts.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΡΩ
Etymology: The word ΦΗΜΙ (phēmi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to speak' or 'to show'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of speaking or declaring.
G0032
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ANG-geh-los
Translations: angel, a angel, messenger, a messenger
Notes: This word refers to a messenger, envoy, or one who is sent to deliver a message. In a religious context, it commonly refers to a divine messenger or an angel. It is a masculine noun and is frequently used in the New Testament to describe both human and divine agents.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΞ, ΔΙΑΚΟΝΟΣ
Etymology: From an assumed primary verb meaning 'to bring tidings'. It is related to the idea of sending or conveying a message.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G5098
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: tee-moh-REE-as
Translations: of punishment, of vengeance, of retribution
Notes: This word refers to punishment, vengeance, or retribution. It describes the act of inflicting a penalty for an offense or wrongdoing. It is often used in contexts where someone is being held accountable for their actions.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΙΚΗ, ΚΟΛΑΣΙΣ
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EK
Translations: out of, from, of
Notes: ἘΚ is a preposition meaning 'out of' or 'from,' indicating origin, source, or separation. It always governs the genitive case, meaning the noun or pronoun following it will be in the genitive form. It can also be used to express the cause or means by which something occurs.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΠΌ
Etymology: From a primary preposition, meaning 'out of' or 'from'. It is a fundamental word in Greek, indicating separation or origin.
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G0032
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ang-GEH-lohn
Translations: of angels, of messengers
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun 'ἈΓΓΕΛΟΣ' (angelos), which means 'messenger' or 'angel'. In Koine Greek, the genitive case often indicates possession, origin, or relationship, similar to using 'of' in English. Therefore, 'ἈΓΓΕΛΩΝ' typically translates to 'of angels' or 'of messengers', indicating something belonging to or related to multiple angels or messengers.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΚΩΝ, ΔΙΑΚΟΝΩΝ
G1344
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: dee-kah-ee-O-ohn
Translations: (of) those who justify, (of) those who declare righteous, (of) those who make righteous
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'dikaioō', meaning 'to justify' or 'to declare righteous'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or noun, describing someone or something that is in the process of justifying or being justified. In this form, it refers to 'those who are justifying' or 'those who are declaring righteous', often implying a group of people performing this action.
Inflection: Present Active Participle, Genitive Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΥΩ, ΑΦΙΗΜΙ
G2076
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tee
Translations: is, he is, she is, it is, there is
Notes: This word is the third person singular present indicative form of the verb 'to be'. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being. For example, it can mean 'he is', 'she is', 'it is', or simply 'is' in a sentence.
Inflection: Third person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with the English word 'is' and Latin 'est'.
G2749
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: KEE-meh-nos
Translations: lying, lying down, situated, placed, set, appointed, destined
Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'κειμαι' (keimai), meaning 'to lie' or 'to be laid'. It describes something or someone that is in a state of lying, being placed, or being situated. It can refer to physical position, or metaphorically to something that is established, appointed, or destined. For example, it can describe a person lying down, an object placed in a certain location, or a law that is set forth.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΤΙΘΕΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΣΤΩΣ, ΚΑΘΗΜΕΝΟΣ
G3880
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pa-ra-lam-BA-nei
Translations: he receives, he takes, he takes along, he takes over, he takes possession of
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'παρά' (para, meaning 'beside' or 'from') and 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō, meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'). It means to receive something, to take something into one's possession, or to take someone along with oneself. It can also imply taking over a responsibility or a position. It is used in sentences where an action of receiving or taking is performed by a third person singular subject.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G0635
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: ah-poh-plah-NOH-meh-noos
Translations: leading astray, deceiving, being led astray, being deceived, those who are led astray, those who are deceived
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from ἀπό (apo, 'from, away from') and πλανάω (planaō, 'to wander, to lead astray'). It means to lead someone away from the right path, to deceive, or to cause someone to err. As a participle, it describes someone who is in the process of being led astray or has been led astray. It can function adjectivally to describe people or things, or substantively as a noun referring to 'those who are led astray'.
Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΛΑΝΆΩ, ἈΠΑΤΆΩ, ΔΟΛΊΖΩ
Etymology: The word ἀποπλανάω is a compound of ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and πλανάω (planaō), meaning 'to wander' or 'to lead astray'. The prefix ἀπό intensifies the sense of being led away or astray.
G0575
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: AH-po
Translations: from, away from, out of, off, (of), by, since, after
Notes: ἈΠΟ is a common Koine Greek preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or source. It is always used with the genitive case. It can mean 'from' or 'away from' a place or person, indicating movement away. It can also denote the cause or agent ('by'), or a temporal starting point ('since', 'after').
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἘΚ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'off' and 'of'.
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAY-oo
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΘΕΟΣ' (theos), meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, the genitive case often indicates possession, origin, or relationship, similar to the English 'of' or the possessive apostrophe 's'. Therefore, 'ΘΕΟΥ' typically translates to 'of God' or 'of a god', depending on the context. It can refer to the one true God or to a pagan deity.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G4198
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: por-yoo-THEN-tas
Translations: having gone, having departed, having traveled, those who have gone, those who have departed
Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle, meaning 'having gone' or 'having departed'. It describes an action that has been completed prior to the main verb of the sentence. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, indicating that the subject of the participle has performed the action of going or departing.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΒΑΔΙΖΩ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ
Etymology: The word ΠΟΡΕΥΩ comes from the Greek word πόρος (poros), meaning 'a way, a passage, a ford'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH-ees
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: This word is the dative plural feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate that the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the dative case, often signifying indirect objects, recipients, or the means by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to the' or 'for the', or simply 'the' depending on the context.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine
G1939
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: eh-pee-thoo-MEE-aiss
Translations: desires, lusts, cravings, passions
Notes: This word refers to strong desires, cravings, or passions. It can be used in a neutral sense for any strong desire, but often carries a negative connotation, referring to sinful lusts or covetousness. It describes an intense longing or yearning for something.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΡΕΞΙΣ, ΠΑΘΟΣ, ΗΔΟΝΗ
G5098
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: tee-moh-REE-ais
Translations: punishments, penalties, vengeance, avengings
Notes: This word refers to punishments or penalties, often implying a form of retribution or vengeance. It is typically used in contexts where consequences are meted out for actions, whether by human authority or divine judgment. It can also refer to the act of avenging or taking vengeance.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΟΛΑΣΕΙΣ, ΕΚΔΙΚΗΣΕΙΣ, ΤΙΣΕΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΤΙΜΩΡΙΑ (timōria) comes from the verb τιμωρέω (timōreō), meaning 'to help, to avenge, to punish'. It is a compound of τιμή (timē), meaning 'honor, value', and ὀρέω (oreō), meaning 'to care for, to look after'. Thus, it originally implied 'caring for one's honor' or 'avenging an insult to one's honor', which evolved into the sense of punishment or retribution.
G2309
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-theh-LON
Translations: I wanted, they wanted, I wished, they wished, I desired, they desired, I was wanting, they were wanting
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to want', 'to wish', or 'to desire'. It is in the imperfect tense, which describes an action that was ongoing, repeated, or habitual in the past. It can be translated as 'I wanted' (first person singular) or 'they wanted' (third person plural), depending on the context of the sentence.
Inflection: Imperfect Active Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ
Etymology: The word ΘΕΛΩ (thelo) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to an ancient root meaning 'to set' or 'to place', evolving to mean 'to set one's mind on' or 'to wish'.
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: FEE-mee
Translations: say, speak, declare, affirm, assert
Notes: This verb means 'to say,' 'to speak,' or 'to declare.' It is often used to introduce direct speech or to affirm a statement. It can be used in various tenses and moods to express an action of speaking or stating something.
Inflection: Present Active Indicative, 1st Person Singular; or Present Active Infinitive
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΕΡΩ
Etymology: From a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to speak, tell, say.' It is related to Latin 'fari' (to speak) and English 'fame'.
G1097
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: gno-NAI
Translations: to know, to understand, to perceive, to learn, to recognize
Notes: This is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'γινώσκω' (ginōskō), meaning 'to know'. It expresses the action of knowing or coming to know in a general sense, without specifying the time of the action. It is often used as the object of another verb or as a complement to an adjective, indicating purpose or result, such as 'to be able to know' or 'for the purpose of knowing'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΟΙΔΑ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G4164
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: poy-KEE-las
Translations: various, varied, diverse, manifold, many-colored, variegated, intricate, complex
Notes: This word describes something that is varied, diverse, or many-colored. It can refer to a wide range of things, from different kinds of objects to complex or intricate ideas. It is often used to emphasize the richness or complexity of something.
Inflection: Feminine, Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΔΙΑΦΟΡΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΜΟΡΦΟΣ
G5129
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TAH-oo-tas
Translations: these
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning "this" or "these." It is used to point out something specific, similar to how "this" or "these" are used in English. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, agreeing with it in gender, number, and case. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ΟΥ͂ΤΟΣ
G4217
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: poh-TAH-pai
Translations: what kind of, what sort of, what manner of
Notes: This word is an interrogative adjective used to ask about the nature, quality, or character of something. It functions similarly to "what kind of" or "what sort of" in English, often implying a sense of wonder or surprise about the unexpected or remarkable nature of the thing being described. It is used to inquire about the specific type or quality of a noun.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Nominative
Synonyms: ΟΙΟΣ, ΟΠΟΣΟΣ
Etymology: The word is likely a compound of an interrogative stem (related to πότε, "when") and a suffix related to πᾶς ("all") or a root meaning "to tread" or "to be". It asks about the nature or origin of something.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-sin
Translations: are
Notes: This word is the third person plural form of the verb 'to be'. It means 'they are' or 'there are'. It is used to describe the state or existence of multiple subjects, similar to how 'are' is used in English. For example, 'The men are here' or 'There are many books'.
Inflection: Third person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΥΣΙΝ, ΓΙΝΟΝΤΑΙ
G0191
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-KOO-eh
Translations: Hear!, Listen!, Obey!
Notes: This word means to hear, to listen, or to give attention to. It can also imply understanding or obeying what is heard. As an imperative, it is a command to a single person to perform the action of hearing or listening.
Inflection: Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΧΕ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΕ
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: FEE-see
Translations: he says, she says, it says
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone or something is saying in the present tense. For example, 'he says that...' or 'it says in the book...'.
Inflection: Third person singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΡΩ
G0931
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: bah-SAH-noos
Translations: torments, tortures, pains, trials, tests
Notes: This word refers to severe pain, torment, or torture, often inflicted as a test or punishment. It can also refer to the means by which such pain is inflicted, like a touchstone used to test metals. In a broader sense, it can mean a trial or test of character. It is used in sentences to describe suffering or the instruments of suffering.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΟΛΑΣΕΙΣ, ΤΙΜΩΡΙΑΙ, ΟΔΥΝΑΙ
G0982
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: bee-oh-tee-KAI
Translations: of life, pertaining to life, worldly, of this life, a worldly
Notes: This word is an adjective that describes things related to life, especially the concerns and affairs of daily or earthly existence. It is often used to distinguish between spiritual matters and the practical, material aspects of life. For example, it can refer to 'worldly cares' or 'things pertaining to this life'.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΚΟΣΜΙΚΟΣ, ΕΓΚΟΣΜΙΟΣ
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral
Sounds like: AI
Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11
Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)
Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.
G0931
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BA-sa-noy
Translations: torments, tortures, pains, trials, tests, examinations
Notes: This word refers to severe pain, suffering, or distress, often inflicted as a punishment or a means of testing. It can describe physical torture, mental anguish, or the trials one undergoes. It is used in contexts of judgment and affliction.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΟΛΑΣΕΙΣ, ΟΔΥΝΑΙ, ΠΟΝΟΙ
G5097
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: tee-moh-ROON-teh
Translations: they are punished, they are avenged, they are chastised
Notes: This word is a verb in the passive voice, meaning 'to be punished' or 'to be avenged'. It describes the action of someone receiving punishment or vengeance from another. It is often used in contexts relating to justice, retribution, or discipline.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΚΟΛΑΖΟΝΤΑΙ, ΕΚΔΙΚΟΥΝΤΑΙ
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G2209
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: zay-MEE-ahys
Translations: to loss, for loss, to damage, for damage, to penalty, for penalty, to punishment, for punishment
Notes: This word is a noun meaning loss, damage, or penalty. It refers to the suffering of a disadvantage or the imposition of a fine or punishment. In this inflected form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, showing to whom or for what the loss or damage is directed.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΠΩΛΕΙΑ, ΒΛΑΒΗ, ΤΙΜΩΡΙΑ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAH-see
Translations: (to) all, (to) every, (to) whole, (to) any, (of) all, (of) every, (of) whole, (of) any
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all,' 'every,' 'whole,' or 'any.' It is used to describe a quantity or entirety. For example, it can be used with a noun to mean 'all the people' or 'every house.' In the provided examples, 'ΠΑΣΗ ΧΩΡΑ' means 'in every land' or 'in all the land,' indicating its use to modify a feminine singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine; or Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative, Neuter; or Plural, Accusative, Neuter; or Plural, Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'all' or 'every.'
G0181
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-kah-tah-STA-see-ah
Translations: disorder, a disorder, instability, a disturbance, confusion, a confusion, tumult, a tumult
Notes: This word refers to a state of disorder, instability, or confusion. It describes a lack of settled order or a condition of unrest and disturbance. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'α-' (a-, meaning 'not'), 'κατά' (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against'), and 'στάσις' (stasis, meaning 'standing' or 'state'). It can be used to describe social unrest, political instability, or even a state of mental or spiritual confusion.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΑΡΑΧΗ, ΑΣΤΑΘΕΙΑ, ΑΤΑΞΙΑ
Etymology: The word ἈΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΣΙΑ is derived from the negative prefix 'α-' (not), combined with 'κατά' (down, against) and 'στάσις' (a standing, a state). It literally means 'not standing down' or 'not being in a settled state', thus conveying the idea of instability or disorder.
G5195
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: hoo-BREE-zo-meh-noy
Translations: being insulted, being treated with contempt, being abused, being outraged
Notes: This word describes individuals who are subjected to insults, contempt, or abusive treatment. It is used to indicate that the action of 'insulting' or 'abusing' is being done to them, rather than by them. It functions as an adjective, describing the state or condition of the subjects.
Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΥΒΡΙΣΘΕΝΤΕΣ, ΑΤΙΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΚΑΚΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G0424
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-NAX-ee-ohn
Translations: unworthy, an unworthy, unfit, unsuitable
Notes: This word describes something or someone as not deserving or not suitable for a particular purpose or position. It implies a lack of worthiness or fitness. It can be used to describe a person who is not worthy of a reward or a task that is not suitable for a particular person.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ἈΝΕΠΙΤΗΔΕΙΟΣ, ἈΚΑΙΡΟΣ
G2087
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: eh-TEH-raiss
Translations: (to) other, (to) another, (to) different
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'other', 'another', or 'different'. It is used to describe something that is distinct from what has already been mentioned or is implied. It can refer to a second of two things, or one of a group of things that are distinct from the main subject.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-teros, from *sem- ('one, together') + *-teros (contrastive suffix). It refers to one of two, or one of a pair, as opposed to 'allos' which refers to another of many.
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pol-LAIS
Translations: to many, with many, by many, for many
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'many' or 'much'. It is used here in its dative, plural, feminine form, indicating that it modifies a feminine plural noun in the dative case. It describes a quantity or abundance of something.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΙΚΑΝΟΣ, ΠΛΗΘΥΣ
G4234
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PRAX-eh-see
Translations: actions, deeds, practices, affairs
Notes: This word refers to actions, deeds, or practices. It can describe a person's conduct, what they do, or the affairs they are involved in. It emphasizes the practical execution or performance of something, rather than just the thought or intention behind it.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΟΝ, ΠΟΙΗΜΑ, ΠΡΑΓΜΑ
G3958
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: PAS-khon-tes
Translations: suffering, experiencing, undergoing, enduring, those who suffer, while suffering
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'πάσχω', meaning 'to suffer', 'to experience', or 'to undergo'. As a participle, it describes an action being performed by the subject of the sentence, often conveying the sense of 'those who are suffering' or 'while they are suffering'. It can refer to experiencing hardship, pain, or any kind of event, good or bad.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΑΘΩΝ, ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΚΑΚΟΠΑΘΩΝ
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pol-LOY
Translations: many, much, a lot of
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'many' or 'much'. It is used to describe a large quantity or number of something. For example, it can be used to say 'many people' or 'much time'. It often appears in the plural form to indicate a multitude.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΙΚΑΝΟΙ, ΠΛΕΙΟΝΕΣ
G0181
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: ah-kah-tah-STA-too-ntes
Translations: being unsettled, being unstable, being restless, being disorderly, being unruly
Notes: This word describes someone or something that is unsettled, unstable, restless, or disorderly. It implies a lack of fixedness, order, or control. It is often used to describe people who are unruly or rebellious, or situations that are chaotic.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΚΑΤΑΛΥΤΟΣ, ΑΣΤΑΤΟΣ, ΑΤΑΚΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΤΟΣ is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'α-' (a-, meaning 'not' or 'un-') and 'καταστατός' (katastatos), which means 'established' or 'settled'. Thus, it literally means 'not established' or 'unsettled'.
G1012
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BOO-lais
Translations: (to) counsels, (to) plans, (to) purposes, (to) advice
Notes: This word refers to a counsel, plan, purpose, or advice. It is often used in the context of decisions, intentions, or deliberations, whether human or divine. In this inflected form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to' or 'for' counsels/plans.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΝΩΜΗ, ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΙΟΝ, ΣΚΟΠΟΣ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, of themselves
Notes: This word is a pronoun indicating possession or relation, specifically for a group of people or things. It is used to mean 'of them' or 'their', often referring back to a previously mentioned plural noun or pronoun.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
G1911
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-pee-BAL-lon-tai
Translations: they throw upon, they lay upon, they cast upon, they apply themselves to, they undertake, they fall to one's lot, they belong to
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (upon, over) and the verb ΒΑΛΛΩ (to throw, cast). It means to throw or cast something upon someone or something. In the middle voice, it can mean to apply oneself to something, to undertake a task, or to fall to one's lot or belong to someone. It describes an action of imposing, assigning, or dedicating something or oneself.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΠΙΠΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: POL-lah
Translations: much, many, great, abundant, often, greatly, many things
Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, 'ΠΟΛΛΑ' typically functions as the neuter plural nominative or accusative, meaning 'many things' or 'much'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'often' or 'greatly'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or frequency.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (of the adjective ΠΟΛΥΣ); or Adverb
Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ
G3762
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: oo-DEN
Translations: nothing, none, not any, no one
Notes: This word is a negative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one' when used as a pronoun, and 'not any' or 'no' when used as an adjective. It is a compound word formed from the negative particle οὐ (ou, 'not') and the indefinite pronoun εἷς (heis, 'one'). It is used to express absolute negation.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΗΔΕΝ, ΟΥ̓ΔΕΝΟΣ
G4305
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pro-kho-REH-ee
Translations: to go forward, to advance, to proceed, to succeed, to prosper, to turn out well
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'forward,' and the verb χωρέω (chōreō), meaning 'to make room, to go, to proceed.' It generally means to move forward or advance. In a figurative sense, it can mean to succeed or prosper, indicating that things are progressing favorably or turning out well.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΚΟΠΤΩ, ΕΥΟΔΟΩ, ΕΠΙΤΥΓΧΑΝΩ
Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΧΩΡΕΩ is a compound of the preposition πρό (pro), meaning 'before, forward,' and the verb χωρέω (chōreō), meaning 'to make room, to go, to proceed.'
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: leh-GOO-sin
Translations: they say, they speak, they tell
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'they say,' 'they speak,' or 'they tell.' It is used to describe the action of multiple people communicating verbally. For example, it can be used in sentences like 'they say that...' or 'they speak to them.'
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ
G1438
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-ow-TOOS
Translations: themselves
Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning 'themselves'. It is used to refer back to the subject of the sentence or clause, indicating that the action is performed by the subject upon itself. For example, 'they save themselves'.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
G2137
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: yoo-oh-DOO-sthai
Translations: to prosper, to succeed, to have a prosperous journey, to be well off
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to prosper, succeed, or have a prosperous journey. It is often used to describe someone's well-being or success in their endeavors. It is a compound word formed from 'εὖ' (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good', and 'ὁδός' (hodos), meaning 'way' or 'journey'. Thus, it literally means 'to have a good journey' or 'to go well'.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΚΟΠΤΩ, ΚΑΤΕΥΘΥΝΩ
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G4234
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PRAX-eh-sin
Translations: (to) actions, (to) deeds, (to) practices, (to) dealings
Notes: This word refers to actions, deeds, or practices. It describes something that is done or performed, often implying a course of conduct or a specific act. It can be used in contexts referring to human activities, accomplishments, or even the way things are carried out.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΟΝ, ΠΟΙΗΜΑ, ΠΡΑΓΜΑ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G2588
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kar-DEE-an
Translations: heart, a heart
Notes: This word refers to the physical organ, the heart, but more commonly in Koine Greek, it signifies the center of a person's being, including their thoughts, emotions, will, and conscience. It is often used metaphorically to represent the inner self or the core of one's personality. It can be used in contexts like 'to set in one's heart' meaning to ponder or decide, or 'to speak to one's heart' meaning to comfort or encourage.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G4238
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ep-RAX-an
Translations: they did, they acted, they performed, they practiced
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'they did' or 'they acted'. It refers to actions or deeds performed by a group of people. It is typically used to describe past actions that have been completed.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΕΠΟΙΗΣΑΝ, ΕΙΡΓΑΣΑΝΤΟ
Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to PIE *perh₂- 'to pass through, to cross over'.
G4190
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: po-NEE-rah
Translations: evil, wicked, bad, harmful, malicious, an evil thing
Notes: This word describes something or someone as evil, wicked, or harmful. It can refer to moral depravity, physical badness, or something that causes trouble or pain. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, agreeing with it in gender, number, and case. In the provided examples, it describes 'counsel' (βουλευομενος) as evil and 'things' (implied) that one should not see as evil.
Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative or Vocative; or Neuter, Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ
Etymology: The word 'ΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ' comes from 'πόνος' (ponos), meaning 'toil, labor, pain'. It originally referred to something that caused toil or pain, and later evolved to mean 'evil' or 'wicked' in a moral sense.
G2041
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ER-gah
Translations: works, deeds, actions
Notes: This word refers to actions, accomplishments, or things done. It can encompass both good and bad deeds depending on the context, describing the outcome or result of an effort. It is often used to describe the actions of people or God.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΕΙΣ, ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΑ
G0243
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Part of Speech: Prefix
Sounds like: ALL
Translations: other, another, different, foreign
Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.
G0154
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ai-TOHN-tai
Translations: they may ask, they may request, they may demand, they may beg
Notes: This word is a verb in the present tense, middle or passive voice, and subjunctive mood. It means 'they may ask' or 'they may request' for themselves (middle voice) or 'they may be asked' (passive voice). It is used to express a potential or desired action, often in dependent clauses.
Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive, Subjunctive, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ἘΡΩΤΑΩ, ΖΗΤΕΩ
Etymology: The word ΑἸΤΕΩ (aiteō) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to ask' or 'to seek'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G2954
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: KOO-pree-on
Translations: Cyprian, a Cyprian, Cypriot, a Cypriot, of Cyprus
Notes: This word refers to something or someone from Cyprus. As an adjective, it describes something as being 'Cyprian' or 'of Cyprus'. As a noun, it can refer to a person from Cyprus, a Cypriot. In the provided form, it is neuter singular, which could refer to a 'Cyprian thing' or be used substantively.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word derives from Κύπρος (Kypros), the Greek name for the island of Cyprus. It is an ethnic adjective formed from the place name.
G3752
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OH-tan
Translations: when, whenever, as often as, at the time that
Notes: This word is a conjunction or adverb used to introduce a temporal clause, indicating a point in time or a condition. It means 'when' or 'whenever,' suggesting that something happens at a specific moment or repeatedly under certain circumstances. It is often followed by the subjunctive mood in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΤΕ, ΗΝΙΚΑ
Etymology: From the conjunction ὅτε (hote, 'when') and the particle ἄν (an, indicating potential or contingency).
G2346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: THLEE-boh-see
Translations: they are pressed, they are afflicted, they are troubled, they are distressed, they are crushed
Notes: This word is a verb indicating the action of being pressed, afflicted, or troubled. It describes a state of being under pressure, whether physical or metaphorical, often implying distress or hardship. It is typically used to describe a group of people experiencing such conditions.
Inflection: Third Person Plural, Present Subjunctive, Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΠΙΕΖΩ, ΣΤΕΝΟΧΩΡΕΩ
G2347
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: thlip-SEI
Translations: (to) tribulation, (to) affliction, (to) distress, (to) trouble, in tribulation, in affliction, in distress, in trouble
Notes: This word refers to tribulation, affliction, distress, or trouble. It describes a state of pressure, suffering, or hardship. It is often used to denote severe difficulties or persecution. In a sentence, it would typically indicate the circumstances or state in which an action occurs, or the recipient of an action (in a figurative sense).
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΤΕΝΟΧΩΡΙΑ, ΠΑΘΗΜΑ, ΘΛΙΨΙΣ
G5119
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: TOH-teh
Translations: then, at that time, at that moment, thereupon, therefore
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that time'. It is used to indicate a point in time, often referring to a past or future event that follows another. It can also be used to introduce a consequence or result, similar to 'therefore' or 'in that case'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The word ΤΟΤΕ is a primary adverb, meaning it is not derived from another word in Greek. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'το' (this/that).
G1698
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MOY
Translations: (to) me, (for) me, (by) me, (with) me
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the first-person personal pronoun 'I'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb, showing to whom or for whom an action is performed. It can also express possession, agency, or association, depending on the context and the preposition it might be used with.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Common Gender
Synonyms: ΜΟΙ
G3860
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pa-ra-DI-don-tai
Translations: they are delivered, they are handed over, they are entrusted, they are committed, they are betrayed
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to hand over,' 'to deliver,' 'to entrust,' or 'to betray.' It describes the action of one party giving something or someone into the care, custody, or power of another. It can be used in various contexts, from delivering goods to entrusting responsibilities, or even betraying someone to an enemy.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΕΚΔΙΔΩΜΙ
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G0018
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-gah-THAYN
Translations: good, a good, noble, useful, able, virtuous, kind, excellent
Notes: This word describes something as good in quality, character, or nature. It can refer to moral goodness, usefulness, or excellence. It is often used to describe people, actions, or things that are beneficial or virtuous. In a sentence, it would modify a noun, indicating that the noun possesses the quality of goodness.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ
G3809
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: py-DEH-yah
Translations: discipline, instruction, training, correction, punishment, a discipline, an instruction
Notes: This word refers to the training and education of children, which often includes correction and discipline. It encompasses the entire process of moral and intellectual development, aiming to shape character and behavior. It can be used in contexts referring to both positive instruction and corrective punishment.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΙΑ, ΝΟΥΘΕΣΙΑ, ΕΛΕΓΜΟΣ
Etymology: From the Greek word 'παιδεύω' (paideuō), meaning 'to train a child', which in turn comes from 'παῖς' (pais), meaning 'child'. It refers to the upbringing and education of children.
G2478
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: is-khoo-roh-poy-OON-tay
Translations: they are strengthened, they are made strong, they are empowered
Notes: This is a compound verb meaning 'to make strong' or 'to strengthen'. In the passive voice, as it appears here, it means 'to be made strong' or 'to be strengthened'. It describes a process where individuals or things gain strength, power, or firmness, often in a spiritual or moral sense. It can be used to describe someone becoming more resolute in their faith or character.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ἘΝΔΥΝΑΜΟΩ, ΚΡΑΤΑΙΟΩ
Etymology: The word ἸΣΧΥΡΟΠΟΙΕΩ is a compound of two Greek words: ἸΣΧΥΡΟΣ (ischyros), meaning 'strong' or 'mighty', and ΠΟΙΕΩ (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. Thus, it literally means 'to make strong'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAY
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which
Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.
G4102
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PIS-tei
Translations: (by) faith, (in) faith, (with) faith, (to) faith, (by) trust, (in) trust, (with) trust, (to) trust, (by) belief, (in) belief, (with) belief, (to) belief
Notes: This word is a noun meaning 'faith,' 'trust,' or 'belief.' It refers to a firm conviction or reliance on something or someone. In Koine Greek, it is often used to describe spiritual faith, particularly in God or Christ. As a dative case, it indicates the means, instrument, or recipient of an action, often translated with prepositions like 'by,' 'in,' 'with,' or 'to.'
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΗΣΙΣ, ΕΛΠΙΣ
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-OO
Translations: of Lord, of the Lord, of God, of the Master
Notes: This word refers to a lord, master, or owner. In religious contexts, particularly in the Septuagint and New Testament, it is frequently used to refer to God or Jesus Christ, often as a title of reverence and authority. It can be used in sentences like 'the house of the Lord' or 'the word of the Lord'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΘΕΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (kyrios) derives from the root κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'power, authority'. It originally referred to someone who possessed authority or control, such as a master or owner, and later evolved to be used as a title for deities or rulers.
G3062
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: LOY-pas
Translations: remaining, the rest, the other, the others
Notes: This word refers to what is left over or remaining. As an adjective, it describes nouns, indicating that they are the 'rest' or 'other' items in a group. It is often used to refer to the remaining people or things.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ, ΑΛΛΟΣ
G2250
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: HEM-eh-ras
Translations: day, a day, of day, of a day, days
Notes: The word refers to a day, a period of 24 hours, or the daylight portion of a day. It is a feminine noun and can be used in various grammatical cases to indicate different relationships in a sentence. For example, it can denote a duration of time (e.g., 'three days') or a point in time (e.g., 'on that day').
Inflection: Feminine, Genitive Singular or Accusative Plural
G2222
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ZOH-ays
Translations: (of) life, (of) a life
Notes: Ζωῆς (zōēs) is the genitive singular form of the noun ζωή (zōē), which means 'life'. This form is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, often translated as 'of life' or 'belonging to life'. It can refer to physical life, spiritual life, or a way of living. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the word of life' or 'the tree of life'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G1398
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: doo-LEH-oo-see
Translations: they serve, they are serving, they are enslaved, they are subject
Notes: This word means to serve, to be a slave, or to be subject to someone or something. It implies a state of servitude or obedience, often in a literal sense of being a bondservant, but can also be used metaphorically for serving God or being subject to a ruler. It describes an action performed by multiple subjects.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΥΠΗΡΕΤΕΩ, ΛΑΤΡΕΥΩ
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-OH
Translations: to the Lord, for the Lord, to the master, for the master, to an owner, for an owner
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, meaning 'Lord,' 'master,' or 'owner.' In the dative case, it typically indicates the indirect object of an action, the recipient, or the beneficiary. It is commonly used in religious contexts to refer to God or Jesus Christ, but can also refer to a human master or owner. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'to give thanks to the Lord' or 'to serve the master.'
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ
G2513
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ka-tha-RAH
Translations: clean, pure, clear, innocent, holy
Notes: This word describes something that is clean, pure, or free from defilement, whether physical, moral, or ritual. It can refer to a person who is innocent or blameless, or an object that is ceremonially pure. It is often used to describe a state of being unmixed or uncorrupted. In the provided examples, it describes a person as innocent of sin and a turban as clean or pure.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΓΝΟΣ, ΑΜΙΑΝΤΟΣ, ΑΜΟΛΥΝΤΟΣ
G2588
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kar-DEE-ah
Translations: heart, a heart, mind, inner self, center
Notes: This word refers to the physical organ, the heart, but more commonly in Koine Greek, it signifies the inner person, the seat of thoughts, emotions, will, and moral character. It can represent the mind, soul, or the core of one's being. It is often used metaphorically to describe the center of something, like the 'heart of the sea'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΨΥΧΗ, ΝΟΥΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'heart'.
G1437
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: eh-AHN
Translations: if, when, whenever, although
Notes: ἘΑΝ is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It typically takes the subjunctive mood, indicating a condition that is possible, probable, or hypothetical. It can be translated as 'if', 'when', or 'whenever', depending on the nuance of the condition, and sometimes 'although' in concessive clauses.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΙ, ὍΤΑΝ
Etymology: ἘΑΝ is a contraction of the conditional particle εἰ (ei, 'if') and the modal particle ἄν (an), which adds a sense of contingency or possibility to the condition.
G3340
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: meh-tah-no-EH-so-see
Translations: they may repent, they might repent
Notes: This word means 'to change one's mind, to repent, or to feel remorse'. It implies a change of heart and direction, often in a moral or spiritual sense. It is used to describe a turning away from past actions or beliefs towards a new way of thinking or living. In a sentence, it would describe a group of people performing this action.
Inflection: Aorist, Subjunctive, Active, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΜΕΤΑΜΕΛΟΜΑΙ
G0305
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-na-BAH-ee-nay
Translations: goes up, ascends, comes up, climbs, rises
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἀνά' (ana), meaning 'up' or 'upwards', and the verb 'βαίνω' (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. Therefore, it literally means 'to go up' or 'to step up'. It is used to describe movement upwards, such as ascending a mountain, going up to a city, or rising from the dead. It can also refer to things that grow or spring up, like plants.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix
Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)
Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-
Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).
Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.
Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.
G1392
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dox-AH-zoo-see
Translations: they glorify, they praise, they honor, they magnify
Notes: This word means to glorify, praise, or honor. It describes the act of attributing glory, dignity, or honor to someone or something, often used in the context of praising God or a deity. It is used to express admiration, reverence, or high regard.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΑΙΝΕΩ, ΥΜΝΕΩ, ΜΕΓΑΛΥΝΩ
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: theh-ON
Translations: God, a God
Notes: This word refers to God, a god, or a deity. It is used as the direct object in a sentence, indicating the recipient of an action or the one being referred to. For example, one might 'worship God' (where 'God' would be in the accusative case).
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: leh-GON-tes
Translations: saying, speaking, telling
Notes: This is the present active participle of the verb 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking or saying something, often functioning adverbially to describe how an action is performed, or adjectivally to describe those who are speaking.
Inflection: Present Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΦΩΝΟΥΝΤΕΣ
G1342
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: dee-KAH-ee-oss
Translations: righteous, just, upright, fair, a righteous one, a just one
Notes: This word describes someone or something that is righteous, just, or in conformity with divine or human law. It can refer to a person who acts morally and ethically, or to an action that is considered fair and equitable. When used as a noun, it refers to a righteous person.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (can also be used substantively as a noun)
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΟΣ, ΟΣΙΟΣ, ΕΥΘΥΣ
Etymology: This word comes from the Greek word δίκη (dikē), meaning 'justice' or 'right'. It describes that which is in accordance with justice or right.
G2923
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KREE-tays
Translations: judge, a judge
Notes: A 'κρίτης' is a judge, someone who presides over a court of law or acts as an arbiter in disputes. This word refers to a person who makes decisions, renders judgments, or determines the outcome of a situation, often in a legal or authoritative capacity. It can be used to describe both human judges and, in a theological context, God as the ultimate judge.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΙΚΑΣΤΗΣ, ΕΠΙΤΡΟΠΟΣ
Etymology: From the verb κρίνω (krino), meaning 'to judge, decide, or separate'. The suffix -της (-tes) indicates an agent or doer of the action.
G1346
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: dee-KAH-ee-ohss
Translations: righteously, justly, rightly
Notes: This word describes an action or state that is in accordance with what is right, just, or fair. It indicates that something is done in a righteous or equitable manner, often implying moral correctness or adherence to divine law. It can be used to describe how someone acts or how something is judged.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΡΘΩΣ, ΕΥΘΕΩΣ
G3958
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-PAH-thon
Translations: we suffered, they suffered, we endured, they endured, we experienced, they experienced
Notes: This word is an aorist active indicative form of the verb 'πάσχω', meaning to suffer, endure, or experience. It describes an action that occurred in the past, either by 'we' (first person plural) or 'they' (third person plural). It can refer to experiencing something, whether good or bad, but often implies suffering or hardship.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Plural or 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ, ΑΝΕΧΟΜΑΙ
G1538
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Part of Speech: Pronominal Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: EK-as-tos
Translations: each, every, every one, everyone
Notes: This word means 'each' or 'every' and refers to individual members within a group, emphasizing their distinctness. It is used to single out every single person or thing from a larger collection. For example, 'each person' or 'every house'.
Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine
Etymology: From an unknown origin, possibly related to ἕκας (hekas, 'far off').
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: KAH-tah
Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along
Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.
G4234
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PRAX-ace
Translations: deeds, acts, actions
Notes: This word refers to actions, deeds, or accomplishments. It is often used in a general sense to describe human activity or what someone does. It can also refer to specific events or a collection of actions, such as the 'Acts' of the Apostles.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑ, ΠΟΙΗΜΑΤΑ, ΔΡΑΣΕΙΣ
Etymology: From the verb πράσσω (prassō), meaning 'to do' or 'to accomplish'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: (of) him, his, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun. In this genitive singular form, it typically means 'of him,' 'his,' 'of it,' or 'its,' indicating possession or origin. It can refer to a male person or a neuter object/concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'self'. It is an ancient Greek word that has been in continuous use.
G3062
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun, Adverb
Sounds like: LOY-pon
Translations: remaining, the rest, the remainder, other, finally, henceforth, for the rest
Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'remaining' or 'other', a noun meaning 'the rest' or 'the remainder', or an adverb meaning 'finally', 'henceforth', or 'for the rest'. As an adjective, it describes what is left over. As a noun, it refers to the remaining portion or people. As an adverb, it introduces a concluding thought or indicates a future time.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΛΟΙΠΟΣ, ΚΑΤΑΛΟΙΠΟΣ
Etymology: From the verb λείπω (leípō), meaning 'to leave' or 'to remain'.
G2137
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: yoo-o-DOO-n-tai
Translations: they prosper, they are prospered, they are made to prosper, they have a prosperous journey
Notes: This verb means to have a prosperous journey, to succeed, or to prosper. In the passive voice, as seen here, it means to be prospered or to be made to prosper. It describes a state of being successful or having things go well for someone.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΤΥΧΈΩ, ΚΑΤΕΥΟΔΌΩ
G4234
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PRAH-xay
Translations: deed, act, action, a deed, an act, an action
Notes: This word refers to a deed, an act, or an action. It describes something that is done or performed. It can be used in various contexts to denote human activity or conduct.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΟΝ, ΠΟΙΗΜΑ
G2983
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: lam-BAH-non-tes
Translations: taking, receiving, getting, seizing, obtaining, accepting
Notes: This word is a present active participle of the verb 'λαμβάνω', meaning 'to take', 'to receive', or 'to get'. As a participle, it describes an action that is happening concurrently with the main verb of the sentence. It can be translated as 'taking', 'receiving', or 'those who are taking/receiving', depending on the context. It implies an ongoing or continuous action of acquiring something.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΙΡΕΩ
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: pah-RAH
Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-ta
Translations: all, every, everything, all things
Notes: This word means 'all' or 'every'. In its plural neuter form, as seen here, it often translates to 'all things' or 'everything'. It is used to indicate totality or universality, referring to a complete set or collection of items or concepts.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G3745
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Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Relative Adjective
Sounds like: OH-sah
Translations: as many as, all that, whatever, how many, all things whatsoever, whatever things
Notes: This word is the neuter plural form of the relative pronoun/adjective ὅσος (hosos). It means 'as many as' or 'all that/which' and is used to introduce a relative clause, referring to an indefinite quantity or number of things. It can function as both a pronoun (e.g., 'whatever things') or an adjective (e.g., 'as many things as'). It can be used in both the nominative and accusative cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: PANTA, HAPAS
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun ὅδε (hode, 'this') and the interrogative pronoun τίς (tis, 'who? what?').
G0302
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: AHN
Translations: if, ever, might, would, should
Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-on
Translations: Lord, a Lord, master, a master, owner, an owner
Notes: This word means 'Lord,' 'master,' or 'owner.' It is frequently used in ancient Greek texts, including the New Testament, to refer to God or Jesus Christ, or to a human master or owner. As an accusative singular form, it typically functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition, indicating 'the Lord' or 'a Lord' as the recipient of an action.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ
G3860
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pah-reh-DOTH-ee-san
Translations: they were handed over, they were delivered, they were entrusted, they were betrayed
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to hand over', 'to deliver', 'to entrust', or 'to betray'. In this form, it indicates that a group of people or things were subjected to the action of being handed over or delivered by someone else. It is often used in contexts of legal or military surrender, or the act of giving someone or something into the care or power of another.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ
G3765
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: ook-EH-tee
Translations: no longer, no more, not yet, not still
Notes: This is a compound adverb formed from the negative particle 'οὐκ' (not) and the adverb 'ἔτι' (yet, still). It signifies the cessation of a state or action, meaning 'no longer' or 'no more'. It can also mean 'not yet' in certain contexts, indicating that something has not happened up to the present time. It is used to express that something that was true or happening is no longer the case.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΚΕΤΙ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ἜΤΙ
Etymology: The word ΟΥ̓ΚΕΤΙ is a compound of the negative particle ΟΥ̓Κ (not) and the adverb ἜΤΙ (yet, still).
G3958
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PAS-khoo-see
Translations: they suffer, they are suffering, they experience, they undergo, they endure
Notes: This word describes the act of suffering, experiencing, or undergoing something, often something difficult or unpleasant. It is used to indicate that a group of people (they) are currently in the process of enduring or experiencing a particular condition or event.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΠΑΘΩ, ΥΠΟΜΕΝΩ
G4190
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: po-nee-RON
Translations: (of) evil, (of) wicked, (of) bad, (of) harmful, (of) malicious
Notes: This word describes something or someone as evil, wicked, bad, or harmful. It can refer to moral depravity, physical harm, or general badness. As an adjective, it modifies nouns, indicating that the noun possesses these negative qualities. The form ΠΟΝΗΡΩΝ is the genitive plural, meaning 'of evil ones' or 'of wicked things/persons', depending on the gender of the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΩΝ, ΦΑΥΛΩΝ, ΑΝΟΜΩΝ
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