Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Mathetes / Letter to Diognetus / Chapter 4Letter to Diognetus, Chapter 4
Interlinear version from Mathetes (Beta)
4:3
The manuscript does not contain this verse.
G0235
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: AL-lah
Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed
Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.
G3376, G3378
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adverb
Sounds like: MAYN
Translations: month, a month, surely, indeed, truly, certainly
Notes: This word has two primary meanings in Koine Greek. As a noun (G3378), it refers to a 'month', a period of time. As an adverb (G3376), it functions as an emphatic particle, meaning 'surely', 'indeed', 'truly', or 'certainly', often used to confirm or emphasize a statement. It can also be used in questions to expect a positive answer.
Inflection: Noun: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative; Adverb: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΤΟΣ, ΑΛΗΘΩΣ, ΟΝΤΩΣ
Etymology: The noun 'ΜΗΝ' (month) comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to the moon and its cycle. The adverb 'ΜΗΝ' (surely) is also of uncertain but ancient origin, possibly related to particles of affirmation.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G1065
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: GEH
Translations: indeed, at least, even, certainly, truly
Notes: This word is an emphatic particle used to add emphasis or certainty to a statement. It can highlight a particular word or phrase, often conveying a sense of 'at least,' 'even,' or 'certainly.' It is frequently used to strengthen an assertion or to draw attention to a specific detail.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΗ, ΚΑΙ, ΜΕΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΕ is of uncertain origin, possibly an ancient demonstrative particle.
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G1035
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BROH-sace
Translations: foods, eating, food, act of eating
Notes: This word refers to food or the act of eating. It can be used to describe provisions, sustenance, or the consumption of meals. In a broader sense, it can refer to anything that is eaten.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΡΟΦΗ, ΕΔΕΣΜΑ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, of themselves
Notes: This word is a pronoun indicating possession or relation, specifically for a group of people or things. It is used to mean 'of them' or 'their', often referring back to a previously mentioned plural noun or pronoun.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
G5595
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pso-fo-DEH-es
Translations: noise-fearing, easily frightened by noise, timid, superstitious
Notes: This is a compound adjective formed from 'ψόφος' (noise, sound) and 'δέος' (fear). It describes someone who is easily frightened by noise or sound, hence timid or superstitious. It can be used to characterize a person's disposition.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΔΕΙΛΟΣ, ΔΕΙΣΙΔΑΙΜΩΝ
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G4521
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: sah-BBAH-tah
Translations: Sabbaths, a Sabbath, the Sabbath, week
Notes: This word refers to the Sabbath, the seventh day of the week, observed by Jews as a day of rest and worship. In the plural form, it can refer to multiple Sabbaths or, by extension, to a 'week' as the period between Sabbaths. It is often used in contexts relating to religious observances or the passage of time.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word 'Σάββατον' (Sabbaton) is a transliteration of the Hebrew word 'שַׁבָּת' (Shabbat), meaning 'rest' or 'cessation'. It entered Greek through the Septuagint, the Koine Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible.
G1175
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: day-see-day-mo-NEE-an
Translations: superstition, a superstition, religious fear, reverence
Notes: This word refers to superstition or religious fear. It is a compound word formed from 'δείδω' (deidō), meaning 'to fear', and 'δαίμων' (daimōn), meaning 'a deity' or 'a demon'. It can be used in a positive sense to mean reverence or respect for the divine, but more commonly in a negative sense to mean excessive or irrational fear of the gods, leading to superstitious practices. In the provided context, it refers to the superstitious practices of the Jews.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΕΙΛΙΑ, ΦΟΒΟΣ, ΕΥΛΑΒΕΙΑ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G4061
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: peh-ree-toh-MACE
Translations: of circumcision, a circumcision
Notes: This word refers to the act of circumcision, a religious or cultural practice involving the removal of the foreskin. It can also refer to the state of being circumcised. In a broader sense, it can be used metaphorically to describe a spiritual cutting away or purification.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΚΡΟΒΥΣΤΙΑ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek περιτέμνω (peritemnō, “to cut around”), from περί (perí, “around”) + τέμνω (témnō, “to cut”).
G212
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-lah-zo-NEH-ee-an
Translations: boasting, arrogance, a boasting, an arrogance, pride, a pride, vainglory, a vainglory
Notes: This word refers to boasting, arrogance, or ostentation. It describes a pretentious display of one's own importance or achievements, often implying an empty or false pride. It can be used to describe a person's attitude or a specific act of boasting.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ὙΠΕΡΗΦΑΝΙΑ, ΤΥΦΟΣ, ΚΑΥΧΗΣΙΣ
Etymology: From the Greek word ἀλαζών (alazōn), meaning 'braggart' or 'boaster', which itself comes from ἀλάομαι (alaomai), meaning 'to wander about' or 'to roam'. The sense evolved to someone who wanders about displaying themselves, hence a braggart.
G3521
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: nay-STAY-ahs
Translations: of fasting, of a fast
Notes: This word refers to the act of fasting, which is abstaining from food for a period, often for religious or spiritual reasons. It is used here in the genitive case, indicating possession or relationship, such as 'of fasting' or 'belonging to a fast'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G3561
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: noo-MAY-nee-as
Translations: (of) new moons, (of) new moon festivals
Notes: This word refers to the first day of the lunar month, which was often observed as a religious festival or a time of special worship in ancient cultures, particularly among the Israelites. It signifies the beginning of a new month according to the lunar calendar.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΝΕΟΜΗΝΙΑ
G1594
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-roh-NEH-yah
Translations: irony, dissimulation, pretense, a pretense, a dissimulation
Notes: This word refers to irony, dissimulation, or pretense. It describes a situation where one says the opposite of what they mean, or when there is a discrepancy between what is said and what is true. It can also refer to a deliberate act of feigning ignorance or making a false show.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ὙΠΟΚΡΙΣΙΣ, ΔΟΛΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΠΟΙΗΣΙΣ
G2693
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: kah-tah-ge-LAHS-tah
Translations: ridiculous, laughable, contemptible, an absurd thing, ridiculous things
Notes: This word describes something that is worthy of laughter, ridicule, or contempt. It is used to characterize something as absurd or deserving of scorn. It can be used to describe actions, beliefs, or situations that are considered foolish or preposterous.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΓΕΛΟΙΟΣ, ΕΥΚΑΤΑΦΡΟΝΗΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΓΕΛΑΣΤΟΣ is derived from the verb ΚΑΤΑΓΕΛΑΩ (katagelao), meaning 'to laugh at' or 'to mock'. It combines the prefix ΚΑΤΑ- (kata-), which can intensify or denote 'down upon', with ΓΕΛΑΩ (gelao), meaning 'to laugh'.
G3762
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: oo-DEH-nos
Translations: of no one, of nothing, of none, of not any
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the negative indefinite pronoun/adjective meaning 'no one' or 'nothing'. It is used to express the absence or non-existence of something or someone, often translated as 'of no one' or 'of nothing' when indicating possession or relationship. It can modify a noun or stand on its own.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΗΔΕΝΟΣ
G0514
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ax-EE-ah
Translations: worthy, deserving, fitting, proper, a worthy thing
Notes: This word describes something or someone as having a certain value, merit, or worth. It is used to indicate that something is deserving of a particular treatment, honor, or consequence, or that it is appropriate and fitting for a given situation. It often implies a correspondence between a person's character or actions and what they receive.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΛΟΓΗΤΟΣ, ΕΥ̓ΠΡΕΠΗΣ
G3056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LOH-goo
Translations: of word, of account, of reason, of speech, of message, of saying, of statement, of report, of matter, of thing
Notes: This word refers to a word, speech, discourse, or a divine utterance. It can also mean an account, reason, or a matter/thing. In its genitive form, as seen here, it indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of'. It is frequently used in contexts relating to communication, divine revelation, or logical reasoning.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΜΥΘΟΣ, ΕΠΟΣ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G3543
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: noh-MEE-zoh
Translations: to think, to suppose, to believe, to consider, to practice, to observe, to be accustomed
Notes: This verb means to think, suppose, or believe something to be true. It can also mean to consider or deem something. In some contexts, it refers to practicing or observing a custom or law, indicating a habitual action or a widely accepted practice. It is often used to express an opinion or a common belief.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular
Synonyms: ΟἸΟΜΑΙ, ἩΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΔΟΚΕΩ
Etymology: From νόμος (nomos), meaning 'law' or 'custom'. The word originally meant 'to do by custom, to practice, to observe', and later developed the sense of 'to think, to suppose' based on what is customary or generally accepted.
G4571
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: SEH
Translations: you
Notes: ΣΕ is the accusative singular form of the second-person pronoun, meaning 'you' when it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It indicates the person to whom an action is done or directed.
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is the accusative form of the second-person singular pronoun.
G5535
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: KHREE-zane
Translations: to need, to lack, to want, to have need of
Notes: This word is a present active infinitive verb meaning 'to need' or 'to lack'. It is often used with a genitive case object to indicate what is needed or lacked. For example, one might 'need money' or 'lack wisdom'.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active
Synonyms: ΔΕΟΜΑΙ, ΕΝΔΕΩΣ
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: pa-RAH
Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a
Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MOO
Translations: (of) me, my
Notes: This is the genitive case of the first-person singular pronoun 'I'. It indicates possession or origin, functioning similarly to 'of me' or 'my' in English. It is used to show that something belongs to the speaker or comes from the speaker.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, First Person
Synonyms: ΜΟΥ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is the first-person singular pronoun, indicating the speaker.
G3129
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ma-THEIN
Translations: to learn, to understand, to be taught, to find out
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'μανθάνω'. It means 'to learn' or 'to understand' something. It is often used to express the purpose or result of an action, indicating that someone is acquiring knowledge or information. For example, one might 'go to learn' or 'send someone to find out'.
Inflection: Infinitive, Aorist, Active
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *mn̥-dʰh₁- (to put one's mind to), related to English 'mind'.
G5037
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: TEH
Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAY-oo
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΘΕΟΣ' (theos), meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, the genitive case often indicates possession, origin, or relationship, similar to the English 'of' or the possessive apostrophe 's'. Therefore, 'ΘΕΟΥ' typically translates to 'of God' or 'of a god', depending on the context. It can refer to the one true God or to a pagan deity.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G2936
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ktis-THEN-tah
Translations: created, having been created, founded, established
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to create' or 'to found'. It describes something that has been brought into existence or established. It is used to refer to things or beings that have been created by an agent, often God, and functions like an adjective, modifying a noun to indicate that it is the one that was created.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΟΙΗΘΕΝΤΑ, ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΑ
G3858
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pa-ra-DE-khes-thai
Translations: to receive, to accept, to admit, to approve, to welcome
Notes: This word is the present middle/passive infinitive form of the verb 'paradéchomai'. It means to receive something, often with a sense of acceptance, approval, or welcome. It can be used in contexts where one takes something into possession, or agrees to something, or admits someone into a place or group.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word is a compound of 'para' (παρά), meaning 'beside' or 'from', and 'dechomai' (δέχομαι), meaning 'to receive' or 'to accept'.
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix
Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)
Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-
Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).
Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.
Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral
Sounds like: DEL-tah
Translations: Delta, four, 4
Notes: Δ (Delta) is the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the Greek numeral system, it represents the number four. It is also used as a symbol in various contexts, including mathematics and science, though its primary function in Koine Greek texts is as a letter or a numeral.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The Greek letter Delta is derived from the Phoenician letter Dalet, which means 'door'.
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G0890
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: akh-RAY-stah
Translations: useless, unprofitable, worthless, useless things, unprofitable things, worthless things
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'useless' or 'unprofitable'. It describes something that is of no benefit, value, or advantage. It can be used to refer to things that are ineffective or serve no good purpose.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ἈΝΟΝΗΤΟΣ, ἈΛΥΣΙΤΕΛΗΣ
Etymology: The word ἈΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ (achrēstos) is a compound word formed from the privative alpha (ἀ-) meaning 'not' or 'without', and the word ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ (chrēstos), meaning 'useful' or 'good'. Thus, it literally means 'not useful' or 'useless'.
G4053
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: peh-RIS-sah
Translations: excessive, superfluous, abundant, more, beyond measure, exceedingly, abundantly, a superfluous thing, superfluous things, excessive things
Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'excessive,' 'superfluous,' or 'abundant,' or as an adverb meaning 'exceedingly' or 'abundantly.' As an adjective, it describes something that is more than what is needed or expected. As an adverb, it intensifies the meaning of a verb or another adjective, indicating a high degree or extent.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (as an adjective); Does not inflect (as an adverb)
Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΟΣ, ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΥΠΕΡΒΑΛΛΩΝ
Etymology: The word comes from the Greek preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about,' suggesting something that goes beyond or overflows its boundaries.
G3868
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pah-rah-ee-TEH-sthai
Translations: to beg off, to decline, to refuse, to avoid, to make excuse, to deprecate, to entreat, to ask for
Notes: This word is a present middle/passive infinitive form of the verb 'paraitéomai'. It generally means to beg off, to decline, or to refuse something, often with the implication of making an excuse or seeking to avoid a duty or situation. It can also mean to deprecate or to entreat, asking for something to be granted or for a punishment to be averted. In some contexts, it can mean to avoid or shun something. It is used to express an action that is continuous or ongoing.
Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΦΕΥΓΩ, ΑΠΟΔΟΚΙΜΑΖΩ, ΑΡΝΕΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word 'paraitéomai' is a compound word formed from 'para' (παρά), meaning 'beside' or 'from', and 'aitéomai' (αἰτέομαι), meaning 'to ask' or 'to beg'. Thus, it literally means 'to ask from beside' or 'to ask off', leading to the sense of begging off or declining.
G2967
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: koh-LYOO-on-toss
Translations: hindering, preventing, forbidding, restraining, of one hindering, of one preventing, of one forbidding, of one restraining
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'κωλύω', meaning 'to hinder', 'to prevent', or 'to forbid'. As a participle, it describes someone or something that is actively performing this action. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, describing the circumstances of an action.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present Active Participle
Synonyms: ΕΜΠΟΔΙΖΟΝΤΟΣ, ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΟΣ, ΑΠΟΤΡΕΠΟΝΤΟΣ
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAY
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which
Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.
G4521
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: sahb-BAH-tohn
Translations: of Sabbaths, of the Sabbaths, of weeks, of the weeks
Notes: This word refers to the Sabbath, a day of rest and worship, or more generally, a week. In this form, it is the genitive plural, indicating possession or relationship, often translated as 'of Sabbaths' or 'of weeks'. It is used to denote things belonging to or related to multiple Sabbaths or weeks.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Neuter
G2250
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hay-MEH-rah
Translations: day, a day, time, a time, period, a period
Notes: This word refers to a day, which can mean either a 24-hour period or the daylight portion of a day, as opposed to night. It can also be used more broadly to refer to a specific time, season, or period. It is commonly used to mark the passage of time or to refer to a particular point in time.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'warm' or 'hot', referring to the warmth of the day.
G2570
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: kah-LON
Translations: good, beautiful, noble, right, fitting, a good thing, a beautiful thing
Notes: ΚΑΛΟΝ is the neuter singular form of the adjective ΚΑΛΟΣ. It describes something as good, beautiful, noble, excellent, or fitting. It can refer to moral goodness, aesthetic beauty, or practical suitability. It is often used to describe what is morally right or advantageous, or something that is beneficial.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΟΣ, ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ, ΕΥΠΡΕΠΗΣ
G5101
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE
Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing
Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: poy-EH-in
Translations: to do, to make, to produce, to create, to perform, to accomplish, to bring about
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. It is a very common verb in Koine Greek and can be used in a wide range of contexts, from physical actions like making something, to abstract actions like performing a deed or bringing something about. It often indicates the execution of an action or the creation of an object.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ
Etymology: The word 'ποιέω' (poieō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to an old root meaning 'to make' or 'to create'.
G4459
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: POHS
Translations: how, in what way, by what means, that, in order that
Notes: ΠΩΣ is an adverb used to inquire about the manner or means by which something occurs, translating to "how" or "in what way." It can introduce direct or indirect questions. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning "that" or "in order that," especially when expressing purpose or result.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative and interrogative pronominal stems.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.
G0765
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-SEH-bes
Translations: ungodly, impious, wicked, an ungodly one, an impious one, a wicked one
Notes: This word describes someone who is irreverent, impious, or ungodly, lacking proper respect or reverence for God. It refers to actions or individuals that are contrary to divine law or moral principles. It can be used to describe a person or a characteristic.
Inflection: Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Singular, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΣΙΟΣ, ΑΘΕΟΣ, ΑΝΟΜΟΣ
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G3387
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: mei-OH-sin
Translations: decrease, diminution, a decrease, a diminution
Notes: This word refers to a decrease, diminution, or reduction in quantity, size, or intensity. It describes the act or state of becoming less or smaller. It is typically used to indicate a lessening of something, such as a reduction in flesh or a decline in status.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΛΑΤΤΩΣΙΣ, ΜΕΙΩΜΑ
G4561
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: sar-KOS
Translations: of flesh, of body, of human nature
Notes: This word refers to flesh, the physical body, or human nature in general. It is often used in a theological sense to denote the sinful or unredeemed aspect of humanity, in contrast to the spirit. It can also simply refer to the physical substance of living beings.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΩΜΑ, ΦΥΣΙΣ
G3142
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: mar-too-REE-on
Translations: testimony, a testimony, witness, a witness, evidence, a proof
Notes: This word refers to a testimony, witness, or evidence. It is used to describe something that provides proof or confirmation of a fact or event. It can refer to the act of bearing witness or the content of what is testified.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΣ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ
Etymology: From G3144 (μάρτυς, 'martys'), meaning 'witness'. It refers to that which is borne witness to, or the content of a witness's testimony.
G1589
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ek-lo-GAYS
Translations: of election, of choice, of selection, an election, a choice, a selection
Notes: This word refers to the act of choosing, selecting, or picking out. In a theological context, it often denotes God's divine choice or selection of individuals or a group for a specific purpose or salvation. It can also refer to the chosen group itself.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΙΡΕΣΙΣ, ΕΠΙΛΟΓΗ
Etymology: The word ΕΚΛΟΓΗ (eklogē) is derived from the verb ἐκλέγω (eklegō), meaning 'to pick out, choose, select'. It combines the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of', with the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say, speak', but in this context, it relates to 'gathering' or 'picking'.
G213
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-lah-zo-NEH-oo-es-thai
Translations: to boast, to brag, to be arrogant, to vaunt oneself
Notes: This verb describes the act of boasting, bragging, or showing off. It implies an arrogant or empty display of oneself, often claiming more than is due or true. It is used to describe someone who acts with excessive pride or self-importance.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΚΑΥΧΑΟΜΑΙ, ὙΠΕΡΗΦΑΝΕΥΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word comes from the Greek noun ἀλαζών (alazōn), meaning 'boaster' or 'braggart', which itself is derived from ἀλάομαι (alaomai), 'to wander about', suggesting a vagrant or charlatan who boasts of things he does not possess.
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toh
Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that
Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.
G1841
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: ex-AI-re-tos
Translations: especially, pre-eminently, peculiarly, exceedingly
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'especially' or 'pre-eminently'. It is used to emphasize that something is done or exists in a special, exceptional, or outstanding way, distinguishing it from others. It can also mean 'exceedingly' or 'peculiarly'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΩΣ, ΜΑΛΛΟΝ
Etymology: The word ἘΞΑΙΡΕΤΩΣ is derived from the verb ΕΞΑΙΡΕΩ (exaireō), meaning 'to take out, to choose, to remove', and the suffix -ως, which forms adverbs. It literally means 'in an exceptional way' or 'taken out from the rest'.
G0025
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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective
Sounds like: ee-gah-pee-MEH-noos
Translations: beloved, dear, those who have been loved, those who are loved
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been loved' or 'beloved'. It describes someone or something that has been the object of love. It functions adjectivally, modifying a noun, and can also be used substantively to refer to 'the beloved ones' or 'those who are loved'.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine, Perfect Passive Participle
Synonyms: ΦΙΛΟΥΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΑΓΑΠΗΤΟΙ
G5512
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHLEH-oos
Translations: of derision, of mockery, of scorn, of ridicule
Notes: This word refers to derision, mockery, or scorn. It describes the act of making fun of someone or something in a contemptuous way. It is typically used to indicate the source or object of such ridicule.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΜΠΑΙΓΜΟΣ, ΚΑΤΑΓΕΛΩΣ
Etymology: The word ΧΛΕΥΗ (chleue) is derived from the verb χλευάζω (chleuazō), meaning 'to mock' or 'to scoff'. Its ultimate origin is uncertain, but it is thought to be onomatopoeic, imitating the sound of scoffing.
G0514
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: AX-ee-on
Translations: worthy, deserving, fitting, proper, a worthy thing, a fitting thing
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'worthy,' 'deserving,' or 'fitting.' It is used to describe something or someone that is of appropriate value, merit, or suitability for a particular purpose or situation. It can be used to say that something is 'worthy of' something else, often followed by a genitive case.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΥΛΟΓΟΣ, ΠΡΕΠΩΝ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἈΞΙΟΣ (axios) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ag- meaning 'to drive, draw, move'. It is related to the idea of weighing or balancing, thus leading to the sense of 'having weight' or 'being worthy'.
G3918
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: pa-red-REH-oo-on-tas
Translations: attending, sitting by, serving, waiting upon, being present with
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'attending upon' or 'sitting by'. It describes someone who is present with, serving, or waiting upon another, often in a position of close proximity or assistance. It can be used to describe those who are constantly at hand or in attendance.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΥΠΗΡΕΤΕΩ, ΔΙΑΚΟΝΕΩ
Etymology: The word ΠΑΡΕΔΡΕΥΩ is a compound word formed from παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and ἕδρα (hedra), meaning 'seat' or 'chair', combined with the verbal suffix -εύω. It literally means 'to sit beside' or 'to be seated near'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOOS
Translations: them, themselves, these, those
Notes: This word is the masculine accusative plural form of the pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos). It is used to refer to a group of male or mixed-gender individuals as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It can mean 'them' or, when used emphatically, 'themselves'.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
G0792
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AS-troys
Translations: to stars, for stars, with stars, by stars
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the noun 'ἈΣΤΡΟΝ' (astron), meaning 'star'. It indicates the indirect object of an action or the means/instrument by which something is done, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'with', or 'by'. For example, it could be used in a phrase like 'given to the stars' or 'shining with the stars'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ἈΣΤΗΡ, ΟΥ̓ΡΑΝΟΣ
G4582
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: seh-LAY-nay
Translations: moon, a moon
Notes: This word refers to the moon, the natural satellite of the Earth. It is commonly used in contexts describing celestial bodies or the night sky. For example, it can be used in sentences like 'The moon shines brightly' or 'The sun and the moon'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to σέλας (selas), meaning 'light' or 'brightness'.
G3907
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pah-rah-TAY-ray-sin
Translations: observation, a careful observation, a close observation, an observation
Notes: This word refers to the act of careful observation, close watching, or diligent attention to something. It implies a precise and often scrupulous examination, sometimes with a negative connotation of watching for an opportunity to accuse or find fault. It can be used in contexts of observing signs, times, or events.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΗΣΙΣ, ΕΞΕΤΑΣΙΣ
G3376
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: MAY-nohn
Translations: of months
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun 'ΜΗΝ' (mēn), meaning 'month'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, often translated as 'of months' or 'belonging to months'. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'a period of months' or 'the end of months'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
G2250
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hay-mer-OHN
Translations: of days
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun 'day'. It refers to a period of 24 hours, or more broadly, a specific period of time or an era. As a genitive plural, it is often used to indicate possession, origin, or a temporal relationship, such as 'during the days' or 'belonging to the days'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΟΣ, ΚΑΙΡΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It refers to the period of daylight, contrasting with night.
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: poy-EE-sthai
Translations: to make, to do, to create, to produce, to perform, to cause, to bring about, to appoint, to observe, to celebrate
Notes: This word is the present middle/passive infinitive form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō). It generally means 'to make' or 'to do', but in the middle voice, it often implies 'to make for oneself' or 'to do for oneself', or 'to cause to be done'. It can also be used idiomatically in various contexts, such as 'to perform' an action, 'to celebrate' a festival, or 'to appoint' someone. It is a very common and versatile verb in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ
G3622
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oy-koh-noh-MEE-as
Translations: of stewardship, of administration, of management, of a household, of a dispensation, of a plan, of an arrangement
Notes: This word refers to the management of a household or affairs, often implying a system, plan, or administration. It can also denote a divine arrangement or dispensation, a stewardship, or the responsibility of managing something. It is a compound word derived from 'οἶκος' (oikos, house) and 'νόμος' (nomos, law/custom), literally meaning 'house-law' or 'house-management'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΚΟΝΙΑ, ΕΠΙΤΡΟΠΗ, ΔΙΟΙΚΗΣΙΣ
G2540
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kai-RON
Translations: of time, of season, of opportunity, of the proper time, of the appointed time
Notes: This word refers to a specific, opportune, or appointed time, as opposed to chronological time (chronos). It can denote a season, a critical moment, or a period when something is appropriate or due. It is often used in contexts referring to a divinely appointed time or a significant historical period.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΩΝ, ΩΡΩΝ, ΕΥΚΑΙΡΙΑΣ
G0236
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: al-la-GAS
Translations: of change, of alteration, a change, an alteration
Notes: This word refers to a change, alteration, or transformation. It describes a shift from one state or condition to another. It is typically used to denote a modification or a transition.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑΒΟΛΗ, ΤΡΟΠΗ
Etymology: The word ἀλλαγή (allagē) comes from the verb ἀλλάσσω (allassō), meaning 'to change, to alter', which is derived from ἄλλος (allos), meaning 'other'.
G2607
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tah-dee-ah-I-rehn
Translations: to divide, to distribute, to separate, to apportion
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the prepositions κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'according to') and διά (dia, meaning 'through' or 'apart'), combined with the verb αἱρέω (haireō, meaning 'to take' or 'to choose'). It means to divide thoroughly, to distribute, or to separate into parts. It implies a complete or precise division or apportionment of something.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΙΡΕΩ, ΜΕΡΙΖΩ, ΔΙΑΝΕΜΩ
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G3730
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: or-MAS
Translations: impulses, attacks, desires, a violent motion, an impulse, an attack, a desire
Notes: This word refers to a violent motion, a strong impulse, an onset, or an attack. It can also denote a strong desire or passion. In a sentence, it describes a forceful or sudden movement, either physical or emotional. For example, it might be used to describe the 'attacks' of the wicked or the 'impulses' that drive someone's actions.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΘΥΜΙΑ, ΟΡΜΗΜΑ, ΠΡΟΣΒΟΛΗ
Etymology: The word ΟΡΜΗ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ser- meaning 'to flow, to rush'. It describes a strong, forward motion or impulse.
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Unknown
Sounds like: AHS
Translations: unknown
Notes: The word "ΑΣ" is not a recognized word in Koine Greek. It is highly likely a misspelling or a fragment of a larger word. It could potentially be a typo for a word like "ΩΣ" (as, like), or part of a compound word where the rest has been omitted. Without further context or correction, its meaning is unclear.
Inflection: Unknown
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G1859
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: eh-or-TAS
Translations: feasts, festivals, holidays
Notes: This word refers to religious or celebratory festivals and holidays. It is used to denote a time of special observance or celebration, often involving gatherings and rituals. In the provided examples, it is used in contexts of observing or despising such celebrations.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΑΝΗΓΥΡΙΣ, ΘΥΣΙΑ
G3997
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PEN-thay
Translations: griefs, sorrows, mournings
Notes: This word refers to deep sorrow, grief, or mourning. It is typically used to describe a state of profound sadness, often associated with loss or lamentation. As a plural noun, it denotes multiple instances or forms of grief.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΔΥΡΜΟΙ, ΘΡΗΝΟΙ
G5101
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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective
Sounds like: TEES
Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing
Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.
Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.
G0302
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: AHN
Translations: if, ever, might, would, should
Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.
G2317
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: theh-oh-SEH-beh-ee-as
Translations: (of) godliness, (of) piety, (of) reverence, (of) devotion
Notes: This word refers to the quality of being godly or pious, encompassing reverence and devotion towards God. It describes a person's attitude and actions that demonstrate respect and worship towards the divine. It is a compound word formed from ΘΕΟΣ (theos, meaning 'God') and ΣΕΒΟΜΑΙ (sebomai, meaning 'to worship' or 'to revere').
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΣΕΒΕΙΑ, ΕΥΛΑΒΕΙΑ
G877
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-fro-SOO-nays
Translations: (of) folly, (of) foolishness, (of) senselessness, folly, foolishness, senselessness, a folly, a foolishness
Notes: This word refers to a lack of good sense, judgment, or understanding. It denotes foolishness, senselessness, or imprudence, often implying a state of mind that leads to unwise actions or decisions. It is used to describe the quality or state of being foolish.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ἈΝΟΙΑ, ΜΩΡΙΑ
Etymology: The word ἀφροσύνη (aphrosyne) is derived from the Greek prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and φρόνησις (phronesis), meaning 'prudence' or 'good sense'. Thus, it literally means 'lack of prudence' or 'lack of good sense'.
G4183
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective
Sounds like: PO-loo
Translations: much, many, great, greatly, often, a lot
Notes: This word is commonly used to indicate a large quantity, degree, or frequency. As an adverb, it means 'much,' 'greatly,' or 'often,' modifying verbs or adjectives. As an adjective, it means 'much' (for singular nouns) or 'many' (for plural nouns), describing the quantity of something. It can also mean 'great' in terms of size or importance.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΛΑ, ΠΛΕΙΟΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'much' or 'many'. It is a very common word across various Indo-European languages.
G4119
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: PLEH-on
Translations: more, a greater amount, a greater number, further, moreover, besides
Notes: This word signifies 'more' or 'greater' and can function as both an adjective and an adverb. As an adjective, it describes a larger quantity or degree of something. As an adverb, it indicates an increase in action or extent, often translated as 'further' or 'moreover'. It is the neuter singular form of the adjective 'πλέων'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative (as an adjective); Does not inflect (as an adverb)
Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΟΝ, ΜΑΛΛΟΝ
Etymology: The word 'πλέων' (pleōn) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to fill' or 'full'. It is related to words signifying abundance or completion.
G2233
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hay-GAY-sah-ee-toh
Translations: he might lead, he might consider, he might think, he might rule
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to lead, guide, rule, or consider/think'. It is often used in the middle voice, implying an action done for oneself or with a personal interest. In this form, it expresses a potential or desired action, often translated with 'might' or 'would'.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Optative Mood, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΩ, ΗΓΟΥΜΑΙ, ΚΡΙΝΩ
Etymology: From ἄγω (agō, “to lead”), meaning to lead, guide, or rule. Over time, it also developed the meaning of considering or thinking, especially in the middle voice.
G1165
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DIGH-gma
Translations: example, a sample, a specimen, a pattern, a proof
Notes: This word refers to something that serves as an example, a sample, or a pattern. It can be used to illustrate a point, provide a model to follow, or serve as a warning. It often implies something that is shown or exhibited for observation.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΥΠΟΔΕΙΓΜΑ, ΤΥΠΟΣ, ΠΑΡΑΔΕΙΓΜΑ
Etymology: From the verb δείκνυμι (deiknymi), meaning 'to show' or 'to point out'. It refers to something that is shown or exhibited.
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.
G2839
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: koy-NEES
Translations: (of) common, (of) shared, (of) public, (of) ordinary, (of) a community, (of) a partnership
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the adjective or noun 'ΚΟΙΝΟΣ'. As an adjective, it describes something that is common, shared, public, or ordinary. As a noun, it can refer to a community, a partnership, or something held in common. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΟΙΝΟΥ, ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΟΣ, ΔΗΜΟΣΙΟΣ
G1507
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-kahee-OH-tay-toss
Translations: of thoughtlessness, of rashness, of recklessness, of heedlessness, of a thoughtless act, of a rash act
Notes: This word refers to the quality of being thoughtless, rash, or reckless. It describes an action or state characterized by a lack of careful consideration or prudence. It is often used in contexts where someone acts impulsively or without proper judgment.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΠΡΟΣΕΞΙΑ, ΑΒΟΥΛΙΑ, ΑΛΟΓΙΣΤΙΑ
Etymology: From the Greek word εἰκαῖος (eikaios), meaning 'random, thoughtless, rash,' which itself comes from εἰκῇ (eikē), meaning 'without purpose, at random.'
G0539
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-PAH-tays
Translations: of deceit, of deception, of fraud, of delusion
Notes: This word refers to the act of misleading, tricking, or deluding someone. It describes the quality or state of being deceptive. It is often used to characterize something that is false or misleading in nature.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΛΑΝΗ, ΔΟΛΟΣ, ΨΕΥΔΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἈΠΑΤΗ comes from the verb ἀπατάω (apatáō), meaning 'to deceive, cheat, or trick'.
G2453
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-ee-ohn
Translations: of Jews, of the Jews
Notes: This word refers to people from Judea or those who are adherents of Judaism. It is a plural noun in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of Jews' or 'belonging to Jews'. It can be used to describe the people, their customs, or their land.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
G4180
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: po-ly-prag-mo-SY-nays
Translations: of meddling, of officiousness, of busybodying
Notes: This word refers to the act or habit of being a busybody, meddling in other people's affairs, or being overly officious. It describes someone who is excessively active or curious about matters that do not concern them. It is a compound word formed from 'πολύς' (much, many) and 'πράγμα' (deed, thing, business).
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΕΡΓΙΑ, ΑΛΛΟΤΡΙΟΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΙΑ
Etymology: From the adjective πολυπράγμων (polupragmōn), meaning 'meddling, busybody', which is a compound of πολύς (polys, 'much, many') and πρᾶγμα (pragma, 'deed, thing, business'). The suffix -σύνη (-synē) forms abstract nouns.
G212
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-lah-zo-NEH-ee-as
Translations: of boasting, of arrogance, of ostentation, of vainglory, of presumption
Notes: This word refers to the act or quality of boasting, arrogance, or ostentation. It describes a pretentious display of one's own importance or achievements, often with an element of deceit or self-delusion. It can also imply an empty, vain confidence or a showy display intended to impress others.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡΗΦΑΝΙΑ, ΚΑΥΧΗΣΙΣ, ΚΕΝΟΔΟΞΙΑ
G3717
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OR-thos
Translations: rightly, correctly, properly, justly
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'rightly' or 'correctly'. It describes an action or state that is done in a straight, proper, or just manner. It can be used to affirm the truth or correctness of something, or to indicate that an action was performed appropriately.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΚΑΙΩΣ, ΚΑΛΩΣ, ΑΛΗΘΩΣ
G0568
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ap-E-khon-tai
Translations: they abstain, they refrain, they keep away from, they have received in full
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to abstain from, refrain from, or keep oneself away from something. It can also mean to have received in full, often implying a complete payment or reward. The meaning depends on the context, particularly whether it is used with a genitive case (to abstain from) or in a financial sense (to receive in full).
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ἈΦΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ΚΩΛΥΩ, ΠΑΥΩ
G5546
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: khris-tee-ah-NOY
Translations: Christians
Notes: This word refers to followers of Christ. It is a compound word derived from 'Christos' (Christ) and the suffix '-ianos' (belonging to, or follower of). It is used to describe a group of people who identify with or adhere to the teachings of Jesus Christ.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΑΘΗΤΑΙ, ΑΓΙΟΙ, ΠΙΣΤΟΙ
G0714
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: ar-KOON-tohs
Translations: sufficiently, enough, adequately
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'sufficiently' or 'enough'. It indicates that something is present or done to the required or desired degree, without being excessive or lacking. It is used to modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, describing the manner or extent of an action or quality.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΙΚΑΝΩΣ, ΕΞΑΡΚΟΥΝΤΩΣ
G3129
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: meh-ma-THEE-keh-nai
Translations: to have learned, to have understood, to have been taught, to learn, to understand, to be taught
Notes: This word is the perfect active infinitive form of the verb 'μανθάνω' (manthanō), meaning 'to learn' or 'to understand'. As a perfect infinitive, it describes an action of learning or understanding that has been completed and whose results are still relevant. It can be used in various grammatical constructions, often after verbs that express desire, ability, or necessity, indicating the purpose or result of an action.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΚΑΤΑΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ
G2398
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ee-DEE-as
Translations: of one's own, of private, of peculiar
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'one's own', 'private', or 'peculiar'. It is used to emphasize possession or a unique characteristic belonging to a person or thing. It often refers to something that is distinctively personal or private. In this inflected form, it is genitive, indicating possession or origin.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ͂, ἙΑΥΤΟΥ͂
G3466
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: moo-STAY-ree-on
Translations: mystery, a mystery, secret, a secret
Notes: This word refers to something hidden or secret, which is not yet revealed or understood. In a religious context, it often refers to a divine truth or purpose that is revealed only to those who are initiated or enlightened. It can also refer to a secret rite or doctrine.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΡΥΦΟΝ, ΚΡΥΠΤΟΝ, ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΨΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΜΥΣΤΗΡΙΟΝ comes from the Greek verb μύω (myō), meaning 'to close the eyes or mouth', referring to the secrecy or silence associated with mysteries or secret rites. It is related to the 'mysteries' of ancient Greek religions.
G3361
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G4328
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-do-KAY-sees
Translations: you may expect, you may wait for, you may look for, you may anticipate
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to expect, wait for, or look for something. It implies a state of anticipation or looking forward to an event or person. It can be used in contexts where one is waiting for a future event to unfold or for someone to arrive.
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive
Synonyms: ΕΚΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΕΚΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ
G1410
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: doo-NAH-sthai
Translations: to be able, to have power, to be strong, can
Notes: This is the present middle/passive infinitive form of the verb 'δύναμαι'. It means 'to be able' or 'to have power'. It is often used in constructions where one expresses the ability or capacity to do something, similar to the English 'can' or 'to be able to'.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΩ, ΕΞΕΣΤΙ
Etymology: From the root 'δύναμαι', meaning 'to be able'. It is related to 'δύναμις' (dynamis), meaning 'power' or 'ability'.
G3844
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: pah-RAH
Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.
G0444
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: an-THRO-poo
Translations: (of) man, (of) a man, (of) human, (of) a human
Notes: This word refers to a human being, mankind, or humanity in general. It can denote an individual person, male or female, or the human race collectively. In its genitive form, as seen here, it indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated as 'of man' or 'of a human'. It is commonly used in contexts discussing human nature, actions, or relationships.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΑΝΗΡ
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