Epistle of Barnabas Chapter 17, Interlinear version from Codex Sinaiticus (Beta)

Epistle of Barnabas, Chapter 17

Interlinear version from Codex Sinaiticus (Beta)

17:1
17:2

17:1

ΕΦ
- EPH
- as-long-as
ΟϹΟΝ
- OSON
- as-long-as
ΗΝ
- ĒN
- was
ΕΝ
- EN
- in
ΔΥΝΑΤΩ
- DYNATŌ
- power
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΑΠΛΟΤΗΤΙ
- APLOTĒTI
- simplicity
ΔΗΛΩϹΕ
- DĒLŌSE
- I-declared
ΥΜΙΝ
- YMIN
- to-you
ΕΛΠΙΖΕΙ
- ELPIZEI
- hopes
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- of-me
()
- ()
{CC:
- {CC:
- [editor name]
Ο
- O
- the
ΝΟΥϹ
- NOUS
- mind
ΚΑΙ}
- KAI}
- and
Η
- Ē
- the
ΨΥΧΗ
- PSYCHĒ
- inner-person
()
- ()
{CC:
- {CC:
- [editor name]
ΤΗ
- TĒ
- to-the
ΕΠΙΘΥΜΙΑ
- EPITHYMIA
- desire
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- of-me
ΜΗ}
- MĒ}
- not
ΠΑΡΑΛΕΛΙΠΕΝΑΙ
- PARALELIPENAI
- to-have-left-out
(ΤΙ)
- (TI)
- anything
{CC:
- {CC:
- [editor name]
ΤΙ
- TI
- anything
ΤΩΝ
- TŌN
- of-the
ΑΝ[Η]ΚΟΝΤΩΝ
- AN[Ē]KONTŌN
- fitting
ΕΙϹ
- EIS
- into
ϹΩΤ[Η]ΡΙΑΝ}
- SŌT[Ē]RIAN}
- salvation

17:2

ΕΑΝ
- EAN
- if
ΓΑΡ
- GAR
- for
ΠΕΡΙ
- PERI
- concerning
ΤΩΝ
- TŌN
- of-the
ΕΝΕϹΤΩΤΩ
- ENESTŌTŌ
- present-things
Η
- Ē
- or
ΜΕΛΛΟΝΤΩΝ
- MELLONTŌN
- future-things
(ΓΡΑΦΩ)
- (GRAPHŌ)
- (I-write)
{CC:
- {CC:
- [editor name]
ΓΡΑΨΩ}
- GRAPSŌ}
- I-will-write
ΥΜΙΝ
- YMIN
- to-you
ΟΥ
- OU
- not
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ΝΟΗϹΗΤΑΙ
- NOĒSĒTAI
- you-will-understand
ΔΙΑ
- DIA
- through
ΤΟ
- TO
- the
ΕΝ
- EN
- in
ΠΑΡΑΒΟΛΑΙϹ
- PARABOLAIS
- parables
ΚΕΙϹΘΕ
- KEISTHE
- to-be-placed
ΤΑΥΤΑ
- TAUTA
- these
ΜΕΝ
- MEN
- indeed
ΟΥΤΩϹ
- OUTŌS
- thus

G1909

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EF

Translations: upon, on, over, to, against, at, by, for, in, among, with, toward, concerning, because of

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), which means 'upon' or 'on'. The final vowel of ΕΠΙ is dropped when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it means 'upon, on, over, during'; with the dative, it means 'on, at, by, for, in addition to'; and with the accusative, it means 'on, to, against, over, toward'. It is a very common and versatile preposition.

Inflection: Does not inflect (elided form of a preposition)

G3745

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: OH-son

Translations: as much as, as many as, as great as, how much, how many, how great, as far as, as long as, as soon as, as

Notes: This word is a relative adjective or pronominal adjective, meaning 'as much as' or 'as many as'. It is often used to indicate quantity, extent, or degree. When used as an adverb, it can mean 'as far as', 'as long as', or 'as soon as'. It can introduce a clause that specifies a measure or comparison. For example, 'as much as you want' or 'as many people as there are'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΠΟΣΟΣ, ΗΛΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun *ho* (the) and the suffix -sos, indicating quantity or measure. It is related to ὅς (hos, 'who, which') and τοσοῦτος (tosoutos, 'so great, so much').

G1722

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EN

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.

G1415

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: doo-na-TOH

Translations: (to) powerful, (to) mighty, (to) able, (to) strong, (to) capable, (to) a powerful one, (to) a mighty one, (to) a ruler

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning powerful, mighty, or able. It can also function as a noun, referring to a powerful or mighty person, such as a ruler or official. In this dative singular form, it indicates the recipient or indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. For example, it could mean 'to the powerful one' or 'for the mighty'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΚΡΑΤΑΙΟΣ

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G0572

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-PLOH-tee-tee

Translations: (to) simplicity, (to) sincerity, (to) generosity, (in) simplicity, (in) sincerity, (in) generosity, (with) simplicity, (with) sincerity, (with) generosity, a simplicity, a sincerity, a generosity

Notes: This word refers to the quality of being simple, sincere, or generous. It can denote singleness of purpose, straightforwardness, or an unselfish spirit. In a sentence, it often describes the manner or attitude with which an action is performed, such as acting with sincerity of heart or giving with generosity.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΘΥΤΗΣ, ΕΙΛΙΚΡΙΝΕΙΑ, ΓΝΗΣΙΟΤΗΣ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G3563

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: NOOS

Translations: mind, a mind, understanding, a faculty of understanding, reason, intellect, thought, a thought, purpose, a purpose

Notes: This word refers to the human mind, intellect, or faculty of understanding. It can also denote one's thoughts, purpose, or way of thinking. It is often used to describe the inner capacity for perception, judgment, and moral discernment.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΝΟΙΑ, ΣΥΝΕΣΙΣ, ΓΝΩΣΙΣ

Etymology: From an unstated root, likely related to the Proto-Indo-European root *sneh₁- meaning 'to think, to perceive'. It refers to the faculty of perception and understanding.

G3588, G3739, G2228

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G5590

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: Ps-oo-KHEE

Translations: soul, life, mind, heart, a soul, a life

Notes: This word refers to the soul, the animating principle of a human or animal, often considered the seat of emotions, desires, and affections. It can also denote life itself, the individual person, or the mind/inner self. It is used in various contexts to refer to the breath of life, the spiritual part of a human being, or simply one's existence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΝΕΥΜΑ, ΖΩΗ, ΚΑΡΔΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb ψύχω (psychō), meaning 'to breathe' or 'to blow', referring to the breath as the principle of life. It is related to the concept of breath as the essence of life.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G1939

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-pee-thoo-MEE-ah

Translations: desire, a desire, longing, craving, lust

Notes: This word refers to a strong desire or longing, which can be either good or bad depending on the context. It can denote a legitimate and positive desire, such as a longing for righteousness, or a negative and sinful craving, often translated as 'lust' when referring to carnal or worldly desires. It is commonly used to describe the inner impulses or inclinations of a person.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΡΕΞΙΣ, ΠΟΘΟΣ, ΒΟΥΛΗ

Etymology: From 'ἐπιθυμέω' (epithymeō, 'to long for, desire'), which is formed from 'ἐπί' (epi, 'upon, toward') and 'θυμός' (thymos, 'passion, spirit, soul'). It literally means 'a passion directed towards something'.

G3361

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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G5101

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G0433

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-nee-KON-tohn

Translations: of things belonging, of things fitting, of things proper, of things due, of things pertaining

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the present active participle of the verb 'ΑΝΗΚΩ' (anēkō). It refers to things that are fitting, proper, or due, or things that belong or pertain to something or someone. It is often used to describe what is appropriate or what is owed in a particular context.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΡΕΠΟΝΤΩΝ, ΚΑΘΗΚΟΝΤΩΝ

G1519, G1520

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one

Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'

Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).

G1437

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-AHN

Translations: if, when, whenever, although

Notes: This word is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It often implies a condition that is possible or expected to occur, or a general truth. It can also be used to mean 'when' or 'whenever' in a general sense, or even 'although' in some contexts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ

Etymology: From the conjunction εἰ (ei, 'if') and the particle ἄν (an), which indicates potentiality or contingency. It combines these elements to form a conditional conjunction.

G1063

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Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G4012

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G1701

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Participle

Sounds like: eh-nes-TOH-toh

Translations: present, (in) the present, (at) hand, (that which is) present, (that which is) at hand, (that which is) imminent

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective 'enestos', meaning 'present' or 'at hand'. It refers to something that is currently existing, happening, or is imminent. It is often used in the context of time, indicating the present moment or the present age, or in a more general sense to describe something that is near or about to occur.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΩΝ, ΝΥΝ

G3195

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: MEL-lon-TON

Translations: (of) those about to, (of) future (things/people), (of) those going to, (of) those intending to

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'μέλλω' (mellō), which means 'to be about to', 'to intend to', or 'to be destined to'. As a participle, it describes someone or something that is on the verge of doing something or that pertains to the future. It often indicates an imminent action or a future state.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΩΝ, ΜΕΛΛΟΝΤΕΣ, ΜΕΛΛΟΥΣΩΝ

G1125

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: GRA-foh

Translations: I write, I draw, I record, I inscribe

Notes: This verb means 'to write' or 'to draw'. It is commonly used to describe the act of putting words or symbols onto a surface, such as paper or a tablet. It can also refer to the act of recording information or composing a text.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΡΑΦΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΩ, ΑΝΑΓΡΑΦΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *gerbh- 'to scratch, to carve'. In ancient Greek, it evolved to mean 'to scratch, to draw, to write'.

G3756, G3757

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

G3539

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: noh-AY-tay

Translations: may be understood, may be perceived, may be comprehended, may be considered

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'νοέω' (noeo), meaning 'to perceive, understand, or think'. In this specific inflection, it indicates an action that 'may be' or 'should be' understood or perceived, often implying a potential or desired outcome. It is used to describe something that becomes clear or is grasped mentally.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist, Passive, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ

Etymology: The verb 'νοέω' (noeo) derives from 'νοῦς' (nous), meaning 'mind' or 'intellect'. It signifies the act of using one's mind to perceive or comprehend.

G1223

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G3850

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pa-ra-bo-LAIS

Translations: (to) parables, (by) parables, (in) parables, (to) proverbs, (by) proverbs, (in) proverbs, (to) allegories, (by) allegories, (in) allegories

Notes: This word refers to a parable, proverb, or allegory. It is a compound word formed from 'para' (beside, alongside) and 'ballo' (to throw, to cast), literally meaning 'a placing alongside' or 'a comparison'. In usage, it often refers to a short, illustrative story that teaches a moral or spiritual lesson, or a saying that expresses a general truth. It can also denote a riddle or a figure of speech.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΟΙΜΙΑΙΣ, ΑΙΝΙΓΜΑΤΩΝ

G3303

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

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