Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Codex Sinaiticus / Epistle of Barnabas / Chapter 9
Epistle of Barnabas, Chapter 9
Interlinear version from Codex Sinaiticus (Beta)
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LEH-ghei
Translations: says, speaks, he says, he speaks, she says, she speaks, it says, it speaks
Notes: This is a common Koine Greek verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is frequently used to introduce direct quotes or to state what someone (or something) is declaring. It is often translated as 'he says' or 'the Lord says' in biblical contexts.
Inflection: Third person singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G3825
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: PAH-lin
Translations: again, back, anew, once more, on the other hand, moreover, in turn
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'again' or 'back'. It is used to indicate a repetition of an action or a return to a previous state or place. It can also be used to introduce a contrasting idea, similar to 'on the other hand' or 'moreover'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΥΘΙΣ, ΕΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kwel- (to turn, revolve). It refers to a turning back or repetition.
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G5621
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oh-TEE-ohn
Translations: of earrings, of ears
Notes: This word refers to small ears or, more commonly in the plural, earrings. It is used to describe items worn on or in the ear. In the provided context, it refers to golden earrings, indicating a valuable possession.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΝΩΤΙΟΝ
Etymology: From the Greek word οὖς (ous), meaning 'ear', with the diminutive suffix -ιον (-ion).
G4459
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: POHS
Translations: how, in what way, by what means, that, in order that
Notes: ΠΩΣ is an adverb used to inquire about the manner or means by which something occurs, translating to "how" or "in what way." It can introduce direct or indirect questions. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning "that" or "in order that," especially when expressing purpose or result.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative and interrogative pronominal stems.
G4061
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-ree-EH-teh-men
Translations: he circumcised, he cut around
Notes: This word means 'to circumcise' or 'to cut around'. It is often used in the context of the Jewish ritual of circumcision. It can also be used more generally to mean 'to cut off' or 'to remove something from around'. In a figurative sense, it can refer to the 'circumcision of the heart', meaning a spiritual purification.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΤΕΜΝΩ, ΕΚΚΟΠΤΩ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around', and the verb τέμνω (temnō), meaning 'to cut'.
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: HAY-moh
Translations: (of) us, our
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the first-person pronoun 'we'. It is used to indicate possession or origin, similar to 'of us' or 'our' in English. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of us' or 'our house'.
Inflection: First Person, Plural, Genitive
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G4561
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: sar-KAN
Translations: flesh, a flesh, body, human nature, carnal nature
Notes: This word refers to flesh, often in a literal sense as the physical body of humans or animals. It can also denote human nature, particularly its weaknesses or the carnal aspect of humanity, contrasting with the spiritual. It is used to describe the material substance of living beings.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΩΜΑ
G2588
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kar-DEE-an
Translations: heart, a heart
Notes: This word refers to the physical organ, the heart, but more commonly in Koine Greek, it signifies the center of a person's being, including their thoughts, emotions, will, and conscience. It is often used metaphorically to represent the inner self or the core of one's personality. It can be used in contexts like 'to set in one's heart' meaning to ponder or decide, or 'to speak to one's heart' meaning to comfort or encourage.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-os
Translations: Lord, a Lord, Master, a Master, Sir, a Sir
Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a sacred name abbreviation, for ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (Kyrios). It refers to a supreme authority, master, or owner. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their divine authority and sovereignty. It can also be used as a respectful address, similar to 'Sir'.
Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *keu- meaning 'to swell, to be strong, to be powerful'. It refers to one who has power or authority.
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EN
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G4396
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pro-FEE-tay
Translations: prophet, a prophet
Notes: This word refers to a prophet, someone who speaks for God or interprets His will. It is often used to describe individuals who deliver divine messages or foretell future events. In a sentence, it would typically function as a subject or object, as in 'the prophet spoke' or 'they listened to the prophet'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΑΝΤΙΣ, ΧΡΗΣΜΟΛΟΓΟΣ
G1519, G1520
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one
Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'
Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).
G189
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-KO-ayn
Translations: hearing, a hearing, report, a report, fame, a fame, rumor, a rumor, message, a message, ear, an ear
Notes: This word refers to the faculty of hearing, the act of hearing, or the information received through hearing, such as a report, rumor, or message. It can also refer to the physical ear itself, or to the sense of obedience that comes from hearing and heeding a command.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΦΗΜΗ, ΛΟΓΟΣ, ΕΙΔΗΣΙΣ
G3775
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OH-tee-oo
Translations: of an ear, of the ear
Notes: This word refers to the ear. It is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or relationship, often translated as 'of an ear' or 'of the ear'. It is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ωτιον' (otion).
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΩΣ
Etymology: The word ΩΤΙΟΝ (otion) is a diminutive of the word ΟΥΣ (ous), meaning 'ear'. The suffix -ιον (-ion) indicates a diminutive form, suggesting a 'little ear' or simply 'ear'.
G5219
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-pay-KOO-san
Translations: they obeyed, they listened, they submitted, they hearkened
Notes: This word means to obey, to listen to, or to submit to someone or something. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ὙΠΌ (HYPO), meaning 'under' or 'in submission to', and the verb ἈΚΟΎΩ (AKOUO), meaning 'to hear' or 'to listen'. Thus, it literally means 'to hear under' or 'to listen in submission'. It is used to describe an action of compliance or attentiveness to authority or instruction.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΠΕΙΘΩ, ΕΙΣΑΚΟΥΩ
G1700
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: moo
Translations: of me, my, mine
Notes: ΜΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning "of me," "my," or "mine." It indicates possession or origin, similar to how "my" or "mine" is used in English. It can be used with nouns to show ownership (e.g., "my house") or with verbs to indicate the source or object of an action (e.g., "he heard of me").
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Common Gender
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G0189
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-KO-ay
Translations: hearing, a hearing, report, a report, fame, rumor, an ear
Notes: This word refers to the act or faculty of hearing, or to that which is heard, such as a report, rumor, or news. It can also refer to the ear itself as the organ of hearing. It is used in contexts describing the reception of information through sound.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΚΟΥΣΜΑ, ΦΗΜΗ, ΛΟΓΟΣ
Etymology: From the verb ἀκούω (akouō), meaning 'to hear'. It describes the result or action of hearing.
G0191
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-koo-SON-tai
Translations: they will hear, they will listen, they will understand
Notes: This word is the third person plural future indicative form of the verb 'akouo', meaning 'to hear' or 'to listen'. It indicates an action that will happen in the future, specifically that a group of people ('they') will perform the action of hearing or listening. It can also imply understanding or paying attention to what is heard.
Inflection: Third person, Plural, Future, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΕΙΣΑΚΟΥΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ
Etymology: From a prolonged form of an obsolete primary verb, probably of uncertain affinity. It refers to the physical act of hearing, but also often implies mental attention and understanding.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G4207
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: por-ROH-then
Translations: from afar, from a distance, afar off
Notes: This word is an adverb indicating origin or position at a distance. It describes an action or state that occurs 'from afar' or 'from a distance'. It is often used to describe seeing, hearing, or coming from a remote place.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΑΚΡΑΝ, ΑΠΟΜΑΚΡΟΘΕΝ
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix
Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)
Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-
Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).
Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.
Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-POI-eh-sah
Translations: I did, I made, I created, I produced, I performed
Notes: This word is the first person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō). It signifies a completed action in the past, performed by the speaker. It is commonly used to express the act of doing, making, creating, or performing something. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'I made a house' or 'I did this work'.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ
G1097
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: gno-SON-tai
Translations: they will know, they shall know
Notes: This word is a verb indicating the act of knowing or coming to know something. It is in the future tense, meaning the action will occur at some point in the future. It is typically used to describe a group of people who will gain knowledge or understanding.
Inflection: Future, Indicative, Middle or Passive, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΕΙΔΗΣΟΥΣΙΝ, ΜΑΘΗΣΟΝΤΑΙ
G4061
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-rit-MEE-tai
Translations: they are circumcised, you are circumcised, let them be circumcised, let you be circumcised
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'peritemno', meaning 'to circumcise'. It refers to the act of cutting around or removing the foreskin, a significant religious and cultural practice in ancient Judaism. In the provided context, it appears to be used in a command or statement about being circumcised, possibly in a spiritual or metaphorical sense (circumcision of the heart) or literally.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Indicative Mood, 3rd Person Plural OR Imperative Mood, 2nd Person Plural
G4061
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-ree-tmee-THEH-tai
Translations: let him be circumcised, he must be circumcised, it must be circumcised
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'peritemnō', meaning 'to circumcise'. It is used to express a command or necessity for someone or something to undergo circumcision. It often appears in contexts related to religious or ritualistic practices, particularly in discussions of the Mosaic Law.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Imperative
Etymology: From the Greek preposition 'peri' (around) and the verb 'temnō' (to cut). Thus, literally 'to cut around'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G2588
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kar-DEE-as
Translations: of heart, of a heart, of mind, of soul, of inner self, of conscience, of courage, of will
Notes: This word refers to the physical heart, but more commonly in Koine Greek, it signifies the center of one's being, including thoughts, emotions, will, and conscience. It is often used to denote the inner person, the seat of spiritual and moral life. For example, it can refer to the core of one's beliefs or the source of one's intentions.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΨΥΧΗ, ΝΟΥΣ, ΠΝΕΥΜΑ
G5216
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hoo-MOHN
Translations: (of) you, your
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the second-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of you' or 'your' when referring to multiple people. It indicates possession, origin, or relationship concerning a group of people being addressed. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of you' (your house) or 'from among you'.
Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Genitive
G0191
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-KOO-eh
Translations: Hear!, Listen!, Obey!
Notes: This word is a command form of the verb 'to hear' or 'to listen'. It is used to directly instruct someone to pay attention, to perceive sound, or to obey. In a broader sense, it can imply heeding advice or understanding a message.
Inflection: Second person singular, Present Active Imperative
Synonyms: ΕΙΣΑΚΟΥΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'to perceive' or 'to understand'.
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Part of Speech: Unknown
Sounds like: ISL
Translations: unknown
Notes: This word appears to be a fragment or a misspelling. In Koine Greek, 'ΙΣΛ' does not correspond to a known word or abbreviation. It is possible it is part of a larger word, a transcription error, or an abbreviation not commonly documented.
Inflection: Unknown
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TA-deh
Translations: these things, thus, as follows
Notes: ΤΑΔΕ is the neuter plural form of the demonstrative pronoun ὅδε (hode), meaning 'this' or 'these'. It is often used to introduce a statement, a list of items, or direct speech, functioning like 'thus' or 'as follows'. For example, 'thus says the Lord'. It can refer to things that are about to be said or have just been mentioned.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΥΤΟΣ, ΤΟΙΟΥΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ὅδε (hode) is formed from the demonstrative pronoun ὁ (ho, 'this, that') and the deictic particle -δε (-de), which emphasizes proximity or immediate reference.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THEH-oss
Translations: God, a God, Lord
Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a sacred abbreviation, for the Greek word ΘΕΟΣ (Theos). It refers to God, the supreme being, or a god in a general sense. It is commonly used in the New Testament to refer to the God of Israel.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It refers to the supreme divinity, or a deity in general.
G4771
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Part of Speech: Personal Pronoun
Sounds like: soo
Translations: of you, your, yours
Notes: ΣΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the second-person personal pronoun 'you'. It indicates possession or relationship, similar to 'your' or 'of you' in English. It can be used to show that something belongs to the person being addressed, or to indicate the object of certain prepositions or verbs that take the genitive case.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, All genders
G5101
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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective
Sounds like: TEES
Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing
Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.
Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tee
Translations: is, he is, she is, it is, there is, exists, it exists, it is possible
Notes: This word is a common form of the verb 'to be' in Koine Greek. It indicates existence, identity, or a state of being. It can be used to link a subject to a predicate, or to simply state that something exists.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The root verb ΕΙΜΙ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is one of the most fundamental verbs in the Greek language.
G2309
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: THEH-lohn
Translations: wanting, willing, desiring, intending, wishing, choosing, purposing
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'θέλω' (thelo), meaning 'to want' or 'to will'. It describes someone who is in the process of wanting, willing, or desiring something. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, indicating the manner or reason for an action. For example, it could mean 'he who wants' or 'while wanting'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ
Etymology: The word θέλω (thelo) comes from Proto-Indo-European, related to concepts of 'will' or 'desire'.
G2198
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ZAY-seh
Translations: live, you live, you will live, to live
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'ζάω' (zaō), meaning 'to live'. Without diacritics, 'ΖΗΣΕ' most commonly represents the Aorist Imperative, 2nd person singular, meaning 'live!' (as a command). It can also be interpreted as a future indicative form, 'you will live', or even an infinitive 'to live' depending on the broader context and the specific diacritics that would have been present in the original text. It describes the act of existing, being alive, or experiencing life.
Inflection: Aorist Imperative, 2nd Person Singular; or Future Indicative, 2nd Person Singular; or Aorist Infinitive
Synonyms: ΒΙΟΩ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G0165
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ahee-OH-na
Translations: age, an age, eternity, an eternity, world, a world
Notes: This word refers to a period of time, which can range from a short span to an indefinite duration, or even eternity. It can also refer to the world or an era. In its accusative form, it often indicates the duration or extent of an action, or the object of a verb.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΟΣΜΟΣ, ΧΡΟΝΟΣ, ΓΕΝΕΑ
G0191
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-KOO-sah-tai
Translations: to hear, to listen, to be heard, to be listened to
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'akouo', meaning 'to hear' or 'to listen'. Without diacritics, 'AKOUSATAI' most commonly represents the aorist middle infinitive form, 'akousasthai', which means 'to hear' or 'to listen' (for oneself or with oneself as the subject of the action). It can also represent the aorist middle imperative, second person plural, 'akousasthe', meaning 'hear!' or 'listen!' (plural command). Additionally, it could be the aorist middle indicative, third person singular, 'akousato', meaning 'he/she/it heard' or 'he/she/it listened'. The specific meaning depends on the context and the implied diacritics.
Inflection: Aorist Middle Infinitive (to hear/listen) OR Aorist Middle Imperative, 2nd Person Plural (hear!/listen!) OR Aorist Middle Indicative, 3rd Person Singular (he/she/it heard/listened)
Synonyms: ΑΚΡΟΑΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΑΚΟΥΩ
G0191
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-koo-SAH-toh
Translations: let him hear, let her hear, let it hear, he must hear, she must hear, it must hear
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to hear' or 'to listen'. It is in the third-person singular aorist active imperative form, indicating a command or instruction for someone or something to hear or listen. It implies a definitive act of hearing that is to take place. It is often used to introduce an important statement or warning that requires attention.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Imperative
Synonyms: ΕΙΣΑΚΟΥΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ
Etymology: The word 'ἀκούω' (akouō) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is a fundamental verb in Koine Greek for the act of perception through sound.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G5456
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PHOH-nays
Translations: (of) voice, (of) sound, (of) noise
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun ΦΩΝΗ (phōnē), meaning 'voice,' 'sound,' or 'noise.' It is used to indicate possession or origin, often translated as 'of a voice,' 'of a sound,' or 'of a noise.' For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the sound of thunder' or 'the voice of the Lord.'
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΗΧΟΣ, ΚΡΑΥΓΗ
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G3816
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PAI-doss
Translations: of a child, of a boy, of a servant, of a son
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΠΑΙΣ' (pais). It refers to a child, a boy, a servant, or a son. As a genitive case, it indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with 'of'. For example, 'the house of the servant' or 'the father of the child'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΥ, ΥΙΟΥ, ΔΟΥΛΟΥ
G3739
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OO-neh-kah, OO-neh-ken
Translations: on account of, because of, for the sake of, for which cause, wherefore
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΟΥΝΕΚΑ or ΟΥΝΕΚΕΝ, meaning 'on account of' or 'because of'. It functions as a conjunction or an improper preposition, typically followed by a genitive case to indicate the reason or cause for something. It can introduce a clause explaining the reason for an action or state.
Inflection: Does not inflect (improper preposition/conjunction)
Synonyms: ΔΙΑ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From the relative pronoun ΟΥ (of which) and ΕΝΕΚΑ (on account of).
G1801
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-noh-TEE-zoh
Translations: listen, give ear, pay attention, hear
Notes: This verb means to listen attentively or to give ear to something. It is often used in the imperative to command someone to pay close attention to what is being said. It implies a deliberate act of heeding or taking notice, rather than just passively hearing.
Inflection: Imperative, Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Second Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΚΟΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ ΤΟΝ ΝΟΥΝ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐν (en, 'in') + οὖς (ous, 'ear'). The word literally means 'to put into the ear' or 'to apply oneself to the ear', hence to listen attentively.
G1093
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GAY
Translations: earth, land, ground, country, a land, the earth
Notes: This word refers to the physical ground, the planet Earth, or a specific territory or country. It is often used to distinguish land from the sea or sky, or to denote a particular region or nation.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΓΑΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It refers to the earth as a flat, solid surface, distinct from the heavens or the sea.
G2980
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-LAH-lee-sen
Translations: he spoke, she spoke, it spoke, he said, she said, it said
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to speak' or 'to say'. It is used to describe an action of communication, often referring to a specific utterance or declaration made by a single person in the past. It can be used in various contexts, from casual conversation to formal pronouncements.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΙΠΟΝ, ΛΕΓΩ, ΦΗΜΙ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOW-tah
Translations: these, these things
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'these' or 'these things'. It refers to something previously mentioned or understood from the context, pointing it out specifically. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, while as an adjective, it modifies a noun.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G3142
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: mar-too-REE-on
Translations: testimony, a testimony, witness, a witness, evidence, a proof
Notes: This word refers to a testimony, witness, or evidence. It is used to describe something that provides proof or confirmation of a fact or event. It can refer to the act of bearing witness or the content of what is testified.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΣ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ
Etymology: From G3144 (μάρτυς, 'martys'), meaning 'witness'. It refers to that which is borne witness to, or the content of a witness's testimony.
G0191
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-KOO-sah-teh
Translations: hear, listen, obey, understand, give heed
Notes: This word is an imperative form of the verb 'to hear' or 'to listen'. It is used to command or exhort a group of people to pay attention, listen, or obey. It can also imply understanding or giving heed to something said.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person Plural
Synonyms: ΕΙΣΑΚΟΥΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ
G3056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LOH-gon
Translations: word, a word, message, a message, account, an account, reason, a reason, saying, a saying
Notes: This word refers to a word, message, statement, or account. It can also denote reason, speech, or a divine utterance. In a sentence, it often functions as the direct object, indicating what is being spoken, heard, or discussed.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΕΠΟΣ, ΜΥΘΟΣ
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: koo-REE-oo
Translations: of Lord, of the Lord
Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a scribal abbreviation for ΚΥΡΙΟΥ (Kyriou), which is the genitive form of ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (Kyrios). It means 'of the Lord' or 'of Lord' and is commonly used to refer to God or Jesus in ancient Greek texts. It indicates possession or origin related to the Lord.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΘΕΟΥ
G0758
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AR-khon-tes
Translations: rulers, magistrates, princes, chiefs, authorities, officials
Notes: This word refers to those who hold a position of authority or power, such as rulers, magistrates, or officials. It is the plural form of the noun 'ΑΡΧΩΝ' (ARCHON), meaning 'ruler' or 'chief'. It is used to describe individuals or groups who exercise governmental, judicial, or other forms of leadership.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΗΓΕΜΟΝΕΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΣΤΑΙ, ΚΥΡΙΟΙ
G2992
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: lah-OO
Translations: of people, of a people, of nation, of a nation, of crowd, of a crowd
Notes: This word refers to a group of people, a nation, or a crowd. It is often used to describe a specific group of people, such as the people of Israel, or a general populace.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΘΝΟΥΣ, ΔΗΜΟΥ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOO-too
Translations: of this, of him, of it
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the demonstrative pronoun 'this' or 'he/she/it'. It indicates possession or origin, often translated as 'of this' or 'of him/it', and is used to point out something specific that has already been mentioned or is understood from context.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΥ
G5043
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TEK-nah
Translations: children, offspring
Notes: This word refers to children or offspring. It is the plural form of the noun 'τέκνον' (teknon), meaning 'child'. It is commonly used to refer to one's descendants or young ones in general.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΑΙΔΙΑ, ΥΙΟΙ
G5456
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: foh-NAY
Translations: voice, sound, noise, a voice, a sound, a noise
Notes: This word refers to a voice, a sound, or a noise. It is commonly used to describe the sound produced by living beings, such as a human voice or the sound of an animal, but can also refer to inanimate sounds like thunder or the sound of a trumpet. It is a feminine noun.
Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Feminine
Synonyms: ΗΧΟΣ, ΚΡΑΥΓΗ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (to speak, tell, say). Cognate with Latin fari (to speak) and English ban.
G0994
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: boh-OHN-tos
Translations: crying out, shouting, roaring, of one crying out, of one shouting
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'βοάω' (boao), meaning 'to cry aloud' or 'to shout'. It describes someone who is in the act of crying out, shouting, or roaring. It is often used to refer to a voice or person making a loud proclamation or sound.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active
Synonyms: ΚΡΑΖΩ, ΦΩΝΕΩ, ΚΕΚΡΑΓΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAY
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which
Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.
G2049
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-reh-MOH
Translations: to make desolate, to lay waste, to destroy, to devastate, to leave desolate
Notes: This verb means to make something desolate, to lay it waste, or to destroy it. It describes the act of causing a place or thing to become empty, deserted, or ruined. It can be used to describe the destruction of cities, lands, or even the desolation of a person's life or spirit.
Inflection: First Person Singular, Present Active Indicative
Synonyms: ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ΔΙΑΦΘΕΙΡΩ
Etymology: From ἔρημος (erēmos), meaning 'desolate, solitary, desert'. The verb form means to make something desolate.
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: oo-KOON
Translations: therefore, then, consequently, so, well then, is it not so, accordingly, is it not the case that
Notes: ΟΥΚΟΥΝ is an inferential particle, often used to draw a conclusion or consequence from what has just been said. It can introduce a question, expecting an affirmative answer, similar to 'is it not so?' or 'surely then?'. It can also function as a strong affirmation or a transition, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It is a compound word formed from ΟΥΚ (not) and ΟΥΝ (therefore, then).
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥΝ, ΔΙΟ
Etymology: From the negative particle ΟΥΚ (not) and the inferential particle ΟΥΝ (therefore, then).
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hay-MOHN
Translations: of us, our
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of us' or 'our'. It indicates possession or origin related to a group of speakers. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of us' or 'our house'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, First Person
G189
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-ko-AS
Translations: of hearing, of a report, of fame, of the ear, of an ear
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'akoē', which refers to the act or faculty of hearing, a report or message that is heard, or the physical organ of the ear. In its genitive form, it often indicates possession, origin, or the object of an action related to hearing, such as 'of hearing' or 'of a report'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΚΟΗ
G2443
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: EE-nah
Translations: in order that, that, so that, to
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.
G0191
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-koo-SOH-men
Translations: let us hear, let us listen, let us obey
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to hear,' 'to listen,' or 'to obey.' It is used to express a command or exhortation for a group of people ('us') to perform the action of hearing or listening. In some contexts, especially when followed by a dative object, it can imply obedience or heeding a command.
Inflection: First Person Plural, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ, ΠΕΙΘΩ
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G3440
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective
Sounds like: MO-non
Translations: only, alone, merely, a single, a solitary
Notes: This word can function as an adverb meaning 'only' or 'merely', indicating exclusivity or limitation. It can also be the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ΜΟΝΟΣ', meaning 'alone' or 'solitary', describing something as being by itself or unique. In its adverbial use, it often modifies verbs or clauses to emphasize that something is done exclusively or that a condition applies solely to one thing.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)
Synonyms: ΜΟΝΩΣ, ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ
G4100
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pis-TEV-so-men
Translations: let us believe, we may believe, we should believe, we might believe
Notes: This word means 'to believe' or 'to trust'. It is a verb form that expresses a hortatory subjunctive, which is used to encourage or urge a group (in this case, 'us') to perform an action. Therefore, it translates to 'let us believe' or 'we should believe'. It can be used in sentences where a speaker is proposing an action for a group to undertake.
Inflection: First Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive
Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΑΜΕΝ, ΕΛΠΙΖΟΜΕΝ
G2255
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: HEM-is
Translations: half, a half
Notes: This word refers to one of two equal parts into which something is divided. It can function as an adjective, meaning 'half', or as a noun, meaning 'a half'. It is often used in contexts describing the division of property, time, or other quantities.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the Latin 'semi-' and English 'semi-'.
G0235
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: AL-lah
Translations: but, yet, rather, on the contrary, nevertheless, however, indeed
Notes: This word is primarily a conjunction used to introduce a contrast or opposition to what has just been stated. It can often be translated as 'but' or 'yet'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'on the contrary' or 'indeed', emphasizing a preceding statement or introducing a strong affirmation.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΟΜΩΣ, ΠΛΗΝ
Etymology: From the neuter plural of the adjective ἄλλος (allos), meaning 'other'. It developed into a conjunction indicating distinction or opposition.
G3588, G3739, G2228
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection
Sounds like: AY
Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah
Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)
Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.
G4061
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: peh-ree-toh-MEE
Translations: circumcision, a circumcision
Notes: This word refers to the act of circumcision, a religious or cultural practice involving the removal of the foreskin. It is often used in a literal sense, but in the New Testament, it can also be used metaphorically to refer to a spiritual transformation or a covenant relationship with God, as opposed to a mere physical act.
Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative
Etymology: From the Greek verb περιτέμνω (peritemnō), meaning 'to cut around', which is a compound of περί (peri, 'around') and τέμνω (temnō, 'to cut').
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EF
Translations: upon, on, over, to, against, at, by, for, in, among, with, toward, concerning, because of
Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), which means 'upon' or 'on'. The final vowel of ΕΠΙ is dropped when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it means 'upon, on, over, during'; with the dative, it means 'on, at, by, for, in addition to'; and with the accusative, it means 'on, to, against, over, toward'. It is a very common and versatile preposition.
Inflection: Does not inflect (elided form of a preposition)
G3588, G3739, G3778, G5101
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: HAYS
Translations: (of) the, (of) who, (of) which, (of) this, (of) that, (of) what
Notes: The word "ΗΣ" is a versatile form in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as the genitive singular for masculine and feminine nouns. It can be the genitive singular of the definite article 'the', indicating possession or relationship. It can also be the genitive singular of the relative pronoun 'who/which', connecting clauses, or the demonstrative pronoun 'this/that', pointing to something specific. Additionally, it can be the genitive singular of the interrogative pronoun 'what/who', used in questions.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine
G3982
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-POY-thah-sin
Translations: they have trusted, they have been persuaded, they have obeyed, they have believed
Notes: This is a verb indicating a state of having been persuaded, convinced, or having placed trust or confidence in something or someone. It is often used to describe a settled conviction or reliance. In a sentence, it would typically be used with a subject that has come to trust or believe.
Inflection: Third Person Plural, Perfect Indicative Active
Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΕΥΩ, ΕΛΠΙΖΩ
G2673
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tahr-GAY-tai
Translations: it has been abolished, it has been rendered ineffective, it has been made void, it has been done away with, it has been brought to nothing
Notes: This word describes something that has been rendered inactive, ineffective, or abolished. It implies a state of being nullified or brought to an end, often in a way that makes it powerless or obsolete. It is used to describe laws, practices, or powers that have lost their force or authority.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Perfect Indicative, Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΑΘΕΤΕΩ, ΑΚΥΡΟΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ
G4061
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: peh-ree-toh-MEN
Translations: circumcision, a circumcision
Notes: This word refers to the act of circumcision, a religious or cultural practice involving the removal of the foreskin. In Koine Greek, it often refers to the Jewish practice of circumcision, which was a sign of the covenant with God. It can be used in both a literal sense and a metaphorical sense, referring to a spiritual cleansing or transformation.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: From the Greek verb περιτέμνω (peritemnō), meaning 'to cut around'. It is a compound word formed from περί (peri), meaning 'around', and τέμνω (temnō), meaning 'to cut'.
G2036
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-RAY-kay
Translations: he has said, he has spoken, he has told, he said, he spoke, he told
Notes: This is the third person singular, perfect active indicative form of the verb 'to say' or 'to speak'. It indicates an action completed in the past with continuing results or relevance in the present. It is commonly used to report what someone has stated.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Perfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΛΕΛΑΛΗΚΕ, ΕΙΠΕΝ
G3756, G3757
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when
Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)
Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ
Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.
G4561
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: sar-KOS
Translations: of flesh, of body, of human nature
Notes: This word refers to flesh, the physical body, or human nature in general. It is often used in a theological sense to denote the sinful or unredeemed aspect of humanity, in contrast to the spirit. It can also simply refer to the physical substance of living beings.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΩΜΑ, ΦΥΣΙΣ
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: geh-nay-THEE-nai
Translations: to become, to be, to come into being, to happen, to arise, to be made
Notes: This is the aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become' or 'to be'. It expresses the idea of something coming into existence, happening, or being made. As an infinitive, it often functions like a verbal noun, indicating the purpose or result of an action, or simply the action itself without a specific subject.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΦΥΟΜΑΙ
G3845
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: par-eh-BEE-sah
Translations: they transgressed, they violated, they went beyond, they broke
Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'παραβαίνω' (parabainō). It means 'they transgressed' or 'they violated' a law, command, or agreement. It describes an action of stepping over a boundary or going against an established rule.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΑΘΕΤΕΩ, ΠΑΡΑΚΟΥΩ, ΠΑΡΑΠΙΠΤΩ
G0032
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ANG-ge-los
Translations: angel, a angel, messenger, a messenger
Notes: This word refers to a messenger, envoy, or one who brings tidings. In a religious context, it commonly refers to a divine messenger or an angel. It is a masculine noun and is frequently used in the New Testament to denote celestial beings.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΞ, ΔΙΑΚΟΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'ΑΓΓΕΛΟΣ' is of uncertain origin, possibly derived from a root meaning 'to bring tidings' or 'to announce'. It is a common term in ancient Greek literature and religious texts.
G4190
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: po-NEE-ros
Translations: evil, wicked, bad, malicious, harmful, worthless, a wicked person, the evil one
Notes: This word describes something or someone as evil, wicked, or bad. It can refer to moral depravity, harmfulness, or worthlessness. It is often used to describe people who are morally corrupt or actions that are harmful. When used substantively, it can refer to 'the evil one,' often understood as the devil.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ
Etymology: The word is derived from πονέω (poneō), meaning 'to toil, labor, suffer,' suggesting something that causes toil or suffering, hence 'evil' or 'painful.'
G4969
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-fakh-sen
Translations: he slaughtered, he slew, he sacrificed, he killed
Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb σφάζω (sphazo). It describes a completed action in the past, specifically that 'he' or 'she' or 'it' performed the action of slaughtering, slaying, or sacrificing. It is often used in contexts of ritual sacrifice, killing animals, or violent death.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ΑΝΑΙΡΕΩ, ΦΟΝΕΥΩ
G4679
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-SO-fi-zen
Translations: he was making wise, he was making skillful, he was devising, he was inventing, he was outwitting, he was deceiving
Notes: This word describes the action of making someone wise or skillful, or of devising and inventing something. In some contexts, it can also mean to outwit or deceive someone through cleverness. It is used to describe an ongoing or repeated action in the past.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΕΞΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ, ΚΑΤΑΠΛΑΝΩ
Etymology: The word ΣΟΦΙΖΩ (sophizo) is derived from the Greek word ΣΟΦΟΣ (sophos), meaning 'wise' or 'skillful'. It implies the application of wisdom or skill to an action.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOOS
Translations: them, themselves, him, it, the same
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ' (autos). In this specific form, it is used to mean 'them' or 'themselves' when referring to masculine plural nouns in the accusative case. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'the same' depending on the context and agreement with the noun it modifies. When used as a personal pronoun, it often refers back to a previously mentioned noun.
Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΥΣ, ΣΦΑΣ
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G5602
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OH-deh
Translations: here, hither, in this place, to this place
Notes: This word is an adverb indicating location or direction, meaning 'here' or 'to this place'. It is used to point to a specific location or to indicate movement towards the speaker or a particular spot. For example, it can be used in commands like 'Come here!' or to state that something is located 'here'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΝΘΑΔΕ, ΕΝΤΑΥΘΑ
Etymology: From the demonstrative stem *ho- (this) and the locative suffix -de. It indicates proximity to the speaker.
G2147
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: yoo-RIS-koh
Translations: find, discover, obtain, perceive, learn, devise
Notes: This verb means 'to find' or 'to discover'. It can refer to finding something lost, discovering a fact, or even obtaining something. It is often used in contexts where something is sought after and then located or realized. It can also mean to 'devise' or 'invent'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ
Etymology: From an ancient root meaning 'to come upon'. It is related to the idea of encountering or meeting something.
G1785
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: en-to-LEN
Translations: commandment, a commandment, command, an order, instruction, an instruction
Notes: This word refers to a commandment, command, or instruction. It is often used in a religious context to refer to divine commands or laws, but can also refer to a general order or instruction given by one person to another. It is used as the direct object of a verb.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΤΑΓΜΑ, ΔΙΑΤΑΓΗ
G4687
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: SPAY-reh-tai
Translations: is sown, is being sown
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to sow' or 'to scatter seed'. In this form, 'σπείρεται' is in the passive voice, indicating that something 'is sown' or 'is being sown' by an external agent, rather than actively sowing itself. It describes the action of planting seeds in the ground.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΦΥΤΕΥΕΤΑΙ, ΒΑΛΛΕΤΑΙ
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: ep-EE
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, by, in, for, in addition to, besides, after, during, when, because of, concerning
Notes: This word is a common Koine Greek preposition that can also function as an adverb or a prefix. Its meaning is highly dependent on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place or time), 'in the time of', or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'on, upon, at' (of place), 'in addition to', 'for the purpose of', or 'because of'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'on, upon, to' (indicating motion towards), 'against', 'over' (of authority), or 'for' (of purpose). As a prefix, it generally adds the meaning of 'upon', 'over', 'to', or 'in addition'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΠΑΡΑ, ΥΠΕΡ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.
G0001
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-KAN-thais
Translations: thorns, thistles, prickles
Notes: This word refers to thorns, thistles, or any prickly plant. It is often used metaphorically to describe difficulties, troubles, or things that hinder growth or progress, much like thorns can choke out good plants. It can also refer to the sharp points or spines themselves.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΡΙΒΟΛΟΙ, ΣΚΟΛΟΠΕΣ
Etymology: The word 'ΑΚΑΝΘΑ' (akantha) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to the verb 'ακίζω' (akizo), meaning 'to sharpen'.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THEH-oh
Translations: to God, for God, God
Notes: This word is a nomina sacra, a contracted form of the Koine Greek word ΘΕΩ (THEO). It is the dative singular form of the noun ΘΕΟΣ (THEOS), meaning 'God'. As a dative case, it typically indicates the indirect object of a verb, showing to whom or for whom an action is performed. Thus, it is commonly translated as 'to God' or 'for God'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
G5101
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE
Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing
Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.
G4641
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: sklay-roh-kar-DEE-an
Translations: hardness of heart, a hardness of heart, stubbornness, obstinacy
Notes: This is a compound noun meaning 'hardness of heart' or 'stubbornness'. It refers to a state of spiritual insensitivity or resistance to God's will and truth. It describes a person who is unyielding, unrepentant, and unwilling to listen or change, often used in a negative sense regarding spiritual or moral obduracy.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΠΕΙΘΕΙΑ, ΣΚΛΗΡΟΤΗΣ
Etymology: The word is a compound of two Greek words: σκληρός (sklēros), meaning 'hard' or 'harsh', and καρδία (kardia), meaning 'heart'. It literally means 'hard-heartedness'.
G5137
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TRA-khee-LON
Translations: neck, a neck
Notes: This word refers to the neck, the part of the body connecting the head to the torso. It can be used literally to describe the physical neck, but it is also frequently used metaphorically in expressions related to submission, burden, or stubbornness, such as 'to put a yoke on the neck' or 'to stiffen the neck'.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Masculine
G4645
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: sklee-roo-NEH-teh
Translations: harden, make hard, make stubborn
Notes: This verb means to make something hard or stubborn. It is often used metaphorically in the New Testament and Septuagint to describe the hardening of one's heart or neck, signifying resistance to God's will or a refusal to obey. It can be used in a literal sense for physical hardening, but its most common usage is figurative.
Inflection: 2nd Person Plural, Present Active Indicative or Imperative
Synonyms: ΣΚΛΗΡΥΝΩ, ΣΚΛΗΡΟΚΑΡΔΙΑ
Etymology: From the Greek adjective σκληρός (sklēros), meaning 'hard' or 'harsh'. The verb σκληρύνω means 'to make hard'.
G2400
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Part of Speech: Interjection, Adverb
Sounds like: ee-DOO
Translations: behold, look, see, lo, here is, here are
Notes: This word is an interjection used to draw attention to something, similar to 'behold' or 'look!' in English. It can introduce a new or important statement, often emphasizing what follows. It can also be used to present something, meaning 'here is' or 'here are'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΡΑ, ΒΛΕΠΕ
Etymology: From the aorist imperative of the verb ΟΡΑΩ (HORAO), meaning 'to see'. It functions as an interjection.
G2983
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LAH-beh
Translations: take, receive, get
Notes: ΛΑΒΕ is the second person singular aorist active imperative form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō). It means 'take!', 'receive!', or 'get!'. It is a command or an exhortation directed at a single person, urging them to perform the action of taking or receiving something.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, 2nd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-ta
Translations: all, every, everything, all things
Notes: This word means 'all' or 'every'. In its plural neuter form, as seen here, it often translates to 'all things' or 'everything'. It is used to indicate totality or universality, referring to a complete set or collection of items or concepts.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G1484
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ETH-nay
Translations: nations, Gentiles, peoples
Notes: This word refers to groups of people, often distinct from a specific nation or group. In a biblical context, especially in the New Testament, it frequently refers to the 'Gentiles' or 'nations' as distinct from Israel. It can also simply mean 'peoples' or 'tribes'.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΑΟΙ, ΦΥΛΑΙ
G0203
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ak-roh-by-STEE-ahn
Translations: uncircumcision, a state of uncircumcision, foreskin
Notes: This word refers to the state of being uncircumcised, or more literally, the foreskin itself. It is often used metaphorically in the New Testament to describe Gentiles or those who are not part of the covenant people of God, in contrast to those who are circumcised.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G2992
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LAH-os
Translations: people, a people, nation, a nation
Notes: This word refers to a people, a nation, or a multitude of individuals, often implying a distinct group or community. It is commonly used to refer to the people of God, or a specific population within a region. It is a masculine noun.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΔΗΜΟΣ
Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to words meaning 'to gather' or 'to assemble'.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: OO-tos
Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.
G0564
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-peh-RIT-mee-tos
Translations: uncircumcised, uncircumcised (one)
Notes: This word describes someone or something that has not undergone circumcision. It is often used metaphorically in the New Testament to refer to those who are spiritually uncircumcised, meaning they are resistant to God's will or have unpurified hearts and ears. It can also refer to Gentiles (non-Jews) who were not physically circumcised.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΚΡΟΒΥΣΤΙΑ
Etymology: This word is a compound of the alpha privative 'Α-' (meaning 'un-' or 'not') and 'ΠΕΡΙΤΜΗΤΟΣ' (peritmetos), which means 'circumcised'. Thus, it literally means 'not circumcised' or 'uncircumcised'.
G0235
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: ALL
Translations: but, yet, rather, on the contrary, however, moreover, indeed
Notes: This word is a conjunction or adverb used to introduce a contrast, an exception, or an emphasis. It often translates to 'but' or 'yet' when contrasting two ideas, or 'rather' when correcting a previous statement. It can also be used to add emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is an indeclinable particle.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other'. It is related to Latin alius and English 'else'.
G2054
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: EH-ris
Translations: strife, contention, dispute, rivalry, discord, quarrel, a quarrel
Notes: This word refers to a state of conflict, disagreement, or rivalry. It describes a situation where people are at odds with each other, often leading to arguments or disputes. It can be used to describe both verbal disagreements and more intense forms of contention.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΜΑΧΗ, ΔΙΧΟΣΤΑΣΙΑ, ΕΡΙΘΕΙΑ
Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be an ancient Greek term for discord or contention.
G3376, G3378
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adverb
Sounds like: MAYN
Translations: month, a month, surely, indeed, truly, certainly
Notes: This word has two primary meanings in Koine Greek. As a noun (G3378), it refers to a 'month', a period of time. As an adverb (G3376), it functions as an emphatic particle, meaning 'surely', 'indeed', 'truly', or 'certainly', often used to confirm or emphasize a statement. It can also be used in questions to expect a positive answer.
Inflection: Noun: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative; Adverb: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΤΟΣ, ΑΛΗΘΩΣ, ΟΝΤΩΣ
Etymology: The noun 'ΜΗΝ' (month) comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to the moon and its cycle. The adverb 'ΜΗΝ' (surely) is also of uncertain but ancient origin, possibly related to particles of affirmation.
G4061
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-ree-TET-mee-tai
Translations: has been circumcised, is circumcised
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to circumcise'. The form 'περιτέτμηται' indicates a completed action in the past (perfect tense) that has ongoing results in the present. It is in the passive voice, meaning the subject is the one being circumcised. It is used to describe someone or something that has undergone the act of circumcision.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Etymology: From Ancient Greek περί (peri, “around”) and τέμνω (temnō, “to cut”). It literally means 'to cut around'.
G4973
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: sfra-GHEE-da
Translations: seal, a seal, signet, a signet, mark, a mark
Notes: This word refers to a seal or signet, often used to authenticate documents, mark ownership, or secure something. It could be an impression made by a signet ring or a device used to make such an impression. In a broader sense, it can signify a mark or a token of authenticity or possession.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΗΜΕΙΟΝ, ΤΥΠΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΣΦΡΑΓΙΣ (sphragis) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek or from an unknown root.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAS
Translations: all, every, whole, any, a whole
Notes: This word means 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate totality or completeness. It can refer to every single item in a group, or the entirety of something. For example, 'all people' or 'the whole house'. It often takes on the meaning of 'every' when used with a singular noun, and 'all' when used with a plural noun. It can also mean 'any' in certain contexts.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'all' or 'every' in various Indo-European languages.
G4948
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: SOO-ross
Translations: Syrian, Syria
Notes: This word refers to a person from Syria, a Syrian, or can also refer to the region of Syria itself. It is used to identify someone's origin or the geographical area.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Hebrew Aram (H758), referring to the region of Aram or Syria. It is the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew term.
G0688
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AH-raps
Translations: Arab, an Arab
Notes: This word refers to an Arab, a person from Arabia. It is used to denote the ethnicity or origin of an individual from the Arabian peninsula or its surrounding regions.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The word is of Semitic origin, likely from Hebrew 'arav (עָרָב), meaning 'desert' or 'steppe', referring to the nomadic peoples of the Arabian desert.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tes
Translations: all, every, whole
Notes: This word means 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate the totality or completeness of a group or quantity, often referring to 'all' members of a set or 'every' single item. It can also mean 'whole' when referring to a single entity.
Inflection: Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: HOLOS
G2409
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hee-EH-race
Translations: priests
Notes: This word refers to individuals who perform sacred rites and offer sacrifices, acting as intermediaries between people and the divine. In ancient contexts, priests were often associated with temples and religious cults, responsible for maintaining religious traditions and rituals.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΟΙ, ΘΥΤΗΡΕΣ
G1497
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-DOH-lohn
Translations: of idols, of images, of false gods
Notes: This word refers to an idol, an image, or a false god. It is often used in the context of pagan worship, referring to the objects or deities worshipped instead of the true God. It can also refer to a mental image or a phantom.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΔΕΛΥΓΜΑ, ΑΓΑΛΜΑ
G0686
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: A-RA
Translations: then, therefore, consequently, so, perhaps, indeed, really, surely
Notes: This word is a particle used to introduce a question, an inference, or to emphasize a statement. It can indicate a logical consequence, meaning 'therefore' or 'so'. It can also be used in questions to imply an expectation or to express surprise, sometimes translated as 'then' or 'surely'. Its precise meaning often depends on the context and the type of sentence it appears in.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΝ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥΝ, ΔΗ
Etymology: This particle is of uncertain origin, possibly from a root meaning 'to fit' or 'to join'. It is a primary particle in Koine Greek.
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, accordingly, consequently, so, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or continuation. It often introduces a conclusion or a statement that follows from what has just been said. It can also be used to resume a narrative or to emphasize a point, sometimes translated as 'now' or 'indeed' in such contexts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂u, a particle indicating 'away from'. In Greek, it developed into a particle of inference or transition.
G2532, G1565
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: kah-KAY-noy
Translations: and those, and they, and those ones, also those, also they
Notes: This word is a compound of the conjunction 'καί' (kai, meaning 'and, also, even') and the demonstrative pronoun 'ἐκεῖνοι' (ekeinoi, meaning 'those' or 'they'). It is used to refer to a group of people or things that are distinct from the current subject, often emphasizing that the same action or characteristic applies to them as well. It functions as the subject of a sentence or clause.
Inflection: Compound, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ ΟΥΤΟΙ, ΚΑΙ ΑΥΤΟΙ
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EK
Translations: out of, from, of, by, among, with
Notes: This word is a preposition that typically governs the genitive case. It denotes origin, source, or separation, indicating movement 'out of' or 'from' a place, time, or cause. It can also signify the material from which something is made, the agent by whom something is done, or the reason for an action. For example, it can mean 'out of the house' or 'from that day'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs, meaning 'out'. It is cognate with Latin ex- and English out.
G1242
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: Dee-ah-THEE-kees
Translations: (of) a covenant, (of) the covenant, (of) a testament, (of) the testament, (of) a will, (of) the will
Notes: This word refers to a solemn agreement or a binding compact, often between God and humans, or between two parties. It can also refer to a last will and testament, a legal document outlining a person's wishes for their possessions after death. Its meaning can shift depending on the context, often referring to a divine covenant in religious texts or a human will in legal contexts.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΘΗΚΗ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, their own
Notes: This word is a personal pronoun in the genitive plural. It can be translated as 'of them' or 'their', indicating possession or origin. It is often used reflexively, meaning 'their own' or 'of themselves', referring back to the subject of the sentence.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΣΦΩΝ, ΕΑΥΤΩΝ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-seen
Translations: they are, are
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to be'. It means 'they are' or simply 'are', indicating existence or a state of being for a plural subject. It can be used to link a subject to a predicate, such as 'they are good' or to state the existence of something, as in 'there are many people'.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΥΣΙΝ, ΓΙΝΟΝΤΑΙ
G0003
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ai-GYP-tee-oy
Translations: Egyptians, an Egyptian, of Egyptians
Notes: This word refers to people from Egypt. It can be used as an adjective to describe something as Egyptian, or as a noun to refer to the people themselves. In the provided context, it is used as a noun referring to the people of Egypt.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: Derived from ΑΙΓΥΠΤΟΣ (Aigyptos), the Greek name for Egypt.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-see
Translations: they are, there are, they exist
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to be' in Koine Greek. It indicates the third person plural present indicative active, meaning 'they are' or 'there are'. It is used to describe the state of being or existence of multiple subjects.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active
G3129
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: mah-THEH-teh
Translations: learn, understand, be taught, perceive, find out
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to learn, to understand, or to be taught. It implies gaining knowledge or skill through instruction or experience. It is often used in the imperative mood, commanding someone to learn or understand something.
Inflection: 2nd Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Imperative
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΚΑΤΑΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ
G0026
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-GAH-pays
Translations: of love, of charity, of affection
Notes: This word refers to a deep, unconditional love, often used in a spiritual or divine sense. It describes a benevolent and selfless affection, distinct from other forms of love like erotic desire or familial affection. It is used to express the source or possession of love.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΦΙΛΙΑ, ΕΡΩΣ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tone
Translations: (of) all, (of) every, (of) everyone, (of) everything, (of) the whole
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'πᾶς' (pas), meaning 'all', 'every', or 'the whole'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for a plural group, signifying 'of all' or 'belonging to all'. It can refer to people, things, or concepts, encompassing a complete set or totality.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G0008
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: AH-brah-ahm
Translations: Abraham
Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to Abraham, the patriarch of the Israelite nation. He is a significant figure in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, known for his faith and covenant with God. The name is used to refer directly to the person.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The name Abraham is of Hebrew origin, meaning "father of a multitude" or "father of many nations." It was originally Abram, meaning "exalted father," and was changed by God as part of a covenant.
G4413
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: PRO-tos
Translations: first, a first, chief, principal, foremost, the first
Notes: This word means 'first' in terms of order, rank, or importance. It can be used as an adjective to describe a noun, or it can be used substantively (as a noun) to refer to 'the first one' or 'the chief person/thing'. It indicates precedence or priority.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ
Etymology: From a superlative form of the Proto-Indo-European root *pro- (forward, before). It is related to the English word 'prior'.
G1325
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: DOOS
Translations: giving, having given, a giver, one who gives
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to give'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of giving, or has already given. It can function like an adjective, modifying a noun, or like an adverb, describing the manner of an action. For example, it could be used in a phrase like 'the man giving the gift' or 'he spoke, giving a warning'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΧΩΝ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ
G4151
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PNEV-mah-tee
Translations: (to) Spirit, (to) spirit, (to) wind, (to) breath
Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΠΝΕΥΜΑΤΙ (PNEUMATI), the dative singular form of ΠΝΕΥΜΑ (PNEUMA). It refers to spirit, wind, or breath. In a theological context, it often refers to the Holy Spirit. As a dative case, it indicates the indirect object of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done, often translated with 'to' or 'by/in' depending on context.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΝΟΗ, ΑΝΕΜΟΣ
G4146
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: PLOO-see-ohs
Translations: richly, abundantly, bountifully, generously
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning "richly" or "abundantly." It describes an action that is performed in a rich, plentiful, or generous manner. It emphasizes the great quantity or extent of something, often implying a lavish or overflowing supply. For example, one might give richly, pour out abundantly, or be supplied bountifully.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΦΘΟΝΩΣ, ΔΑΨΙΛΩΣ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΩΣ
G4308
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: pro-BLEP-sas
Translations: having foreseen, having looked ahead, having provided for
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to foresee' or 'to look ahead'. It describes an action that has already occurred, indicating that someone has previously seen, considered, or made provision for something. It functions like an adjective or adverb in a sentence, modifying a noun or verb to show that the subject had foresight or made prior arrangements.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Singular, Nominative, Participle
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΟΡΑΩ, ΠΡΟΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ
G2424
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-SOON
Translations: Jesus
Notes: This word is a nomina sacra, a scribal abbreviation for the name 'Jesus' (ΙΗΣΟΥΝ). It is the accusative singular form of the name. It functions as the direct object in a sentence, indicating the recipient of an action.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
G2983
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: lah-BOH
Translations: I may take, I may receive, I may get, I may seize, I may grasp
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to take, receive, or grasp. It can be used in various contexts, such as taking an object, receiving a gift, or grasping an idea. It often implies an active acquisition or acceptance.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Subjunctive, 1st person, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΙΡΕΩ, ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral
Sounds like: GAM-ma
Translations: Gamma, three
Notes: Γ (gamma) is the third letter of the Greek alphabet. In the ancient Greek numeral system, it represents the number three. It is used in various contexts, including as a symbol in mathematics and science, and as a letter in words.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The letter Gamma is derived from the Phoenician letter gimel, which represented a camel or a throwing stick.
G1121
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: grahm-MAH-tohn
Translations: of letters, of writings, of documents, of scriptures, of a writing, of a document, of a letter
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of 'γραμμα' (gramma). It refers to written characters, letters of the alphabet, or more broadly, written documents, scriptures, or literature. It is used to indicate possession or origin, such as 'of letters' or 'belonging to writings'. In the provided context, 'πόλις γραμμάτων' (polis grammaton) means 'city of writings' or 'city of scribes/scholars', implying a place known for its literacy or written records.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΙΩΝ, ΓΡΑΦΩΝ
G1378
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DOG-ma-tah
Translations: decrees, doctrines, ordinances, precepts, rules
Notes: This word refers to established rules, principles, or decrees, often those that are officially laid down or authoritative. It can also refer to religious doctrines or tenets. It is used in a plural sense, indicating multiple such rules or teachings.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΝΤΟΛΑΙ, ΝΟΜΟΙ, ΚΑΝΟΝΕΣ
G3624
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oy-KOO
Translations: of a house, of a home, of a household, of a family, of a temple, of a dwelling
Notes: This word is a noun referring to a house, home, or dwelling place. It can also refer to a household, family, or even a temple. In its genitive form, as seen here, it indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of' or 'belonging to'. It is used to describe the place where people live or a group of people living together.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΗΜΑ, ΟΙΚΗΣΙΣ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: of him, of it, his, its, of himself, of itself, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a pronoun that can function as a personal pronoun, a possessive pronoun, or an intensive/reflexive pronoun. In the genitive case, as seen here, it typically means 'of him' or 'of it' when referring to a third person, or 'his' or 'its' to indicate possession. It can also be used for emphasis, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', especially when preceding the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
G0435
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AHN-dras
Translations: men, husbands, males
Notes: This word is the accusative plural form of the noun 'ΑΝΗΡ' (anēr), which means 'man', 'husband', or 'male'. It is used to refer to multiple men or husbands as the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, one might say 'he saw the men' (εἶδεν τοὺς ἄνδρας).
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΙ, ΒΡΟΤΟΙ
G1181
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: deh-kah-OK-toh
Translations: eighteen
Notes: This word means the number eighteen. It is used to quantify nouns, indicating a count of eighteen units or individuals. For example, it could be used to say 'eighteen men' or 'eighteen years'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From the Greek words δέκα (deka, 'ten') and ὀκτώ (oktō, 'eight'). It literally means 'ten and eight'.
G5146
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Part of Speech: Numeral, Adjective
Sounds like: tree-ah-KO-see-oos
Translations: three hundred
Notes: This word is a numeral meaning 'three hundred'. It is used to quantify nouns, indicating a quantity of 300. For example, it could be used in a phrase like 'three hundred men'.
Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative
G5151
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: TRIHS
Translations: thrice, three times
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'three times' or 'on three occasions'. It is used to indicate that an action or event occurred a total of three times. For example, it might be used to say 'he did it three times' or 'it happened thrice'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From the cardinal number ΤΡΕΙΣ (treis), meaning 'three'.
G1325
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: doh-THEE-sah
Translations: having given, having granted, having put, having placed
Notes: This word is an Aorist Active Participle, feminine, nominative singular, derived from the verb 'δίδωμι' (didomi), meaning 'to give' or 'to grant'. As a participle, it describes an action that occurred prior to the main verb, functioning adjectivally or adverbially. It signifies 'she who has given' or 'having given' (referring to a feminine subject). It can also mean 'having put' or 'having placed' depending on the context.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΟΥΣΑ, ΔΩΣΑ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TOH
Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) them, (for) him, (for) her, (for) it, (for) them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, the same
Notes: This word is a personal pronoun that can also function as an adjective. In its pronominal use, it typically means 'him', 'her', 'it', or 'them', depending on the gender and number. When used intensively, it can mean 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. As an adjective, it means 'the same'. The form ΑΥΤΩ is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΥΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a demonstrative pronominal stem. It is a fundamental pronoun in Greek, used across various dialects and periods.
G1108
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GNO-sis
Translations: knowledge, a knowledge
Notes: This word refers to knowledge, understanding, or insight. It is often used in a general sense to denote intellectual apprehension or awareness, but in a religious context, it can refer to spiritual knowledge or discernment. It is a feminine noun.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΟΦΙΑ, ΕΠΙΓΝΩΣΙΣ
Etymology: From the verb γινώσκω (ginōskō), meaning 'to know' or 'to come to know'. It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵneh₃-, meaning 'to know'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G4413
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PRO-tooss
Translations: first, foremost, chief, first ones, foremost ones, chief ones
Notes: This word refers to something or someone that is first in time, order, rank, or importance. It can describe the initial item in a sequence, the most prominent person in a group, or the primary cause of an event. It is often used to denote preeminence or priority.
Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ, ΠΡΩΤΕΥΣ
G1292
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-A-stee-mah
Translations: interval, space, distance, a space, an interval, a distance
Notes: This word refers to a space or interval, either in terms of physical distance or a period of time. It can also denote a separation or a gap. It is a compound word formed from 'διά' (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and 'ἵστημι' (histēmi), meaning 'to stand'. It is typically used to describe the extent or duration between two points or events.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΟΣ, ΚΑΙΡΟΣ, ΧΡΟΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΔΙΑΣΤΗΜΑ is derived from the Greek preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to set'. It literally means 'that which stands apart' or 'a standing through', evolving to signify a space or interval.
G4160
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb
Sounds like: poy-AY-sas
Translations: having made, having done, making, doing, who made, who did
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has been completed. It often translates as 'having made' or 'having done', indicating an action that occurred prior to or concurrently with the main verb of the sentence. It can also be translated as 'making' or 'doing' in certain contexts, or as a relative clause like 'who made' or 'who did'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΑΣ, ΕΡΓΑΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EKH-eis
Translations: you have, you hold, you possess
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'to have' or 'to hold'. It indicates possession or the state of having something. It can also mean to hold onto something, to keep, or to be in a certain condition. It is used when addressing a single person directly.
Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- ('to hold, to have').
G4716
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: stow-ROS
Translations: cross, a cross, stake, a stake
Notes: This word refers to an upright stake, pole, or a cross, especially as an instrument of execution. In the New Testament, it primarily denotes the cross on which Jesus Christ was crucified, symbolizing his sacrifice and the Christian faith. It can be used literally to refer to the physical object or metaphorically to represent suffering, self-denial, or the Christian life.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΞΥΛΟΝ, ΠΑΣΧΑ
Etymology: The word Σταυρός comes from an ancient Greek root meaning 'to stand' or 'to set up'. It originally referred to an upright pole or stake, and later evolved to mean a cross, particularly as an instrument of crucifixion.
G5144
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Part of Speech: Numeral, Adjective
Sounds like: tree-ah-KOS-toh
Translations: (to) thirtieth
Notes: This word is an ordinal numeral meaning 'thirtieth'. It is used to indicate the position in a sequence, similar to how 'first', 'second', or 'third' are used in English. In this inflected form, it is in the dative case, often used to indicate 'in the thirtieth' (e.g., 'in the thirtieth year').
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ΤΡΙΑΚΟΣΤΟΣ (triakostos) comes from the Greek word τριάκοντα (triakonta), meaning 'thirty'. The suffix -οστος (-ostos) is used to form ordinal numbers.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOO-toh
Translations: (to) this, (for) this, (by) this, (in) this, (with) this
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'that'. In its dative singular form, as 'ΤΟΥΤΩ', it indicates the indirect object of an action, or the means, instrument, or location. It can be translated as 'to this', 'for this', 'by this', 'in this', or 'with this', depending on the context. It points to something specific that is near or recently mentioned.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G3195
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-mel-len
Translations: was about to, was going to, was destined to, was on the point of
Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'ΜΕΛΛΩ' (mello). It indicates an action that was imminent or about to happen in the past. It often conveys a sense of intention, expectation, or destiny regarding a future event from a past perspective. For example, 'he was about to go' or 'it was destined to happen'.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΑΖΩ, ΕΓΓΙΖΩ
Etymology: The verb ΜΕΛΛΩ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to μέλω (melō, 'to be a care'). It signifies being about to do something or being destined for something.
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-khin
Translations: to have, to hold, to possess, to be able, to be
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb "ἔχω" (echō), meaning "to have" or "to hold." It is used to express possession, to indicate a state or condition, or to signify ability or capacity. For example, it can mean "to have a thing," "to be in a certain state," or "to be able to do something."
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΚΡΑΤΕΙΝ, ΚΕΚΤΗΣΘΑΙ, ΕΙΝΑΙ
G5485
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHA-rin
Translations: grace, favor, kindness, thanks, a grace, a favor, a kindness, a thanks
Notes: This word refers to grace, favor, or kindness, often implying a divine or unmerited gift. It can also mean thanks or gratitude. In its accusative form, as seen in ΧΑΡΙΝ, it often functions as the direct object of a verb, such as 'to find favor' or 'to give thanks'. It can also be used in adverbial phrases meaning 'for the sake of' or 'on account of'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΝΟΙΑ, ΔΩΡΟΝ, ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΑ
Etymology: The word ΧΑΡΙΣ (charis) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰer- meaning 'to desire, to like'. It is related to words signifying joy, delight, and goodwill.
G1213
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Part of Speech: Verb, Adjective
Sounds like: DAY-loy
Translations: shows, makes clear, reveals, manifests, declares, makes known, evident, clear, manifest
Notes: This word can function as a verb meaning 'to show, make clear, or reveal,' or as an adjective meaning 'clear, evident, or manifest.' As a verb, it describes the act of making something known or visible. As an adjective, it describes something that is already apparent or easily understood.
Inflection: Verb: Present, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular; Adjective: Nominative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine; or Nominative/Accusative, Plural, Neuter
Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΓΝΩΡΙΖΩ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΣ
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G1416
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DYS-in
Translations: setting, sunset, west, a setting, a sunset, a west
Notes: This word refers to the act of setting, particularly of the sun or other celestial bodies. It can also refer to the direction where the sun sets, which is the west. In a sentence, it would be used to indicate the time of day when the sun goes down or the geographical direction of the west.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΥΣΜΗ
Etymology: From the verb δύω (dyō), meaning 'to enter, to sink, to set'. It refers to the action of something sinking or setting, especially the sun.
G1121
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: grahm-MAH-sin
Translations: (to) letters, (by) letters, (with) letters, (to) writings, (by) writings, (with) writings, (to) documents, (by) documents, (with) documents
Notes: This word refers to letters of the alphabet, written characters, or more broadly, written documents, scriptures, or records. It is used to indicate the means or instrument by which something is done, or the recipient of an action, in the dative case.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Neuter
Synonyms: ΓΡΑΦΑΙΣ, ΒΙΒΛΟΙΣ, ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΑΙΣ
G1762
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Verb
Sounds like: EH-nee
Translations: there is, there are, it is possible, it is lawful, it is present, it is in
Notes: ΕΝΙ is an enclitic adverbial form of the verb εἰμί (eimi), meaning 'to be'. It typically translates to 'there is' or 'there are', indicating existence or presence. It can also convey the meaning 'it is possible' or 'it is lawful'. In some contexts, it functions as an adverb meaning 'in' or 'within', often implying 'it is in' or 'it is present in'. It is a common word in Koine Greek, used to express existence or possibility.
Inflection: Third person singular, present indicative, active, enclitic form of εἰμί (eimi)
Synonyms: ΕΣΤΙΝ, ΥΠΑΡΧΕΙ
G4716
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: stow-RON
Translations: cross, a cross, stake, a stake
Notes: This word refers to an upright stake, pole, or a cross. In the New Testament, it commonly denotes the instrument of crucifixion, particularly the cross on which Jesus Christ was crucified. It can also be used metaphorically to represent the suffering or sacrifice associated with following Christ.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
G1492
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: OY-den
Translations: knows, understands, perceives, has known, has understood
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'oida', meaning 'to know' or 'to understand'. It is a perfect tense verb that is used with a present meaning, indicating a state of knowing that results from a past act of learning. It is used to describe someone who possesses knowledge or understanding about a subject.
Inflection: Third Person Singular, Perfect Active Indicative
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΕΠΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ
G1721
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: em-FY-ton
Translations: implanted, engrafted, inborn, innate, natural
Notes: This word describes something that is naturally present or has been firmly planted or engrafted. It refers to something that is inherent, inborn, or deeply rooted within a person or thing. In a spiritual context, it can refer to a divine principle or teaching that has been implanted in the heart or mind.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΝΔΟΝ, ΦΥΣΙΚΟΣ
Etymology: Derived from the preposition 'ἐν' (en), meaning 'in', and the verb 'φύω' (phyō), meaning 'to produce, grow, or bring forth'. Thus, it literally means 'grown in' or 'implanted'.
G1432
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: doh-reh-AHN
Translations: freely, for nothing, without cause, in vain, gratuitously, undeservedly
Notes: This word means 'freely' or 'gratuitously,' indicating something given or done without cost or obligation. It can also mean 'without cause' or 'in vain,' implying that something is done without a valid reason or achieves no purpose. It is used to describe actions that are unmerited or without charge.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΩΡΟΝ, ΔΩΡΕΑ
Etymology: From the noun δωρεά (dōrea), meaning 'a gift' or 'a present,' which itself comes from δῶρον (dōron), also meaning 'gift.' The suffix -αν makes it an adverb.
G5087
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: THE-meh-nos
Translations: having placed, having laid, having put, having set, having appointed
Notes: This word is the aorist middle participle of the verb τίθημι, meaning 'to place, put, set, or appoint'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal characteristics, indicating an action completed in the past by the subject itself (middle voice). It is often translated as 'having placed' or 'having laid'.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΒΑΛΩΝ, ΕΠΙΘΕΙΣ, ΚΑΤΑΘΕΙΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- 'to put, place'.
G2254
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: HEE-meen
Translations: (to) us, (for) us, us
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the first-person plural pronoun 'we'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, meaning 'to us' or 'for us'. It can also signify possession or benefit/detriment for 'us'. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He gave the book to us' or 'This is good for us'.
Inflection: First Person, Plural, Dative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to the first-person plural pronoun in other Indo-European languages.
G3762
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: OO-DEYS
Translations: no one, nobody, nothing, none, no, not any
Notes: This word is a compound word meaning 'no one' or 'nobody' when used as a pronoun. It can also function as an adjective meaning 'no' or 'not any', modifying a noun. It is used to express a complete absence or negation of something or someone.
Inflection: Inflects for gender, number, and case (e.g., Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative; Singular, Plural; Masculine, Feminine, Neuter).
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ, ΜΗΔΕΙΣ
Etymology: From the negative particle ΟΥ (ou, 'not') and the indefinite pronoun ΔΕΙΣ (deis, 'anyone'), which is a form of ΕΙΣ (heis, 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.
G1103
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: gnee-see-OH-teh-ron
Translations: more genuine, more sincere, more true, a more genuine thing, a more sincere thing, a more true thing
Notes: This word is the comparative form of the adjective 'genuine' or 'sincere'. It indicates a higher degree of genuineness, sincerity, or truthfulness. It is used to describe something that is more authentic, legitimate, or pure than something else. For example, it could describe a more genuine friend or a more sincere statement.
Inflection: Comparative, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΕΣΤΕΡΟΝ, ΕΙΛΙΚΡΙΝΕΣΤΕΡΟΝ
G3129
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-MAH-then
Translations: he learned, she learned, it learned, he taught himself, she taught herself, it taught itself
Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'μανθάνω' (manthano), meaning 'to learn' or 'to be taught'. It describes an action of learning that occurred in the past, completed at a specific point in time. It can refer to a person or thing acquiring knowledge or skill.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ
Etymology: The root verb 'μανθάνω' (manthano) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to think' or 'to learn'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of mental acquisition or instruction.
G0575
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: AP
Translations: from, away from, off, out of, by, with
Notes: This is a common Greek preposition that indicates separation, origin, or cause. It means 'from' or 'away from' and is often used to show the source of something, the point from which an action begins, or the agent by which something is done. When used as a prefix (ΑΠ- or ΑΠΟ-), it intensifies the idea of separation or completion, often meaning 'off, away, back, completely'. For example, in 'ἀποστέλλω' (apostellō), it means 'to send away'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: The word ἀπό (apo) comes from Proto-Indo-European *apo-, meaning 'off, away'. It is a very ancient and common preposition found across many Indo-European languages.
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MOO
Translations: (of) me, my, mine
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the first-person pronoun, meaning 'I'. It indicates possession or origin, similar to 'of me' or 'my' in English. It can be used to show that something belongs to the speaker or comes from the speaker.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, First Person
G0514
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ax-EE-oy
Translations: worthy, deserving, fit, suitable, proper, of worth, of equal weight, worthy ones, deserving ones
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'worthy' or 'deserving'. It describes something or someone as having the appropriate value, merit, or fitness for a particular purpose, action, or status. It can be used to describe people who are worthy of honor or punishment, or things that are suitable for a specific use. It often implies a correspondence between a person's character or actions and what they receive or are expected to do.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΛΟΓΗΤΟΣ, ΕΠΙΤΗΔΕΙΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΞΙΟΣ (axios) is believed to be derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ag- meaning 'to drive, draw, move'. It relates to the idea of 'weighing' or 'balancing', thus leading to the sense of 'equal in weight' or 'worthy'.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-teh
Translations: you are
Notes: This word is a form of the verb "to be" in Koine Greek. It specifically means "you are" when referring to multiple people (plural). It is used to state a fact or condition about the subject, similar to how "are" is used in English.
Inflection: 2nd Person, Plural, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Active Voice
G5210
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: yoo-MACE
Translations: you
Notes: This word is a second-person plural pronoun, meaning 'you' (referring to multiple people). It is used when the 'you' is the subject of the sentence, performing the action of the verb.
Inflection: Nominative, Plural, Second Person
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the Latin 'vos' and English 'you'.
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