Epistle of Barnabas Chapter 18, Interlinear version from Codex Sinaiticus (Beta)

Epistle of Barnabas, Chapter 18

Interlinear version from Codex Sinaiticus (Beta)

18:1
18:2

18:1

ΜΕΤΑΒΩΜΕΝ
- METABŌMEN
- let-us-turn
ΔΕ
- DE
- now
ΕΦ
- EPH
- to
ΕΤΕΡΑΝ
- ETERAN
- another
(ΚΑΙ)
- (KAI)
- and
{CC:
- {CC:
- [editor name]
[DELETED]}
- [DELETED]}
- [DELETED]
ΓΝΩϹΙΝ
- GNŌSIN
- knowledge
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΔΙΔΑΧΗΝ
- DIDACHĒN
- teaching
ΟΔΟΙ
- ODOI
- ways
ΔΥΟ
- DYO
- two
ΕΙϹΙΝ
- EISIN
- are
ΔΙΔΑΧΗϹ
- DIDACHĒS
- of-teaching
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΕΞΟΥϹΙΑϹ
- EXOUSIAS
- of-authority
Η
- Ē
- the
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- of-the
ΦΩΤΟϹ
- PHŌTOS
- light
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
Η
- Ē
- the
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- of-the
ϹΚΟΤΟΥϹ
- SKOTOUS
- darkness
(ΔΙΑΦΘΟΡΑ)
- (DIAPHTHORA)
- (misspelling of) difference
{CORR:
- {CORR:
- [editor name]
ΔΙΑΦΟΡΑ}
- DIAPHORA}
- difference
ΔΕ
- DE
- now
ΠΟΛΛΗ
- POLLĒ
- much
ΤΩΝ
- TŌN
- of-the
ΔΥΟ
- DYO
- two
ΟΔΩ
- ODŌ
- ways
ΕΦ
- EPH
- on
ΗϹ
- ĒS
- which
ΜΕΝ
- MEN
- indeed
ΓΑΡ
- GAR
- for
ΕΙϹΙΝ
- EISIN
- are
ΤΕΤΑΓΜΕΝΟΙ
- TETAGMENOI
- appointed
ΦΩΤΑΓΩΓΟΙ
- PHŌTAGŌGOI
- light-bringers
ΑΓΓΕΛΟΙ
- AGGELOI
- messengers
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- of-the
ΘΥ
- THY
- God
ΕΦ
- EPH
- on
ΟΙϹ
- OIS
- which
ΔΕ
- DE
- now
ΑΓΓΕΛΟΙ
- AGGELOI
- messengers
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- of-the
ϹΑΤΑΝΑ
- SATANA
- Satan

18:2

ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
Ο
- O
- the
ΜΕΝ
- MEN
- indeed
ΕϹΤΙΝ
- ESTIN
- is
ΚϹ
- KS
- Lord
ΑΠΟ
- APO
- from
ΑΙΩΝΩΝ
- AIŌNŌN
- ages
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΕΙϹ
- EIS
- into
ΤΟΥϹ
- TOUS
- the
ΑΙΩΝΑϹ
- AIŌNAS
- ages
Ο
- O
- the
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ΑΡΧΩΝ
- ARCHŌN
- ruler
ΚΑΙΡΟΥ
- KAIROU
- of-time
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- the
ΝΥΝ
- NYN
- now
ΤΗϹ
- TĒS
- of-the
ΑΝΟΜΙΑϹ
- ANOMIAS
- lawlessness

G3327

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-ta-BO-men

Translations: let us go over, let us pass over, let us change, let us depart

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition 'μετά' (meta), meaning 'with' or 'after', and the verb 'βαίνω' (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to walk'. In this form, it means 'let us go over' or 'let us pass over' to another place, topic, or state. It is often used to suggest a transition or a shift in focus.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Aorist, Subjunctive, Active

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΩΜΑΙ, ΠΟΡΕΥΩΜΑΙ, ΑΠΕΡΧΩΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'μεταβαίνω' is a compound of 'μετά' (meta), meaning 'with, among, after', and 'βαίνω' (bainō), meaning 'to go, walk'. The combination signifies a movement from one place or state to another.

G1161

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G1909

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EF

Translations: upon, on, over, to, against, at, by, for, in, among, with, toward, concerning, because of

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), which means 'upon' or 'on'. The final vowel of ΕΠΙ is dropped when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it means 'upon, on, over, during'; with the dative, it means 'on, at, by, for, in addition to'; and with the accusative, it means 'on, to, against, over, toward'. It is a very common and versatile preposition.

Inflection: Does not inflect (elided form of a preposition)

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G1322

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-DA-kheen

Translations: teaching, a teaching, doctrine, instruction

Notes: This word refers to the act of teaching or the content of what is taught, often implying a body of doctrine or instruction. It can be used to describe the teachings of a person or a set of principles that are followed. In a sentence, it would function as a direct object receiving the action of a verb, such as 'they received the teaching' or 'he gave instruction'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΙΑ, ΔΙΔΑΓΜΑ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΔΑΧΗ (didachē) comes from the verb διδάσκω (didaskō), meaning 'to teach'. It refers to the act or result of teaching.

G1322

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: di-DA-khees

Translations: of teaching, of doctrine, of instruction, a teaching, a doctrine, an instruction

Notes: This word refers to teaching, instruction, or doctrine. It is used to describe the act of teaching, the content that is taught, or a body of instruction. In this inflected form, it is in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΙΑ, ΛΟΓΟΣ, ΠΑΙΔΕΙΑ

Etymology: From the Greek verb διδάσκω (didaskō), meaning 'to teach'.

G3588, G3739, G2228

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G3588, G3778

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G1312

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-af-tho-RAH

Translations: corruption, destruction, decay, ruin, perishing, a corruption

Notes: This word refers to the process or state of decay, ruin, or destruction. It can describe physical decomposition, moral corruption, or the perishing of something. It is often used to denote a state of deterioration or a process leading to complete ruin. It is a compound word formed from διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and φθορά (phthora), meaning 'decay' or 'destruction'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΦΘΟΡΑ, ΑΠΩΛΕΙΑ, ΟΛΕΘΡΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb διαφθείρω (diaphtheirō), meaning 'to corrupt, destroy'. It is formed from διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and φθείρω (phtheirō), meaning 'to corrupt, destroy'.

G1290

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-ah-foh-RAH

Translations: difference, a difference, distinction, diversity, value, advantage, a value, an advantage, contribution, a contribution

Notes: This word refers to a difference, distinction, or diversity between things. It can also denote value, advantage, or a contribution. In some contexts, it refers to the amount or sum of something, especially in a financial sense, like a contribution or a sum of money. It is a compound word formed from διά (dia, 'through, apart') and φορέω (phoreo, 'to carry, bear').

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΣΤΟΛΗ, ΔΙΑΚΡΙΣΙΣ, ΚΕΡΔΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb διαφέρω (diaphero), meaning 'to carry through, to differ, to be superior'. It is formed from διά (dia, 'through, apart') and φορέω (phoreo, 'to carry, bear').

G3598

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: oh-DOH

Translations: to a way, to a road, to a journey, to a path, to a course, to a manner, to a way of life, to a custom, to a means, to a method, to a direction, to a journey, to a travel, to a passage, to a street, to a highway, to a route, to a track, to a trail

Notes: This word refers to a way, road, or path, and can also metaphorically mean a journey, course of action, or manner of life. It is used to indicate movement along a physical route or to describe a particular custom or method. In this dative form, it often indicates the recipient or direction of an action, or the means by which something is done.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΡΙΒΟΣ, ΚΕΛΕΥΘΟΣ, ΠΟΡΕΙΑ

G3588, G3739, G3778, G5101

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: HAYS

Translations: (of) the, (of) who, (of) which, (of) this, (of) that, (of) what

Notes: The word "ΗΣ" is a versatile form in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as the genitive singular for masculine and feminine nouns. It can be the genitive singular of the definite article 'the', indicating possession or relationship. It can also be the genitive singular of the relative pronoun 'who/which', connecting clauses, or the demonstrative pronoun 'this/that', pointing to something specific. Additionally, it can be the genitive singular of the interrogative pronoun 'what/who', used in questions.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine

G3303

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G1063

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Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G5021

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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: teh-TAG-meh-noy

Translations: appointed, arranged, ordered, set, stationed, arrayed, assigned

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been appointed' or 'having been arranged'. It describes someone or something that has been put into a specific order, position, or assigned a particular task or role. It is often used to refer to people who are in authority or have been given a specific duty.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΤΑΣΣΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΣΣΩ, ΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ

G2316

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: theh-OO

Translations: of God, of a God

Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a sacred abbreviation for the word ΘΕΟΥ (Theou), meaning 'of God'. It is used to refer to the divine being, God, in the genitive case. In ancient Greek texts, nomina sacra were common contractions for frequently used sacred names and titles, indicating reverence and saving space. This form would typically be used in phrases like 'the house of God' or 'the power of God'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΥ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΟΥ

Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ (Theos) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to do, to place, to set', or possibly 'to shine'. It is a fundamental term in Greek for a deity or god.

G3739

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OYS

Translations: to whom, to which, to what

Notes: This word is a relative pronoun, meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what'. It is used to introduce a relative clause, connecting it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It indicates the indirect object of the verb in the relative clause, showing to whom or to what an action is directed. It can refer to people or things and is used for all genders.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ὉΠΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun and is a common form for relative pronouns across Indo-European languages.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G2962

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOO-ree-os

Translations: Lord, a Lord, Master, a Master, Sir, a Sir

Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a sacred name abbreviation, for ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (Kyrios). It refers to a supreme authority, master, or owner. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their divine authority and sovereignty. It can also be used as a respectful address, similar to 'Sir'.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *keu- meaning 'to swell, to be strong, to be powerful'. It refers to one who has power or authority.

G0575

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AH-po

Translations: from, away from, by, of, out of, because of, by means of

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or cause. It is always followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case. It can mean 'from' in the sense of moving away from a place, 'from' in the sense of origin or source, or 'by' when indicating the agent or cause of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab and English off.

G1519, G1520

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one

Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'

Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G0165

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ahee-OH-nas

Translations: age, an age, eternity, forever, world, a world, course, a course

Notes: This word refers to a period of time, which can be an age, an era, or even eternity. It can also refer to the world or the present order of things. Its meaning often depends on the context, sometimes denoting a long, indefinite period, and at other times a specific, defined epoch. It is a masculine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΡΟΣ, ΧΡΟΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΙΩΝ (aion) comes from an ancient root meaning 'living' or 'vital force', evolving to denote a lifetime, then an age, and eventually eternity. It is related to the concept of continuous existence.

G0758

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: AR-khone

Translations: ruler, a ruler, chief, a chief, prince, a prince, magistrate, a magistrate, leader, a leader

Notes: This word refers to a person in a position of authority or leadership. It can denote a ruler, a chief, a prince, or a magistrate. It is commonly used to describe those who hold power or are at the head of a group or organization.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb ἄρχω (archō), meaning 'to rule, to begin'. It refers to one who is first in rank or power, or one who begins something.

G2540

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kahee-ROO

Translations: of time, of a season, of the right time, of an opportune time, of a period

Notes: This word refers to a specific, opportune, or appointed time, a season, or a period. It emphasizes the quality or nature of a moment rather than its chronological duration. It is often used to denote a critical or decisive moment, or a suitable occasion for something to happen. As a genitive form, it typically indicates possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΟΥ, ΩΡΑΣ

G3588

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

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