Song of Solomon Chapter 1, Interlinear version from Codex Sinaiticus (Beta)

Song of Solomon, Chapter 1

Interlinear version from Codex Sinaiticus (Beta)

1:1
1:2
1:3
1:4
1:5
1:6
1:7
1:8
1:9
1:10
1:11
1:12
1:13
1:14
1:15
1:16
1:17

1:1

ΑϹΜΑ
- ASMA
- song
ΑϹΜΑΤΩΝ
- ASMATŌN
- of-songs
·
- ·
Ο
- O
- which
ΕϹΤΙΝ
- ESTIN
- is
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ϹΑΛΟΜΩΝ
- SALOMŌN
- Solomon
˙
- ˙
- ˙

1:2

Η
- Ē
- the
ΝΥΜΦΗ
- NYMPHĒ
- bride
ΦΙΛΗϹΑΤΩ
- PHILĒSATŌ
- let-him-kiss
ΜΕ
- ME
- me
·
- ·
ΑΠΟ
- APO
- from
ΦΙΛΗΜΑΤΩΝ
- PHILĒMATŌN
- kisses
ϹΤΟΜΑΤΟϹ
- STOMATOS
- of-mouth
ΑΥΤΟΥ
- AUTOU
- of-him
ΟΤΙ
- OTI
- because
ΑΓΑΘΟΙ
- AGATHOI
- good
ΜΑϹΤΟΙ
- MASTOI
- breasts
ϹΟΥ
- SOU
- of-you
·
- ·
ΥΠΕΡ
- YPER
- beyond
ΟΙΝΟΝ
- OINON
- wine
·
- ·

1:3

ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΟϹΜΗ
- OSMĒ
- smell
ΜΥΡΩΝ
- MYRŌN
- of-ointments
ϹΟΥ
- SOU
- of-you
·
- ·
ΥΠΕΡ
- YPER
- beyond
ΠΑΝΤΑ
- PANTA
- all
ΤΑ
- TA
- the
ΑΡΩΜΑΤΑ
- ARŌMATA
- spices
ΜΥΡΟΝ
- MYRON
- ointment
ΕΚΚΑΙΝΩΘΕΝ
- EKKAINŌTHEN
- poured-out
·
- ·
ΟΝΟΜΑ
- ONOMA
- name
ϹΟΥ
- SOU
- of-you
·
- ·
ΔΙΑ
- DIA
- because-of
ΤΟΥΤΟ
- TOUTO
- this
ΝΕΑΝΙΔΕϹ
- NEANIDES
- young-women
ΗΓΑΠΗϹΑΝ
- ĒGAPĒSAN
- loved
ϹΕ
- SE
- you
·
- ·

1:4

ΕΙΛΚΥϹΑΝ
- EILKYSAN
- they-drew
ϹΕ
- SE
- you
ΟΠΙϹΩ
- OPISŌ
- after
ϹΟΥ
- SOU
- of-you
·
- ·
ΕΙϹ
- EIS
- into
ΟϹΜΗΝ
- OSMĒN
- fragrance
ΜΥΡΩΝ
- MYRŌN
- of-perfumes
ϹΟΥ
- SOU
- of-you
ΔΡΑΜΟΥΜΕΝ
- DRAMOUMEN
- we-will-run
˙
- ˙
ΤΑΙϹ
- TAIS
- to-the
ΝΕΑΝΙϹΙΝ
- NEANISIN
- to-young-women
Η
- Ē
- the
ΝΥΜΦΗ
- NYMPHĒ
- bride
ΔΙΗΓΕΙΤΑΙ
- DIĒGEITAI
- she-relates
ΤΑ
- TA
- the-things
ΠΕΡΙ
- PERI
- concerning
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- the
ΝΥΜΦΙΟΥ
- NYMPHIOU
- bridegroom
Α
- A
- which
ΕΧΑΡΙϹΑΤΟ
- ECHARISATO
- he-granted
ΑΥΤΗ
- AUTĒ
- to-her
ΕΙϹΗΝΕΓΚΕΝ
- EISĒNEGKEN
- he-brought-in
ΜΕ
- ME
- me
Ο
- O
- the
ΒΑϹΙΛΕΥϹ
- BASILEUS
- king
·
- ·
ΕΙϹ
- EIS
- into
ΤΟ
- TO
- the
ΤΑΜΕΙΟΝ
- TAMEION
- chamber
ΑΥΤΟΥ
- AUTOU
- of-him
ΤΗϹ
- TĒS
- of-the
ΝΥΜΦΗϹ
- NYMPHĒS
- of-bride
ΔΙΗΓΗϹΑΜΕΝΗϹ
- DIĒGĒSAMENĒS
- having-related
ΤΑΙϹ
- TAIS
- to-the
ΝΕΑΝΙϹΙΝ
- NEANISIN
- to-young-women
·
- ·
ΑΙ
- AI
- the
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
·
- ·
ΕΙΠΑΝ
- EIPAN
- they-said
ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑϹΩΜΕΘΑ
- AGALLIASŌMETHA
- let-us-rejoice
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΕΥΦΡΑΝΘΩΜΕΝ
- EUPHRANTHŌMEN
- let-us-be-glad
ΕΝ
- EN
- in
ϹΟΙ
- SOI
- you
ΑΓΑΠΗϹΟΜΕΝ
- AGAPĒSOMEN
- we-will-love
ΜΑϹΤΟΥϹ
- MASTOUS
- breasts
ϹΟΥ
- SOU
- of-you
·
- ·
ΥΠΕΡ
- YPER
- beyond
ΟΙΝΟΝ
- OINON
- wine
ΑΙ
- AI
- the
ΝΕΑΝΙΔΕϹ
- NEANIDES
- young-women
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ΝΥΜΦΙΩ
- NYMPHIŌ
- to-bridegroom
ΒΟΩϹΙΝ
- BOŌSIN
- they-cry-out
ΤΟ
- TO
- the
ΟΝΟΜΑ
- ONOMA
- name
ΤΗϹ
- TĒS
- of-the
ΝΥΜΦΗϹ
- NYMPHĒS
- of-bride
ΕΥΘΥΤΗϹ
- EUTHYTĒS
- uprightness
ΗΓΑΠΗϹΕΝ
- ĒGAPĒSEN
- he-loved
ϹΕ
- SE
- you
ΕΥΘΥΤΗϹ
- EUTHYTĒS
- uprightness
·
- ·
ΗΓΑΠΗϹΕΝ
- ĒGAPĒSEN
- he-loved
ϹΕ
- SE
- you
·
- ·

1:5

Η
- Ē
- the
ΝΥΜΦΗ
- NYMPHĒ
- bride
ΜΕΛΑΙΝΑ
- MELAINA
- dark
ΕΙΜΙ
- EIMI
- I-am
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΚΑΛΗ
- KALĒ
- beautiful
ΘΥΓΑΤΕΡΕϹ
- THYGATERES
- daughters
ΙΗΛΜʼ
- IĒLMʼ
- Jerusalem
·
- ·
ΩϹ
- ŌS
- as
ϹΚΗΝΩΜΑΤΑ
- SKĒNŌMATA
- tents
ΚΗΔΑΡʼ
- KĒDARʼ
- Kedar
.
- .
ΩϹ
- ŌS
- as
ΔΕΡΡΕΙϹ
- DERHREIS
- curtains
ϹΟΛΟΜΩΝ
- SOLOMŌN
- Solomon
·
- ·

1:6

ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ΒΛΕΨΗΤΕ
- BLEPSĒTE
- look-at
ΜΟΙ
- MOI
- me
·
- ·
ΟΤΙ
- OTI
- because
ΕΓΩ
- EGŌ
- I
ΕΙΜΙ
- EIMI
- am
ΜΕΜΕΛΑΝΩΜΕΝΗ
- MEMELANŌMENĒ
- darkened
·
- ·
ΟΤΙ
- OTI
- because
ΠΑΡΕΒΛΕΨΕΝ
- PAREBLEPSEN
- looked-at
ΜΕ
- ME
- me
Ο
- O
- the
ΗΛΙΟϹ
- ĒLIOS
- sun
·
- ·
ΥΙΟΙ
- UIOI
- sons
ΜΗΤΡΟϹ
- MĒTROS
- of-mother
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- of-me
·
- ·
ΕΜΑΧΕϹΑΝΤΟ
- EMACHESANTO
- fought
ΕΝ
- EN
- against
ΕΜΟΙ
- EMOI
- me
·
- ·
ΕΘΕΝΤΟ
- ETHENTO
- they-made
ΜΕ
- ME
- me
ΦΥΛΑΚΙϹϹΑΝ
- PHYLAKISSAN
- a-keeper
ΕΝ
- EN
- in
ΑΜΠΕΛΩϹΙ
- AMPELŌSI
- vineyards
ΑΜΠΕΛΩΝΑ
- AMPELŌNA
- vineyard
ΕΜΟΝ
- EMON
- my
ΟΥΚ
- OUK
- not
ΕΦΥΛΑΞΑ
- EPHYLAXA
- I-kept

1:7

ΠΡΟϹ
- PROS
- to
ΤΟΝ
- TON
- the
ΝΥΜΦΙΟΝ
- NYMPHION
- bridegroom
ΧΝ
- CHN
- Anointed-One
ΑΠΑΓΓΕΙΛΟΝ
- APAGGEILON
- tell
ΜΟΙ
- MOI
- me
·
- ·
ΟΝ
- ON
- whom
ΗΓΑΠΗϹΕΝ
- ĒGAPĒSEN
- loved
Η
- Ē
- the
ΨΥΧΗ
- PSYCHĒ
- inner-person
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- of-me
ΠΟΥ
- POU
- where
ΠΟΙΜΑΙΝΕΙϹ
- POIMAINEIS
- do-you-shepherd
ΠΟΥ
- POU
- where
ΚΟΙΤΑΖΕΙϹ
- KOITAZEIS
- do-you-lie-down
ΕΝ
- EN
- in
ΜΕϹΗΜΒΡΙΑ
- MESĒMBRIA
- midday
ΜΗΠΟΤΕ
- MĒPOTE
- lest
ΓΕΝΩΜΑΙ
- GENŌMAI
- I-become
·
- ·
ΩϹ
- ŌS
- as
ΠΕΡΙΒΑΛΛΟΜΕΝΗ
- PERIBALLOMENĒ
- one-who-is-covered
ΕΠʼ
- EPʼ
- among
ΑΓΕΛΑΙϹ
- AGELAIS
- flocks
ΕΤΕΡΩΝ
- ETERŌN
- of-others
ϹΟΥ
- SOU
- of-you
·
- ·

1:8

Ο
- O
- the
ΝΥΜΦΙΟϹ
- NYMPHIOS
- bridegroom
ΠΡΟϹ
- PROS
- to
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ΝΥΜΦΗΝ
- NYMPHĒN
- bride
ΕΑΝ
- EAN
- if
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ΓΝΩϹ
- GNŌS
- you-know
ϹΕΑΥΤΗΝ
- SEAUTĒN
- yourself
Η
- Ē
- O
ΚΑΛΗ
- KALĒ
- beautiful-one
ΕΝ
- EN
- among
ΓΥΝΑΙΞΙΝ
- GYNAIXIN
- women
ΕΞΕΛΘΕ
- EXELTHE
- go-out
ϹΥ
- SY
- you
.
- .
ΕΝ
- EN
- in
ΠΤΕΡΝΑΙϹ
- PTERNAIS
- footsteps
ΤΩΝ
- TŌN
- of-the
ΠΟΙΜΝΙΩ
- POIMNIŌ
- flocks
˙
- ˙
- .
()
- ()
{D:
- {D:
- [editor name]
Κ(ΑΙ)}
- K(AI)}
- and
ΠΟΙΜΑΙΝΕ
- POIMAINE
- tend
ΤΑϹ
- TAS
- the
ΕΡΙΦΟΥϹ
- ERIPHOUS
- young-goats
ϹΟΥ
- SOU
- of-you
·
- ·
ΕΠΙ
- EPI
- beside
ϹΚΗΝΩΜΑϹΙΝ
- SKĒNŌMASIN
- dwellings
ΤΩΝ
- TŌN
- of-the
ΠΟΙΜΕΝΩΝ
- POIMENŌN
- shepherds

1:9

ΤΗ
- TĒ
- to-the
ΙΠΠΩ
- IPPŌ
- mare
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- my
ΕΝ
- EN
- in
ΑΡΜΑϹΙΝ
- ARMASIN
- chariots
ΦΑΡΑΩ
- PHARAŌ
- of-Pharaoh
ΩΜΟΙΩϹΑ
- ŌMOIŌSA
- I-compared
ϹΕ
- SE
- you
Η
- Ē
- O
ΠΛΗϹΙΟΝ
- PLĒSION
- companion
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- my

1:10

ΑΙ
- AI
- the
ΝΕΑΝΙΔΕϹ
- NEANIDES
- young-women
ΠΡΟϹ
- PROS
- to
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ΝΥΜΦΗΝ
- NYMPHĒN
- bride
ΤΙ
- TI
- what
ΩΡΑΙΩΘΗϹΑΝ
- ŌRAIŌTHĒSAN
- were-made-beautiful
ϹΙΑΓΟΝΕϹ
- SIAGONES
- cheeks
ϹΟΥ
- SOU
- of-you
·
- ·
ΩϹ
- ŌS
- as
ΤΡΥΓΟΝΕϹ
- TRYGONES
- turtledoves
ΤΡΑΧΗΛΟϹ
- TRACHĒLOS
- neck
ϹΟΥ
- SOU
- of-you
ΩϹ
- ŌS
- as
ΟΡΜΙϹΚΟΙ
- ORMISKOI
- necklaces

1:11

(ΟΜΟΙΩΜΑ)
- (OMOIŌMA)
- likeness
{S1:
- {S1:
- [editor name]
ΟΜΟΙΩΜΑΤΑ}
- OMOIŌMATA}
- likenesses
ΧΡΥϹΙΟΥ
- CHRYSIOU
- of-gold
·
- ·
ΠΟΙΗϹΟΜΕΝ
- POIĒSOMEN
- we-will-make
ϹΟΙ
- SOI
- for-you
ΜΕΤΑ
- META
- with
ϹΤΙΓΜΑΤΩΝ
- STIGMATŌN
- marks
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- of-the
ΑΡΓΥΡΙΟΥ
- ARGYRIOU
- of-silver

1:12

ΕΩϹ
- EŌS
- until
ΟΥ
- OU
- which
Ο
- O
- the
ΒΑϹΙΛΕΥϹ
- BASILEUS
- king
ΕΝ
- EN
- in
ΑΝΑΚΛΙϹΙ
- ANAKLISI
- reclining
ΑΥΤΟΥ
- AUTOU
- his
Η
- Ē
- the
ΝΥΜΦΗ
- NYMPHĒ
- bride
ΠΡΟϹ
- PROS
- to
ΕΑΥΤΗΝ
- EAUTĒN
- herself
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΠΡΟϹ
- PROS
- to
ΤΟΝ
- TON
- the
ΝΥΜΦΙΟΝ
- NYMPHION
- bridegroom
ΝΑΡΔΟϹ
- NARDOS
- nard
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- my
.
- .
ΕΔΩΚΕΝ
- EDŌKEN
- gave
ΟϹΜΗΝ
- OSMĒN
- fragrance
ΑΥΤΟΥ
- AUTOU
- its

1:13

ΑΠΟΔΕϹΜΟϹ
- APODESMOS
- pouch
ΤΗϹ
- TĒS
- of-the
ϹΤΑΚΤΗϹ
- STAKTĒS
- myrrh
ΑΔΕΛΦΙΔΟϹ
- ADELPHIDOS
- of-sister
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- my
ΕΜΟΙ
- EMOI
- to-me
ΑΝΑ
- ANA
- between
ΜΕϹΟΝ
- MESON
- middle
ΤΩΝ
- TŌN
- of-the
ΜΑϹΤΩΝ
- MASTŌN
- breasts
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- my
ΑΥΛΙϹΘΗϹΕΤΑΙ
- AULISTHĒSETAI
- it-will-lodge

1:14

ΒΟΤΡΥϹ
- BOTRYS
- cluster
ΤΗϹ
- TĒS
- of-the
ΚΥΠΡΟΥ
- KYPROU
- henna-plant
·
- ·
ΑΔΕΛΦΙΔΟϹ
- ADELPHIDOS
- my-beloved
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- of-me
ΕΜΟΙ
- EMOI
- to-me
ΕΝ
- EN
- in
ΑΜΠΕΛΩϹΙΝ
- AMPELŌSIN
- vineyards
·
- ·
ΕΝΓΑΔΔΕΙ
- ENGADDEI
- En-Gedi

1:15

Ο
- O
- the
ΝΥΜΦΙΟϹ
- NYMPHIOS
- bridegroom
ΠΡΟϹ
- PROS
- to
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ΝΥΜΦΗΝ
- NYMPHĒN
- bride
ΙΔΟΥ
- IDOU
- behold
ΕΙ
- EI
- you-are
ΚΑΛΗ
- KALĒ
- beautiful
·
- ·
Η
- Ē
- my
ΠΛΗϹΙΟΝ
- PLĒSION
- companion
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- of-me
·
- ·
ΙΔΟΥ
- IDOU
- behold
ΕΙ
- EI
- you-are
ΚΑΛΗ
- KALĒ
- beautiful
·
- ·
ΟΦΘΑΛΜΟΙ
- OPHTHALMOI
- eyes
ϹΟΥ
- SOU
- of-you
·
- ·
ΠΕΡΙϹΤΕΡΑΙ
- PERISTERAI
- doves

1:16

Η
- Ē
- the
ΝΥΜΦΗ
- NYMPHĒ
- bride
·
- ·
ΠΡΟϹ
- PROS
- to
ΤΟΝ
- TON
- the
ΝΥΜΦΙΟ
- NYMPHIO
- bridegroom
ΙΔΟΥ
- IDOU
- behold
.
- .
ΕΙ
- EI
- how
ΚΑΛΟϹ
- KALOS
- beautiful
·
- ·
Ο
- O
- the
ΑΔΕΛΦΙΔΟϹ
- ADELPHIDOS
- brother
ΜΟΥ
- MOU
- of-me
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΓΕ
- GE
- indeed
ΩΡΑΙΟϹ
- ŌRAIOS
- lovely
.
- .
ΠΡΟϹ
- PROS
- to
ΚΛΕΙΝΗ
- KLEINĒ
- couch
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- of-us
ϹΥϹΚΙΟϹ
- SYSKIOS
- shady

1:17

ΔΟΚΟΙ
- DOKOI
- beams
()
- ()
{D:
- {D:
- (?)
ΟΙΚΩΝ}
- OIKŌN}
- of-houses
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- of-us
.
- .
ΚΕΔΡΟΙ
- KEDROI
- cedars
(ΠΑΤΜΩΜΑΤΑ)
- (PATMŌMATA)
- (misspelling of) paneling
{CA:
- {CA:
- (?)
ΦΑΤΝΩΜΑΤΑ}
- PHATNŌMATA}
- paneling
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- of-us
.
- .
ΚΥΠΑΡΙϹϹΟΙ
- KYPARISSOI
- cypresses

G3588

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G3565

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: NOOM-fay

Translations: bride, a bride, young woman, a young woman, daughter-in-law, a daughter-in-law, nymph, a nymph

Notes: This word refers to a young woman, especially one who is newly married or about to be married, hence 'bride'. It can also refer to a daughter-in-law or, in a broader sense, any young woman. In ancient Greek mythology, it could also refer to a divine female spirit associated with nature, a 'nymph'. Its usage depends on the context.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΘΕΝΟΣ, ΓΥΝΗ

Etymology: The word ΝΥΜΦΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a young woman or bride. It is related to Latin 'nūbere' (to marry) and 'nupta' (bride).

G0575

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AH-po

Translations: from, away from, by, of, out of, because of, by means of

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or cause. It is always followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case. It can mean 'from' in the sense of moving away from a place, 'from' in the sense of origin or source, or 'by' when indicating the agent or cause of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab and English off.

G4750

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: STOH-mah-tos

Translations: mouth, a mouth, (of) mouth, (of) a mouth

Notes: This word refers to the mouth, either literally as a part of the body (of humans or animals) or metaphorically as the source of speech, utterance, or command. It is often used in contexts related to speaking, declaring, or consuming.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΧΕΙΛΟΣ, ΦΩΝΗ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΟΜΑ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *stom-n-, meaning 'mouth'. It is related to words for mouth in other Indo-European languages.

G3754

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G5228

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-PER

Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than

Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G3744

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: os-MEE

Translations: odor, a smell, a fragrance, a savor, a stench

Notes: This word refers to a smell or odor, which can be either pleasant (fragrance, savor) or unpleasant (stench). It is often used metaphorically in the New Testament to describe something that is pleasing or displeasing to God, like a sacrifice or a person's conduct.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΩΔΙΑ, ΟΔΜΗ

Etymology: The word 'ΟΣΜΗ' (osmē) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃ed- ('to smell'). It is related to the verb 'ὄζω' (ozō), meaning 'to smell' or 'to emit an odor'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G0758

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-ROH-mah-tah

Translations: spices, perfumes, aromatic substances

Notes: This word refers to fragrant substances, such as spices, perfumes, or other aromatic materials. It is often used in the context of preparing bodies for burial or for anointing, as well as for general use as a pleasant scent.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΥΡΑ, ΘΥΜΙΑΜΑΤΑ

Etymology: The word is derived from the Greek verb ἀρόω (aroō), meaning 'to plow' or 'to cultivate', suggesting something that is cultivated for its scent. It is related to the idea of something that is 'raised' or 'grown' for its fragrance.

G3464

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MOO-ron

Translations: ointment, an ointment, perfume, a perfume, myrrh

Notes: This word refers to a fragrant oil, ointment, or perfume, often made from myrrh or other aromatic substances. It was commonly used for anointing, for medicinal purposes, for burial preparations, or simply as a pleasant fragrance.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΛΑΙΟΝ, ΑΡΩΜΑ

Etymology: The word "μύρον" is of Semitic origin, likely related to the Hebrew word "mor" (מֹר), meaning myrrh. It entered Greek through trade and cultural exchange.

G1635

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Part of Speech: Verb, Adverb

Sounds like: ek-kai-NO-then

Translations: renewed, made new, having been renewed, to be renewed, to be made new, newly

Notes: This word is derived from the verb 'ekkainoo', meaning 'to renew' or 'to make new'. In this form, 'ekkainothen' functions as an aorist passive participle, indicating an action that has been completed and resulted in a renewed state. It can also function adverbially, meaning 'newly' or 'anew', emphasizing the fresh or recent nature of something. It describes something that has undergone a process of being made fresh or restored.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Singular, or Adverbial

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΚΑΙΝΙΖΩ, ΑΝΑΚΑΙΝΟΩ

Etymology: The verb ΕΚΚΑΙΝΩ (ekkainoo) is a compound word formed from the preposition ΕΚ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and ΚΑΙΝΟΣ (kainos), meaning 'new' or 'fresh'. Thus, it literally means 'to make new out of' or 'to renew completely'.

G3686

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: O-no-MA

Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority, title

Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or authority, as a name often represents the essence of a person or entity. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ, ΔΟΞΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'name'. It is cognate with Latin 'nomen' and English 'name'.

G1223

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G3778

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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G1519, G1520

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one

Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'

Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).

G1334

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ay-GAY-tah-ee

Translations: he narrates, she narrates, it narrates, he recounts, she recounts, it recounts, he relates, she relates, it relates, he describes, she describes, it describes

Notes: This word means to narrate, recount, relate, or describe something in detail. It is used to convey a story, an event, or information to others. For example, one might use it to say 'he narrates a story' or 'she describes the events'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΑΠΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΕΚΔΙΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ is a compound word formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'thoroughly', and the verb ἡγέομαι (hēgeomai), meaning 'to lead' or 'to consider'. Thus, it originally conveyed the idea of leading through a narrative or recounting something thoroughly.

G4012

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G3588, G3778

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Prefix

Sounds like: AL-fah (as the letter name), ah (as the sound)

Translations: Alpha, A, one, un-, a-

Notes: This is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, equivalent to the English 'A'. It can also function as the numeral '1'. Furthermore, it is commonly used as a prefix (known as the 'alpha privative') when placed before a word, indicating negation, absence, or the opposite of the word's meaning, similar to the English prefixes 'un-' or 'a-'. For example, 'atheist' (without God) comes from 'a-' (without) and 'theos' (God).

Inflection: Does not inflect as a letter or numeral. As a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the word it precedes.

Etymology: The letter 'Alpha' is derived from the Phoenician letter 'aleph', which meant 'ox'. It was adopted by the Greeks and became the first letter of their alphabet.

G5483

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ekh-ah-REE-sah-toh

Translations: he granted, he freely gave, he forgave, he showed favor, he bestowed, he pardoned

Notes: This word is the aorist middle/passive indicative, third person singular form of the verb 'χαρίζομαι' (charizomai). It means 'he/she/it granted', 'freely gave', 'forgave', or 'showed favor'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, completed at a specific point, and often implies a gracious or benevolent act. In the middle voice, it emphasizes the subject's involvement in the action, while in the passive voice, it indicates the subject received the action.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle or Passive, Indicative, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΔΩΡΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'χαρίζομαι' (charizomai) is derived from 'χάρις' (charis), meaning 'grace' or 'favor'. It signifies an action done out of grace or kindness.

G1533

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eis-AY-nen-ken

Translations: brought in, led into, carried in, introduced

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'EIS' (into, to) and the verb 'PHERO' (to bear, carry, bring). It means to bring or carry something into a place, or to lead someone into a situation. It is often used in the context of bringing offerings into a temple, or leading people into temptation or judgment.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: PHERO, AGÓ

Etymology: From the preposition EIS (into, to) and the verb PHERO (to bear, carry, bring).

G0935

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-see-LEHFS

Translations: king, a king, ruler, sovereign

Notes: This word refers to a king or a ruler, someone who holds supreme authority over a territory or people. It is commonly used to denote a monarch or sovereign. In a sentence, it would function as a noun, often as the subject or object, indicating the person in power.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to a word meaning 'base' or 'foundation', suggesting one who stands at the foundation of power or authority. It has been used since ancient Greek times to refer to a monarch.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G5009

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TA-mee-on

Translations: storehouse, a storehouse, treasury, a treasury, inner room, a inner room, chamber, a chamber, secret chamber, a secret chamber

Notes: This word refers to a storage place, such as a storehouse or treasury, where valuables or provisions are kept. It can also denote a private or inner room, a secluded chamber within a house, often used for privacy or for storing things. It is used in contexts where one might go to be alone or to access stored items.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΘΗΣΑΥΡΟΣ, ΟΙΚΟΣ, ΚΟΙΤΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΤΑΜΕΙΟΝ (tameion) is derived from the verb ΤΑΜΙΕΥΩ (tamieúō), meaning 'to manage a household, to dispense, to store'. It refers to a place where things are managed or stored.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G1334

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: dee-ay-gay-sa-MEH-nays

Translations: having recounted, having related, having narrated, having described

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'διηγέομαι' (diēgeomai), meaning 'to recount' or 'to narrate'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal qualities, often indicating an action that has already occurred. It describes someone who has completed the act of telling a story, relating an event, or describing something in detail.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Feminine, Genitive, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΑΓΓΕΙΛΑΜΕΝΗΣ, ΕΞΗΓΗΣΑΜΕΝΗΣ

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral

Sounds like: AI

Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11

Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)

Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.

G1161

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G3004

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EYE-pahn

Translations: they said, they spoke

Notes: This word is a third-person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes an action of speaking or saying that occurred in the past and is viewed as a completed event. It is used to report what a group of people said.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ

Etymology: The verb 'λέγω' (legō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to collect, gather', which evolved to mean 'to pick out, count, tell, say' in Greek.

G1722

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EN

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.

G4771

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: SOY

Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you

Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.

G0025

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-gah-pay-SOH-men

Translations: we will love, we shall love

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to love' or 'to have affection for'. It is used to express a future action of loving. In Koine Greek, 'agapao' refers to a selfless, unconditional, and sacrificial love, distinct from other forms of love like 'phileo' (brotherly love or affection) or 'eros' (romantic or passionate love). This particular form indicates that 'we' will perform the action of loving.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Future Indicative, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΦΙΛΕΩ, ΕΡΑΩ

G2118

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: yoo-THOO-tays

Translations: uprightness, straightness, rectitude, a straightness

Notes: This noun refers to the quality of being straight, upright, or righteous. It describes moral integrity and rectitude, indicating a life lived in accordance with what is right and just. It can be used to describe a path that is physically straight or, more commonly, a character that is morally unswerving.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣΥΝΗ, ΟΡΘΟΤΗΣ

Etymology: From the adjective ΕΥΘΥΣ (euthys), meaning 'straight' or 'right'. It denotes the quality or state of being straight or right.

G0025

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-gah-PEH-sen

Translations: he loved, she loved, it loved

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'agapao', meaning 'to love'. It describes a completed action of loving in the past, often referring to a deep, unconditional, or benevolent love. It is used to indicate that a singular subject (he, she, or it) performed the act of loving.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΦΙΛΕΩ, ΕΡΑΣΘΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'agapao' is of uncertain origin, but it is a common verb in ancient Greek, particularly prominent in the Septuagint and New Testament to describe divine and human love.

G1510

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EYE-mee

Translations: to be, I am, you are, he is, she is, it is, we are, they are, to exist, to happen, to occur, to come to pass

Notes: This is the Greek verb 'to be', one of the most fundamental verbs in the language. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being. It can function as a linking verb, connecting the subject to a predicate noun or adjective, or it can indicate simple existence or occurrence. Its meaning often depends on the context and the case of the noun or pronoun it accompanies.

Inflection: Infinitive or First Person Singular Present Active Indicative. It is a highly irregular verb with many forms for person, number, tense, mood, and voice.

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'eimi' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is a very ancient and fundamental verb found across many Indo-European languages.

G2414

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: hee-eh-roo-sah-LEM

Translations: Jerusalem

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for Ἱερουσαλήμ (Hierousalem), which is the Greek name for Jerusalem, the capital city of ancient Judea and a significant religious center. It is a proper noun referring to the city itself. The apostrophe-like mark at the end (ʼ) is a keraia, which can sometimes indicate a number, but in this context, it is most likely a scribal mark or a variant of the abbreviation for the city name. It is used to refer to the city in various contexts, such as its inhabitants, its structures, or people coming from it.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Genitive or Dative (indeclinable)

Etymology: The name Ἱερουσαλήμ (Hierousalem) is of Hebrew origin, derived from יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yerushalayim). It is a compound word, likely meaning 'foundation of Shalem' or 'city of peace'.

G5613

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G2749

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: kay-DAR

Translations: Kedar

Notes: Kedar refers to a nomadic Arab tribe mentioned in the Old Testament, descended from Ishmael. They were known for their wealth in livestock and their skill in archery. The name is often used to refer to the desert regions where they lived.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Genitive or Dative (due to the lack of diacritics, it could represent various cases of the proper noun Κηδάρ)

Etymology: The name Kedar is of Hebrew origin, from the root Qadar, meaning 'to be dark' or 'dark-skinned', referring to the nomadic tribes of the Arabian desert.

G3361

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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G3186

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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: meh-meh-lah-NOH-meh-nee

Translations: blackened, made black, darkened, sunburnt, a blackened one, a sunburnt one

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been blackened' or 'having been made black'. It describes something or someone that has undergone the process of becoming black or dark. It can be used to describe a person who is sunburnt or dark-skinned due to exposure to the sun, or an object that has been stained or discolored to black. It functions like an adjective in a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Perfect, Passive, Feminine, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΜΕΛΑΙΝΑ, ΣΚΟΤΕΙΝΗ

G3164

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-ma-KHEH-san-toh

Translations: they fought, they contended, they struggled

Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist indicative form of the verb 'machomai', meaning 'to fight' or 'to contend'. It describes an action of fighting or struggling that occurred in the past and was completed. It is often used in contexts of physical combat or intense dispute.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Middle/Passive (deponent verb)

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΜΕΩ, ΑΓΩΝΙΖΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΜΑΧΟΜΑΙ (machomai) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to a root meaning 'to strive' or 'to contend'.

G5087

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EH-then-toh

Translations: they placed, they put, they laid, they set, they committed, they made, they attacked

Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist indicative middle or passive form of the verb τίθημι (tithēmi). It describes an action that was completed in the past by a group of people. Depending on the context, it can mean 'they placed' or 'they put' something, 'they laid' something down, or 'they set' something up. In a middle voice sense, it can imply 'they committed' (e.g., sins) or 'they made' (e.g., an agreement). In a passive sense, it could mean 'they were placed' or 'they were laid'. With a preposition, it can also mean 'they attacked' or 'they laid upon'.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive

Synonyms: ΒΑΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΤΑΣΣΩ

G3756

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express negation. It typically precedes a word beginning with a vowel or is used at the end of a clause. It is used to deny a fact or to express a strong prohibition. It is often used with verbs to negate their action, meaning 'not' or 'no'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΧΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a primary negative particle in Ancient Greek, related to similar negative particles in other Indo-European languages.

G5442

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-fy-LAX-ah

Translations: I guarded, I kept, I observed, I protected, I watched over

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to guard, keep, observe, or protect. It describes an action of preserving or maintaining something, or of watching over someone or something to ensure their safety or adherence to a rule. The form 'ΕΦΥΛΑΞΑ' specifically indicates a completed action in the past, performed by the speaker.

Inflection: First person singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΤΗΡΕΩ, ΦΡΟΥΡΕΩ, ΠΑΡΑΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to 'φύλαξ' (phylax), meaning 'a guard' or 'watcher'.

G4314

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G0001

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-pang-GEL-lon

Translations: report, announce, tell, declare, bring word, relate

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to report, announce, or tell something. It is often used in the context of bringing news or a message to someone, or declaring a fact. It implies a formal or official communication.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΑΝΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΔΙΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπό (apó, “from, away from”) + ἀγγέλλω (angéllō, “to announce, report”). The prefix ἀπό intensifies the meaning of announcing or reporting, often implying a message brought back from somewhere.

G5590

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: Ps-oo-KHEE

Translations: soul, life, mind, heart, a soul, a life

Notes: This word refers to the soul, the animating principle of a human or animal, often considered the seat of emotions, desires, and affections. It can also denote life itself, the individual person, or the mind/inner self. It is used in various contexts to refer to the breath of life, the spiritual part of a human being, or simply one's existence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΝΕΥΜΑ, ΖΩΗ, ΚΑΡΔΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb ψύχω (psychō), meaning 'to breathe' or 'to blow', referring to the breath as the principle of life. It is related to the concept of breath as the essence of life.

G4165

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: POY-mah-nays

Translations: you shepherd, you tend, you rule, you guide

Notes: This word describes the action of a shepherd, meaning to feed, tend, or guard a flock of sheep. Metaphorically, it is used to describe the act of ruling, guiding, or caring for people, often in a leadership capacity, such as a king or a spiritual leader. It implies providing sustenance, protection, and direction.

Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active

Synonyms: ΒΟΣΚΩ, ΝΕΜΩ

Etymology: From the noun ποιμήν (poimēn), meaning 'shepherd'.

G3313

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: meh-seem-BREE-ah

Translations: midday, a midday, noon, a noon, south, the south

Notes: This word is a compound noun meaning 'midday' or 'noon'. It literally refers to the middle of the day. Because the sun is at its highest point at midday, and in the Northern Hemisphere this is generally to the south, the word can also refer to the 'south' or 'southern region'. It is formed from the words ΜΕΣΟΣ (MESOS), meaning 'middle', and ΗΜΕΡΑ (HEMERA), meaning 'day'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΕΣΟΝΥΚΤΙΟΝ, ΝΟΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΕΣΗΜΒΡΙΑ is a compound of two Greek words: ΜΕΣΟΣ (MESOS), meaning 'middle', and ΗΜΕΡΑ (HEMERA), meaning 'day'. It literally translates to 'middle of the day'.

G3379

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: MAY-po-teh

Translations: lest, perhaps, never, at any time, by no means

Notes: ΜΗΠΟΤΕ is a compound adverb formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (mē) and the indefinite adverb ΠΟΤΕ (pote). It is used to express a negative possibility, a fear that something might happen, or a rhetorical question implying a negative answer. Depending on the context, it can be translated as 'lest,' 'perhaps,' 'never,' or 'at any time.' It often introduces a clause expressing a feared outcome or a possibility that is being denied.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΗΠΩΣ, ΜΗ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the negative particle ΜΗ (mē), meaning 'not,' and the indefinite adverb ΠΟΤΕ (pote), meaning 'at some time' or 'ever.'

G4016

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: peh-ree-bal-LOH-meh-nee

Translations: clothed, dressed, surrounded, encompassed

Notes: This word is a present middle or passive participle, meaning 'being clothed,' 'being dressed,' 'being surrounded,' or 'being encompassed.' It describes someone or something that is in the process of being covered or encircled. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can also be used substantively (as a noun) to refer to 'the one who is clothed' or 'the one who is surrounded.'

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Participle, Feminine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΥΩ, ΚΥΚΛΟΩ

Etymology: The word ΠΕΡΙΒΑΛΛΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΠΕΡΙ (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about,' and the verb ΒΑΛΛΩ (ballo), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast.' Thus, it literally means 'to throw around' or 'to cast around,' leading to the sense of surrounding, clothing, or encompassing.

G1909

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, at, to, against, for, in, by, with, concerning, during, after

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), indicated by the coronis (ʼ). It is used to express a wide range of relationships, including location (on, upon, over, at), direction (to, against), time (during, after), cause (for, concerning), or accompaniment (with, by). Its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs (genitive, dative, or accusative). In the provided example, it is used to indicate succession or accumulation, such as 'tribulation upon tribulation' or 'hope upon hope'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition), but governs different cases (Genitive, Dative, Accusative)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟϹ, ΠΑΡΑ, ΥΠΕΡ

G0034

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-geh-LAIS

Translations: to herds, to flocks, to droves, to companies

Notes: This word refers to a group of animals, such as a herd of cattle or a flock of sheep, or metaphorically, a company or multitude of people. It is used here in the dative plural case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΜΝΙΑ, ΒΟΥΚΟΛΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΑΓΕΛΗ (AGELĒ) is derived from the verb ἄγω (agō), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'. It refers to a group that is led or brought together.

G2087

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: EH-teh-ROHN

Translations: of others, of other things, of different ones

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'heteros', meaning 'other' or 'another'. It often implies a difference in kind or quality, distinguishing it from 'allos' which means 'another of the same kind'. It is used to refer to things or people that are distinct or different from those previously mentioned or understood.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΩΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the Latin word 'alter' (other, another).

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G1437

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-AHN

Translations: if, when, whenever, although

Notes: This word is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It often implies a condition that is possible or expected to occur, or a general truth. It can also be used to mean 'when' or 'whenever' in a general sense, or even 'although' in some contexts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ

Etymology: From the conjunction εἰ (ei, 'if') and the particle ἄν (an), which indicates potentiality or contingency. It combines these elements to form a conditional conjunction.

G1108

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Part of Speech: Noun, Verb

Sounds like: GNOHS

Translations: knowledge, a knowledge, understanding, a knowing, to know, to understand

Notes: This word functions as a root or stem from which various forms of the verb 'to know' and the noun 'knowledge' are derived. It refers to the act of knowing, understanding, or perceiving something, and also to the state of having knowledge or understanding. It is often used in contexts of intellectual or spiritual comprehension.

Inflection: This is a root/stem form and does not inflect on its own. It forms the basis for various inflected verbs and nouns.

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΓΝΩΣΙΣ, ΣΥΝΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (to know). It is related to the English word 'know' and Latin 'gnoscere'.

G4572

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Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: seh-ow-TEEN

Translations: yourself

Notes: This is a reflexive pronoun, meaning 'yourself'. It is a compound word formed from the second person pronoun 'σύ' (you) and the intensive pronoun 'αὐτός' (self). It is used when the action of the verb is directed back to the subject of the sentence. For example, 'You see yourself'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΕΑΥΤΟΝ, ΣΕΑΥΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word 'σεαυτοῦ' is a compound of the second person pronoun 'σύ' (you) and the intensive pronoun 'αὐτός' (self).

G4167

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POYM-nee-oh

Translations: (to) a flock, (to) a herd, (to) a fold, (to) a sheepfold

Notes: This word refers to a flock of sheep, a herd of cattle, or a group of animals under the care of a shepherd or owner. It can also refer to the place where such animals are kept, like a fold or sheepfold. In a figurative sense, it can refer to a group of people, especially a congregation or community under the care of a leader, such as a pastor or bishop. This word is a compound word, derived from the root word for 'shepherd' (ποιμήν, poimēn).

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΓΕΛΗ, ΠΡΟΒΑΤΟΝ

G4165

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: poy-MAI-neh

Translations: shepherd, tend, feed, rule, govern

Notes: This word means to act as a shepherd, which includes feeding, tending, and protecting a flock. Figuratively, it is used to describe the act of ruling, governing, or caring for people, often in a leadership capacity. It implies providing guidance and sustenance.

Inflection: Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΒΟΣΚΩ, ΝΕΜΩ, ΚΥΒΕΡΝΩ

Etymology: The word ποιμαίνω (poimainō) derives from the noun ποιμήν (poimēn), meaning 'shepherd'. It is related to the concept of tending or pasturing animals.

G1909

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: EP-ee

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, by, for, concerning, during, after, of, a

Notes: This word is a very common preposition and adverb in Koine Greek. As a preposition, its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on,' 'upon,' 'over,' 'in the time of,' or 'concerning.' With the dative case, it can mean 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' 'for,' or 'in addition to.' With the accusative case, it typically means 'to,' 'against,' 'upon,' 'over,' or 'for the purpose of.' It is also frequently used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'upon,' 'over,' 'to,' or 'in addition.'

Inflection: Governs Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases. Does not inflect itself.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡ, ΚΑΤΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G4638

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: skay-NOH-mah-sin

Translations: to tents, to tabernacles, to dwellings, tents, tabernacles, dwellings

Notes: This word refers to a tent, a tabernacle, or a dwelling place, often implying a temporary or portable structure. It can be used to describe physical shelters or, metaphorically, a temporary abode or body. In a sentence, it would indicate the location or recipient of an action, such as 'they went to the tents' or 'he lived in dwellings'.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Neuter

Synonyms: ΣΚΗΝΗ, ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΜΑ

Etymology: The word ΣΚΗΝΩΜΑ (skēnōma) is derived from the verb σκηνόω (skēnoō), meaning 'to pitch a tent, to dwell', which itself comes from σκηνή (skēnē), meaning 'tent, booth'. It refers to a dwelling or tabernacle, emphasizing its temporary nature.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G5328

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: fah-rah-OH

Translations: Pharaoh

Notes: This word refers to the title of the ancient Egyptian kings. It is used to denote the ruler of Egypt, particularly in the context of the Old Testament and New Testament narratives, such as the Exodus story. It is indeclinable, meaning its form does not change regardless of its grammatical function in a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Indeclinable

Etymology: The word Φαραώ (Pharaō) is a transliteration of the Hebrew פַּרְעֹה (parʿōh), which itself comes from the Egyptian pr-ꜥꜣ, meaning 'great house' or 'palace'. This term eventually became a title for the king.

G4139

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-see-on

Translations: near, nearby, neighbor, a neighbor, one's neighbor

Notes: This word primarily functions as an adverb meaning 'near' or 'nearby', indicating proximity in space or time. It can also be used substantively as a noun, typically in the neuter singular, to refer to 'one's neighbor' or 'the person next to you'. When used as a noun, it often refers to a fellow human being, emphasizing a relationship of proximity or community.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an adverb); Neuter, Singular (when used substantively as a noun)

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΥΣ, ΠΑΡΑΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ

G5101

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G5611

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ho-ra-ee-OH-thay-san

Translations: they were made beautiful, they were made lovely, they were made fair, they were adorned

Notes: This word describes something or someone being made beautiful, lovely, or fair. It implies a transformation or a state of being adorned and made pleasing to the eye. It is often used in a passive sense, indicating that the subject received the action of being made beautiful.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΛΥΝΩ, ΚΟΣΜΕΩ, ΕΥΠΡΕΠΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word ὡραιόω (horaióō) is derived from ὡραῖος (horaîos), meaning 'beautiful, timely, seasonable', which in turn comes from ὥρα (hōra), meaning 'time, season, hour'. The verb thus means 'to make timely' or 'to make beautiful'.

G5137

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: tra-KHEE-los

Translations: neck, a neck, throat, a throat

Notes: This word refers to the neck or throat of a person or animal. It is often used literally to describe a physical part of the body. In some contexts, particularly in the Septuagint and New Testament, it can be used metaphorically to describe stubbornness or resistance, as in 'stiff-necked' (σκληροτράχηλος).

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΡΗ, ΦΑΡΥΓΞ

Etymology: The word ΤΡΑΧΗΛΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Greek word τραχύς (trachys), meaning 'rough' or 'harsh', perhaps referring to the rough or prominent part of the neck.

G3797

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hor-MIS-koy

Translations: necklace, a necklace, chain, a chain

Notes: This word refers to a necklace or a chain, typically worn around the neck as an ornament. It is used to describe decorative items, often made of precious materials, that adorn the body.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΔΕΡΑΙΟΝ, ΚΟΣΜΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word ὅρμος (hormos), meaning 'a chain, necklace', which itself is related to ὅρμος (hormos) meaning 'a roadstead, anchorage', possibly due to the idea of something being 'fastened' or 'linked'.

G3667

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: oh-MOY-oh-mah

Translations: likeness, a likeness, resemblance, a resemblance, form, a form, image, an image, copy, a copy

Notes: This word refers to something that is similar to or resembles another thing, often implying a close correspondence in form or nature. It can denote a copy, an image, or a representation. It is used to describe something that is made in the likeness of something else, or that bears a strong resemblance to it.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΙΚΩΝ, ΤΥΠΟΣ, ΜΟΡΦΗ

Etymology: From the Greek verb ὁμοιόω (homoioō), meaning 'to make like' or 'to resemble', which itself comes from ὅμοιος (homoios), meaning 'like' or 'similar'.

G3667

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ho-moy-O-ma-ta

Translations: likenesses, a likeness, images, an image, forms, a form, resemblances, a resemblance, copies, a copy

Notes: This word refers to something that resembles or is similar to another thing. It can denote a copy, an image, a form, or a likeness. It is often used to describe something that is made in the likeness of something else, such as an idol or a representation. It can also refer to a similarity in nature or character.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΙΚΩΝ, ΤΥΠΟΣ, ΜΟΡΦΗ

G3326

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G2193

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: EH-ohs

Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.

G3756, G3757

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

G342

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-nah-KLEE-see

Translations: to recline, to lie down, to sit down (at table), to make to recline

Notes: This word refers to the act of reclining or lying down, especially in the context of taking one's place at a meal. In ancient times, people would recline on couches while eating, rather than sitting on chairs. It can also refer to the place where one reclines.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΚΛΙΣΙΣ, ΑΝΑΠΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: Derived from the verb ANAKLINO (G347), meaning 'to lean back' or 'to recline', which is itself formed from ANA (G303, 'up' or 'back') and KLINO (G2827, 'to lean' or 'to incline').

G0659

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-po-DES-mos

Translations: bandage, a bandage, bond, a bond

Notes: This word refers to a bandage or a bond, something that ties or binds together. It is a compound word formed from 'APO' (from, away from) and 'DESMOS' (a bond, chain). It describes an object used for binding or securing, such as a medical dressing or a physical restraint.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΜΟΣ, ΣΥΝΔΕΣΜΟΣ

Etymology: Derived from the preposition 'APO' (from, away from) and the noun 'DESMOS' (a bond, chain), indicating something that binds or is bound away.

G0303

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb, Prefix

Sounds like: AH-nah

Translations: up, upward, among, through, each, by, again, back, a, an

Notes: ΑΝΑ is a versatile word that can function as a preposition, an adverb, or a prefix in compound words. As a preposition, it typically takes the accusative case and signifies movement upwards, distribution (each, by), or repetition (again, back). As an adverb, it can mean 'up' or 'upwards'. When used as a prefix, it often conveys ideas of upward movement, reversal, repetition, or distribution.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΚΑΤΑ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂en- 'on, upon'. It is cognate with English 'on' and 'up'.

G1006

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: BO-troos

Translations: cluster of grapes, bunch of grapes, a cluster of grapes, a bunch of grapes

Notes: This word refers to a cluster or bunch of grapes. It is typically used to describe the fruit as it grows on the vine, often implying a full or ripe collection. It can be used in various contexts where a collection of small, similar items is being described, but its primary meaning relates to grapes.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΤΑΦΥΛΗ, ΒΟΤΡΥΟΝ

Etymology: The word ΒΟΤΡΥΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek or from an unknown root.

G1487, G1488

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: AY

Translations: if, whether, that, if indeed, if then, you are, be

Notes: This word has two primary uses in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it functions as a conditional particle meaning 'if', introducing a condition or a question. It can also be the second person singular present indicative active form of the verb 'to be', meaning 'you are' or 'be'. The context of the sentence determines which meaning is intended.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a conjunction); Second Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active (as a verb)

Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΕΙΠΕΡ, ΕΣΤΙΝ

Etymology: The conjunction 'εἰ' comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'if' or 'whether'. The verb form 'εἰ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root for 'to be'.

G3566

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: NOOM-fee-oh

Translations: bridegroom, a bridegroom

Notes: This word refers to a bridegroom, the man who is about to be married or has just been married. It is commonly used in contexts related to weddings or marriage celebrations. In ancient Greek culture, the bridegroom played a central role in the wedding festivities.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΓΑΜΒΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΝΥΜΦΙΟΣ (nymphios) is derived from ΝΥΜΦΗ (nymphē), meaning 'bride' or 'young woman'. It refers to the male counterpart of the bride.

G2570

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: KAH-los

Translations: good, beautiful, noble, excellent, right, proper, a good, a beautiful, a noble, an excellent, a right, a proper

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning good, beautiful, noble, excellent, right, or proper. It describes the quality or nature of something or someone, often implying moral goodness, aesthetic beauty, or functional excellence. It can be used to describe people, actions, or things.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΟΣ, ΩΡΑΙΟΣ, ΕΥΓΕΝΗΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call', perhaps implying something that is 'called forth' or 'called good'.

G5611

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: hoh-RAI-oss

Translations: beautiful, handsome, lovely, fair, a beautiful one, a handsome one

Notes: This word describes something or someone as beautiful, handsome, or lovely, often implying a pleasing appearance or quality. It can be used to describe people, objects, or even actions that are considered aesthetically pleasing or appropriate for a particular time.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΟΣ, ΕΥΠΡΕΠΗΣ

Etymology: From the Koine Greek word ὥρα (hōra), meaning 'hour, season, proper time'. The word originally referred to something 'timely' or 'seasonable', and then evolved to mean 'beautiful' or 'fitting' in appearance, especially in its prime.

G4967

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: SYS-kee-os

Translations: shady, shaded, full of shade

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'shady' or 'shaded'. It describes something that provides or is covered by shade. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'σκιά' (skia), meaning 'shade' or 'shadow'. It can be used to describe a place, a tree, or anything that offers protection from the sun.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΚΙΩΔΗΣ, ΣΚΙΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΣΚΙΟΣ is derived from the prefix 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the noun 'σκιά' (skia), meaning 'shade' or 'shadow'. It literally means 'with shade' or 'together with shade'.

G5339

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: fah-TNO-mah-tah

Translations: paneling, a panel, ceiling, a ceiling, wainscoting, a wainscoting

Notes: This word refers to paneling, wainscoting, or a ceiling, typically made of wood. It describes the finished surface of a room's interior, particularly the overhead covering or decorative wall lining. It is often used in the context of architectural structures, such as temples or houses, indicating the wooden planks or panels used to construct ceilings or line walls.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΡΟΦΗ, ΣΤΕΓΗ

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