Lamentations Chapter 5, Interlinear version from Swete's Recension of the Greek Septuagint (Beta)

Lamentations, Chapter 5

Interlinear version from Swete's Recension of the Greek Septuagint (Beta)

5:1
5:2
5:3
5:4
5:5
5:6
5:7
5:8
5:9
5:10
5:11
5:12
5:13
5:14
5:15
5:16
5:17
5:18
5:19
5:20
5:21
5:22

5:1

ΜΝΗΣΘΗΤΙ
- MNĒSTHĒTI
- remember
ΚΥΡΙΕ
- KYRIE
- Lord
Ο
- O
- which
ΤΙ
- TI
- that
ἘΓΕΝΗΘΗ
- EGENĒTHĒ
- it-happened
ΗΜΙΝ
- ĒMIN
- to-us
ἘΠΙΒΛΕΨΟΝ
- EPIBLEPSON
- look-upon
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ἸΔΕ
- IDE
- see
ΤΟΝ
- TON
- the
ὈΝΕΙΔΙΣΜΟΝ
- ONEIDISMON
- reproach
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- of-us

5:2

ΚΛΗΡΟΝΟΜΙΑ
- KLĒRONOMIA
- inheritance
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- our
ΜΕΤΕΣΤΡΑΦΗ
- METESTRAPHĒ
- has-been-turned-over
ἈΛΛΟΤΡΙΟΙΣ
- ALLOTRIOIS
- to-strangers
ΟΙ
- OI
- the
ΟἸΚΟΙ
- OIKOI
- houses
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- our
ΞΕΝΟΙΣ
- XENOIS
- to-foreigners

5:3

ὈΡΦΑΝΟΙ
- ORPHANOI
- orphans
ἘΓΕΝΗΘΗΜΕΝ
- EGENĒTHĒMEN
- we-have-become
ΟΥ̓Χ
- OUCH
- not
ΥΠΑΡΧΕΙ
- YPARCHEI
- there-is
ΠΑΤΗΡ
- PATĒR
- [a] father
ΜΗΤΕΡΕΣ
- MĒTERES
- mothers
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- of-us
ΩΣ
- ŌS
- as
ΑΙ
- AI
- the
ΧΗΡΑΙ
- CHĒRAI
- widows

5:4

ἘΞ
- EX
- from
ΗΜΕΡΩΝ
- ĒMERŌN
- days
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- our
ΞΥΛΑ
- XYLA
- wood
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- our
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ἈΛΛΑΓΜΑΤΙ
- ALLAGMATI
- exchange
ἨΛΘΕΝ
- ĒLTHEN
- came

5:5

ἘΠΙ
- EPI
- upon
ΤΟΝ
- TON
- the
ΤΡΑΧΗΛΟΝ
- TRACHĒLON
- neck
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- of-us
ἘΔΙΩΧΘΗΜΕΝ
- EDIŌCHTHĒMEN
- we-were-persecuted
ἘΚΟΠΙΑΣΑΜΕΝ
- EKOPIASAMEN
- we-toiled
ΟΥ̓Κ
- OUK
- not
ἈΝΕΠΑΥΘΗΜΕΝ
- ANEPAUTHĒMEN
- we-rested

5:6

ΑἸΓΥΠΤΟΣ
- AIGYPTOS
- Egypt
ἘΔΩΚΕΝ
- EDŌKEN
- gave
ΧΕΙΡΑ
- CHEIRA
- hand
ἈΣΣΟΥΡ
- ASSOUR
- Assyria
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- for
ΠΛΗΣΜΟΝΗΝ
- PLĒSMONĒN
- fullness
ΑΥ̓ΤΩΝ
- AUTŌN
- of-them

5:7

ΟΙ
- OI
- the
ΠΑΤΕΡΕΣ
- PATERES
- fathers
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- of-us
ΗΜΑΡΤΟΝ
- ĒMARTON
- sinned
ΟΥ̓Χ
- OUCH
- not
ΥΠΑΡΧΟΥΣΙΝ
- YPARCHOUSIN
- they-exist
ΗΜΕΙΣ
- ĒMEIS
- we
ΤΑ
- TA
- the
ἈΝΟΜΗΜΑΤΑ
- ANOMĒMATA
- lawless-deeds
ΑΥ̓ΤΩΝ
- AUTŌN
- of-them
ΥΠΕΣΧΟΜΕΝ
- YPESCHOMEN
- we-have-borne

5:8

ΔΟΥΛΟΙ
- DOULOI
- servants
ἘΚΥΡΙΕΥΣΑΝ
- EKYRIEUSAN
- they-ruled-over
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- us
ΛΥΤΡΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ
- LYTROUMENOS
- delivering
ΟΥ̓Κ
- OUK
- not
ἘΣΤΙΝ
- ESTIN
- there-is
ἘΚ
- EK
- from
ΤΗΣ
- TĒS
- the
ΧΕΙΡΟΣ
- CHEIROS
- hand
ΑΥ̓ΤΩΝ
- AUTŌN
- of-them

5:9

ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΤΑΙΣ
- TAIS
- the
ΨΥΧΑΙΣ
- PSYCHAIS
- inner-persons
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- of-us
ΕἸΣΟΙΣΟΜΕΝ
- EISOISOMEN
- we-will-bring-in
ἈΡΤΟΝ
- ARTON
- bread
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- of-us
ἈΠΟ
- APO
- from
ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΥ
- PROSŌPOU
- face
ΡΟΜΦΑΙΑΣ
- RHOMPHAIAS
- of-sword
ΤΗΣ
- TĒS
- the
ἘΡΗΜΟΥ
- ERĒMOU
- of-desert

5:10

ΤΟ
- TO
- THE
ΔΕΡΜΑ
- DERMA
- skin
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- of-us
ΩΣ
- ŌS
- like
ΚΛΙΒΑΝΟΣ
- KLIBANOS
- [a] furnace
ἘΠΕΛΙΩΘΗ
- EPELIŌTHĒ
- it-was-dried-up
ΣΥΝΕΣΠΑΣΘΗΣΑΝ
- SYNESPASTHĒSAN
- they-were-shriveled
ἈΠΟ
- APO
- from
ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΥ
- PROSŌPOU
- face
ΚΑΤΑΙΓΙΔΩΝ
- KATAIGIDŌN
- of-storms
ΛΙΜΟΥ
- LIMOU
- of-famine

5:11

ΓΥΝΑΙΚΑΣ
- GYNAIKAS
- women
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΣΕΙΩΝ
- SEIŌN
- Zion
ἘΤΑΠΕΙΝΩΣΑΝ
- ETAPEINŌSAN
- they-humbled
ΠΑΡΘΕΝΟΥΣ
- PARTHENOUS
- virgins
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΠΟΛΕΣΙΝ
- POLESIN
- cities
ἸΟΥΔΑ
- IOUDA
- Judah

5:12

ἈΡΧΟΝΤΕΣ
- ARCHONTES
- rulers
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΧΕΡΣΙΝ
- CHERSIN
- hands
ΑΥ̓ΤΩΝ
- AUTŌN
- their
ἘΚΡΕΜΑΣΘΗΣΑΝ
- EKREMASTHĒSAN
- they-were-hanged
ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΕΡΟΙ
- PRESBYTEROI
- elders
ΟΥ̓Κ
- OUK
- not
ἘΔΟΞΑΣΘΗΣΑΝ
- EDOXASTHĒSAN
- they-were-honored

5:13

ἘΚΛΕΚΤΟΙ
- EKLEKTOI
- chosen-ones
ΚΛΑΥΘΜΟΝ
- KLAUTHMON
- lamentation
ἈΝΕΛΑΒΟΝ
- ANELABON
- they-took-up
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΝΕΑΝΙΣΚΟΙ
- NEANISKOI
- young-men
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΞΥΛΩ
- XYLŌ
- wood
ἨΣΘΕΝΗΣΑΝ
- ĒSTHENĒSAN
- they-became-weak

5:14

ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΑΙ
- PRESBYTAI
- elders
ἈΠΟ
- APO
- from
ΠΥΛΗΣ
- PYLĒS
- gate
ΚΑΤΕΠΑΥΣΑΝ
- KATEPAUSAN
- they-ceased
ἘΚΛΕΚΤΟΙ
- EKLEKTOI
- chosen-ones
ἘΚ
- EK
- from
ΨΑΛΜΩΝ
- PSALMŌN
- psalms
ΑΥ̓ΤΩΝ
- AUTŌN
- their
ΚΑΤΕΠΑΥΣΑΝ
- KATEPAUSAN
- they-ceased

5:15

ΚΑΤΕΛΥΣΕΝ
- KATELYSEN
- it-destroyed
ΧΑΡΑ
- CHARA
- joy
ΚΑΡΔΙΑΣ
- KARDIAS
- of-heart
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- of-us
ἘΣΤΡΑΦΗ
- ESTRAPHĒ
- it-turned
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- into
ΠΕΝΘΟΣ
- PENTHOS
- mourning
Ο
- O
- the
ΧΟΡΟΣ
- CHOROS
- dance
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- of-us

5:16

ἘΠΕΣΕΝ
- EPESEN
- it-fell
Ο
- O
- the
ΣΤΕΦΑΝΟΣ
- STEPHANOS
- crown
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- of-us
ΤΗΣ
- TĒS
- of-the
ΚΕΦΑΛΗΣ
- KEPHALĒS
- head
ΟΥ̓ΑΙ
- OUAI
- woe
ΔΗ
- DĒ
- indeed
ΗΜΙΝ
- ĒMIN
- to-us
ΟΤΙ
- OTI
- because
ΗΜΑΡΤΟΜΕΝ
- ĒMARTOMEN
- we-sinned

5:17

ΠΕΡΙ
- PERI
- concerning
ΤΟΥΤΟΥ
- TOUTOU
- this
ἘΓΕΝΗΘΗ
- EGENĒTHĒ
- became
ὈΔΥΝΗ
- ODYNĒ
- pain
ὈΔΥΝΗΡΑ
- ODYNĒRA
- painful
Η
- Ē
- the
ΚΑΡΔΙΑ
- KARDIA
- heart
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- of-us
ΠΕΡΙ
- PERI
- concerning
ΤΟΥΤΟΥ
- TOUTOU
- this
ἘΣΚΟΤΑΣΑΝ
- ESKOTASAN
- grew-dark
ΟΙ
- OI
- the
ὈΦΘΑΛΜΟΙ
- OPHTHALMOI
- eyes
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- of-us

5:18

ἘΠ'
- EP'
- on
ὈΡΟΣ
- OROS
- mountain
ΣΕΙΩΝ
- SEIŌN
- Zion
ΟΤΙ
- OTI
- because
ἨΦΑΝΙΣΘΗ
- ĒPHANISTHĒ
- it-was-destroyed
ἈΛΩΠΕΚΕΣ
- ALŌPEKES
- foxes
ΔΙΗΛΘΟΝ
- DIĒLTHON
- passed-through
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΑΥ̓ΤΗ
- AUTĒ
- it

5:19

ΣΥ
- SY
- you
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ΚΥΡΙΕ
- KYRIE
- Lord
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- into
ΤΟΝ
- TON
- the
ΑἸΩΝΑ
- AIŌNA
- age
ΚΑΤΟΙΚΗΣΕΙΣ
- KATOIKĒSEIS
- you-will-dwell
Ο
- O
- the
ΘΡΟΝΟΣ
- THRONOS
- throne
ΣΟΥ
- SOU
- of-you
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- into
ΓΕΝΕΑΝ
- GENEAN
- generation
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΓΕΝΕΑΝ
- GENEAN
- generation

5:20

ΙΝΑ
- INA
- why
ΤΙ
- TI
- (?)
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- into
ΝΙΚΟΣ
- NIKOS
- victory
ἘΠΙΛΗΣΗ
- EPILĒSĒ
- will-you-forget
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- us
ΚΑΤΑΛΕΙΨΕΙΣ
- KATALEIPSEIS
- will-you-abandon
ΗΜΑΣ
- ĒMAS
- us
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- into
ΜΑΚΡΟΤΗΤΑ
- MAKROTĒTA
- length
ΗΜΕΡΩΝ
- ĒMERŌN
- of-days

5:21

ἘΠΙΣΤΡΕΨΟΝ
- EPISTREPSON
- turn-back
ΗΜΑΣ
- ĒMAS
- us
ΚΥΡΙΕ
- KYRIE
- Lord
ΠΡΟΣ
- PROS
- to
ΣΕ
- SE
- you
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ἘΠΙΣΤΡΑΦΗΣΟΜΕΘΑ
- EPISTRAPHĒSOMETHA
- we-will-be-turned-back
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ἈΝΑΚΑΙΝΙΣΟΝ
- ANAKAINISON
- renew
ΗΜΕΡΑΣ
- ĒMERAS
- days
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- of-us
ΚΑΘΩΣ
- KATHŌS
- according-as
ἘΜΠΡΟΣΘΕΝ
- EMPROSTHEN
- formerly

5:22

ΟΤΙ
- OTI
- because
ἈΠΩΘΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ
- APŌTHOUMENOS
- rejecting
ἈΠΩΣΩ
- APŌSŌ
- you-will-reject
ΗΜΑΣ
- ĒMAS
- us
ὨΡΓΙΣΘΗΣ
- ŌRGISTHĒS
- you-were-angry
ἘΦ'
- EPH'
- against
ΗΜΑΣ
- ĒMAS
- us
ΕΩΣ
- EŌS
- until
ΣΦΟΔΡΑ
- SPHODRA
- greatly

G3403

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: mnays-THEE-tee

Translations: remember, be mindful of, recall

Notes: This word is an imperative verb, meaning 'remember!' or 'be mindful of!'. It is a command or an entreaty to recall something to mind or to keep something in memory. It is often used in prayers or direct addresses, urging someone to not forget a person, an event, or a covenant.

Inflection: Aorist, Imperative, Middle/Passive, Second Person Singular

Synonyms: ΜΕΜΝΗΜΑΙ, ΕΝΘΥΜΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From the root μνάομαι (mnaomai), meaning 'to remember' or 'to call to mind'. It is related to the concept of memory and recollection.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G5101

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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G1096

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-geh-NEE-thay

Translations: was, became, happened, came to pass, occurred, was made

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist indicative passive (or deponent middle) form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to come into being,' or 'to be made.' It describes an action that occurred in the past, indicating a change of state or an event taking place. For example, it can be used to say 'he/she/it became' or 'it happened.'

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive (or Deponent Middle), 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G3681

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: oh-ney-dis-MON

Translations: reproach, a reproach, disgrace, a disgrace, shame, a shame, insult, an insult

Notes: This word refers to the act or state of being reproached, disgraced, or insulted. It signifies a cause for shame or a mark of dishonor. It is often used in contexts where someone is subjected to scorn, contempt, or public humiliation.

Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΙΣΧΥΝΗ, ΥΒΡΙΣ, ΚΑΤΑΚΡΙΜΑ

Etymology: From the verb ὀνειδίζω (oneidizō), meaning 'to reproach' or 'to revile', which itself comes from ὄνειδος (oneidos), meaning 'reproach' or 'blame'.

G2817

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: klay-roh-noh-MEE-ah

Translations: inheritance, a inheritance, heritage, a heritage, possession, a possession

Notes: This word refers to an inheritance, heritage, or possession. It denotes something received by lot or by succession, often property or a legacy passed down from an ancestor or predecessor. It can also refer to the portion or share one receives.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative or Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΛΗΡΟΣ, ΚΤΗΣΙΣ, ΠΕΡΙΟΥΣΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΚΛΗΡΟΝΟΜΙΑ (klēronomia) is derived from the Greek word κληρονόμος (klēronomos), meaning 'heir', which itself comes from κλῆρος (klēros), meaning 'lot' or 'portion', and νέμω (nemō), meaning 'to distribute' or 'to possess'. Thus, it literally refers to a portion distributed or possessed by lot or inheritance.

G3344

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-teh-strah-FEE

Translations: was turned, was changed, was transformed, was perverted

Notes: This word is the aorist, indicative, passive, third person singular form of the verb ΜΕΤΑΣΤΡΕΦΩ (METASTREPHO). It is a compound word formed from ΜΕΤΑ (META), meaning 'with' or 'after' (indicating change), and ΣΤΡΕΦΩ (STREPHO), meaning 'to turn'. Therefore, it means 'it was turned around', 'it was changed', 'it was transformed', or 'it was perverted'. It describes something that underwent a significant alteration or reversal.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑΣΣΩ, ΜΕΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G3624

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Part of Speech: Noun, Adverb

Sounds like: OY-koy

Translations: houses, homes, (to) houses, (to) homes, at home, in the house, in the home

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the noun 'οἶκος' (oikos), meaning 'house', 'home', or 'household'. As a noun, 'οἶκοι' can be the nominative plural (meaning 'houses' or 'homes') or the dative plural (meaning 'to houses' or 'to homes'). It can also function adverbially as a locative, meaning 'at home' or 'in the house/home'. It refers to a dwelling place, a family unit, or even a temple.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Dative; or Locative (adverbial)

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑ, ΟΙΚΗΜΑ, ΔΩΜΑ

G5613

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral

Sounds like: AI

Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11

Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)

Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.

G1722

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G236

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: al-LAG-ma-tee

Translations: (to) exchange, (to) change, (to) barter, an exchange, a change, a barter

Notes: This word refers to an exchange, a change, or something given in barter. It describes the act or result of trading one thing for another. It is often used in contexts of commercial transactions or substitutions.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter

Synonyms: ἈΝΤΑΛΛΑΓΜΑ, ἈΝΤΑΠΟΔΟΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΛΛΑΓΜΑ (allagma) is derived from the verb ἀλλάσσω (allassō), meaning 'to change' or 'to exchange'. It is formed with the suffix -μα, which typically denotes the result of an action.

G1909

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G1377

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-dee-OKH-thay-men

Translations: we were persecuted, we were pursued, we were driven out

Notes: This is a verb form meaning 'to be persecuted,' 'to be pursued,' or 'to be driven out.' It describes an action done to the subject by someone or something else, occurring in the past. It is often used in contexts of suffering or being forced to flee.

Inflection: First Person, Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΔΙΩΓΜΟΣ, ΚΑΤΑΔΙΩΚΩ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΩΚΩ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to run' or 'to chase.' It developed in Greek to mean 'to pursue' or 'to chase,' and by extension, 'to persecute' or 'to drive away.'

G2872

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-koh-pee-AH-sah-men

Translations: we toiled, we labored, we grew weary, we worked hard

Notes: This word describes the action of toiling, laboring, or working hard to the point of weariness. It implies strenuous effort and often exhaustion. It is used to express the act of putting in significant physical or mental exertion.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Aorist Active Indicative

Synonyms: ἘΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΜΟΧΘΕΩ, ΚΑΜΝΩ

Etymology: From κόπος (kopos), meaning 'toil, labor, weariness', which is derived from the verb κόπτω (koptō), meaning 'to strike, cut, beat'. The sense evolved from 'beating' oneself or 'striking' something repeatedly to 'toil' or 'become weary'.

G3756

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G0373

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-neh-PAH-thay-men

Translations: we rested, we were refreshed, we were given rest

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to rest', 'to refresh', or 'to give rest'. It is often used in the context of ceasing from labor or finding relief. The form ἈΝΕΠΑΥΘΗΜΕΝ is a compound word, combining the prefix ἈΝΑ- (ANA-) meaning 'up' or 'again', with the verb ΠΑΥΩ (PAUO) meaning 'to stop' or 'to cease'. Thus, it implies a cessation that brings refreshment or rest.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Indicative, 1st Person Plural

Synonyms: ΚΟΠΙΑΩ, ἩΣΥΧΑΖΩ

Etymology: The word ἈΝΑΠΑΥΩ is formed from the prefix ἈΝΑ- (ANA-), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb ΠΑΥΩ (PAUO), meaning 'to stop' or 'to cease'.

G0004

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ahee-GYOOP-tos

Translations: Egypt

Notes: This word refers to the country of Egypt, an ancient civilization located in northeastern Africa. It is frequently mentioned in the Bible, particularly in the Old Testament, as a place of refuge, bondage, and a powerful nation that interacted significantly with Israel.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'Αἴγυπτος' is of uncertain origin, but it is believed to be derived from the Egyptian name 'Hwt-ka-Ptah' (meaning 'Mansion of the Soul of Ptah'), which was the name of the city of Memphis. This name was later applied by the Greeks to the entire country.

G0810

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Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: ass-SOOR

Translations: Asshur, Assyria, an Assyrian

Notes: This word refers to Asshur, the land of Assyria, or an Assyrian person. It is often used to denote the powerful ancient empire located in Mesopotamia, known for its military strength and influence in the ancient Near East. It can be used to refer to the geographical region, the people inhabiting it, or the empire itself.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Dative, Masculine or Neuter (referring to the land/empire)

Etymology: The word is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew name 'Ashshur' (H0804), which refers to the son of Shem, and subsequently the land and people descended from him.

G1519

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G3962

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PAH-teh-res

Translations: fathers, parents, ancestors

Notes: This word refers to male parents, or more broadly, to ancestors or forefathers. It can also be used in a spiritual sense to refer to spiritual leaders or founders. In a sentence, it would typically function as the subject or direct address.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΓΟΝΟΙ, ΓΟΝΕΙΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΑΤΗΡ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'father'. It is a very ancient word found across many Indo-European languages.

G5225

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-PAR-kho-sin

Translations: they are, they exist, they possess, they have, they belong, they are present

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to be', 'to exist', or 'to be present'. It can also mean 'to possess' or 'to have', indicating a state of being or ownership. It is often used to describe something that truly is or genuinely exists, or to denote a pre-existing condition or state.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΧΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupo, “under”) + ἄρχω (archō, “to begin, to rule”). The combination suggests 'to begin under' or 'to be originally'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G2961

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-koo-ree-EH-oo-san

Translations: they ruled, they had dominion, they mastered, they took control, they gained control

Notes: This word describes the act of exercising authority, dominion, or control over someone or something. It implies a position of power or mastery. It is often used to indicate that a group of people gained or held power over others, or that they became masters of a situation or a possession.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΩ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΩ

Etymology: From ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (kyrios), meaning 'lord' or 'master'. The verb means 'to be lord, to rule as a lord'.

G3084

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: loo-TROO-meh-nos

Translations: redeeming, delivering, ransoming, the one who redeems, a redeemer, the one who delivers, a deliverer

Notes: This word is a present participle, meaning 'redeeming' or 'delivering'. It describes an ongoing action of setting free by paying a price or ransom. It can function adjectivally, describing someone who is performing this action, or substantively, referring to 'the one who redeems' or 'a redeemer'.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative, Participle

Synonyms: ΕΞΑΓΟΡΑΖΩ, ΡΥΟΜΑΙ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G5495

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHEI-ross

Translations: of hand, of a hand, of the hand, of power, of authority, of control

Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'χείρ' (cheir), meaning 'hand'. In Koine Greek, 'hand' can refer not only to the physical limb but also metaphorically to power, authority, control, or agency. When used in the genitive case, it often indicates possession, origin, or the agent by which something is done, thus translating to 'of hand' or 'by the hand of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'χείρ' (cheir) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰesr-, meaning 'hand'. It is related to words for hand in other Indo-European languages.

G1533

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eis-OY-so-men

Translations: we will bring in, we will lead into, we will carry into

Notes: This word is the first person plural future active indicative form of the verb εἰσφέρω (eisphero), which means 'to bring in,' 'to lead into,' or 'to carry into.' It describes an action that the speaker and their group will perform in the future, involving bringing something or someone into a place or situation.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Future, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΙΣΑΓΩ, ΕΙΣΚΟΜΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word εἰσφέρω (eisphero) is a compound verb formed from the preposition εἰς (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to,' and the verb φέρω (phero), meaning 'to bear,' 'to carry,' or 'to bring.'

G4383

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pro-SO-poo

Translations: of face, of countenance, of presence, of person, of a face, of a countenance, of a presence, of a person

Notes: This word refers primarily to the 'face' or 'countenance' of a person or thing. It can also denote 'presence' or 'appearance'. In a broader sense, it can refer to the 'person' or 'individual' themselves. It is often used in phrases like 'from the face of' or 'before the face of' to mean 'from the presence of' or 'before the presence of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΜΟΡΦΗ

Etymology: The word 'ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ' is derived from the Greek preposition 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and 'ὤψ' (ōps), meaning 'eye' or 'face'. It literally means 'that which is before the eyes' or 'that which is turned towards'.

G2048

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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: eh-REH-moo

Translations: of the desert, of the wilderness, of a desolate place, desert, wilderness, desolate place

Notes: This word refers to a desolate, uninhabited, or solitary place, often a desert or wilderness. It can also be used as an adjective meaning 'desolate' or 'empty'. In the provided context, 'ἘΡΗΜΟΥ' is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, such as 'of the desert'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΥΔΡΟΣ, ΕΡΗΜΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'ἔρημος' (erēmos) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁erh₁- meaning 'to separate, to set apart'. It describes a place that is separated or set apart from human habitation.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G1964

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-lee-OH-thee

Translations: was dried up, was shriveled, was withered

Notes: This verb describes something becoming dried up, shriveled, or withered. It is used to indicate a state of extreme dryness or desiccation, often implying a loss of moisture or vitality. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (upon, over) and 'λιάζω' (to dry up).

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΞΗΡΑΙΝΩ, ΜΑΡΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word ἐπιλιάζω (epiliazō) is derived from the prefix ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the verb λιάζω (liazō), which means 'to dry up' or 'to become parched'.

G2635

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-tah-ee-GHEE-dohn

Translations: of storms, of tempests, of hurricanes, of whirlwinds

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun ΚΑΤΑΙΓΙΣ (kataigis), which refers to a violent storm, tempest, hurricane, or whirlwind. As a genitive plural, it indicates possession, origin, or relationship, meaning 'of storms' or 'belonging to storms'. It describes something associated with or caused by multiple violent weather events.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΥΕΛΛΩΝ, ΛΑΙΛΑΠΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΙΓΙΣ (kataigis) is derived from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down', and αἴγις (aigis), which can refer to a 'goat-skin' or 'shield', often associated with Zeus's storm-cloud. The combination suggests something that comes down violently, like a storm.

G5013

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-tah-peh-NOH-sahn

Translations: they humbled, they abased, they brought low, they humiliated

Notes: This word describes the action of humbling, abasing, or bringing someone or something low. It can refer to a literal lowering in status or position, or a metaphorical humbling of pride or power. It is often used in contexts where someone is made to feel less important or is subjected to a lower condition.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΣΟΦΊΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΔΟΥΛΌΩ

Etymology: From ταπεινός (tapeinos), meaning 'lowly' or 'humble'. The verb form means to make low or humble.

G1392

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-dox-AS-thay-san

Translations: they were glorified, they were honored, they were magnified, they were praised

Notes: This word describes an action where a group of people were glorified, honored, or praised. It indicates that they received recognition, respect, or renown, often implying a divine or significant source of this honor. It is used to describe individuals or groups who have achieved a state of high esteem or recognition.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΤΙΜΑΩ, ΕΠΑΙΝΕΩ, ΜΕΓΑΛΥΝΩ

Etymology: From δόξα (doxa, 'glory, opinion') and the suffix -άζω (-azo), forming verbs of action. The verb means 'to glorify' or 'to honor'.

G0353

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-neh-LAH-bon

Translations: took up, received, assumed, took on, lifted up

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb λαμβάνω (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. Therefore, it generally means to take up, lift up, receive, or assume something. It can be used in various contexts, such as taking someone up into a place, receiving something, or taking on a responsibility or role.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΑΙΡΩ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΥΠΟΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ

G0770

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ees-THEH-nay-san

Translations: they were weak, they became weak, they were sick, they became sick, they were ill, they became ill, they were feeble, they became feeble

Notes: This word describes a state of weakness, sickness, or feebleness. It is used to indicate that someone or something has become weak, ill, or has lost strength. It can refer to physical weakness, but also to a lack of power or influence.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΠΑΘΕΩ, ΑΡΡΩΣΤΕΩ, ΝΟΣΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΑΣΘΕΝΕΩ comes from the Greek prefix 'ἀ-' (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and 'σθένος' (sthenos), meaning 'strength' or 'vigor'. Thus, it literally means 'to be without strength'.

G2664

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-PAH-oo-san

Translations: they rested, they ceased, they made to cease, they caused to rest, they caused to cease

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against') and the verb παύω (pauō, meaning 'to stop' or 'to cease'). In this form, it means 'they rested' or 'they ceased'. It can also be transitive, meaning 'they caused to rest' or 'they made to cease'. It describes an action of bringing something to a halt or coming to a state of rest.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΠΑΥΩ, ΑΝΑΠΑΥΩ, ΗΣΥΧΑΖΩ

G2647

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-LYOO-sen

Translations: he destroyed, she destroyed, it destroyed, he overthrew, she overthrew, it overthrew, he lodged, she lodged, it lodged, he abolished, she abolished, it abolished, he dissolved, she dissolved, it dissolved

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb καταλύω (katalyō), which is a compound word formed from κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against') and λύω (lyō, meaning 'to loose' or 'to release'). It can mean to destroy, overthrow, abolish, or dissolve. In a different context, it can also mean to lodge or take up lodging, especially for the night, implying a 'breaking down' of a journey. Its meaning depends on the context, often referring to bringing something to an end or breaking it apart, or simply stopping for rest.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ, ΚΑΘΑΙΡΕΩ, ΔΙΑΛΥΩ

G5479

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHA-ra

Translations: joy, a joy, gladness, delight

Notes: This word refers to a state of inner gladness, delight, or joy. It is often used to describe a deep-seated happiness that comes from a positive experience or a spiritual blessing. It can be used in sentences like 'He felt great joy' or 'There was much gladness among them.'

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΦΡΟΣΥΝΗ, ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the root χαίρω (chairō), meaning 'to rejoice' or 'to be glad'. It is related to the concept of grace or favor.

G2588

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kar-DEE-as

Translations: of heart, of a heart, of mind, of soul, of inner self, of conscience, of courage, of will

Notes: This word refers to the physical heart, but more commonly in Koine Greek, it signifies the center of one's being, including thoughts, emotions, will, and conscience. It is often used to denote the inner person, the seat of spiritual and moral life. For example, it can refer to the core of one's beliefs or the source of one's intentions.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΨΥΧΗ, ΝΟΥΣ, ΠΝΕΥΜΑ

G3997

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PEN-thoss

Translations: mourning, a mourning, grief, sorrow, lamentation

Notes: This word refers to a state of deep sorrow, grief, or lamentation, often expressed outwardly through weeping or other signs of distress. It is commonly used to describe the emotional response to death, loss, or disaster.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΘΡΗΝΟΣ, ΚΟΠΕΤΟΣ, ΛΥΠΗ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the verb πάσχω (paschō), meaning 'to suffer' or 'to experience'.

G5525

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHO-ros

Translations: dance, a dance, chorus, a chorus, company, a company, band, a band

Notes: This word refers to a dance or a company of dancers, often associated with a festive or religious gathering. It can also denote a band or company of people, especially those acting in unison or performing together, like a chorus in a play or a group of prophets. It is a masculine noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΟΜΙΛΟΣ, ΣΥΝΟΔΙΑ, ΘΙΑΣΟΣ

Etymology: The word "ΧΟΡΟΣ" is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek or from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to jump' or 'to dance'. It refers to a circular dance, and by extension, the group of dancers or singers performing it.

G4735

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: steh-FAH-nos

Translations: crown, a crown, wreath, a wreath, garland, a garland

Notes: This word refers to a crown, wreath, or garland, often made of leaves or flowers, worn on the head. It can symbolize victory, honor, royalty, or a prize awarded in contests. It is commonly used to denote a literal head covering or metaphorically to represent a reward or glory.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΔΗΜΑ, ΚΟΡΩΝΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΕΦΑΝΟΣ (stephanos) comes from the verb στέφω (stephō), meaning 'to encircle' or 'to crown'. It refers to something that encircles the head.

G3759

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Part of Speech: Interjection

Sounds like: OO-ah-ee

Translations: Woe, alas

Notes: This word is an exclamation used to express lament, grief, or warning. It is often translated as 'woe' or 'alas' and can be used to pronounce a curse or a solemn warning of impending disaster or judgment. It is typically followed by the person or thing to whom the 'woe' is directed, often in the dative case or introduced by a preposition.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word 'οὐαι' is of imitative origin, mimicking a cry of lamentation. It is found in various forms across different languages, suggesting a common, ancient root for such an exclamation.

G3754

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G0264

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hay-MAR-toh-men

Translations: we sinned, we have sinned

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to sin' or 'to miss the mark'. It refers to an action of failing to meet a standard or deviating from a path, often with moral or religious implications. The form 'ΗΜΑΡΤΟΜΕΝ' specifically means 'we sinned' or 'we have sinned', indicating a past action completed by a group of people.

Inflection: First Person Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΛΑΝΑΩ, ΑΠΟΤΥΓΧΑΝΩ

Etymology: The word ἁμαρτάνω (hamartanō) comes from a privative prefix 'a-' (meaning 'not') and a root related to 'μέρος' (meros), meaning 'part' or 'share', implying 'not having a share' or 'missing the mark'.

G4012

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G3601

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: oh-doo-NAY

Translations: pain, a pain, sorrow, grief, anguish, distress

Notes: This word refers to physical pain, suffering, or anguish, as well as emotional sorrow or grief. It describes a deep sense of distress or affliction, whether bodily or mental. It is commonly used to express the feeling of being in great discomfort or sadness.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΝΟΣ, ΛΥΠΗ, ΘΛΙΨΙΣ

Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the verb 'ὀδύσσομαι' (odyssomai), meaning 'to be angry' or 'to be vexed', suggesting a connection to feelings of distress or irritation.

G3588, G3739, G2228

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G4656

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: es-ko-TA-san

Translations: they darkened, they became dark, they grew dark

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to darken' or 'to become dark'. It is used to describe something that has lost its light or brightness, or has become obscure. It can refer to physical darkness or a metaphorical darkening, such as of the mind or understanding. In the provided example, it describes eyes becoming dark, implying a loss of sight or a dimming of vision.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΚΟΤΙΖΩ, ΣΚΟΤΟΩ

Etymology: From the noun σκότος (skotos), meaning 'darkness'. The verb form indicates the process of becoming dark.

G1909

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

G0278

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ee-fah-NEE-sthee

Translations: was made to disappear, was destroyed, vanished, perished, was consumed

Notes: This word describes something that has been made to disappear, has vanished, or has been destroyed. It is in the passive voice, indicating that the subject of the verb is acted upon, either by an external force or by its own nature, resulting in its disappearance or destruction. It can refer to physical objects, resources, or even abstract concepts.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ΕΞΑΛΕΙΦΩ

Etymology: The word ἀφανίζω (aphanizō) comes from the Greek prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and φαίνω (phainō), meaning 'to show' or 'to appear'. Thus, it literally means 'to make not appear' or 'to make invisible'.

G0846

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TEH

Translations: she, herself, to her, for her, of her, her, it, itself, to it, for it, of it, its, they, them, themselves

Notes: This word is a form of the pronoun 'autos', meaning 'self' or 'same'. It can function as a personal pronoun (he, she, it, they), a reflexive pronoun (himself, herself, itself, themselves), or an intensive pronoun (the very, the same). Its specific meaning depends on its case, number, and gender, and the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine; or Singular, Dative, Feminine; or Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative, Neuter

Etymology: The word 'autos' (from which 'autē' is derived) comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ew-to-, a pronominal stem. It is related to other pronouns and demonstratives in various Indo-European languages.

G1161

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G2362

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: THRON-os

Translations: throne, a throne

Notes: This word refers to a seat of state, a chair of dignity, or a royal seat. It is commonly used to denote the seat occupied by a king, a deity, or any person in authority, symbolizing power, sovereignty, and judgment. It can be used in both literal and metaphorical senses.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΙΦΡΟΣ, ΚΑΘΕΔΡΑ

Etymology: The word 'thronos' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to set, to place'. It is related to the verb 'θράω' (thraō), meaning 'to seat'.

G2443

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EE-nah

Translations: in order that, that, so that, to

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.

G1950

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-LEE-see

Translations: you will forget, you will be forgotten, forgetfulness

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'ἐπιλανθάνομαι' (epilanthánomai), meaning 'to forget' or 'to neglect'. In the provided context, it appears to be a future tense form, indicating an action that will happen in the future, such as 'you will forget' or 'you will be forgotten'. It can also refer to the state of forgetfulness itself.

Inflection: Second Person, Singular, Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΛΗΘΗ, ΑΜΝΗΣΙΑ

G1994

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-is-TREP-son

Translations: turn, return, turn back, convert, restore

Notes: This word is a verb meaning to turn, return, or turn back. It can be used to describe a physical turning movement, or a metaphorical turning, such as returning to a previous state, converting to a new belief, or restoring something. It is often used in the imperative to command someone to turn or return.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ἈΝΑΚΑΜΠΤΩ, ΜΕΤΑΝΟΕΩ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb ΣΤΡΕΦΩ (strephō), meaning 'to turn'.

G4314

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G1994

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-is-traph-ee-SOH-meth-ah

Translations: we will return, we will be converted, we will turn back, we will be restored

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to turn back', 'to return', or 'to be converted'. It is formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb 'στρέφω' (strephō), meaning 'to turn'. In this form, it indicates a future action where the subject will be turned or will return, often implying a change of direction, mind, or allegiance, or a restoration to a previous state.

Inflection: Future, Passive, Indicative, 1st Person, Plural

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ἈΝΑΚΑΜΠΤΩ

G2531

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: KAH-thohss

Translations: just as, even as, according as, as, exactly as, in proportion as, like, according to, inasmuch as

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'according to') and the adverb ὡς (hōs, meaning 'as' or 'how'). It functions as an adverb or conjunction, primarily used to introduce a comparison, indicating that something is done or happens in the same way as something else. It can also express correspondence or proportion, meaning 'inasmuch as' or 'to the extent that'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition κατά (kata, 'down, according to') and the adverb ὡς (hōs, 'as, how').

G1715

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: em-PROS-then

Translations: before, in front, in front of, in the presence of, ahead, formerly, previously

Notes: This word functions as both an adverb and a preposition. As an adverb, it means 'before' or 'in front,' indicating a position or time. As a preposition, it means 'in front of' or 'in the presence of,' typically taking the genitive case. It can also refer to something that happened 'formerly' or 'previously.'

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟ, ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ, ΚΑΤΕΝΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐν (en, 'in') and the adverbial form of πρός (pros, 'to, toward'). It literally means 'in front of' or 'in the direction of'.

G0683

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ah-poh-THOO-meh-nos

Translations: thrusting away, pushing away, rejecting, casting off, repudiating, spurning

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'apotheo'. It describes an action of pushing away, rejecting, or repudiating something or someone. It can be used to describe someone who is actively pushing something away (middle voice) or something that is being pushed away (passive voice). It often implies a strong rejection or dismissal.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ἈΡΝΕΟΜΑΙ, ἈΠΟΔΟΚΙΜΑΖΩ, ἈΘΕΤΕΩ

G0683

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-SOH

Translations: you rejected, you cast off, you thrust away, you pushed away

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb ἀπωθέω (apotheo), meaning to reject, cast off, or thrust away. In this specific form, it indicates an action completed in the past by a single person, specifically 'you' (singular). It describes the act of pushing something or someone away, often implying a strong rejection or dismissal.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Second Person Singular

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΒΑΛΛΩ, ἈΠΟΔΟΚΙΜΑΖΩ, ἈΡΝΕΟΜΑΙ

G1909

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: EHF

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, because of, with, by

Notes: This word is an elided form of the Greek preposition ἘΠΊ (epi), which means 'on,' 'upon,' or 'over.' The final vowel of ἘΠΊ is dropped before a word beginning with a vowel, especially a rough breathing mark, resulting in ἘΦ. Its precise meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it means 'on' or 'upon' (of place or time); with the dative, it means 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' or 'for' (of position or cause); and with the accusative, it means 'on,' 'to,' 'against,' or 'over' (of motion or purpose). It is also commonly used as a prefix in compound words.

Inflection: Does not inflect; it is an elided form of the preposition ἘΠΊ. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs (Genitive, Dative, or Accusative).

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G2193

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: EH-ohs

Translations: until, while, as long as, up to, even to, as far as

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a point in time or extent in space. It is commonly translated as 'until' or 'as long as' when referring to time, and 'up to' or 'as far as' when referring to space. It can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that', often introducing a temporal clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΕΧΡΙ, ΑΧΡΙ, ΠΡΙΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary particle. It is an ancient Greek word with a long history of use in temporal and spatial contexts.

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