Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Ignatius of Antioch / Ignatius’ Letter to the Ephesians / Chapter 3Ignatius’ Letter to the Ephesians, Chapter 3
Interlinear version from Ignatius of Antioch (Beta)
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G1299
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dee-ah-TAS-soh-my
Translations: to command, to order, to arrange, to appoint, to give orders, to prescribe
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from διά (dia, through) and τάσσω (tassō, to arrange). It means to arrange thoroughly, to give specific orders, or to command with authority. It is often used in contexts where someone is giving instructions or making an appointment.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Indicative Mood, First Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΝΤΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ, ΚΕΛΕΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb τάσσω (tassō), meaning 'to arrange' or 'to put in order'. The combination implies arranging or ordering something thoroughly or definitively.
G5213
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: yoo-MEEN
Translations: (to) you, (for) you
Notes: This word is a second person plural pronoun, meaning 'you' (plural). It is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of a verb or the recipient of an action. It can be translated as 'to you' or 'for you', depending on the context.
Inflection: Plural, Dative
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G5101
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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective
Sounds like: TEES
Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing
Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.
Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.
G1519, G1487, G1488
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb
Sounds like: E
Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are
Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G1210
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: DEH-deh-mai
Translations: I have been bound, I am bound, I have been tied, I am tied
Notes: This is the first person singular perfect passive indicative form of the verb δέω (deō), meaning 'to bind' or 'to tie'. The perfect tense indicates an action completed in the past with continuing results in the present. Therefore, 'I have been bound' implies that the state of being bound continues into the present, or 'I am bound' as a result of a past action. It describes a state of being restrained or imprisoned.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative, First Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΕΔΕΩ, ΚΑΤΑΔΕΩ
Etymology: The word δέω (deō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to tie' or 'to bind'.
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G3686
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: O-NO-ma-tee
Translations: (to) name, (to) a name, (to) reputation, (to) authority
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun 'ὈΝΟΜΑ' (onoma), meaning 'name'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for' in English, or simply by the context. It can refer to a person's name, their reputation, or their authority.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ
G3768
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OO-poh
Translations: not yet
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'not yet'. It indicates that an action or state has not occurred up to the present moment, but implies that it may happen in the future. It is often used to express a delay or an unfulfilled expectation.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕΠΩ, ΟΥ̓ΚΕΤΙ
Etymology: This word is a compound of the negative particle ΟΥ̓ (ou), meaning 'not', and the enclitic particle ΠΩ (pō), meaning 'yet' or 'at all'.
G0568
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-par-TIS-mai
Translations: I have been completed, I have been perfected, I have been finished, I have been made ready
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'ἀπαρτίζω', meaning to complete, perfect, or finish. It describes a state of being brought to an end or made whole. In the provided context, it suggests a state of not yet being fully completed or perfected in a spiritual sense.
Inflection: Perfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive, First Person Singular
Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΩ, ΠΛΗΡΟΩ
G2424
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-ay-SOO
Translations: of Jesus, to Jesus, of Joshua, to Joshua
Notes: This is a proper name, referring to either Jesus Christ or Joshua, the successor of Moses. It is used to identify a specific individual.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Genitive or Dative
G5547
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Noun
Sounds like: khree-STOH
Translations: (to) Christ, (to) the Anointed One, (to) the Messiah
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ' (Christos), meaning 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. It is often used as a proper noun, referring to Jesus Christ. In its dative form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to Christ' or 'for Christ'. It can also refer to anyone who is anointed, such as a king or priest.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ
G3568
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: NOON
Translations: now, at present, at this time
Notes: ΝΥΝ is an adverb meaning 'now' or 'at present'. It refers to the current moment in time. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a conclusion in a discourse, indicating a shift to the present situation or a logical consequence.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΤΙ, ΗΔΗ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now'. It is cognate with Latin nunc and English 'now'.
G0746
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ar-KHAIN
Translations: beginning, a beginning, rule, a rule, ruler, a ruler, authority, an authority, domain, a domain, first, the first
Notes: This word refers to the starting point of something, such as a beginning in time or a foundational principle. It can also denote a position of power or authority, or the person holding such a position, like a ruler or leader. It is often used to describe the origin or initial state of things.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΕΦΑΛΗ, ΠΡΩΤΟΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EKH-oh
Translations: have, hold, possess, keep, be able, be in a state of
Notes: This word means "to have" or "to hold." It is a very common verb used to express possession, to describe a state or condition, or to indicate that one is holding something. It can also be used in a broader sense to mean "to be able" or "to be in a certain state."
Inflection: First Person Singular, Present Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood
Synonyms: ΚΤΆΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΈΧΩ, ἜΧΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- 'to hold, to have'. It is cognate with Latin 'habeo' (to have) and English 'seek'.
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G3100
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: mah-thay-TEV-es-thai
Translations: to be discipled, to be taught, to become a disciple, to be made a disciple
Notes: This verb means to be instructed or trained as a disciple. It describes the process of becoming or being made a follower or learner, often in a spiritual or educational context. It is used to indicate the passive action of being discipled by someone else.
Inflection: Present, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΑΣΚΕΣΘΑΙ, ΕΚΜΑΝΘΑΝΕΙΝ
Etymology: From ΜΑΘΗΤΗΣ (mathetes), meaning 'disciple' or 'learner'.
G4314
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-la-LOH
Translations: to speak to, to address, to converse with
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to' or 'toward', and the verb 'λαλέω' (laleō), meaning 'to speak'. Therefore, it means to speak to someone, to address them, or to converse with them. It implies a direct communication or interaction with another person or entity.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΟΜΙΛΕΩ
G4848
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: soon-dee-das-kah-LEE-tais
Translations: (to) fellow-teachers, (to) co-teachers
Notes: This is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (together with) and 'διδασκαλίτης' (teacher). It refers to someone who teaches alongside another, a fellow-teacher or co-teacher. It is used to describe colleagues in the teaching profession or those who share the same role in instructing others.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and ΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΙΤΗΣ (didaskalites), meaning 'teacher'. It denotes a shared or joint teaching role.
G1700
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: moo
Translations: of me, my, mine
Notes: ΜΟΥ is the genitive singular form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning "of me," "my," or "mine." It indicates possession or origin, similar to how "my" or "mine" is used in English. It can be used with nouns to show ownership (e.g., "my house") or with verbs to indicate the source or object of an action (e.g., "he heard of me").
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Common Gender
G1691
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-MEH
Translations: me
Notes: This word is the accusative singular form of the first-person pronoun, meaning 'me'. It is used as the direct object of a verb or after certain prepositions that take the accusative case, indicating the recipient of an action or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, First Person
G1163
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-DEH-ee
Translations: it was necessary, it had to be, it behooved, one had to
Notes: This is an impersonal verb meaning 'it was necessary' or 'it had to be'. It describes something that was obligatory, proper, or destined to happen. It is often used to express a divine or moral necessity, or what was fitting or appropriate in a given situation. It typically takes an infinitive or a clause as its subject.
Inflection: Impersonal, Aorist, Indicative, Active
Etymology: The word ΔΕΙ (dei) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *deh₁- meaning 'to put, to place'. In Greek, it developed the sense of 'it is necessary' or 'it is binding'.
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: OOF
Translations: under, by, with, from, at the hand of, by means of, through
Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'ΥΠΟ' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'by'. The final vowel of 'ΥΠΟ' is dropped when the following word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. It indicates a position beneath something, or agency (by means of someone/something), or cause. It can also denote the instrument or agent by which something is done. It is a very common preposition in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect; governs the genitive and accusative cases.
Etymology: The word 'ΥΠΟ' (hypo) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'under'. It is related to English words like 'hypodermic' and 'hypothermia'.
G5216
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hoo-MOHN
Translations: (of) you, your
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the second-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of you' or 'your' when referring to multiple people. It indicates possession, origin, or relationship concerning a group of people being addressed. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of you' (your house) or 'from among you'.
Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Genitive
G5259
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-pah-leeph-THEE-nay
Translations: to be anointed, to be smeared, to be rubbed
Notes: This word is the aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'hypaleiphō'. It means 'to anoint', 'to smear', or 'to rub', often with oil or ointment. In its passive form, it means 'to be anointed' or 'to be smeared'. It implies the action of having something applied to oneself, often for medicinal, ritual, or ceremonial purposes.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΛΕΙΦΩ, ΧΡΙΩ
Etymology: The word ΥΠΑΛΕΙΦΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'secretly', and the verb ΑΛΕΙΦΩ (aleiphō), meaning 'to anoint' or 'to smear'. The prefix often intensifies the action or implies a more thorough or private anointing.
G4102
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PIS-tei
Translations: (by) faith, (in) faith, (with) faith, (to) faith, (by) trust, (in) trust, (with) trust, (to) trust, (by) belief, (in) belief, (with) belief, (to) belief
Notes: This word is a noun meaning 'faith,' 'trust,' or 'belief.' It refers to a firm conviction or reliance on something or someone. In Koine Greek, it is often used to describe spiritual faith, particularly in God or Christ. As a dative case, it indicates the means, instrument, or recipient of an action, often translated with prepositions like 'by,' 'in,' 'with,' or 'to.'
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΗΣΙΣ, ΕΛΠΙΣ
G3559
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: noo-theh-SEE-ah
Translations: admonition, a warning, instruction, counsel, correction
Notes: This word refers to the act of admonishing, warning, or instructing someone, often with the aim of correcting their behavior or guiding them towards a better path. It implies a gentle but firm form of guidance or reproof, intended for improvement rather than punishment. It can be used in contexts of moral instruction or disciplinary advice.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΙΝΕΣΙΣ, ΕΠΙΤΙΜΙΑ, ΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΙΑ
Etymology: From the Greek verb νουθετέω (noutheteō), meaning 'to put in mind, to warn, to admonish', which is a compound of νοῦς (nous, 'mind') and τίθημι (tithēmi, 'to place, to put'). Thus, it literally means 'a placing in the mind'.
G5281
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hoo-po-mo-NEE
Translations: endurance, patience, perseverance, steadfastness, a patience, an endurance, a perseverance, a steadfastness
Notes: This word refers to the capacity to endure or bear up under difficult circumstances, often with a sense of steadfastness or patient waiting. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΥΠΟ (HYPO), meaning 'under', and the verb ΜΕΝΩ (MENO), meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide'. Thus, it literally means 'a remaining under' or 'a bearing up under'. It describes the quality of not giving in to adversity or suffering, but rather maintaining one's resolve and hope.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΡΤΕΡΙΑ, ΑΝΔΡΙΑ, ΜΑΚΡΟΘΥΜΙΑ
Etymology: From the Greek preposition ΥΠΟ (HYPO), meaning 'under', and the verb ΜΕΝΩ (MENO), meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide'. It describes the act of remaining steadfast under pressure or difficulty.
G3115
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: mah-kroh-thoo-MEE-ah
Translations: patience, longsuffering, endurance, a patience, a longsuffering, an endurance
Notes: This word is a compound noun, combining 'μακρός' (makros), meaning 'long' or 'large', and 'θυμός' (thymos), meaning 'temper', 'passion', or 'spirit'. It refers to the quality of being patient, especially in enduring wrongs or provocations without immediate retaliation or anger. It signifies a long-suffering spirit, a steadfastness in the face of adversity, or a delay in avenging wrongs. It is often used to describe God's patience towards humanity.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΥΠΟΜΟΝΗ, ΑΝΟΧΗ
Etymology: The word ΜΑΚΡΟΘΥΜΙΑ is a compound of two Greek words: μακρός (makros), meaning 'long' or 'large', and θυμός (thymos), meaning 'temper', 'passion', or 'spirit'. It literally means 'long-tempered' or 'long-spirited'.
G0243
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Part of Speech: Prefix
Sounds like: ALL
Translations: other, another, different, foreign
Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.
G1893
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEI
Translations: since, because, for, when, after, inasmuch as
Notes: This word functions as a conjunction or adverb, introducing a clause that provides a reason, cause, or time. As a conjunction, it can mean 'since' or 'because' when indicating a cause, or 'when' or 'after' when indicating time. As an adverb, it can mean 'for' or 'inasmuch as'. It often introduces a dependent clause that explains the main clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΚΑΘΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙΔΗ
Etymology: From the preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, on') and the particle εἰ (ei, 'if'). It originally meant 'upon the condition that' or 'when'.
G3588, G3739, G2228
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection
Sounds like: AY
Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah
Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)
Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.
G0026
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-GAH-pay
Translations: love, a love, charity
Notes: This word refers to a deep, unconditional, and benevolent love, often used in a spiritual or divine sense. It is a selfless and sacrificial love, distinct from other forms of love like eros (romantic love) or philia (friendship love). It can be used to describe God's love for humanity, or the love that believers should have for God and for one another.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΦΙΛΙΑ, ΕΡΩΣ
Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be pre-Greek. It gained prominence in Koine Greek, particularly in the Septuagint and New Testament, where it was chosen to translate the Hebrew word 'ahavah' and to describe a specific kind of divine and selfless love.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.
G1437
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: eh-AH
Translations: if, whether, though, even if
Notes: This word is a conditional conjunction, typically used to introduce a conditional clause. It expresses a condition or supposition, meaning 'if' or 'provided that'. It can also be used to introduce an indirect question, meaning 'whether'. In some contexts, it can convey the sense of 'even if' or 'though'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΙ, ΕΑΝ
Etymology: From the Greek particle εἰ (ei, 'if') and the particle ἄν (an, 'if, perhaps'). It is a contraction of the two, forming a conditional conjunction.
G1691
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MEH
Translations: me
Notes: This word is the first-person singular pronoun 'me' in the accusative case. It is used as the direct object of a verb or as the object of certain prepositions, indicating the recipient of an action or the object being affected.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, First Person
Etymology: The word ΜΕ (me) derives from the ancient Greek first-person singular pronoun. Its form has remained largely consistent throughout various stages of the Greek language.
G4623
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: see-oh-PAHN
Translations: to be silent, to keep silent, to be quiet, to hold one's peace
Notes: This word means to be silent or to keep quiet. It is often used in the context of refraining from speaking or making noise. It can be used to describe a person who is silent, or a situation where silence is maintained. It is an infinitive form of the verb.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΣΙΓΑΩ, ΗΣΥΧΑΖΩ
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toh
Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that
Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.
G4301
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pro-E-la-bon
Translations: I took beforehand, I anticipated, I came before, I seized beforehand, I prevented, I outran
Notes: This word is the first person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb προλαμβάνω (prolambanō). It is a compound word formed from πρό (pro), meaning 'before', and λαμβάνω (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'. Therefore, it generally means 'to take or seize beforehand', 'to anticipate', 'to come before', or 'to prevent'. It can be used to describe an action that occurs prior to another, either in time or in order, or to describe someone getting ahead of another.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΦΘΑΝΩ, ΠΡΟΦΘΑΝΩ, ΠΡΟΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ
G3870
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Part of Speech: Infinitive Verb
Sounds like: pah-rah-kah-LEH-in
Translations: to call to one's side, to exhort, to comfort, to encourage, to appeal, to beseech, to implore
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from 'παρά' (para, 'beside, alongside') and 'καλέω' (kaleo, 'to call'). It means to call someone to one's side, often with the intention of offering comfort, encouragement, or exhortation. It can also mean to appeal to someone, to beg, or to implore them. Its usage varies depending on the context, ranging from gentle encouragement to urgent pleading.
Inflection: Present Active Infinitive
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΤΡΕΠΕΙΝ, ΠΑΡΑΜΥΘΕΙΣΘΑΙ, ΔΕΕΣΘΑΙ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek 'παρά' (para, 'beside, alongside') and 'καλέω' (kaleo, 'to call'). The combination implies calling someone to one's side for a specific purpose, such as help, comfort, or instruction.
G5210
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hoo-MAS
Translations: you, you all
Notes: This is a second-person plural personal pronoun, meaning 'you' or 'you all'. It is in the accusative case, indicating that it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used in a sentence like 'He saw you all'.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Second Person, All genders
G3704
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OH-pos
Translations: how, as, that, in order that, so that
Notes: This word functions as both a conjunction and an adverb. As a conjunction, it introduces clauses of purpose or result, meaning 'in order that' or 'so that'. As an adverb, it describes manner, meaning 'how' or 'as'. Its specific meaning often depends on the context of the sentence.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΙΝΑ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΩΣ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ὡς (hōs, 'as') and πώς (pōs, 'somehow').
G4936
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soon-TREH-kheh-teh
Translations: run together, assemble, concur, agree, cooperate
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb 'τρέχω' (trecho), meaning 'to run'. Therefore, it literally means 'to run together'. It is used to describe people gathering or assembling, or metaphorically, to describe ideas or plans that concur or agree with one another. It can imply cooperation or a shared purpose.
Inflection: 2nd Person Plural, Present, Active, Subjunctive
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΕΩ, ΣΥΜΦΩΝΕΩ
Etymology: The word ΣΥΝΤΡΕΧΩ is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΤΡΕΧΩ (trecho), meaning 'to run'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAY
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which
Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.
G1106
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: gno-MAY
Translations: mind, purpose, opinion, counsel, judgment, a mind, a purpose, an opinion, a counsel, a judgment
Notes: This word refers to one's mind, purpose, opinion, or judgment. It can describe a decision, a resolution, or a way of thinking. It is often used to express a personal view or a collective agreement on a matter.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΗ, ΔΙΑΝΟΙΑ, ΚΡΙΣΙΣ
Etymology: From the root of γιγνώσκω (gignōskō), meaning 'to know' or 'to perceive'. It refers to the faculty of knowing or judging.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAY-oo
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΘΕΟΣ' (theos), meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, the genitive case often indicates possession, origin, or relationship, similar to the English 'of' or the possessive apostrophe 's'. Therefore, 'ΘΕΟΥ' typically translates to 'of God' or 'of a god', depending on the context. It can refer to the one true God or to a pagan deity.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G2424
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-ay-SOOS
Translations: Jesus, Joshua
Notes: This is a proper name, transliterated from the Hebrew name Yeshua or Yehoshua. It refers to the central figure of Christianity, Jesus Christ, or to Joshua, the successor of Moses in the Old Testament. It is used to identify a specific individual.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative
Etymology: The Koine Greek name Ἰησοῦς (Iēsous) is a transliteration of the Hebrew name יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (Yehoshua), meaning 'Yahweh is salvation' or 'Yahweh saves'. It is also related to the shorter form יֵשׁוּעַ (Yeshua).
G5547
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Noun
Sounds like: khree-STOSS
Translations: Christ, Anointed One, Messiah, a Christ, an Anointed One
Notes: This word refers to the 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. In the New Testament, it is predominantly used as a title for Jesus, identifying him as the promised Messiah. It can also be used more generally to refer to anyone who has been anointed, such as a king or priest.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ
Etymology: From the Koine Greek verb χρίω (chriō), meaning 'to anoint'. The noun form refers to someone who has been anointed, typically for a special office or purpose.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G0087
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-dee-AH-kree-ton
Translations: undistinguished, without distinction, impartial, unadulterated, sincere, unmixed, pure
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'undistinguished' or 'without distinction'. It is often used to describe something that is pure, sincere, or impartial, without any mixture or bias. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'α-' (alpha privative, meaning 'not') and 'διακρίνω' (diakrinō), meaning 'to distinguish' or 'to separate'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΚΕΡΑΙΟΣ, ΑΜΙΓΗΣ, ΑΝΥΠΟΚΡΙΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word is derived from the negative prefix 'ἀ-' (a-, 'not') and 'διακρίνω' (diakrinō, 'to distinguish, to separate'). It literally means 'not distinguished' or 'not separated'.
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hay-MOHN
Translations: of us, our
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of us' or 'our'. It indicates possession or origin related to a group of speakers. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of us' or 'our house'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, First Person
G2198
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Part of Speech: Infinitive Verb
Sounds like: ZAYN
Translations: to live, to be alive
Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'to live'. It signifies the act of living or being alive, often in a continuous sense. It is used to express the purpose or result of an action, or as the subject or object of another verb.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active
Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary verb, which is probably of uncertain affinity. It refers to the act of living or being alive.
G3962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PAH-tros
Translations: of a father, of the father, of a parent, of the parent, of God, of the Lord
Notes: This word refers to a father or parent. It is used to indicate possession or origin, often translated as 'of a father' or 'of the father'. In a theological context, it can refer to God as the Father.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΝΗΤΩΡ, ΠΡΟΓΟΝΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G1985
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ep-IS-kop-oy
Translations: overseers, supervisors, superintendents, bishops
Notes: This word refers to those who oversee or supervise. It describes someone who has a position of authority and responsibility, looking after or managing a group of people or a task. In some contexts, especially in early Christian writings, it can refer to a bishop or spiritual leader.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΕΔΡΟΙ, ΗΓΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ, ΠΟΙΜΕΝΕΣ
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: KAH-tah
Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along
Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G4009
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: peh-RAH-tah
Translations: ends, boundaries, limits, extremities
Notes: This word refers to the outermost points, boundaries, or limits of something. It is often used to describe the 'ends of the earth' or the 'ends of the heavens,' indicating the furthest reaches or extremities of a place or concept.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΡΙΑ, ΤΕΛΗ, ΕΣΧΑΤΑ
Etymology: The word 'ΠΕΡΑΣ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to pass through, to cross over.' It is related to words signifying passage or completion.
G3724
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: oh-ris-THEN-tes
Translations: having been appointed, having been determined, having been designated, having been defined
Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle, meaning 'having been appointed' or 'having been determined'. It describes an action that was completed in the past and whose result is still relevant. It indicates that the subjects of the verb were the recipients of the action of being appointed, determined, or designated by an external agent. It can function adjectivally or adverbially in a sentence.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΟΡΙΣΘΕΝΤΕΣ, ΤΕΤΑΓΜΕΝΟΙ, ΔΙΟΡΙΣΘΕΝΤΕΣ
G5547
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: khri-STOO
Translations: of Christ, of the Anointed One, of the Messiah
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ' (Christos), meaning 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. It refers to the one chosen and consecrated by God, particularly Jesus. As a genitive case, 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥ' indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated as 'of Christ' or 'belonging to Christ'. It can be used to describe something that pertains to Christ or is from Christ.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ, ΕΚΛΕΚΤΟΣ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-sin
Translations: are
Notes: This word is the third person plural form of the verb 'to be'. It means 'they are' or 'there are'. It is used to describe the state or existence of multiple subjects, similar to how 'are' is used in English. For example, 'The men are here' or 'There are many books'.
Inflection: Third person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΥΣΙΝ, ΓΙΝΟΝΤΑΙ
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