The Didache Chapter 12, Interlinear version from Twelve Disciples (Beta)

The Didache, Chapter 12

Interlinear version from Twelve Disciples (Beta)

12:1
12:2
12:3
12:4
12:5

12:1

ΠΑΣ
- PAS
- every
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
Ο
- O
- the-one
ἘΡΧΟΜΕΝΟΣ
- ERCHOMENOS
- coming
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ὈΝΟΜΑΤΙ
- ONOMATI
- name
ΚΥΡΙΟΥ
- KYRIOU
- of-Lord
ΔΕΧΘΗΤΩ
- DECHTHĒTŌ
- let-him-be-received
ἘΠΕΙΤΑ
- EPEITA
- then
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ΔΟΚΙΜΑΣΑΝΤΕΣ
- DOKIMASANTES
- having-tested
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΝ
- AUTON
- him
ΓΝΩΣΕΣΘΕ
- GNŌSESTHE
- you-will-know
ΣΥΝΕΣΙΝ
- SYNESIN
- understanding
ΓΑΡ
- GAR
- for
ΕΞΕΤΕ
- EXETE
- you-will-have
ΔΕΞΙΑΝ
- DEXIAN
- right
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ἈΡΙΣΤΕΡΑΝ
- ARISTERAN
- left

12:2

ΕἸ
- EI
- if
ΜΕΝ
- MEN
- indeed
ΠΑΡΟΔΙΟΣ
- PARODIOS
- passing-through
ἘΣΤΙΝ
- ESTIN
- he-is
Ο
- O
- the-one
ἘΡΧΟΜΕΝΟΣ
- ERCHOMENOS
- coming
ΒΟΗΘΕΙΤΕ
- BOĒTHEITE
- help
ΑΥ̓ΤΩ
- AUTŌ
- to-him
ΟΣΟΝ
- OSON
- as-much-as
ΔΥΝΑΣΘΕ
- DYNASTHE
- you-are-able
ΟΥ̓
- OU
- not
ΜΕΝΕΙ
- MENEI
- he-remains
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ΠΡΟΣ
- PROS
- with
ΥΜΑΣ
- YMAS
- you
ΕἸ
- EI
- if
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ΔΥΟ
- DYO
- two
Ἠ
- Ē
- or
ΤΡΕΙΣ
- TREIS
- three
ΗΜΕΡΑΣ
- ĒMERAS
- days
ἘΑΝ
- EAN
- if
Ἠ
- Ē
- there-is
ἈΝΑΓΚΗ
- ANAGKĒ
- necessity

12:3

ΕἸ
- EI
- if
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ΘΕΛΕΙ
- THELEI
- he-wishes
ΠΡΟΣ
- PROS
- with
ΥΜΑΣ
- YMAS
- you
ΚΑΘΗΣΘΑΙ
- KATHĒSTHAI
- to-sit
ΤΕΧΝΙΤΗΣ
- TECHNITĒS
- [a] craftsman
ὨΝ
- ŌN
- being
ἘΡΓΑΖΕΣΘΩ
- ERGAZESTHŌ
- let-him-work
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΦΑΓΕΤΩ
- PHAGETŌ
- let-him-eat

12:4

ΕἸ
- EI
- if
ΔΕ
- DE
- but
ΟΥ̓Κ
- OUK
- not
ἘΧΕΙ
- ECHEI
- he-has
ΤΕΧΝΗΝ
- TECHNĒN
- skill
ΚΑΤΑ
- KATA
- according-to
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ΣΥΝΕΣΙΝ
- SYNESIN
- understanding
ΥΜΩΝ
- YMŌN
- of-you
ΠΡΟΝΟΗΣΑΤΕ
- PRONOĒSATE
- provide-for
ΠΩΣ
- PŌS
- how
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ἈΡΓΟΣ
- ARGOS
- idle
ΜΕΘ
- METH
- with
ΥΜΩΝ
- YMŌN
- you
ΖΗΣΕΤΑΙ
- ZĒSETAI
- he-will-live
ΧΡΙΣΤΙΑΝΟΣ
- CHRISTIANOS
- Anointed-One-follower

12:5

ΕἸ
- EI
- if
Δ
- D
- but
ΟΥ̓
- OU
- not
ΘΕΛΕΙ
- THELEI
- he-wishes
ΟΥΤΩ
- OUTŌ
- thus
ΠΟΙΕΙΝ
- POIEIN
- to-do
ΧΡΙΣΤΕΜΠΡΟΣ
- CHRISTEMPROS
- (misspelling of) Christ-before
ἘΣΤΙ
- ESTI
- he-is
ΠΡΟΣΕΧΕΤΕ
- PROSECHETE
- pay-attention
ἈΠΟ
- APO
- from
ΤΩΝ
- TŌN
- the
ΤΟΙΟΥΤΩΝ
- TOIOUTŌN
- such

G3956

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PAS

Translations: all, every, whole, any, a whole

Notes: This word means 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate totality or completeness. It can refer to every single item in a group, or the entirety of something. For example, 'all people' or 'the whole house'. It often takes on the meaning of 'every' when used with a singular noun, and 'all' when used with a plural noun. It can also mean 'any' in certain contexts.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'all' or 'every' in various Indo-European languages.

G1161

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G2064

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ER-kho-me-nos

Translations: coming, one who comes, he who comes, about to come

Notes: This word is a present participle derived from the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. As a participle, it describes an ongoing action. It can function adjectivally, meaning 'coming' or 'approaching', or substantively, meaning 'the one who comes' or 'he who is coming'. It is often used in a messianic sense to refer to a future figure.

Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΗΚΩΝ, ΠΑΡΩΝ

G1722

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G2962

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOO-ree-OO

Translations: of Lord, of the Lord, of God, of the Master

Notes: This word refers to a lord, master, or owner. In religious contexts, particularly in the Septuagint and New Testament, it is frequently used to refer to God or Jesus Christ, often as a title of reverence and authority. It can be used in sentences like 'the house of the Lord' or 'the word of the Lord'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΘΕΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (kyrios) derives from the root κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'power, authority'. It originally referred to someone who possessed authority or control, such as a master or owner, and later evolved to be used as a title for deities or rulers.

G1899

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEY-tah

Translations: then, afterward, next, after that, thereupon

Notes: This word is a temporal adverb meaning 'then' or 'afterward'. It is used to indicate a sequence of events, showing that one action or state follows another in time. It can introduce the next step in a narrative or a logical progression.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἘΠΕΙ, ἘΠΕΙΔΗ, ἘΠΙΤΟ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, after') and the particle εἶτα (eita, 'then, next'). It signifies a temporal sequence, indicating what comes after something else.

G1381

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: doh-kee-MAH-san-tes

Translations: having tested, having examined, having approved, having discerned, having proved

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'δοκιμάζω', meaning to test, examine, or prove something or someone to determine its genuineness or worth. It implies a process of scrutiny leading to approval or discernment. It is used to describe an action that has already occurred, often setting the stage for a subsequent action.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΕΙΡΑΖΩ, ΕΞΕΤΑΖΩ, ΔΙΑΚΡΙΝΩ

G1097

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: gno-SEH-stheh

Translations: you will know, you will come to know, you will perceive, you will understand

Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to know' or 'to come to know'. It is used to indicate a future action of gaining knowledge, understanding, or recognition. It implies a process of learning or becoming acquainted with something, rather than just having information. It is often used in contexts where someone will discover or realize a truth.

Inflection: Future Indicative, Middle Voice, Second Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΟΙΔΑ, ΣΥΝΙΗΜΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to know'. It is related to the English word 'know' and Latin 'gnoscere'.

G1063

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Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G1519, G1487, G1488

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: E

Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are

Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).

G3303

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G3938

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: pah-ROH-dee-os

Translations: passing by, transient, a passer-by, a traveler, a wayfarer

Notes: This word describes someone or something that is passing by or along a road. It can refer to a person who is a traveler or wayfarer, or it can describe something that is transient or temporary. It is often used to denote someone who is not staying long in a place.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΟΔΟΣ, ΔΙΑΒΑΤΗΣ, ΟΔΟΙΠΟΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek παρά (para, "beside, by") and ὁδός (hodos, "road, way"), literally meaning "beside the road" or "passing along the road."

G0846

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G3745

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb

Sounds like: OH-son

Translations: as much as, as many as, as great as, how much, how many, how great, as far as, as long as, as soon as, as

Notes: This word is a relative adjective or pronominal adjective, meaning 'as much as' or 'as many as'. It is often used to indicate quantity, extent, or degree. When used as an adverb, it can mean 'as far as', 'as long as', or 'as soon as'. It can introduce a clause that specifies a measure or comparison. For example, 'as much as you want' or 'as many people as there are'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΠΟΣΟΣ, ΗΛΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun *ho* (the) and the suffix -sos, indicating quantity or measure. It is related to ὅς (hos, 'who, which') and τοσοῦτος (tosoutos, 'so great, so much').

G1410

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: doo-NAH-stheh

Translations: you are able, you can, you may, you all are able, you all can, you all may

Notes: This word means 'to be able', 'to have power', or 'to be strong enough'. It is often used in conjunction with an infinitive verb, indicating the ability or capacity to perform an action. For example, 'you are able to do something'. It can also imply permission or possibility.

Inflection: Second Person, Plural, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΩ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΩ

Etymology: The word δύναμαι (dynamai) comes from the root δύνα- (dyna-), meaning 'power' or 'ability'. It is related to words like δύναμις (dynamis, 'power') and δυνατός (dynatos, 'powerful').

G4314

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G3361

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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G2228, G3588

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

G1437

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-AHN

Translations: if, when, whenever, although

Notes: ἘΑΝ is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It typically takes the subjunctive mood, indicating a condition that is possible, probable, or hypothetical. It can be translated as 'if', 'when', or 'whenever', depending on the nuance of the condition, and sometimes 'although' in concessive clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ, ὍΤΑΝ

Etymology: ἘΑΝ is a contraction of the conditional particle εἰ (ei, 'if') and the modal particle ἄν (an), which adds a sense of contingency or possibility to the condition.

G0318

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-nahg-KAY

Translations: necessity, compulsion, distress, trouble, need, a necessity

Notes: This word refers to a state of necessity, compulsion, or distress. It can describe an unavoidable obligation or a difficult situation that causes hardship. It is often used to denote a pressing need or an unavoidable circumstance.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΘΛΙΨΙΣ, ΣΤΕΝΟΧΩΡΙΑ

Etymology: From a compound of ἀνά (ana, 'up, again') and ἄγκη (ankē, 'a bend, a curve'), referring to a bending or constraint. It denotes that which compels or constrains.

G2521

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ka-THEES-thai

Translations: to sit, to be seated, to remain, to dwell, to live

Notes: This word is the present infinitive form of the verb 'καθῆμαι' (kathēmai), meaning 'to sit' or 'to be seated'. It can also convey the sense of remaining, dwelling, or living in a place. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often used after other verbs or prepositions to express purpose or result, such as 'to sit down' or 'in order to sit'.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΕΥΔΩ, ΟΙΚΕΩ, ΜΕΝΩ

G5079

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: tekh-NEE-tace

Translations: craftsman, artisan, builder, worker, a craftsman, an artisan, a builder, a worker

Notes: This word refers to a skilled worker or master of a craft, someone who practices an art or trade. It can describe anyone from a builder or architect to a sculptor or musician, emphasizing their expertise and proficiency in their particular skill.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΗΜΙΟΥΡΓΟΣ, ΕΡΓΑΤΗΣ

Etymology: From the Koine Greek word τέχνη (technē), meaning 'art, skill, craft', combined with the suffix -ίτης (-itēs), which denotes a person associated with or practicing something. Thus, it refers to one who practices a craft.

G5315

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: fah-GEH-toh

Translations: let him eat, he must eat, he should eat

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to eat' or 'to consume'. It is used here in the imperative mood, indicating a command or instruction for someone to eat. It specifically refers to a third person singular subject, meaning 'let him/her/it eat'.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Imperative

Synonyms: ΕΣΘΙΩ, ΒΙΒΡΩΣΚΩ

Etymology: The word φάγω (phagō) comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to eat'. It is a common verb in Koine Greek and is used extensively in the New Testament and Septuagint.

G3756

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G5078

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: TEKH-neen

Translations: art, a skill, skill, a craft, craft, a trade, trade

Notes: This word refers to an art, skill, craft, or trade. It denotes a practical ability or knowledge, often involving a specific technique or profession. It can be used to describe the expertise required for a particular occupation or the product of such skill.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΗ, ΣΟΦΙΑ, ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *teks- meaning 'to weave, to fabricate, to make'. It is related to words like 'textile' and 'technical'.

G2596

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G4306

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pro-no-EE-sah-teh

Translations: provide for, take thought for, foresee, make provision

Notes: This word means to think ahead, to make preparations, or to take care of something in advance. It implies a sense of foresight and planning. It is often used in the context of providing for someone's needs or ensuring a good outcome.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Imperative, Second Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΟΜΑΙ, ΦΡΟΝΤΙΖΩ

Etymology: The word προνοέω (pronoéō) is a compound word formed from πρό (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of', and νοέω (noéō), meaning 'to perceive', 'to think', or 'to understand'. Thus, it literally means 'to think beforehand' or 'to perceive in advance'.

G0692

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AR-gos

Translations: idle, lazy, useless, unprofitable, inactive, barren, a barren

Notes: This word describes something or someone as idle, lazy, or inactive. It can also refer to something that is useless, unprofitable, or barren. It is often used to describe a person who is not working or producing, or a thing that serves no purpose. It is a compound word, formed from the negative prefix 'α-' (not) and 'ἔργον' (work), literally meaning 'without work'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΡΓΕΩ, ἈΚΑΡΠΟΣ, ἈΠΡΑΚΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΡΓΟΣ is a compound of the negative prefix 'α-' (alpha privative, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'ἔργον' (ergon), meaning 'work' or 'deed'. Thus, it literally means 'without work' or 'inactive'.

G3326

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: meth

Translations: with, after, among, by, in company with

Notes: This is an elided form of the preposition 'μετά' (meta), which means 'with' or 'after'. The final alpha (α) is dropped when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark (indicated by the 'θ' which is the first letter of the following word in the examples, 'θύμου'). It indicates association, accompaniment, or sequence in time or order. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'after' or 'behind'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition, but this is an elided form)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- (among, with, in the middle of).

G5546

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: khris-tee-ah-NOS

Translations: Christian, a Christian

Notes: This word refers to a follower of Christ, or someone who belongs to Christ. It is used to identify individuals who adhere to the teachings and person of Jesus Christ. It functions as a descriptive term for a believer.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΑΘΗΤΗΣ, ΠΙΣΤΟΣ, ΑΓΙΟΣ

Etymology: This word is derived from the Greek word Χριστός (Christos), meaning 'Christ' or 'Anointed One', with the addition of the Latin suffix -ianus, which denotes belonging or adherence. Thus, it literally means 'one belonging to Christ'.

G3779

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OO-toh

Translations: thus, so, in this way, in like manner

Notes: This word is an adverb of manner, indicating how something is done or the way in which something occurs. It can also refer to the extent or degree of something. It is often used to introduce a consequence or a comparison, meaning 'in this way' or 'thus'. It is an older form of ΟΥΤΩΣ, and both forms are used interchangeably in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥΤΩΣ, ΩΣ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos, 'this'). It indicates 'in this manner' or 'thus', referring back to something previously mentioned or implied.

G4160

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: poy-EH-in

Translations: to do, to make, to produce, to create, to perform, to accomplish, to bring about

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. It is a very common verb in Koine Greek and can be used in a wide range of contexts, from physical actions like making something, to abstract actions like performing a deed or bringing something about. It often indicates the execution of an action or the creation of an object.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word 'ποιέω' (poieō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to an old root meaning 'to make' or 'to create'.

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: khree-STEM-pros

Translations: against Christ, anti-Christ, a person against Christ

Notes: This word is a compound word, combining 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ' (Christ) and 'ΕΜΠΡΟΣ' (in front of, before, forward). While 'ἔμπροσθεν' (emprosthen) often means 'in front of' or 'before' in a spatial or temporal sense, in compounds, 'ἐμπρός' can take on a sense of opposition or being 'against' when combined with a person or entity, especially in a theological context. Therefore, 'Χριστέμπρος' likely refers to someone who is 'against Christ' or an 'anti-Christ'. It describes a person or entity that opposes or stands in opposition to Christ.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

G4337

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-EKH-eh-teh

Translations: pay attention, take heed, beware, give heed, attend to, apply oneself

Notes: This word means to direct one's mind or attention towards something, to be cautious, or to apply oneself diligently. It is often used in the imperative mood to give a command or warning, urging someone to be careful or to listen closely. It can also mean to hold to or devote oneself to something.

Inflection: Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΧΕΙΝ, ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΙΣΘΑΙ, ΦΥΛΑΣΣΕΣΘΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΠΡΟΣ (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb ΕΧΩ (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. Thus, it literally means 'to hold towards' or 'to direct towards'.

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