Polycarp’s Letter to the Philippians Chapter 3, Interlinear version from Polycarp of Smyrna (Beta)

Polycarp’s Letter to the Philippians, Chapter 3

Interlinear version from Polycarp of Smyrna (Beta)

3:1

ΤΑΥΤΑ
- TAUTA
- these-things
ἈΔΕΛΦΟΙ
- ADELPHOI
- brothers
ΟΥ̓Κ
- OUK
- not
ἘΜΑΥΤΩ
- EMAUTŌ
- to-myself
ἘΠΤΡΕΨΑΣ
- EPTREPSAS
- I-allowed
ΓΡΑΦΩ
- GRAPHŌ
- I-write
ΥΜΙΝ
- YMIN
- to-you
ΠΕΡΙ
- PERI
- concerning
ΤΗΣ
- TĒS
- the
ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣΥΝΗΣ
- DIKAIOSYNĒS
- righteousness
ἈΛΛ
- ALL
- but
ἘΠΕΙ
- EPEI
- since
ΥΜΕΙΣ
- YMEIS
- you
ΠΡΟΕΠΕΚΑΛΕΣΑΣΘΕ
- PROEPEKALESASTHE
- called-upon
ΜΕ
- ME
- me

3:2

ΟΥ̓ΤΕ
- OUTE
- neither
ΓΑΡ
- GAR
- for
ἘΓΩ
- EGŌ
- I
ΟΥ̓ΤΕ
- OUTE
- nor
ἈΛΛΟΣ
- ALLOS
- another
ΟΜΟΙΟΣ
- OMOIOS
- like
ἘΜΟΙ
- EMOI
- to-me
ΔΥΝΑΤΑΙ
- DYNATAI
- is-able
ΚΑΤΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΗΣΑΙ
- KATAKOLOUTHĒSAI
- to-follow-closely
ΤΗ
- TĒ
- to-the
ΣΟΦΙΑ
- SOPHIA
- wisdom
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- of-the
ΜΑΚΑΡΙΟΥ
- MAKARIOU
- blessed
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ἘΝΔΟΞΟΥ
- ENDOXOU
- glorious
ΠΑΥΛΟΥ
- PAULOU
- Paul
ΟΣ
- OS
- who
ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ
- GENOMENOS
- having-been
ἘΝ
- EN
- among
ΥΜΙΝ
- YMIN
- you
ΚΑΤΑ
- KATA
- according-to
ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΝ
- PROSŌPON
- face
ΤΩΝ
- TŌN
- of-the
ΤΟΤΕ
- TOTE
- then
ἈΝΘΡΩΠΩΝ
- ANTHRŌPŌN
- people
ἘΔΙΔΑΞΕΝ
- EDIDAXEN
- taught
ἈΚΡΙΒΩΣ
- AKRIBŌS
- accurately
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΒΕΒΑΙΩΣ
- BEBAIŌS
- firmly
ΤΟΝ
- TON
- the
ΠΕΡΙ
- PERI
- concerning
ἈΛΗΘΕΙΑΣ
- ALĒTHEIAS
- truth
ΛΟΓΟΝ
- LOGON
- word
ΟΣ
- OS
- who
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- also
ἈΠΩΝ
- APŌN
- being-absent
ΥΜΙΝ
- YMIN
- to-you
ἘΓΡΑΨΕΝ
- EGRAPSEN
- wrote
ἘΠΙΣΤΟΛΑΣ
- EPISTOLAS
- letters
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- into
ΑΣ
- AS
- which
ἘΑΝ
- EAN
- if
ΕΓΚΥΠΤΗΤΕ
- EGKYPTĒTE
- you-look-into
ΔΥΝΗΘΗΣΕΣΘΕ
- DYNĒTHĒSESTHE
- you-will-be-able
ΟἸΚΟΔΟΜΕΙΣΘΑΙ
- OIKODOMEISTHAI
- to-be-built-up
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- into
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ΔΟΘΕΙΣΑΝ
- DOTHEISAN
- given
ΥΜΙΝ
- YMIN
- to-you
ΠΙΣΤΙΝ
- PISTIN
- faith

3:3

ΗΤΙΣ
- ĒTIS
- which
ἘΣΤΙΝ
- ESTIN
- is
ΜΗΤΗΡ
- MĒTĒR
- mother
ΠΑΝΤΩΝ
- PANTŌN
- of-all
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- of-us
ἘΠΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΟΥΣΗΣ
- EPAKOLOUTHOUSĒS
- following
ΤΗΣ
- TĒS
- the
ἘΛΠΙΔΟΣ
- ELPIDOS
- hope
ΠΡΟΑΓΟΥΣΗΣ
- PROAGOUSĒS
- leading-forward
ΤΗΣ
- TĒS
- the
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- to
ΘΕΟΝ
- THEON
- God
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΧΡΙΣΤΟΝ
- CHRISTON
- Anointed-One
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- to
ΤΟΝ
- TON
- the
ΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ
- PLĒSION
- neighbor
ἘΑΝ
- EAN
- if
ΓΑΡ
- GAR
- for
ΤΙΣ
- TIS
- anyone
ΤΟΥΤΩΝ
- TOUTŌN
- of-these
ἘΝΤΟΣ
- ENTOS
- within
Ἠ
- Ē
- or
ΠΕΠΛΗΡΩΚΕΝ
- PEPLĒRŌKEN
- has-fulfilled
ἘΝΤΟΛΗΝ
- ENTOLĒN
- commandment
ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣΥΝΗΣ
- DIKAIOSYNĒS
- of-righteousness
Ο
- O
- the
ΓΑΡ
- GAR
- for
ἘΧΩΝ
- ECHŌN
- having
ἈΓΑΠΗΝ
- AGAPĒN
- love
ΜΑΚΡΑΝ
- MAKRAN
- far
ἘΣΤΙΝ
- ESTIN
- is
ΠΑΣΗΣ
- PASĒS
- of-all
ΑΜΑΡΤΙΑΣ
- AMARTIAS
- sin

G3756

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G1125

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: GRA-foh

Translations: I write, I draw, I record, I inscribe

Notes: This verb means 'to write' or 'to draw'. It is commonly used to describe the act of putting words or symbols onto a surface, such as paper or a tablet. It can also refer to the act of recording information or composing a text.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΡΑΦΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΩ, ΑΝΑΓΡΑΦΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *gerbh- 'to scratch, to carve'. In ancient Greek, it evolved to mean 'to scratch, to draw, to write'.

G4012

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G3588

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G1343

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-kah-yoh-SOO-nays

Translations: of righteousness, of justice, of a righteousness, of a justice

Notes: This word refers to the quality of being morally right, just, or righteous. It encompasses both the state of being right with God and the act of doing what is right. It is often used in a theological context to describe divine justice or human uprightness.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΕΙΑ, ΕΥΘΥΤΗΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word δίκαιος (dikaios), meaning 'just' or 'righteous', combined with the suffix -σύνη (-synē), which forms abstract nouns, indicating a state or quality.

G0243

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G1893

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEI

Translations: since, because, for, when, after, inasmuch as

Notes: This word functions as a conjunction or adverb, introducing a clause that provides a reason, cause, or time. As a conjunction, it can mean 'since' or 'because' when indicating a cause, or 'when' or 'after' when indicating time. As an adverb, it can mean 'for' or 'inasmuch as'. It often introduces a dependent clause that explains the main clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΚΑΘΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙΔΗ

Etymology: From the preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, on') and the particle εἰ (ei, 'if'). It originally meant 'upon the condition that' or 'when'.

G1063

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G1473

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-GOH

Translations: I, me

Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.

G0243

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AL-los

Translations: other, another, different, a different

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to refer to something distinct or different from what has already been mentioned or is currently under consideration. It can be used to distinguish one item from a group or to introduce a new, separate item.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ἙΤΕΡΟΣ, ΛΟΙΠΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is cognate with Latin alius and English 'else'.

G3664

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ho-MOY-os

Translations: like, similar, a like, a similar

Notes: This word describes something that is similar to or resembles something else. It is used to compare two or more things, indicating that they share common characteristics or appearance. For example, it can be used to say 'like him' or 'similar to God'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter; can also be other cases and plural. It inflects for gender, number, and case.

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΠΛΗΣΙΟΣ, ΙΣΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙΤΥΠΟΣ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *somH- 'same, one'. It is related to words meaning 'same' or 'together'.

G2628

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-tah-koh-loo-THEH-sai

Translations: to follow, to follow after, to accompany, to attend

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'according to') and the verb ἀκολουθέω (akoloutheō, meaning 'to follow'). It means to follow closely, to accompany, or to attend someone or something. It implies a close or persistent following, often with the purpose of accompanying or serving. It can be used in various contexts, such as following a person, a law, or wisdom.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΕΩ, ΕΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΝΕΠΟΜΑΙ

G3588

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G3588, G3778

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G3107

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: mah-KAH-ree-oo

Translations: of blessed, of happy, of fortunate

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'blessed,' 'happy,' or 'fortunate.' It describes someone who is in an enviable state, often due to divine favor or inner contentment. It is used to describe the state of being truly happy or blessed, often in a spiritual sense. As a genitive form, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of the blessed one' or 'belonging to the happy one.'

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΥΛΟΓΗΤΟΣ, ΟΛΒΙΟΣ

G2532

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G3739

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction

Sounds like: HOS

Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when

Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.

G1096

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-NO-meh-nos

Translations: having become, being, happened, arisen, a having become, a being

Notes: This word is an aorist middle participle of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become', 'to happen', or 'to come into being'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or is completed in relation to the main verb of the sentence. It can be translated as 'having become', 'being', or 'when he/it became'. It often indicates a state or condition resulting from a past action.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΕΓΕΝΗΘΗ

G1722

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G2596

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G4383

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pros-OH-pon

Translations: face, a face, presence, person, appearance

Notes: This word refers to the face of a person or animal. It can also denote one's presence or appearance, or even a person themselves, especially in a formal or legal context. It is used to describe physical features as well as the impression or aspect someone presents.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΜΟΡΦΗ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek πρός (pros, "to, towards") and ὤψ (ōps, "eye, face"). It literally means "that which is towards the eye" or "that which is before the eye."

G5119

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TOH-teh

Translations: then, at that time, at that moment, thereupon, therefore

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that time'. It is used to indicate a point in time, often referring to a past or future event that follows another. It can also be used to introduce a consequence or result, similar to 'therefore' or 'in that case'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΤΕ is a primary adverb, meaning it is not derived from another word in Greek. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'το' (this/that).

G0444

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ahn-throh-POHN

Translations: (of) men, (of) people, (of) humankind

Notes: ἈΝΘΡΩΠΩΝ is the genitive plural form of the noun ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ, which means 'man', 'human being', or 'person'. This form is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, translating to 'of men' or 'of people'. It refers to human beings in general, often distinguishing them from God or other creatures.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΛΑΟΣ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek, likely a compound of ἀνήρ (anēr, 'man') and ὤψ (ōps, 'face, eye'), possibly meaning 'one who looks up' or 'one with a human face'.

G1519

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G1437

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-AHN

Translations: if, when, whenever, although

Notes: ἘΑΝ is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It typically takes the subjunctive mood, indicating a condition that is possible, probable, or hypothetical. It can be translated as 'if', 'when', or 'whenever', depending on the nuance of the condition, and sometimes 'although' in concessive clauses.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ, ὍΤΑΝ

Etymology: ἘΑΝ is a contraction of the conditional particle εἰ (ei, 'if') and the modal particle ἄν (an), which adds a sense of contingency or possibility to the condition.

G3618

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oy-ko-do-MEH-sthai

Translations: to be built, to be constructed, to be edified, to be established

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to build' or 'to construct', but in this form, it is in the passive voice, meaning 'to be built' or 'to be constructed'. It can also be used metaphorically to mean 'to edify' or 'to establish', referring to the building up of a person or community. As an infinitive, it functions like a noun, often translated with 'to' before the verb.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΤΙΖΩ, ΑΝΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ

G3588

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G1325

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: doh-THEY-san

Translations: given, having been given, that which was given, a given thing

Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle derived from the verb ΔΙΔΩΜΙ (didomi), meaning 'to give'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred and was received by the subject. In this form, it means 'having been given' or 'that which was given', indicating something that was the recipient of the action of giving.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Feminine, Accusative, Singular

Synonyms: ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΗΝ, ΠΑΡΑΔΟΘΕΙΣΑΝ

Etymology: The word ΔΙΔΩΜΙ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to give'. It is a reduplicated present stem, a common feature in ancient Greek verbs.

G3748

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: HEE-tis

Translations: who, which, whoever, whichever, whatever

Notes: ΗΤΙΣ is a relative pronoun, used to introduce a clause that describes a preceding noun. It is a compound word formed from the definite article and the indefinite pronoun. It functions similarly to 'who' or 'which' in English, often providing additional information about a person or thing. It is used in a descriptive sense, often emphasizing the quality or characteristic of the antecedent.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ

Etymology: This word is a compound of the feminine definite article 'ἡ' (he) and the indefinite pronoun 'τις' (tis). It developed in Koine Greek to provide a more emphatic or descriptive relative pronoun than the simple 'ὅς' (hos).

G1872

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ep-ak-oh-loo-THOO-sees

Translations: (of) following after, (of) accompanying, (of) attending

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'following after' or 'accompanying'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (epi, meaning 'upon' or 'after') and the verb 'ἀκολουθέω' (akoloutheo, meaning 'to follow'). It describes an action that is ongoing or continuous, indicating someone or something that is in the process of following or accompanying.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ἈΚΟΛΟΥΘΈΩ, ἘΠΙΒΑΊΝΩ, ΣΥΝΈΠΟΜΑΙ

G1680

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: el-PEE-dos

Translations: of hope, of a hope

Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'hope'. It refers to an expectation, a confident anticipation, or a trust in something. As a genitive case, it often indicates possession, origin, or the object of an action, hence 'of hope' or 'belonging to hope'. It is commonly used to express the concept of having or lacking hope.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΙΣΤΙΣ, ΠΕΠΟΙΘΗΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word 'Ἐλπίς' (elpis) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to hope, to expect'. It is related to the verb 'ἐλπίζω' (elpizō), meaning 'to hope' or 'to expect'.

G4254

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: proh-ah-GOO-sees

Translations: leading, going before, going on, preceding, advancing, progressing, (of) leading, (of) going before, (of) going on, (of) preceding, (of) advancing, (of) progressing

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to lead forth,' 'to go before,' or 'to go on.' It describes an action of moving forward or preceding something or someone. It can be used to indicate a physical movement or a progression in time or a process. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing the subject's action or the circumstances of an action.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Singular, Feminine, Genitive

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΒΑΙΝΩ

G5547

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHRIS-ton

Translations: Christ, the Christ, Anointed One, the Anointed One

Notes: This word refers to the 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. In the New Testament, it is primarily used as a title for Jesus, signifying his role as the promised deliverer. It is often used with the definite article 'the' (the Christ) or as a proper name (Christ). As an accusative form, it would typically function as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

G4139

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Adverb, Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-see-on

Translations: near, nearby, neighbor, a neighbor, one's neighbor

Notes: This word primarily functions as an adverb meaning 'near' or 'nearby', indicating proximity in space or time. It can also be used substantively as a noun, typically in the neuter singular, to refer to 'one's neighbor' or 'the person next to you'. When used as a noun, it often refers to a fellow human being, emphasizing a relationship of proximity or community.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an adverb); Neuter, Singular (when used substantively as a noun)

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΥΣ, ΠΑΡΑΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ

G5101

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G2228, G3588

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral

Sounds like: AY

Translations: or, the, 8

Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)

Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.

G3588

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G2192

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: EKH-ohn

Translations: having, holding, possessing, being in possession of

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. As a participle, it functions like a verbal adjective, describing someone or something that is in the act of having or holding something. It can be translated as 'having' or 'one who has', and often introduces a clause explaining what someone possesses or is doing.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩΝ

Etymology: The verb ἔχω (echō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- ('to hold, to have'). It is a common verb in ancient Greek, with a wide range of meanings related to possession, state, and action.

This interlinear database is in beta

That means it's a preview of what we're still building, and it will contain mistakes. The green text translations were initially generated from Google Gemini 2.5, and are undergoing manual editing and correction over time.

If you're using it for anything important, it is your responsibility to double-check the accuracy.

Please report any errors.

2001 Translation

Chapters

Verses

Display Mode

Typeface

CamelCase names

Text Subheadings

Illustrations

God’s Name Circumlocutions

Name of God’s Son

Menu

Texts