Polycarp’s Letter to the Philippians Chapter 9, Interlinear version from Polycarp of Smyrna (Beta)

Polycarp’s Letter to the Philippians, Chapter 9

Interlinear version from Polycarp of Smyrna (Beta)

9:1

ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΩ
- PARAKALŌ
- I-urge
ΟΥ̓Ν
- OUN
- therefore
ΠΑΝΤΑΣ
- PANTAS
- all
ΥΜΑΣ
- YMAS
- you
ΠΕΙΘΑΡΧΕΙΝ
- PEITHARCHEIN
- to-obey
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ΛΟΓΩ
- LOGŌ
- word
ΤΗΣ
- TĒS
- of-the
ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣΥΝΗΣ
- DIKAIOSYNĒS
- righteousness
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ἈΣΚΕΙΝ
- ASKEIN
- to-practice
ΠΑΣΑΝ
- PASAN
- all
ΥΠΟΜΟΝΗΝ
- YPOMONĒN
- endurance
ΗΝ
- ĒN
- which
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- also
ΕἸΔΑΤΕ
- EIDATE
- you-saw
ΚΑΤ
- KAT
- before
ὈΦΘΑΛΜΟΥΣ
- OPHTHALMOUS
- eyes
ΟΥ̓
- OU
- not
ΜΟΝΟΝ
- MONON
- only
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΤΟΙΣ
- TOIS
- the
ΜΑΚΑΡΙΟΙΣ
- MAKARIOIS
- blessed
ἸΓΝΑΤΙΩ
- IGNATIŌ
- Ignatius
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΖΩΣΙΜΩ
- ZŌSIMŌ
- Zosimus
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΡΟΥΦΩ
- RHOUPHŌ
- Rufus
ἈΛΛΑ
- ALLA
- but
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- also
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ἈΛΛΟΙΣ
- ALLOIS
- others
ΤΟΙΣ
- TOIS
- the
ἘΞ
- EX
- from
ΥΜΩΝ
- YMŌN
- you
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΑΥ̓ΤΩ
- AUTŌ
- himself
ΠΑΥΛΩ
- PAULŌ
- Paul
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΤΟΙΣ
- TOIS
- the
ΛΟΙΠΟΙΣ
- LOIPOIS
- remaining
ἈΠΟΣΤΟΛΟΙΣ
- APOSTOLOIS
- apostles

9:2

ΠΕΠΕΙΣΜΕΝΟΥΣ
- PEPEISMENOUS
- convinced
ΟΤΙ
- OTI
- that
ΟΥΤΟΙ
- OUTOI
- these
ΠΑΝΤΕΣ
- PANTES
- all
ΟΥ̓Κ
- OUK
- not
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- into
ΚΕΝΟΝ
- KENON
- emptiness
ἘΔΡΑΜΟΝ
- EDRAMON
- they-ran
ἈΛΛ
- ALL
- but
ἘΝ
- EN
- in
ΠΙΣΤΕΙ
- PISTEI
- faith
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣΥΝΗ
- DIKAIOSYNĒ
- righteousness
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΟΤΙ
- OTI
- that
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- into
ΤΟΝ
- TON
- the
ὈΦΕΙΛΟΜΕΝΟΝ
- OPHEILOMENON
- owed
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΙΣ
- AUTOIS
- to-them
ΤΟΠΟΝ
- TOPON
- place
ΕἸΣΙ
- EISI
- they-are
ΠΑΡΑ
- PARA
- with
ΤΩ
- TŌ
- to-the
ΚΥΡΙΩ
- KYRIŌ
- Lord
Ω
- Ō
- whom
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- also
ΣΥΝΕΠΑΘΟΝ
- SYNEPATHON
- they-suffered-with
ΟΥ̓
- OU
- not
ΓΑΡ
- GAR
- for
ΤΟΝ
- TON
- the
ΝΥΝ
- NYN
- present
ἨΓΑΠΗΣΑΝ
- ĒGAPĒSAN
- they-loved
ΑἸΩΝΑ
- AIŌNA
- age
ἈΛΛΑ
- ALLA
- but
ΤΟΝ
- TON
- the
ΥΠΕΡ
- YPER
- for
ΗΜΩΝ
- ĒMŌN
- us
ἈΠΟΘΑΝΟΝΤΑ
- APOTHANONTA
- having-died
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΔΙ
- DI
- through
ΗΜΑΣ
- ĒMAS
- us
ΥΠΟ
- YPO
- by
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- of-the
ΘΕΟΥ
- THEOU
- God
ἈΝΑΣΤΑΝΤΑ
- ANASTANTA
- having-been-raised

G3767

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G3980

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pay-THAR-kane

Translations: to obey, to be obedient, to submit to authority

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning to obey or to be obedient, particularly to authority. It describes the act of complying with commands or submitting to the will of another, often in a context of governance, law, or moral obligation. It is formed from two parts: the verb 'πείθω' (peithō), meaning 'to persuade' or 'to obey', and the noun 'ἀρχή' (archē), meaning 'rule' or 'authority'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ, ΠΕΙΘΩ, ΕΙΚΩ

G3056

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LO-go

Translations: (to) word, (to) reason, (to) account, (to) saying, (to) message, (to) speech, (to) matter, (to) thing, by word, by reason, by account, by saying, by message, by speech, by matter, by thing

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun 'ΛΟΓΟΣ' (logos). 'ΛΟΓΟΣ' is a fundamental term in Greek, meaning 'word,' 'reason,' 'account,' 'speech,' or 'message.' In its dative form 'ΛΟΓΩ,' it often indicates the indirect object of an action, the means or instrument by which something is done, or the cause or reason for something. It can be translated with prepositions like 'to,' 'for,' 'by,' or 'with,' depending on the context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΜΥΘΟΣ, ΕΠΟΣ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G1343

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-kah-yoh-SOO-nays

Translations: of righteousness, of justice, of a righteousness, of a justice

Notes: This word refers to the quality of being morally right, just, or righteous. It encompasses both the state of being right with God and the act of doing what is right. It is often used in a theological context to describe divine justice or human uprightness.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΕΙΑ, ΕΥΘΥΤΗΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word δίκαιος (dikaios), meaning 'just' or 'righteous', combined with the suffix -σύνη (-synē), which forms abstract nouns, indicating a state or quality.

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G0796

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: as-KEH-in

Translations: to practice, to exercise, to train, to observe, to keep, to perform, to cultivate, to devote oneself to

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ἀσκέω'. It means to practice, exercise, or train oneself in something, often with a sense of discipline or devotion. It can also mean to observe or keep a custom or rule, or to cultivate a particular quality. It describes the act of diligently applying oneself to a task or way of life.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΜΕΛΕΤΑΩ, ΓΥΜΝΑΖΩ, ἘΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ

G5281

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hoo-po-mo-NAYNE

Translations: endurance, steadfastness, perseverance, patience, a patience, an endurance

Notes: This word refers to the capacity to endure or bear up under difficult circumstances, often with a sense of steadfastness and patient persistence. It implies remaining firm and constant in the face of trials, afflictions, or opposition, rather than giving up or succumbing to despair. It can be used to describe the quality of a person who patiently waits for something or who bravely withstands hardship.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΡΤΕΡΙΑ, ΑΝΔΡΙΑ, ΑΝΔΡΕΙΑ

G2596

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Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: KAT

Translations: down, against, according to, throughout, during

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.

G3440

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: MO-non

Translations: only, alone, merely, a single, a solitary

Notes: This word can function as an adverb meaning 'only' or 'merely', indicating exclusivity or limitation. It can also be the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ΜΟΝΟΣ', meaning 'alone' or 'solitary', describing something as being by itself or unique. In its adverbial use, it often modifies verbs or clauses to emphasize that something is done exclusively or that a condition applies solely to one thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΜΟΝΩΣ, ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ

G1722

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G0235

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G0243

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AL-loys

Translations: to others, for others, with others, other, another

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to refer to a different person or thing from one already mentioned or implied. In this inflected form, it is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', or 'with'. It is a common word used to distinguish one group or item from another.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἄλλος (allos) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is related to Latin alius and English 'else'.

G0846

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G0652

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-po-STO-loys

Translations: to apostles, for apostles

Notes: This word refers to those who are sent out with a specific mission or message, often with authority. In a Christian context, it most commonly refers to the twelve disciples of Jesus Christ who were sent out to preach the Gospel, or to other early Christian leaders like Paul who were given a special commission. It is used here in the dative case, indicating the recipient or beneficiary of an action, such as following or giving something to them.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΚΕΣ, ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΣΤΑΙ

G3982

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: peh-pee-SMEH-noos

Translations: convinced, persuaded, assured, those who are convinced, those who are persuaded

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle derived from the verb 'peithō', meaning 'to persuade' or 'to convince'. As a perfect passive participle, it describes a state of having been persuaded or convinced, indicating a settled conviction or assurance. It functions adjectivally, describing individuals who are in this state of being convinced. It is often used to refer to people who have come to a firm belief or understanding.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΙΣΤΕΥΚΟΤΑΣ, ΠΕΠΛΗΡΟΦΟΡΗΜΕΝΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΕΙΘΩ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *bheidh-, meaning 'to trust, compel, advise'. It is related to Latin 'fido' (to trust) and English 'bide'.

G3754

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G3756

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΜΉ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.

G1519

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G2756

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: KEH-non

Translations: empty, a void, vain, in vain, to no purpose, useless, a useless thing

Notes: This word describes something that is empty, void, or without content. It can refer to a physical space that is vacant, or it can be used metaphorically to describe something that is useless, ineffective, or done to no purpose. When used with a preposition like 'εἰς' (eis), it often translates to 'in vain' or 'to no purpose', indicating an action that yields no positive result.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΜΑΤΑΙΟΣ, ΑΝΩΦΕΛΗΣ

Etymology: From an uncertain primary word. It refers to something that is empty or void.

G5143

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EH-drah-mon

Translations: ran, they ran, I ran

Notes: This is the aorist active indicative form of the verb 'τρέχω' (trechō), meaning 'to run'. It describes an action of running that occurred in the past, without specifying its duration or completion. It can be translated as 'I ran' (first person singular) or 'they ran' (third person plural), depending on the context, though the form itself is ambiguous without a subject.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular or Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΔΡΟΜΟΣ, ΔΙΑΤΡΕΧΩ

G0243

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Part of Speech: Prefix

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: other, another, different, foreign

Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)

Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.

G4102

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: PIS-tei

Translations: (by) faith, (in) faith, (with) faith, (to) faith, (by) trust, (in) trust, (with) trust, (to) trust, (by) belief, (in) belief, (with) belief, (to) belief

Notes: This word is a noun meaning 'faith,' 'trust,' or 'belief.' It refers to a firm conviction or reliance on something or someone. In Koine Greek, it is often used to describe spiritual faith, particularly in God or Christ. As a dative case, it indicates the means, instrument, or recipient of an action, often translated with prepositions like 'by,' 'in,' 'with,' or 'to.'

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΗΣΙΣ, ΕΛΠΙΣ

G1343

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-kah-yoh-SOO-nay

Translations: righteousness, justice, a righteousness, a justice

Notes: This word refers to the quality of being morally right or just. It encompasses concepts of uprightness, integrity, and conformity to divine or moral law. It is often used in a theological context to describe God's character or the state of being right with God.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΥΘΥΤΗΣ, ΑΡΕΤΗ, ΟΣΙΟΤΗΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word δίκαιος (dikaios), meaning 'just' or 'righteous', combined with the suffix -σύνη (-synē), which forms abstract nouns.

G3784

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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: oh-FEI-loh-meh-non

Translations: what is owed, due, a debt, that which is due, that which is owed

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the perfect passive participle of the verb 'ὀφείλω', meaning 'to owe' or 'to be indebted'. It refers to something that is owed, due, or a debt. It can function as an adjective modifying a neuter noun, or as a substantive noun meaning 'that which is owed' or 'a debt'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Perfect Passive Participle

Synonyms: ΧΡΕΟΣ, ΟΦΕΙΛΗΜΑ

Etymology: The verb 'ὀφείλω' (opheilō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *obʰel-, meaning 'to owe, to be indebted'. It is related to the concept of obligation or debt.

G0846

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G3844

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: pah-RAH

Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.

G2962

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOO-ree-OH

Translations: to the Lord, for the Lord, to the master, for the master, to an owner, for an owner

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, meaning 'Lord,' 'master,' or 'owner.' In the dative case, it typically indicates the indirect object of an action, the recipient, or the beneficiary. It is commonly used in religious contexts to refer to God or Jesus Christ, but can also refer to a human master or owner. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'to give thanks to the Lord' or 'to serve the master.'

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ

G5599, G3739

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Part of Speech: Letter, Interjection, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-meh-gah (as a letter); OH (as an interjection); OH (as a pronoun)

Translations: Omega, O, Oh, the end, the last, (to) whom, (to) which, (to) what, (to) that, (to) who, (to) those, (to) whomsoever, (to) whatsoever

Notes: This character, Omega, is the twenty-fourth and final letter of the Greek alphabet. As a letter, it represents the long 'o' sound. It can also function as an interjection, similar to 'O' or 'Oh' in English, used for direct address or exclamation. Furthermore, without diacritics, 'Ω' can represent the dative singular form of the relative pronoun 'ὅς, ἥ, ὅ', meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what', depending on context and gender. It can refer to a person or thing that is the indirect object of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a letter or interjection); Dative, Singular, All genders (as a relative pronoun)

Etymology: The letter Omega is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'. Its name literally means 'great O' (ō mega), distinguishing it from Omicron ('small O'). As a relative pronoun, it originates from Proto-Indo-European roots.

G4841

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-eh-PAH-thon

Translations: suffered with, felt with, sympathized with

Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to suffer with' or 'to feel with' someone. It describes the act of experiencing pain, hardship, or emotion alongside another person, indicating empathy or shared suffering. It is often used to convey a sense of solidarity or compassion.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, First Person Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΟΔΥΝΑΩ, ΣΥΝΘΛΙΒΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΠΑΣΧΩ (paschō), meaning 'to suffer' or 'to experience'.

G1063

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Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G5228

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-PER

Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than

Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.

G1223

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G5259

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G3588, G3778

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G0450

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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ah-nah-STAN-tah

Translations: having stood up, having risen, having arisen, having raised, having been raised

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'anistēmi', meaning 'to stand up' or 'to rise'. As an aorist active participle, it describes an action that has been completed in the past, performed by the subject. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, indicating the circumstances or time of another action. For example, it could describe someone who has stood up and then done something else, or someone who has risen from the dead.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΟΡΘΟΩ

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