Home / Interlinears (Beta) / The Shepherd of Hermas — Parables / Parable 9 / Chapter 19Parable 9, Chapter 19
Interlinear version from The Shepherd of Hermas — Parables (Beta)
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EK
Translations: out of, from, of
Notes: ἘΚ is a preposition meaning 'out of' or 'from,' indicating origin, source, or separation. It always governs the genitive case, meaning the noun or pronoun following it will be in the genitive form. It can also be used to express the cause or means by which something occurs.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΠΌ
Etymology: From a primary preposition, meaning 'out of' or 'from'. It is a fundamental word in Greek, indicating separation or origin.
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G4413
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PRO-too
Translations: of first, of the first, of the foremost
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'first' or 'foremost'. It is used to describe something that is initial, primary, or preeminent in order, time, or importance. In the provided examples, it refers to the 'first month'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΑΙΟΥ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΥ
G3735
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: O-ROOS
Translations: (of) mountain, (of) a mountain, (of) hill, (of) a hill
Notes: ὈΡΟΥΣ is the genitive singular form of the Koine Greek noun ὈΡΟΣ, which means 'mountain' or 'hill'. As a genitive form, it typically indicates possession, origin, or separation, often translated as 'of a mountain' or 'from a mountain'. It can refer to a literal elevated landmass or be used metaphorically.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly pre-Greek. It refers to a natural elevation of the earth's surface.
G3189
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MEH-lah-nos
Translations: of black, of dark, of ink
Notes: This word describes something as black or dark in color. It can also refer to ink, as ink was typically black. It is used to indicate possession or origin, similar to saying 'of black' or 'belonging to blackness'. In the provided examples, it refers to 'ink' in the context of writing.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΣΚΟΤΕΙΝΟΣ, ΖΟΦΩΔΗΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G4100
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: pis-TEV-san-tes
Translations: having believed, having trusted, having put faith in
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to believe' or 'to trust'. It describes an action that has already occurred, indicating that the subject has performed the act of believing or trusting. It often functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, or as an adverb, describing how an action was performed.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΟΤΕΣ, ΕΛΠΙΣΑΝΤΕΣ
G5108
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: toy-OO-toy
Translations: such, such a one, of such a kind
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'such' or 'of such a kind'. It is used to describe something that is of the nature or quality previously mentioned or implied. It can refer to people or things, indicating their character, quality, or type. For example, it might be used to say 'such people' or 'things of this kind'.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΤΟΙΟΣΔΕ, ΤΟΣΟΣΔΕ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-sin
Translations: are
Notes: This word is the third person plural form of the verb 'to be'. It means 'they are' or 'there are'. It is used to describe the state or existence of multiple subjects, similar to how 'are' is used in English. For example, 'The men are here' or 'There are many books'.
Inflection: Third person, Plural, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΥΣΙΝ, ΓΙΝΟΝΤΑΙ
G0647
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-pos-TAH-tai
Translations: apostates, rebels, a rebel, a renegade
Notes: This word refers to individuals who have abandoned their faith, principles, or allegiance. It describes someone who has defected or revolted, often implying a betrayal of trust or a departure from an established order. It is used to describe those who are disloyal or rebellious.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΝΤΑΡΤΗΣ, ΑΠΕΙΘΗΣ
Etymology: The word comes from the Greek verb ἀφίστημι (aphistēmi), meaning 'to stand off from, to withdraw, to revolt'. It is a compound of ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from, away from', and ἵστημι (histēmi), meaning 'to stand'.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G989
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: blas-FEE-moy
Translations: blasphemous, reviling, slanderous, abusive, a blasphemer, a slanderer, revilers, blasphemers
Notes: This word describes someone or something that is blasphemous, reviling, or slanderous. It can be used as an adjective to describe a person's actions or words, or as a noun to refer to a person who engages in such behavior, such as a blasphemer or slanderer. In this form, it is plural, referring to multiple individuals.
Inflection: Plural, Masculine or Feminine, Nominative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΛΟΓΟΙ, ΥΒΡΙΣΤΑΙ
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-on
Translations: Lord, a Lord, master, a master, owner, an owner
Notes: This word means 'Lord,' 'master,' or 'owner.' It is frequently used in ancient Greek texts, including the New Testament, to refer to God or Jesus Christ, or to a human master or owner. As an accusative singular form, it typically functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition, indicating 'the Lord' or 'a Lord' as the recipient of an action.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ
G4273
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pro-DOH-tai
Translations: traitors, betrayers
Notes: This word refers to individuals who betray or hand over someone or something, often in a treacherous or disloyal manner. It is used to describe those who act as betrayers, especially in a context of trust or allegiance.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΑΤΑΙ, ΒΛΑΣΦΗΜΟΙ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G1401
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DOO-lon
Translations: of slaves, of servants, of bondservants
Notes: This word refers to individuals who are in a state of servitude or bondage, whether as slaves, servants, or bondservants. It is used to describe a group of such individuals, indicating possession or relationship, similar to saying 'belonging to slaves' or 'concerning servants'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΕΤΩΝ, ΥΠΗΡΕΤΩΝ
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAY-oo
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΘΕΟΣ' (theos), meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, the genitive case often indicates possession, origin, or relationship, similar to the English 'of' or the possessive apostrophe 's'. Therefore, 'ΘΕΟΥ' typically translates to 'of God' or 'of a god', depending on the context. It can refer to the one true God or to a pagan deity.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G5124
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toys
Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G3341
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: meh-TAH-noy-ah
Translations: repentance, a repentance, change of mind, conversion
Notes: This word refers to a change of mind, a turning around, or a conversion. It implies a fundamental shift in one's thinking, attitude, or direction, often leading to a change in behavior. It is frequently used in a religious context to denote a turning away from sin and towards God.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΟΦΗ, ΜΕΤΑΜΕΛΕΙΑ
Etymology: The word ΜΕΤΑΝΟΙΑ is a compound word derived from the preposition μετά (meta), meaning 'after' or 'with', and the verb νοέω (noeo), meaning 'to perceive' or 'to think'. Thus, it literally means 'to think differently afterwards' or 'a change of mind'.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.
G2076
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tee
Translations: is, he is, she is, it is, there is
Notes: This word is the third person singular present indicative form of the verb 'to be'. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being. For example, it can mean 'he is', 'she is', 'it is', or simply 'is' in a sentence.
Inflection: Third person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with the English word 'is' and Latin 'est'.
G2288
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAH-nah-tos
Translations: death, a death
Notes: This word refers to death, the cessation of life. It can be used literally to describe physical death, or metaphorically to describe spiritual death or separation from God. It is often used in contexts discussing mortality, judgment, or the end of an era.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΥΤΗ, ΑΠΟΒΙΩΣΙΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *dʰenh₂- 'to die'. It is related to the verb θνῄσκω (thnēskō, 'to die').
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toh
Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that
Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.
G3189
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MEH-lah-nes
Translations: black, dark
Notes: This word describes something as being black or dark in color. It is used to qualify nouns, indicating their hue. For example, it can describe black horses or dark hair.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Etymology: From a root meaning 'dark'.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-see
Translations: they are
Notes: This word is the third person plural present indicative form of the verb 'to be'. It is used to state existence or to link a subject to a predicate, indicating what the subject is or what quality it possesses. For example, 'they are good' or 'they are people'.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Indicative
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΥΣΙΝ, ΓΙΝΟΝΤΑΙ
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G1085
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GEH-nos
Translations: race, kind, family, nation, offspring, stock, a race, a kind
Notes: This word refers to a group of people or things sharing a common origin, characteristic, or lineage. It can denote a family, a nation, a race, a species, or a type. It is often used to describe a lineage or descent, such as 'the race of Israel' or 'the family of David'. It can also refer to a general category or kind of something.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΦΥΛΗ, ΕΘΝΟΣ, ΣΠΕΡΜΑ
Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁- meaning 'to produce, beget, give birth'. It is related to words like 'genesis' and 'generation' in English.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, of themselves
Notes: This word is a pronoun indicating possession or relation, specifically for a group of people or things. It is used to mean 'of them' or 'their', often referring back to a previously mentioned plural noun or pronoun.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
G0459
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: AH-no-mon
Translations: lawless, an outlaw, wicked, unrighteous, lawbreaker, without law, a lawless one
Notes: This word describes someone or something that is without law, or acts contrary to law. It can refer to a person who is a lawbreaker or an outlaw, or an action that is wicked or unrighteous because it disregards established law, whether divine or human. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'ἀ-' (a-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'νόμος' (nomos, meaning 'law').
Inflection: Singular, Masculine or Neuter, Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΘΕΜΙΤΟΣ, ΑΔΙΚΟΣ, ΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΝΟΜΟΣ is a compound of the privative alpha (ἀ-) meaning 'not' or 'without', and νόμος (nomos), meaning 'law'. It literally means 'without law' or 'lawless'.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tin
Translations: is, a is
Notes: This word is the third person singular present indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It means 'he is', 'she is', 'it is', or 'there is'. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being, often linking a subject to a predicate. It can also imply 'exists' or 'happens'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
G1208
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: DEH-oo-teh-ROO
Translations: (of) second, (of) a second
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'second' in order, rank, or time. It is used to indicate something that follows the first. For example, it can describe the second person, the second day, or a second occurrence of an event. In the provided examples, 'ἐκ δευτέρου' functions adverbially, meaning 'a second time' or 'again'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: From the Greek word ΔΥΟ (duo), meaning 'two'.
G5595
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: psee-LOO
Translations: bare, naked, mere, simple, unarmed, light-armed, of bare ground
Notes: This word describes something that is bare, naked, or simple, often implying a lack of covering, adornment, or equipment. It can refer to a person who is unarmed or lightly armed, or to ground that is treeless or uncultivated. In a more abstract sense, it can mean 'mere' or 'simple', emphasizing the unadorned nature of something.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΓΥΜΝΟΣ, ΑΠΛΟΥΣ
G5273
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hoo-po-kree-TAI
Translations: hypocrites, a hypocrite
Notes: This word refers to someone who pretends to be what they are not, often for moral or religious reasons. It describes a person who acts a part, like an actor on a stage, and is used to denote someone who is insincere or deceptive in their actions or beliefs. It is typically used in a negative sense.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΛΑΖΩΝ, ΔΟΛΙΟΣ, ΠΛΑΝΟΣ
G1320
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-DAS-kah-loy
Translations: teachers, a teacher
Notes: This word refers to instructors or masters who teach or provide guidance. It is often used in a religious or philosophical context to denote those who impart knowledge or doctrine. In the provided examples, it refers to those who teach or legislate rules.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΡΑΒΒΙ, ΚΑΘΗΓΗΤΗΣ
G4189
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: po-nee-REE-as
Translations: of wickedness, of evil, of malice, of depravity, of mischief
Notes: This word refers to wickedness, evil, malice, or depravity. It describes a state of moral badness or harmfulness. It is often used to describe actions or intentions that are morally corrupt or harmful to others.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΙΑ, ΦΑΥΛΟΤΗΣ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: OO-toy
Translations: these, they
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they'. It is used to point out or refer to specific people or things that are nearby or have just been mentioned. It functions similarly to 'these ones' or 'these people' in English.
Inflection: Nominative, Masculine, Plural
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G4387
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pro-TEH-roys
Translations: former, earlier, previous, prior, of former times, of earlier times
Notes: This word describes something that existed or happened before something else in time or order. It is used to indicate a preceding state, event, or group of people. For example, it could refer to 'former things' or 'those who came before'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΡΩΤΟΣ, ΠΑΛΑΙΟΣ, ΑΡΧΑΙΟΣ
G3664
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ho-MOY-oy
Translations: like, similar, equal, like ones, similar ones, equal ones
Notes: This word describes something or someone that is similar or equal to another in nature, quality, or appearance. It is used to indicate resemblance or parity between two or more entities. For example, one might say that two people are 'like' each other in their character.
Inflection: Plural, Masculine or Neuter, Nominative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΙΣΟΣ, ΠΑΡΑΠΛΗΣΙΟΣ
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: EKH-on-tes
Translations: having, holding, possessing, those who have, while having
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of having, holding, or possessing something. It functions like an adjective or adverb, providing additional information about the subject of a sentence, often translated as 'having' or 'those who have'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΝΤΕΣ
G2590
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kar-PON
Translations: fruit, a fruit, produce, crop, result, profit
Notes: This word refers to the fruit or produce of plants, trees, or the earth. It can also be used metaphorically to describe the result, outcome, or profit of actions or endeavors. In the provided examples, it refers to the literal fruit of plants.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΝΗΜΑ, ΕΚΒΑΣΙΣ, ΑΠΟΒΑΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΑΡΠΟΣ (karpos) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek or related to a root meaning 'to pluck' or 'to gather'.
G1343
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-kah-yoh-SOO-nays
Translations: of righteousness, of justice, of a righteousness, of a justice
Notes: This word refers to the quality of being morally right, just, or righteous. It encompasses both the state of being right with God and the act of doing what is right. It is often used in a theological context to describe divine justice or human uprightness.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΕΙΑ, ΕΥΘΥΤΗΣ
Etymology: From the Greek word δίκαιος (dikaios), meaning 'just' or 'righteous', combined with the suffix -σύνη (-synē), which forms abstract nouns, indicating a state or quality.
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G3735
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OH-ros
Translations: mountain, a mountain, hill, a hill
Notes: This word refers to a mountain or a hill. It is commonly used to describe a natural elevation of the earth's surface, often a significant landmark or a place of refuge or religious significance in ancient texts.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΝΟΣ, ΟΡΕΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- meaning 'to rise, to ascend'.
G0175
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-KAR-pon
Translations: unfruitful, barren, unproductive, without fruit, an unfruitful thing
Notes: This word describes something that does not bear fruit, is unproductive, or is barren. It can refer to land that yields no crops, trees that produce no fruit, or metaphorically, to actions, efforts, or people that do not produce good or desired results. It implies a lack of productivity or effectiveness.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΓΟΝΟΣ, ΑΝΩΦΕΛΗΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΚΑΡΠΟΣ is a compound word formed from the privative alpha (α-) meaning 'not' or 'without', and ΚΑΡΠΟΣ (KARPOS), meaning 'fruit' or 'produce'. Thus, it literally means 'without fruit'.
G3779
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OO-toh
Translations: thus, so, in this way, in like manner
Notes: This word is an adverb of manner, indicating how something is done or the way in which something occurs. It can also refer to the extent or degree of something. It is often used to introduce a consequence or a comparison, meaning 'in this way' or 'thus'. It is an older form of ΟΥΤΩΣ, and both forms are used interchangeably in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΤΩΣ, ΩΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos, 'this'). It indicates 'in this manner' or 'thus', referring back to something previously mentioned or implied.
G0444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AN-throh-poy
Translations: people, men, humans
Notes: This word refers to human beings in general, encompassing both men and women. It is the plural form of 'ἈΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ' (anthropos), meaning 'man' or 'human'. It is used to denote a group of individuals belonging to the human race.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΒΡΟΤΟΙ
G3686
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: O-no-MA
Translations: name, a name, reputation, character, authority
Notes: This word refers to a name, whether of a person, place, or thing. It can also signify one's reputation, character, or even authority, as a name often represents the person or entity itself. It is commonly used in phrases like 'in the name of' to denote authority or representation.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive; Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΦΗΜΗ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥. It is cognate with Latin nōmen and English name.
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EKH-oo-sin
Translations: they have, they possess, they hold, they are holding
Notes: This word is the third person plural present active indicative form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to possess'. It is used to indicate that a group of people or things currently have or are holding something. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'they have wisdom' or 'they hold power'.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present Tense, Indicative Mood, Active Voice
Synonyms: ΚΤΆΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΈΧΩ, ἜΧΩ
G0575
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: AH-po
Translations: from, away from, out of, off, (of), by, since, after
Notes: ἈΠΟ is a common Koine Greek preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or source. It is always used with the genitive case. It can mean 'from' or 'away from' a place or person, indicating movement away. It can also denote the cause or agent ('by'), or a temporal starting point ('since', 'after').
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἘΚ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'off' and 'of'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G4102
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pis-TEH-ohs
Translations: of faith, of belief, of trust, of conviction
Notes: This is the genitive singular form of the noun 'πίστις' (pistis), meaning 'faith', 'belief', or 'trust'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with 'of' in English. For example, 'the work of faith' or 'by means of faith'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΗΣΙΣ, ΕΜΠΙΣΤΟΣΥΝΗ
G2756
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: KEH-noy
Translations: empty, vain, a vain, futile, a futile, worthless, a worthless, without effect, a without effect
Notes: ΚΕΝΟΙ is an adjective meaning 'empty,' 'vain,' or 'futile.' It describes something that lacks substance, purpose, or value. It can refer to physical emptiness, like an empty vessel, or to abstract concepts, such as empty words or vain efforts. In a sentence, it would modify a noun, indicating that the noun is devoid of something or is without real significance.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine; or Plural, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΜΑΤΑΙΟΣ, ΑΚΑΡΠΟΣ, ΑΝΩΦΕΛΗΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΕΝΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be empty' or 'to lack'.
G3762
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: oo-DACE
Translations: no one, nobody, nothing, none, no
Notes: This word is a compound negative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'no one,' 'nobody,' 'nothing,' or 'no.' It is formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not), the connective particle 'δέ' (but, and), and the numeral 'εἷς' (one). It is used to express absolute negation, indicating the complete absence of something or someone. When used as an adjective, it modifies a noun to mean 'no' or 'not any.'
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕΝ, ΜΗΔΕΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΥ̓ΔΕΙΣ is a compound of the negative particle ΟΥ̓ (not), the connective particle ΔΕ (but, and), and the numeral ΕΙΣ (one). It literally means 'not even one' or 'not one at all,' emphasizing a complete negation.
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOYS
Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her
Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
G2590
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kar-POS
Translations: fruit, a fruit, crop, produce, result, profit, deed
Notes: This word refers to the literal fruit of plants, trees, or the earth, such as a crop or produce. It can also be used metaphorically to describe the outcome or result of an action, effort, or life, often translated as 'fruit' in the sense of 'the fruit of one's labor' or 'the fruit of the Spirit'. It is a masculine noun.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΝΗΜΑ, ΕΚΒΑΣΙΣ, ΕΡΓΟΝ
Etymology: The word ΚΑΡΠΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a root meaning 'to pluck' or 'to gather'. It is an ancient Greek word that has been in use since classical times.
G225
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-lay-THAY-ahs
Translations: of truth, of reality, of sincerity, of verity
Notes: This word refers to the quality of being true, real, or sincere. It is often used to describe facts, reality, or moral uprightness. In a sentence, it typically functions as a possessive or descriptive element, indicating that something belongs to or is characterized by truth.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΕΙΑ, ΓΝΩΣΙΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣΥΝΗ
G2749
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: KEH-teh
Translations: lies, is laid, is placed, is situated, is set, is appointed
Notes: This verb means to lie down, be laid, be placed, or be situated. It can refer to a physical position, such as an object lying somewhere, or to a state of being, like a law being laid down or a person being appointed to a position. It is often used to describe something that is set or established.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΙΣΤΗΜΙ
G1437
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: eh-AHN
Translations: if, when, whenever, although
Notes: ἘΑΝ is a conditional conjunction used to introduce a protasis (the 'if' clause) in a conditional sentence. It typically takes the subjunctive mood, indicating a condition that is possible, probable, or hypothetical. It can be translated as 'if', 'when', or 'whenever', depending on the nuance of the condition, and sometimes 'although' in concessive clauses.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΙ, ὍΤΑΝ
Etymology: ἘΑΝ is a contraction of the conditional particle εἰ (ei, 'if') and the modal particle ἄν (an), which adds a sense of contingency or possibility to the condition.
G5035
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: ta-KHOO
Translations: quick, swift, fast, quickly, swiftly, soon, immediately
Notes: This word can function as an adjective meaning 'quick' or 'swift', describing something that moves or happens at a high speed. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'quickly', 'swiftly', 'soon', or 'immediately', indicating the manner or timing of an action. For example, it can describe a 'swift witness' or an action that happens 'quickly'.
Inflection: Neuter Singular Nominative or Accusative (as adjective), Adverbial form (as adverb)
Synonyms: ΕΥΘΕΩΣ, ΑΙΦΝΙΔΙΩΣ, ΣΠΕΥΔΩ
Etymology: The word ΤΑΧΥ (tachy) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *teh₂g- meaning 'to touch, to handle', which evolved to imply speed or quickness in Greek.
G3340
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: meh-tah-noh-AY-soh-sin
Translations: they may repent, they might repent
Notes: This word means to change one's mind, to feel remorse, or to repent. It implies a change of direction or purpose, often with a moral or spiritual connotation. It is used to describe a turning away from past actions or beliefs towards a new way of thinking or living. In a sentence, it would describe a group of people undergoing this change.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Subjunctive, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΜΕΤΑΜΕΛΟΜΑΙ
G1021
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: bra-DY-no-see
Translations: they delay, they are slow, they linger, they hesitate
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to delay,' 'to be slow,' 'to linger,' or 'to hesitate.' It describes an action of taking a long time to do something or being reluctant to act. It can be used in various contexts where slowness or postponement is implied.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Subjunctive, Active
Synonyms: ΜΕΛΛΩ, ΟΚΝΕΩ
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides
Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G4386
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pro-TEH-rohn
Translations: of former things, of previous things, of earlier things
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'πρότερος', meaning 'former', 'previous', or 'earlier'. It is used to refer to things that happened or existed before the present time, often in the context of past events or conditions. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΑΙΩΝ, ΠΑΛΑΙΩΝ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tai
Translations: will be, shall be, there will be
Notes: This is the third person singular future active indicative form of the verb 'to be'. It indicates that something 'will be' or 'shall be' in the future. It can refer to a person (he/she/it will be) or an impersonal existence (there will be).
Inflection: Future, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G1223, G5101
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: dee-ah-TEE
Translations: why, wherefore, on account of what
Notes: This is a compound word formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'on account of', and the interrogative pronoun τί (ti), meaning 'what'. It is used to ask for the reason or cause of something, functioning as 'why' or 'wherefore' in English. It can introduce a direct or indirect question.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΤΟΥΤΟ, ΔΙΟ
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: FEE-mee
Translations: say, speak, declare, affirm, assert
Notes: This verb means 'to say,' 'to speak,' or 'to declare.' It is often used to introduce direct speech or to affirm a statement. It can be used in various tenses and moods to express an action of speaking or stating something.
Inflection: Present Active Indicative, 1st Person Singular; or Present Active Infinitive
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΕΡΩ
Etymology: From a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to speak, tell, say.' It is related to Latin 'fari' (to speak) and English 'fame'.
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-eh
Translations: Lord, O Lord, Master, Sir
Notes: This word is the vocative singular form of the noun ΚΥΡΙΟΣ (KYRIOS), meaning 'Lord,' 'Master,' or 'Sir.' It is used for direct address, similar to saying 'O Lord' or 'My Lord' in English. It is commonly used when speaking directly to God, a respected authority figure, or a master.
Inflection: Singular, Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ
G4413
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PRO-toyss
Translations: first, foremost, chief, principal, a first, the first
Notes: This word describes something that is first in time, order, rank, or importance. It can refer to the very first thing, or to something that is preeminent or chief among others. In the provided examples, it is used to refer to 'the first ones' or 'the first things'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΡΩΤΟΣ, ΑΡΧΗ, ΠΡΩΤΕΥΩ
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: pah-RAH
Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.
G5101
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE
Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing
Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral
Sounds like: AI
Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11
Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)
Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.
G4234
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PRAX-ace
Translations: deeds, acts, actions
Notes: This word refers to actions, deeds, or accomplishments. It is often used in a general sense to describe human activity or what someone does. It can also refer to specific events or a collection of actions, such as the 'Acts' of the Apostles.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑ, ΠΟΙΗΜΑΤΑ, ΔΡΑΣΕΙΣ
Etymology: From the verb πράσσω (prassō), meaning 'to do' or 'to accomplish'.
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: FEE-see
Translations: he says, she says, it says
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone or something is saying in the present tense. For example, 'he says that...' or 'it says in the book...'.
Inflection: Third person singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΡΩ
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G0987
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eb-blas-fay-MAY-san
Translations: they blasphemed, they reviled, they slandered, they spoke evil of
Notes: This word describes the act of speaking evil, reviling, or slandering, particularly against God or sacred things. It implies a disrespectful or abusive use of language. In a sentence, it would be used to indicate that a group of people engaged in such an act.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΛΟΓΕΩ, ΛΟΙΔΟΡΕΩ
G3761
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: oo-DEH
Translations: not even, neither, nor, and not
Notes: This is a compound word formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the conjunction 'δέ' (but, and). It is used to emphasize a negation, meaning 'not even' or 'neither/nor'. It can connect clauses or phrases, indicating that something is also not true or not happening. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'He did not go, nor did he send anyone.'
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗΔΕ, ΜΗ
Etymology: From the negative particle 'οὐ' (not) and the postpositive conjunction 'δέ' (but, and).
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-GEH-non-toh
Translations: they became, they were, they came to be, they happened, they arose
Notes: This word is a past tense form of the verb 'to become' or 'to be'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, indicating a change of state, an event happening, or the coming into existence of something. It is often used to describe what happened or what came about.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΓΕΝΝΑΩ
Etymology: The word ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ comes from an ancient Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey similar concepts of becoming or originating.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G1939
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: eh-pee-thoo-MEE-ahn
Translations: desire, a desire, lust, a lust, longing, a longing, craving, a craving
Notes: This word refers to a strong desire, longing, or craving. It can be used in both a positive sense (a good desire) and a negative sense (a sinful lust or covetousness), depending on the context. It describes an intense inclination or passion towards something.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΡΕΞΙΣ, ΒΟΥΛΗ, ΘΕΛΗΜΑ
G3000
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LEEM-mah-tos
Translations: of a receipt, of a gain, of a profit, of a thing received, of a sum received, of a taking, of a premise, of a lemma
Notes: This word refers to something received, a gain, profit, or a sum of money taken. It can also refer to a premise or a lemma in a logical argument. It is used to describe the act or result of taking or receiving something.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΕΡΔΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΛΗΨΙΣ
G0611
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-peh-KREE-thee-san
Translations: they answered, they replied
Notes: This word appears to be a misspelling of ἀπεκρίθησαν (apekrisan), which means 'they answered' or 'they replied'. It is the third person plural, aorist indicative passive form of the verb ἀποκρίνομαι (apokrinomai). It is used to describe a group of people giving a response or answer to a question or statement.
Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Passive
Synonyms: ΑΝΤΕΦΩΝΗΣΑΝ, ΑΝΤΕΛΕΞΑΝ
G1321
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-DI-dax-en
Translations: he taught, she taught, it taught, he instructed, she instructed, it instructed
Notes: This word is a verb meaning "to teach" or "to instruct." It describes the action of imparting knowledge or skills to someone. It is used in sentences where a subject is performing the act of teaching or instructing another person or group.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΜΑΝΘΑΝΩ, ΠΑΙΔΕΥΩ
G1538
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Part of Speech: Pronominal Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: EK-as-tos
Translations: each, every, every one, everyone
Notes: This word means 'each' or 'every' and refers to individual members within a group, emphasizing their distinctness. It is used to single out every single person or thing from a larger collection. For example, 'each person' or 'every house'.
Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine
Etymology: From an unknown origin, possibly related to ἕκας (hekas, 'far off').
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: KAH-tah
Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along
Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G1939
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ep-ee-thoo-MEE-as
Translations: of desire, of longing, of lust, of covetousness, of passion
Notes: This word refers to a strong desire, longing, or craving. It can be used in a neutral sense for any strong desire, but often carries a negative connotation, referring to lust, covetousness, or unbridled passion, especially in a moral or ethical context. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἘΠΙ (upon, over) and ΘΥΜΟΣ (passion, spirit).
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΡΕΞΙΣ, ΠΟΘΟΣ, ΗΔΟΝΗ
G0444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ahn-throh-POHN
Translations: (of) men, (of) people, (of) humankind
Notes: ἈΝΘΡΩΠΩΝ is the genitive plural form of the noun ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ, which means 'man', 'human being', or 'person'. This form is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, translating to 'of men' or 'of people'. It refers to human beings in general, often distinguishing them from God or other creatures.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΛΑΟΣ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek, likely a compound of ἀνήρ (anēr, 'man') and ὤψ (ōps, 'face, eye'), possibly meaning 'one who looks up' or 'one with a human face'.
G0264
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hah-mar-TAH-non-ton
Translations: of those sinning, of those who sin, of sinners
Notes: This word is the genitive plural masculine participle of the verb 'hamartanō', meaning 'to sin' or 'to miss the mark'. It refers to 'those who are sinning' or 'sinners' in a general sense, indicating possession or origin. It is often used to describe a group of people characterized by their act of sinning.
Inflection: Present Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΝΟΜΩΝ, ΑΣΕΒΩΝ, ΠΑΡΑΒΑΤΩΝ
Etymology: From 'a' (privative, meaning 'not') and 'meros' (meaning 'part' or 'share'), implying 'not having a share' or 'missing the mark'.
G0235
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: AL-lah
Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed
Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.
G5099
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: tee-SOO-see
Translations: they will pay, they will suffer, they will be punished
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to pay' or 'to suffer a penalty'. It is used to indicate that a group of people will incur or endure a consequence, often a negative one, such as punishment or a fine. For example, 'they will pay the penalty' or 'they will suffer punishment'.
Inflection: Third person, Plural, Future, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΤΙΝΩ, ΕΚΤΙΝΩ
Etymology: The word ΤΙΝΩ (tino) comes from an ancient root meaning 'to pay' or 'to honor'.
G1349
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DEE-kane
Translations: justice, a justice, judgment, a judgment, penalty, a penalty, punishment, a punishment, vengeance, a vengeance
Notes: This word refers to the concept of justice, both in the sense of what is right and fair, and in the sense of a legal judgment or the penalty imposed as a result of such a judgment. It can also denote the act of vengeance or retribution. It is often used in contexts relating to divine or human legal proceedings and their outcomes.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΡΙΜΑ, ΤΙΜΩΡΙΑ, ΕΚΔΙΚΗΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΔΙΚΗ (dikē) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be related to the verb δείκνυμι (deiknymi), meaning 'to show' or 'to point out', suggesting an original sense of 'that which is shown to be right' or 'that which is established'.
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE-nah
Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything
Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.
Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ge-NEH-sthai
Translations: to become, to be, to happen, to come to pass, to arise, to be made, to be born
Notes: This word is the aorist middle infinitive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It signifies the action of coming into being, happening, or being made. It can also mean to be born or to arise. As an infinitive, it often functions like 'to become' or 'to happen' in English, frequently used after verbs that express desire, ability, or necessity.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOOS
Translations: them, themselves, these, those
Notes: This word is the masculine accusative plural form of the pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos). It is used to refer to a group of male or mixed-gender individuals as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It can mean 'them' or, when used emphatically, 'themselves'.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
G0989
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: blas-FEE-moos
Translations: blasphemous, reviling, abusive, slanderous
Notes: This word describes someone or something that is blasphemous, reviling, or abusive. It refers to speaking evil against God or sacred things, or more generally, to speaking evil against anyone, including slander or defamation. It is used to characterize individuals who engage in such speech or actions.
Inflection: Masculine or Feminine, Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΛΟΓΟΥΣ, ΥΒΡΙΣΤΑΣ
Etymology: The word ΒΛΑΣΦΗΜΟΣ is a compound word derived from βλάπτω (blaptō, meaning 'to injure' or 'to harm') and φήμη (phēmē, meaning 'a report' or 'speech'). Thus, it literally means 'harmful speech' or 'injurious speech'.
G3366
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: MEE-deh
Translations: neither, nor, not even, and not
Notes: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word formed from the negative particle μή (mē, 'not') and the conjunction δέ (de, 'but, and'). It is used to introduce a negative clause, often following another negative clause, conveying the sense of 'neither...nor' or 'not even'. It is primarily used with non-indicative moods, such as the imperative or subjunctive, to express prohibitions or negative conditions.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕ
Etymology: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word derived from the negative particle μή (mē), meaning 'not', and the postpositive conjunction δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'.
G4273
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pro-DO-tas
Translations: traitor, a traitor, betrayer, a betrayer
Notes: This word refers to a person who betrays or hands over someone or something, often to an enemy. It is used to describe someone who acts treacherously or disloyally. It is a masculine noun.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΔΟΤΗΣ, ΠΑΡΑΔΟΤΗΣ
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