Home / Interlinears (Beta) / The Shepherd of Hermas — Parables / Parable 9 / Chapter 8Parable 9, Chapter 8
Interlinear version from The Shepherd of Hermas — Parables (Beta)
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G0756
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ar-KSAH-meh-noy
Translations: beginning, having begun, starting, having started
Notes: This is a participle derived from the verb 'ΑΡΧΩ', meaning 'to begin' or 'to rule'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that is beginning or has begun. It is often used to indicate the start of an action or a sequence of events.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΝΑΡΧΟΜΕΝΟΙ, ΚΑΤΑΡΧΟΜΕΝΟΙ
G4413
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: PRO-ton
Translations: first, foremost, chief, principal, a first thing, before, at the first, in the first place
Notes: This word means 'first' in terms of order, time, importance, or rank. As an adjective, it describes something as being the first of its kind or in a sequence. As an adverb, it indicates something happening initially or in the first instance. It can also refer to the chief or most important person or thing.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'πρῶτος' (prōtos) is a superlative form derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pro- meaning 'forward, before'. It is related to the Greek preposition 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G3189
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MEH-lah-nas
Translations: black, black ones
Notes: This word describes the color black. It is used to qualify nouns, indicating that they are of a dark, non-reflective color. In the provided context, it describes 'stones' (λιθους) as being black.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
G2657
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-teh-NOO-men
Translations: we were observing, we were considering, we were understanding, we were perceiving
Notes: This word is the first person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb ΚΑΤΑΝΟΕΩ. It means to observe, consider, understand, or perceive something thoroughly. It implies a careful and deliberate act of noticing or comprehending. In a sentence, it would describe an action of deep consideration or observation being performed by a group of people (we).
Inflection: First Person Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΟΡΑΩ, ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ
G3037
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LI-thooss
Translations: stones, rocks
Notes: This word refers to stones or rocks. It is used to describe physical pieces of rock, whether large or small, and can appear in various contexts, such as building materials, natural formations, or objects used for throwing.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Accusative
Synonyms: ΠΕΤΡΑΙ, ΒΡΑΧΟΙ
G3634
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: OY-oy
Translations: such as, what sort of, what kind of, what a
Notes: This word is an adjective used to describe the quality or nature of something, often in an exclamatory or interrogative sense. It can mean 'such as' when referring to a quality already mentioned or implied, or 'what sort of' or 'what kind of' when asking about the nature of something. It can also be used to express admiration or surprise, similar to 'what a' in English.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΟΙΟΣ, ΤΟΙΟΥΤΟΣ
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EK
Translations: out of, from, of
Notes: ἘΚ is a preposition meaning 'out of' or 'from,' indicating origin, source, or separation. It always governs the genitive case, meaning the noun or pronoun following it will be in the genitive form. It can also be used to express the cause or means by which something occurs.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΠΌ
Etymology: From a primary preposition, meaning 'out of' or 'from'. It is a fundamental word in Greek, indicating separation or origin.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G3619
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OY-ko-do-MES
Translations: (of) building, (of) edification, (of) a building, a building
Notes: This word refers to the act of building or constructing something, such as a house or a temple. It can also be used metaphorically to mean spiritual edification or the building up of character or faith. In a sentence, it would typically follow a preposition or indicate possession, as in 'the purpose of building' or 'the work of edification'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΗ, ΑΝΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΗΣΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΗ (oikodomē) is a compound word derived from ΟΙΚΟΣ (oikos), meaning 'house', and ΔΟΜΗ (domē), meaning 'building' or 'structure'. It literally means 'house-building'.
G5087
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-TETH-ay-san
Translations: they were placed, they were laid, they were set, they were put
Notes: This is a verb indicating that something was placed, laid, set, or put down. It is used in the aorist tense, which describes a past action completed at a specific point in time, without emphasis on its duration. The passive voice indicates that the subject of the verb is receiving the action, rather than performing it. For example, 'the foundations were laid' or 'the thrones were set'.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Passive
Synonyms: ΚΕΙΜΑΙ, ΒΑΛΛΩ, ΙΣΤΗΜΙ
G5108
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: toy-OO-toy
Translations: such, such a one, of such a kind
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'such' or 'of such a kind'. It is used to describe something that is of the nature or quality previously mentioned or implied. It can refer to people or things, indicating their character, quality, or type. For example, it might be used to say 'such people' or 'things of this kind'.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΤΟΙΟΣΔΕ, ΤΟΣΟΣΔΕ
G2147
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: yoo-re-THAY-san
Translations: they were found, they were discovered
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'they were found' or 'they were discovered'. It is the aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'to find'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, where the subjects of the verb were the recipients of the action of being found.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΥΡΕΘΗΣΑΝ, ΚΑΤΑΛΗΦΘΗΣΑΝ
Etymology: The word ΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ (heuriskō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *werh₁- ('to find, to discover'). It is related to Latin invenire ('to find').
G2753
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-keh-LEW-sen
Translations: commanded, ordered, bade, urged
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to command' or 'to order'. It is used to express an instruction or directive given by someone in authority. For example, a king might command his servants to do something, or a general might order his troops.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ, ΕΝΤΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΤΑΤΤΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOOS
Translations: them, themselves, these, those
Notes: This word is the masculine accusative plural form of the pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos). It is used to refer to a group of male or mixed-gender individuals as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It can mean 'them' or, when used emphatically, 'themselves'.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G4166
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: poy-MAYN
Translations: shepherd, a shepherd, pastor, a pastor
Notes: This word refers to a person who tends, feeds, or guards flocks of sheep, goats, or other livestock. Figuratively, it can also refer to a leader or guide, especially in a spiritual sense, like a pastor or overseer of a congregation. It is used to describe someone who cares for and protects others.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΙΠΟΙΜΗΝ, ΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΣ
Etymology: From an assumed primary verb ποιμάω (poimaō), meaning 'to shepherd'. It is related to the concept of feeding and tending.
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G4444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PYR-goo
Translations: of a tower, of the tower, a tower, the tower
Notes: This word refers to a tower, a fortified structure, or a bastion. It is used to describe a tall, strong building, often part of a city wall or a fortress, providing defense or observation. It can also refer to a watchtower or a stronghold.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΤΕΙΧΟΣ, ΦΡΟΥΡΙΟΝ, ΑΚΡΟΠΟΛΙΣ
G5342
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: meh-teh-nekh-THEE-nai
Translations: to be carried over, to be transferred, to be moved, to be removed
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from 'μετά' (meta, meaning 'with' or 'after') and 'φέρω' (pherō, meaning 'to carry' or 'to bear'). It means to be moved or transferred from one place to another, often implying a change of position or state. It is used to describe an action where something is taken from its current location and placed elsewhere.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΜΕΤΑΚΟΜΙΖΩ
G5563
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kho-ris-THEE-nai
Translations: to be separated, to be divided, to be parted
Notes: This word is the aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'χωρίζω', meaning 'to separate' or 'to divide'. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often translated as 'to be separated' or 'to be divided'. It describes the action of something or someone being set apart or becoming distinct from another.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΧΩΡΙΖΩ, ΑΠΟΧΩΡΙΖΩ
G1899
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: EYE-tah
Translations: then, next, afterward, moreover, besides, also
Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate sequence in time or logic. It can mean 'then' or 'next' when referring to a subsequent event or action. It can also be used to introduce an additional point, meaning 'furthermore' or 'besides'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἘΠΕΙΤΑ, ἘΠΕΙ
Etymology: From the Koine Greek word ἘΠΕΙ (epei), meaning 'when, since'.
G2657
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-teh-NO-eh-seh
Translations: he observed, he considered, he perceived, he understood, he noticed
Notes: This is a verb meaning to observe, consider, perceive, or understand something thoroughly. It implies a careful and deliberate act of noticing or comprehending. It is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'thoroughly', and the verb νοέω (noeo), meaning 'to perceive' or 'to think'.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΟΡΑΩ, ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ
G5597
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ep-soh-ree-a-KO-tas
Translations: those who have become scabby, those who have been afflicted with scabies, those who have been made itchy
Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, masculine, accusative plural, derived from the verb 'ψωριάω' (psōriaō). It describes individuals who have contracted or been afflicted with a skin condition, specifically scabies or a similar itchy rash. It is used to refer to 'those who have become scabby' or 'those who have been afflicted with an itchy skin disease'.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural
G2983
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: lah-BOHN
Translations: taking, having taken, receiving, having received, seizing, having seized
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take,' 'to receive,' or 'to seize.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. It often indicates the means or circumstance by which another action takes place. For example, 'having taken the book, he read it' or 'receiving the gift, she smiled.'
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Singular, Masculine, Nominative
Synonyms: ΚΟΜΙΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΔΕΞΑΜΕΝΟΣ, ΕΙΛΗΦΩΣ
G2998
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-lah-TOH-may-seh
Translations: hewed out, cut out, quarried
Notes: This word describes the action of cutting or hewing, typically out of stone or rock. It implies a forceful and deliberate act of shaping or extracting material. It can be used in contexts like quarrying stones for building or digging out cisterns.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΚΟΠΤΩ, ΤΕΜΝΩ
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pol-LOOS
Translations: many, much, great
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'many', 'much', or 'great'. It is used to describe a large quantity or number of something. In this form, it functions as the direct object of a verb, indicating that 'many' people or things are being acted upon.
Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΙΚΑΝΟΣ, ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΑΦΘΟΝΟΣ
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: ex
Translations: out of, from, of, by, with
Notes: ἘΞ is a preposition that signifies origin, separation, or source. It always governs the genitive case. It can denote movement 'out of' a place, 'from' a point in time or a source, 'of' a material or composition, or 'by' an agent. It often implies a complete separation or a clear point of departure.
Inflection: Does not inflect; always takes the genitive case.
Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΕΚ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with Latin ex and English out.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, of themselves
Notes: This word is a pronoun indicating possession or relation, specifically for a group of people or things. It is used to mean 'of them' or 'their', often referring back to a previously mentioned plural noun or pronoun.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
G2753
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-keh-LEH-oo-seh
Translations: commanded, ordered, bade
Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'κελεύω', meaning 'to command' or 'to order'. It describes an action that was completed in the past, indicating that 'he', 'she', or 'it' gave a command or issued an order. It is typically followed by an infinitive or a clause indicating what was commanded.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΑΤΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G3933
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: par-THEH-noos
Translations: virgins
Notes: This word refers to young, unmarried women, often implying virginity. It can be used to describe a maiden or a pure, chaste woman. In the provided context, it is used in the plural to refer to multiple young women.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΟΡΗ, ΝΥΜΦΗ
G0685
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-RAI
Translations: curses, imprecations, prayers, a curse, an imprecation, a prayer
Notes: This word refers to curses, imprecations, or prayers. It can denote a solemn wish for evil to befall someone, or more generally, a prayer or supplication to a deity. Its meaning can vary depending on context, ranging from a negative curse to a more neutral or even positive prayer.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΡΑΙ, ΕΥΧΑΙ
G0906
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: bah-LEIN
Translations: to throw, to cast, to put, to lay, to place
Notes: ΒΑΛΕΙΝ is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb ΒΑΛΛΩ. It means 'to throw,' 'to cast,' 'to put,' or 'to place.' It describes the action of causing something to move through the air or to be set down in a particular location. It can be used in various contexts, such as throwing a stone, casting a net, or putting something into a container.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΡΙΠΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ
Etymology: The word ΒΑΛΛΩ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to throw' or 'to strike.' It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G3619
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oy-ko-do-MEN
Translations: building, an edifice, construction, edification
Notes: This word refers to the act of building or the structure that is built, such as an edifice or a house. It can also be used metaphorically to mean edification or spiritual building up. It is a compound word formed from ΟΙΚΟΣ (house) and ΔΟΜΗ (building, structure).
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΟΜΗ, ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΗ
Etymology: The word ΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΗ is derived from the verb ΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΕΩ (to build a house), which itself comes from ΟΙΚΟΣ (house) and ΔΟΜΗ (building).
G0142
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EE-ran
Translations: they took up, they lifted, they carried, they took away, they removed
Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb 'αἴρω' (airō). It describes an action that was completed in the past, specifically that 'they' (a group of people) lifted, took up, carried, or removed something. It can be used in various contexts where an object is being physically moved from one place to another, or even metaphorically removed.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΒΑΣΤΑΖΩ
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral
Sounds like: AI
Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11
Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)
Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.
G3933
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: par-THEH-noy
Translations: virgins, maidens
Notes: This word refers to young, unmarried women, typically those who are virgins. It can also be used more broadly to mean maidens or young women. In a sentence, it would function as a plural noun, referring to a group of such individuals.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΟΡΑΙ, ΝΕΑΝΙΔΕΣ
G5087
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-THEH-kan
Translations: they placed, they put, they laid, they set
Notes: This is a verb in the past tense, specifically the third-person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb ΤΙΘΗΜΙ. It describes a completed action in the past where a group of people (they) placed, put, laid, or set something. For example, 'they placed their hands' or 'they put it under the pillow'.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΒΑΛΛΩ, ΚΑΤΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ
G3319
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: MEH-soo
Translations: middle, midst, among, between, in the middle, in the midst, (of) the middle, (of) the midst
Notes: This word refers to the middle or midst of something. As an adjective, it describes something as being in the middle. When used as a noun, often in the genitive case (like ΜΕΣΟΥ), it functions adverbially to indicate being in the midst of or among something or someone, frequently appearing with prepositions like διά (through) or ἐν (in).
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΝΔΟΝ, ΜΕΣΟΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *medʰyo- (middle). It is cognate with Latin medius and English mid.
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G3062
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: LOY-poos
Translations: the rest, the remaining, the others
Notes: This word refers to what is left over or remaining. It is often used substantively, meaning 'the rest of the people' or 'the remaining things'. It can also function as an adjective, describing a noun as 'remaining' or 'other'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Accusative
Synonyms: ΥΠΟΛΟΙΠΟΣ, ΕΠΙΛΟΙΠΟΣ
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides
Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G3189
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MEH-lah-nohn
Translations: of black, of black ones
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ΜΕΛΑΣ', meaning 'black' or 'dark'. It describes something belonging to or associated with multiple black or dark entities. For example, it could be used in a phrase like 'the color of black things' or 'the property of dark objects'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Etymology: From a root meaning 'dark' or 'black'.
G5087
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: teh-THEH-nai
Translations: to be placed, to be laid, to be set, to be put, to be appointed, to be established
Notes: This word is the perfect passive infinitive form of the verb 'τίθημι' (tithemi), meaning 'to place' or 'to put'. As a passive infinitive, it means 'to have been placed' or 'to be placed'. It describes an action that has been completed and whose result is ongoing, from the perspective of the subject receiving the action. It can be used in various contexts, such as something being laid down, set in place, or appointed.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΚΕΙΣΘΑΙ, ΤΕΤΑΧΘΑΙ
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: OO-toy
Translations: these, they
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they'. It is used to point out or refer to specific people or things that are nearby or have just been mentioned. It functions similarly to 'these ones' or 'these people' in English.
Inflection: Nominative, Masculine, Plural
G3189
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MEH-lah-nes
Translations: black, dark
Notes: This word describes something as being black or dark in color. It is used to qualify nouns, indicating their hue. For example, it can describe black horses or dark hair.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Etymology: From a root meaning 'dark'.
G2657
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-teh-NO-ee
Translations: he was observing, he was considering, he was perceiving, he was noticing, he was understanding
Notes: This verb means to observe, consider, perceive, or notice something carefully. It implies a focused and deliberate act of attention, often leading to understanding or comprehension. It is used to describe someone who is taking a close look at something or someone, mentally processing what they see.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΣΚΟΠΕΩ
G4978
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: SCHIS-mas
Translations: (of) divisions, (of) rents, (of) schisms, (of) splits
Notes: This word refers to a division, a split, a rent, or a tear. It can be used literally to describe a physical tear in fabric or a crack in a rock, or figuratively to denote a separation or disagreement within a group, leading to a schism or faction.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΙΡΕΣΙΣ, ΔΙΧΟΣΤΑΣΙΑ, ΔΙΑΣΠΑΣΜΟΣ
G2192
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: EKH-on-tas
Translations: having, holding, possessing, those having, the ones holding
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. As a participle, it functions both as a verb, indicating an action, and as an adjective, modifying a noun. In this form, it describes individuals or things that are in the process of having or holding something.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΥΣ, ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΑΣ
Etymology: The verb ἔχω (echō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ-, meaning 'to hold, to have'. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, with cognates in other Indo-European languages.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TOO-tone
Translations: of these, of them
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'these'. It is used to indicate possession or relationship, often translated as 'of these' or 'of them', referring to things or people previously mentioned or understood from context. It can refer to masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΩΝ
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G3933
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: par-theh-NOHN
Translations: of virgins
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun 'παρθένος' (parthenos), which means 'virgin' or 'unmarried woman'. In this form, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'belonging to virgins' or 'from virgins'. It is used to refer to a group of unmarried women or virgins.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Feminine
G0667
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-peh-nekh-THEE-nai
Translations: to be carried away, to be borne away, to be taken away
Notes: This word is an aorist passive infinitive of the verb ἀποφέρω (apopherō), which means 'to carry away' or 'to bear away'. As an infinitive, it functions like 'to be carried away' or 'to be borne away' in English. It is often used to describe something being transported or removed from one place to another, especially when the action is done by an external agent.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΙΡΩ, ΒΑΣΤΑΖΩ
G1855
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: eks-OH-teh-roy
Translations: outer, outside, external, those outside, the outer ones
Notes: This word describes something or someone that is on the outside or external. It is used to distinguish between what is internal or within a group, and what is external or outside of it. For example, it can refer to people who are not part of a specific community or group.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΞΩ, ΕΞΩΘΕΝ
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G5198
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: hy-gee-ES-teh-roy
Translations: healthier, more healthy, sounder, more sound
Notes: This word is a comparative adjective meaning 'healthier' or 'more sound'. It describes something or someone that is in a better state of health or soundness compared to another. It can be used to describe people, animals, or even abstract concepts like doctrines or principles, indicating a state of being more robust or correct.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΡΕΙΤΤΩΝ, ΒΕΛΤΙΩΝ
Etymology: The word ΥΓΙΗΣ (hygiēs) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eg- meaning 'to be healthy, strong'. It is related to words signifying health and soundness.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G3062
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: LOY-poy
Translations: the rest, the remaining, the others, the leftover
Notes: This word refers to what is left over or remaining from a group or quantity. It can function as an adjective, modifying a noun to indicate the 'remaining' ones, or as a substantive noun, meaning 'the rest' or 'the others'. It is often used to distinguish a particular group from the remainder.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΛΟΙΠΟΙ, ΥΠΟΛΟΙΠΟΙ
Etymology: From the verb λείπω (leípō), meaning 'to leave' or 'to remain'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G4128
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PLAY-thoss
Translations: multitude, a multitude, crowd, a crowd, great number, abundance, a great number
Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things. It can be used to describe a crowd of people, a large amount of something, or a general abundance. For example, it might refer to a large gathering of disciples or a great quantity of fish.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΑΓΕΛΗ
Etymology: From the Greek root *pleth-* meaning 'to be full' or 'to fill'. It is related to words indicating fullness or abundance.
G4978
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: SKHIS-mah-tohn
Translations: of division, of dissension, of schism, of rent, of tear
Notes: This word refers to a division, dissension, or a tear/rent in something. It can describe a physical tear in fabric or a metaphorical split or disagreement within a group of people, leading to a schism. It is often used in contexts describing internal conflict or separation.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΔΙΧΟΣΤΑΣΙΑ, ΔΙΑΙΡΕΣΙΣ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.
G1410
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-dy-nee-THEH-san
Translations: they were able, they could
Notes: This is a verb form meaning 'they were able' or 'they could'. It describes a past ability or capacity of a group of people to do something. It is often followed by an infinitive verb, indicating what they were able to do.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΩ, ΔΥΝΑΤΕΩ
G2998
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: lah-toh-mee-THEH-nai
Translations: to be quarried, to be hewn out, to be cut out of stone
Notes: This word is a verb in the passive voice, meaning to be cut or hewn from stone, or to be quarried. It describes the action of shaping or extracting stone, often for building purposes, implying that the stone itself is undergoing the action.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΚΚΟΠΤΩ, ΤΕΜΝΩ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek λάας (laas, “stone”) and τέμνω (temnō, “to cut”). It literally means 'to cut stone'.
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOW-teen
Translations: this, that, this one, that one
Notes: ΤΑΥΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥ͂ΤΟΣ. It is used to point out something specific, often something near the speaker or something that has just been mentioned. It functions like 'this' or 'that' in English, and as an accusative, it typically serves as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.
G0156
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ai-TEE-an
Translations: cause, a cause, reason, a reason, charge, a charge, accusation, an accusation, fault, a fault
Notes: This word refers to a cause, reason, or ground for something. It can also denote a charge or accusation, or even a fault. It is commonly used to explain the basis or origin of an action or event.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΦΑΣΙΣ, ΑἸΤΙΟΝ
Etymology: The word ΑἸΤΙΑ (aitia) comes from the Greek word αἴτιος (aitios), meaning 'responsible' or 'culpable'.
G0654
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-peh-bleh-THEE-san
Translations: they were cast off, they were thrown away, they were rejected, they were expelled
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the prefix ἀπο- (apo-), meaning 'from' or 'away from,' and the verb βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast.' In this form, it means 'they were cast off,' 'they were thrown away,' or 'they were rejected.' It describes an action where a group of people or things were discarded or removed from a place or group, often implying a sense of being unwanted or deemed unsuitable.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΕΞΕΒΛΗΘΗΣΑΝ, ΑΠΕΡΡΙΦΘΗΣΑΝ
G0575
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: AH-po
Translations: from, away from, out of, off, (of), by, since, after
Notes: ἈΠΟ is a common Koine Greek preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or source. It is always used with the genitive case. It can mean 'from' or 'away from' a place or person, indicating movement away. It can also denote the cause or agent ('by'), or a temporal starting point ('since', 'after').
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἘΚ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'off' and 'of'.
G2856
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Part of Speech: Verb, Adjective
Sounds like: koh-loh-BOOS
Translations: cut off, mutilate, shorten, maim, a mutilated one, a maimed one, a cripple
Notes: This word describes the act of cutting off or mutilating something, often a limb or a part of the body, thereby shortening or rendering it incomplete. It can also refer to someone who has been mutilated or maimed, a cripple. In a broader sense, it can mean to shorten or diminish something. It is used to describe physical injury or reduction.
Inflection: Masculine, Accusative, Plural (from an adjective/noun); or 3rd Person Plural, Present, Indicative, Active (from a verb)
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΟΠΤΩ, ΠΗΡΟΥΣ
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pol-LOY
Translations: many, much, a lot of
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'many' or 'much'. It is used to describe a large quantity or number of something. For example, it can be used to say 'many people' or 'much time'. It often appears in the plural form to indicate a multitude.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΙΚΑΝΟΙ, ΠΛΕΙΟΝΕΣ
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOYS
Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her
Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TI-nes
Translations: some, certain ones, who, what
Notes: This word is an indefinite pronoun meaning 'some' or 'certain ones'. It can also function as an interrogative pronoun, asking 'who?' or 'what?' in the plural. Its meaning often depends on the context of the sentence.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine
G3173
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: meh-GAH-las
Translations: great, large, mighty, important, loud
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'great' or 'large'. It is used to describe the size, importance, or intensity of something. For example, it can refer to a great city, a loud voice, or significant sins. This particular form is an inflection of the root word ΜΕΓΑΣ.
Inflection: Feminine, Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΜΕΓΙΣΤΟΣ
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: peh-poy-AY-tohn
Translations: of those who have been made, of those who have been done, of those who have been produced
Notes: This word is the genitive plural masculine/neuter form of the perfect passive participle of the verb ποιέω (poieō), meaning 'to make', 'to do', or 'to produce'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or noun, describing someone or something that has undergone the action of being made or done. In this form, it indicates possession or origin, referring to 'of those who have been made' or 'of things that have been done'.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷey- (to build, make).
G0654
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ah-po-vev-lee-MEH-non
Translations: of having been thrown away, of having been cast off, of having been rejected, of having been discarded
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been thrown away' or 'having been cast off'. It describes something that has been definitively discarded or rejected. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb, and indicates a completed action that has a lasting result. For example, it could describe 'stones that have been rejected' or 'things that have been cast aside'.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΡΡΙΦΕΝΤΩΝ, ΕΚΒΛΗΘΕΝΤΩΝ
Etymology: The word ἀποβάλλω (apoballō) is a compound word formed from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb βάλλω (ballō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. Thus, it literally means 'to throw away from'.
G4052
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: peh-ris-SEV-on-tas
Translations: abounding, overflowing, excelling, having in abundance, being left over, those who abound, those who are left over
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'perisseuō'. It describes something or someone that is abounding, overflowing, excelling, or having an abundance of something. It can also refer to things that are left over or superfluous. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, or it can act as a noun itself, referring to 'those who abound' or 'those who are left over'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Accusative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΣ, ΠΛΕΟΝΑΖΩ
G2511
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: kah-thah-REE-sas
Translations: having cleansed, having purified, having made clean
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having cleansed' or 'having purified'. It describes an action that has been completed prior to the main verb of the sentence. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, indicating the circumstances or cause of the main action. For example, 'having cleansed the temple, he left' or 'he, having purified himself, entered'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΑΓΝΙΣΑΣ, ΕΚΚΑΘΑΡΙΣΑΣ
G2991
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: lah-toh-MEH-sas
Translations: having cut out, having hewn, having quarried
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'latomeō', meaning 'to cut out of stone', 'to hew', or 'to quarry'. It describes the action of someone who has performed the act of cutting or hewing stone. It is a compound word formed from 'lâas' (stone) and 'temnō' (to cut).
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΤΕΜΝΩ, ΚΟΠΤΩ
Etymology: The verb ΛΑΤΟΜΕΩ (latomeō) is a compound word derived from the Greek words ΛΑΑΣ (laas), meaning 'stone', and ΤΕΜΝΩ (temnō), meaning 'to cut'. Thus, it literally means 'to cut stone' or 'to quarry'.
G0685
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-RAH-sai
Translations: to curse, to imprecate, to invoke a curse upon
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'ἀράομαι' (araomai), meaning 'to curse' or 'to invoke a curse upon'. It describes the action of pronouncing a curse or calling down evil upon someone or something. As an infinitive, it functions like the English 'to curse' and can be used as the object of another verb or to express purpose.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΡΑΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΚΑΤΑΡΑΟΜΑΙ
G3319
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MEH-seen
Translations: middle, midst, a middle
Notes: This word describes something that is in the middle, central, or in the midst of other things. It can be used to indicate a position or a state of being surrounded.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Feminine
Synonyms: ΜΕΣΑΙΟΣ, ΕΝΔΙΑΜΕΣΟΣ
G0719
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: heer-MO-san
Translations: they fitted, they joined, they adapted, they tuned, they harmonized
Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb 'harmózō'. It means 'to fit together', 'to join', 'to adapt', or 'to tune'. It describes an action completed in the past by a group of people or things, indicating that they made something fit or work together harmoniously.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΡΜΟΖΩ, ΣΥΝΤΙΘΗΜΙ
G0772
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: as-theh-NEH-steh-roy
Translations: (to) weaker, (to) feebler, (to) more infirm
Notes: This word is a comparative adjective, meaning 'weaker' or 'more infirm'. It describes something or someone that possesses a lesser degree of strength, health, or power compared to another. It is used to indicate a state of being less robust or capable. In a sentence, it would typically modify a noun, indicating that the noun is in a weaker state.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter, Comparative
Synonyms: ἈΔΥΝΑΤΟΣ, ἈΡΡΩΣΤΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἈΣΘΕΝΗΣ (asthenes) comes from the prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and σθένος (sthenos), meaning 'strength' or 'vigor'. Thus, it literally means 'without strength'.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: AY-sahn
Translations: they were, were
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'to be'. It indicates an action or state that was ongoing or habitual in the past, referring to a plural subject. It functions similarly to 'were' in English, describing the state or existence of multiple entities in a past context.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Indicative, Active
G2255
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: hee-MEE-sace
Translations: half, a half, the half
Notes: This word describes a portion that is one of two equal parts of something. It is an adjective that can be used substantively, meaning it often functions like a noun to refer to 'the half' of something. It is used to indicate a division into two equal parts.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to words meaning 'half' or 'middle'.
G3022
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: LEF-koos
Translations: white, bright
Notes: This word describes something as being white or bright in color. It is an adjective that modifies nouns, indicating their color. In this form, it is used for masculine plural nouns in the accusative case, meaning it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΡΓΟΣ, ΦΑΙΔΡΟΣ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOO-toos
Translations: these, those
Notes: This word is the accusative plural masculine form of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos). It is used to point out or refer to specific people or things that are near in proximity or time, or that have just been mentioned. It functions like 'these' or 'those' in English, often referring to a group of males or a group of mixed gender.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΙΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΥΣ
G0142
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ar-THEH-nai
Translations: to be taken up, to be lifted, to be carried away, to be removed
Notes: This word is the aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'αἴρω' (airō), meaning 'to lift, take up, or carry away'. As an infinitive, it functions like 'to be lifted' or 'to be taken up' in English, indicating the action of being lifted or removed without specifying a subject or tense, but rather the action itself. It is often used in constructions where something is commanded or caused to be removed or lifted.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΙΡΩ, ΑΠΑΙΡΩ, ΕΞΑΙΡΩ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tes
Translations: all, every, whole
Notes: This word means 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate the totality or completeness of a group or quantity, often referring to 'all' members of a set or 'every' single item. It can also mean 'whole' when referring to a single entity.
Inflection: Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: HOLOS
G0142
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: AIR-thay-san
Translations: they were lifted up, they were taken away, they were carried away, they were removed
Notes: This word is a verb in the aorist passive indicative mood, third person plural. It describes an action that happened in the past, where the subjects were acted upon, meaning they were lifted, taken, or carried away by someone or something else. It can be used in sentences to describe people or objects being removed from a place or situation.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Indicative, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΣΤΗΘΗΣΑΝ, ΑΠΗΝΕΧΘΗΣΑΝ
Etymology: The verb ΑἸΡΩ (airō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to lift, raise'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the sense of lifting or taking.
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G3022
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: LEF-koy
Translations: white
Notes: This word describes the color white. It is used to indicate something that is bright, pure, or light in color. It can refer to objects, animals, or even people, describing their appearance.
Inflection: Nominative, Masculine, Plural; Vocative, Masculine, Plural; Nominative, Feminine, Plural
Etymology: The word "ΛΕΥΚΟΣ" comes from an ancient root meaning 'light' or 'bright'. It is related to words describing brightness and clarity.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ON-tes
Translations: being, those who are, who are
Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It means 'being' or 'those who are' and functions like an adjective or a noun, describing the state of existence of a person or thing. It can be used to introduce a clause that explains the condition or identity of the subject.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Nominative
G0719
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: her-MOS-thay-san
Translations: were fitted together, were joined, were adjusted, were arranged
Notes: This is a verb in the aorist passive indicative, third person plural. It describes an action that happened in the past, where multiple subjects were fitted, joined, or arranged together by an external agent. It implies a process of bringing things into proper order or alignment.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΡΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ, ΣΥΝΤΙΘΗΜΙ
Etymology: The word ἁρμόζω (harmozō) comes from ἁρμός (harmos), meaning 'a joint' or 'fitting'. It is related to the idea of joining or fitting things together.
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: HOOP
Translations: under, by, with, from, at, through, in, of
Notes: This word is a common Greek preposition and prefix. As a preposition, it typically means 'under' or 'below', but its meaning can vary significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the accusative case, it can indicate motion towards a place ('under', 'to'). As a prefix, it means 'under', 'below', 'less than', or 'secretly', as seen in compound words like 'υποκάτω' (underneath). The form 'ΥΠ' is a common truncation of 'ΥΠΟ' when it acts as a prefix, especially before a vowel, or as part of a compound word.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or prefix)
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑ, ΕΠΙ
G5198
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: hy-GHEES
Translations: healthy, sound, whole, well
Notes: This word describes something or someone as being in a state of good health, soundness, or wholeness. It can refer to physical well-being, but also to spiritual or moral soundness. It is often used to describe people who are free from illness or injury.
Inflection: Plural, Masculine or Feminine, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΡΤΙΟΣ, ΟΛΟΚΛΗΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΥΓΙΗΣ (hygiēs) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂yug- meaning 'to join, unite'. It is related to concepts of wholeness and integrity.
G5620
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: HOH-steh
Translations: so that, in order that, consequently, therefore, with the result that
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause of result or purpose. It indicates that what follows is a consequence or the intended outcome of what was previously stated. It can also introduce an infinitive clause to express result.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΔΙΟ
Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs), meaning 'as' or 'how', combined with the particle τε (te), meaning 'and' or 'also'. It developed to express result or consequence.
G1410
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: doo-NAH-sthai
Translations: to be able, to have power, to be strong, can
Notes: This is the present middle/passive infinitive form of the verb 'δύναμαι'. It means 'to be able' or 'to have power'. It is often used in constructions where one expresses the ability or capacity to do something, similar to the English 'can' or 'to be able to'.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΩ, ΕΞΕΣΤΙ
Etymology: From the root 'δύναμαι', meaning 'to be able'. It is related to 'δύναμις' (dynamis), meaning 'power' or 'ability'.
G2902
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kra-TEH-in
Translations: to rule, to hold, to prevail, to master, to overcome, to control, to grasp, to seize
Notes: This word describes the act of exercising power, authority, or control over something or someone. It can mean to rule or govern, to hold fast or grasp firmly, or to overcome and prevail in a struggle. It is often used to indicate dominance or mastery.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΩ, ΚΥΡΙΕΥΩ, ΑΡΧΩ
Etymology: The word κρατέω (krateō) derives from κράτος (kratos), meaning 'strength, power, might, dominion'.
G3319
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: MEH-son
Translations: middle, midst, between, among, a middle, the middle
Notes: This word refers to the middle point, space, or time. It is often used in phrases with prepositions like "ana" (ἀνά) or "en" (ἐν) to indicate being "in the midst of," "between," or "among" things or people.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΜΕΣΟΣ, ΕΝΔΟΝ, ΕΝΤΟΣ
G5087
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: teh-THEN-tas
Translations: having been placed, having been laid, having been set, having been appointed, having been put
Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle of the verb 'τίθημι' (tithemi), meaning 'to place' or 'to put'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing a noun that has undergone the action of being placed or set. It indicates a completed action in the past, where the subject was the recipient of the action. For example, it could refer to 'things that have been placed' or 'people who have been appointed'.
Inflection: Aorist, Participle, Passive, Masculine, Accusative, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΕΙΜΑΙ, ΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΤΑΣΣΩ
G3654
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OH-lohs
Translations: wholly, entirely, altogether, at all, completely
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'wholly,' 'entirely,' or 'altogether,' indicating completeness or totality. It can also be used in negative contexts to mean 'at all.' For example, it might be used to say 'not at all' or 'completely not'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΩΣ, ΤΕΛΕΙΩΣ
G3762
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: oo-DEN
Translations: nothing, none, not any, no one
Notes: This word is a negative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one' when used as a pronoun, and 'not any' or 'no' when used as an adjective. It is a compound word formed from the negative particle οὐ (ou, 'not') and the indefinite pronoun εἷς (heis, 'one'). It is used to express absolute negation.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΗΔΕΝ, ΟΥ̓ΔΕΝΟΣ
G2856
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-ko-lo-BO-thee
Translations: was shortened, were shortened, was cut short, were cut short
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to shorten' or 'to cut short'. It is used to describe something that has been reduced in length or duration. In the provided context, it refers to days being shortened or cut short, implying a reduction in their number or duration.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΕΜΝΩ, ΜΕΙΟΩ
Etymology: The word κολοβόω (koloboō) comes from the Greek adjective κολοβός (kolobos), meaning 'docked', 'mutilated', or 'shortened'.
G3641
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: o-LI-goi
Translations: few, a few, little, small
Notes: This word describes a small quantity or number of something. It is used to indicate that there are not many of a particular item or group, or that something is of limited size or extent. For example, it can refer to a small number of people or a small amount of time.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΙΚΡΟΣ, ΒΡΑΧΥΣ
Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'small' or 'little'.
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G4642
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: SKLEE-roy
Translations: hard, harsh, severe, cruel, stubborn, difficult, rough
Notes: This word describes something that is physically hard or unyielding, like a stone or a difficult task. It can also describe people or their actions as harsh, severe, cruel, or stubborn. It is used to convey a sense of rigidity, difficulty, or lack of compassion.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΤΡΑΧΥΣ, ΔΥΣΚΟΛΟΣ
G3029
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: LEE-ahn
Translations: very, exceedingly, greatly, much, extremely
Notes: This word is an adverb that means 'very' or 'exceedingly'. It is used to intensify the meaning of an adjective, another adverb, or a verb, indicating a high degree or extent of something. For example, it can be used to say 'very good' or 'greatly rejoice'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΦΟΔΡΑ, ΠΟΛΥ, ΜΑΛΑ
Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the idea of 'smoothness' or 'plainness', which then developed into the meaning of 'very' or 'exceedingly'.
G2991
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-lah-toh-mee-THEH-san
Translations: they were cut out, they were hewn out, they were quarried
Notes: This word is a compound verb, meaning 'to cut out stone' or 'to quarry'. It is formed from 'λάας' (laas), meaning 'stone', and 'τέμνω' (temnō), meaning 'to cut'. In this form, it describes an action that was performed on a group of subjects in the past, indicating that they were subjected to the process of being cut or hewn from stone.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural
Etymology: The verb ΛΑΤΟΜΕΩ is a compound word derived from the noun ΛΑΑΣ (laas), meaning 'stone', and the verb ΤΕΜΝΩ (temnō), meaning 'to cut'. It literally means 'to cut stone'.
G4696
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: SPEE-loos
Translations: spots, blemishes, stains
Notes: This word refers to a spot, blemish, or stain, often implying a moral or spiritual defilement rather than just a physical mark. It is used to describe something that mars or contaminates. In the provided context, it seems to refer to people who have these 'spots' or 'blemishes', suggesting a metaphorical impurity or fault.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΩΜΟΣ, ΚΗΛΙΣ, ΑΙΣΧΟΣ
G1646
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: eh-LAKH-iss-toy
Translations: least, smallest, very small, most insignificant
Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective meaning 'small' or 'little'. It describes something as being the absolute smallest, least, or most insignificant in quantity, size, or importance. It is often used to emphasize a minimal degree or amount of something.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΙΚΡΟΙ, ΕΛΑΧΙΣΤΟΝ
Etymology: The word ἘΛΑΧΙΣΤΟΣ is derived from the root of the adjective μικρός (mikros), meaning 'small'. It is the superlative form, indicating the highest degree of smallness.
G3186
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-meh-LAH-nee-sahn
Translations: they became black, they were blackened, they turned black
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to become black' or 'to be blackened'. It describes a process where something changes color to black. It is used to indicate that a group of subjects underwent this change.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
Etymology: From μέλας (melas), meaning 'black'. The verb μελανίζω means 'to make black' or 'to become black'.
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G4052
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: peh-ris-SEV-on-tes
Translations: abounding, excelling, overflowing, having more than enough, being in abundance, increasing, being left over
Notes: This word describes something that is in abundance, overflows, or exceeds what is necessary or expected. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, indicating an ongoing state or action of abounding or excelling. It can be used to describe people who are rich in something, or things that are plentiful.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΛΕΟΝΑΖΩ, ΥΠΕΡΠΕΡΙΣΣΕΥΩ, ΥΠΕΡΕΧΩ
G2986
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: LAM-proy
Translations: bright, brilliant, radiant, splendid, glorious, a bright, a brilliant, a radiant, a splendid, a glorious
Notes: This word describes something that is bright, shining, or splendid. It can refer to physical light, such as a bright flame or star, or to something that is metaphorically brilliant or glorious, like a splendid garment or a person of high standing. It is used to describe things that are visually striking due to their brightness or beauty.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΦΩΤΕΙΝΟΣ, ΛΕΥΚΟΣ, ΕΝΔΟΞΟΣ
G2481
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: is-khoo-RO-tay-tah
Translations: strength, might, power, force, a strength, a might, a power, a force
Notes: This word refers to the quality of being strong or mighty, indicating physical or inherent power, force, or vigor. It is used to describe the capacity for great exertion or resistance.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΜΙΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ
Etymology: The word ἰσχυρότης (ischyrotēs) is derived from the adjective ἰσχυρός (ischyros), meaning 'strong' or 'mighty'. This adjective itself comes from ἰσχύς (ischys), meaning 'strength' or 'power'.
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