Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Polycarp of Smyrna / Martyrdom of Polycarp / Chapter 18Martyrdom of Polycarp, Chapter 18
Interlinear version from Polycarp of Smyrna (Beta)
G1492
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb
Sounds like: ee-DON
Translations: seeing, having seen, when he saw, after seeing, when he had seen
Notes: This is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having seen' or 'when one saw'. It describes an action that occurred prior to or concurrently with the main verb of the sentence. It can function adverbially, indicating the circumstances or time of the main action, or adjectivally, modifying a noun.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΛΈΠΩΝ, ὉΡΩ͂Ν
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G2760
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ken-too-REE-ohn
Translations: centurion, a centurion
Notes: A centurion was a professional officer in the Roman army who commanded a 'century' of 80 to 100 men. This word is a transliteration of the Latin 'centurio'. In the New Testament, centurions are often depicted in a positive light, showing faith or compassion.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative. This word inflects for case and number.
Etymology: This word is a transliteration of the Latin word 'centurio', which itself comes from 'centum' meaning 'one hundred'. It refers to the commander of a century, a unit of approximately one hundred soldiers.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G2453
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-ee-ohn
Translations: of Jews, of the Jews
Notes: This word refers to people from Judea or those who are adherents of Judaism. It is a plural noun in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of Jews' or 'belonging to Jews'. It can be used to describe the people, their customs, or their land.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
G1096
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-neen
Translations: having become, having come to be, having happened, having occurred, having arisen, having been made, having been done
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to come into being,' 'to happen,' or 'to be made.' As a participle, it describes an action that has already taken place, functioning like an adjective or adverb to modify a noun or verb. It indicates a completed state or event, often translated with 'having been' or 'having become' followed by a past participle.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Feminine, Singular, Accusative
Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΥΙΑΝ, ΠΕΦΥΚΥΙΑΝ
G5379
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: fee-loh-nee-KEE-an
Translations: strife, contention, rivalry, a dispute, a quarrel
Notes: This word refers to a state of contention, rivalry, or a dispute. It describes an act of quarreling or a strong disagreement, often implying a desire to win or be superior in an argument or conflict. It is used to describe situations where people are in opposition to each other.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΡΙΣ, ΜΑΧΗ, ΑΝΤΙΛΟΓΙΑ
G5087
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: THEYS
Translations: having placed, having put, having laid, having set
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'τίθημι' (tithemi), meaning 'to place,' 'to put,' 'to lay,' or 'to set.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal characteristics, often indicating an action completed in the past relative to the main verb. It describes someone or something that has performed the action of placing or setting.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine, Nominative Singular
Synonyms: ΒΑΛΩΝ, ΕΘΗΚΑ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: him, it, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun, typically meaning 'him' or 'it' when used as a personal pronoun. It can also be used intensively to mean 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject or object. It refers to a previously mentioned male person or a neuter object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G3319
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MEH-soh
Translations: middle, midst, among, between, in the midst (of), (in the) middle (of), (among), (between)
Notes: This word refers to the middle or center of something. It is often used in a prepositional phrase, such as 'in the midst of' or 'among', indicating a position surrounded by others. It can also describe something that is intermediate or in between two points.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΝΔΟΝ, ΕΣΩ
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G1485
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: EH-thos
Translations: custom, habit, practice, a custom, a habit, a practice
Notes: This word refers to a custom, habit, or practice, something that is regularly done or observed. It describes a customary way of acting or a traditional practice within a community or by an individual. It is often used to refer to established traditions or religious observances.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΝΟΜΟΣ, ΣΥΝΗΘΕΙΑ
Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *swedh-, meaning 'custom, habit'. It is related to words signifying 'one's own' or 'peculiar to oneself', indicating something that is characteristic or habitual.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOYS
Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her
Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
G2545
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-KOW-sen
Translations: he burned, it burned, he consumed, it consumed, he set on fire, it set on fire
Notes: This word describes the action of burning or setting something on fire. It is used to indicate that a person or thing caused something to be consumed by fire, or that something itself was consumed by fire. It is a past tense form, indicating an action that was completed in the past.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΥΡΟΩ, ΦΛΕΓΩ
G3779
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OO-tohs
Translations: thus, so, in this way, in such a way
Notes: This adverb indicates manner or degree, meaning 'in this way,' 'thus,' or 'so.' It can refer back to something previously mentioned or forward to something about to be stated. It often introduces a consequence or result, showing how something is done or to what extent.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΩΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (OUTOS), meaning 'this' or 'that'.
G5037
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: TEH
Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hay-MACE
Translations: we
Notes: This word is a first-person plural pronoun, meaning 'we'. It is used as the subject of a sentence or clause, indicating that the action is performed by the speaker and one or more other people. For example, 'we go' or 'we believe'.
Inflection: Nominative, Plural, First Person
Etymology: The word 'ΕΓΩ' (ego) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental pronoun found across many Indo-European languages.
G5306
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective
Sounds like: HOO-steh-ron
Translations: later, afterward, last, finally, the latter, the end, a later time, the later
Notes: This word indicates a point in time that comes after another, or something that is last in a sequence. It can function as an adverb meaning 'later' or 'afterward', or as an adjective/noun meaning 'the last' or 'the latter part'. It is often used to refer to a subsequent event or a final outcome.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (when functioning as a noun/adjective), Adverbial
Synonyms: ΟΨΕ, ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΤΕΛΟΣ
Etymology: From the comparative form of the adverb 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'below', indicating a position or time that is subsequent or inferior.
G0337
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ah-neh-LOH-meh-noy
Translations: taking up, having taken up, picking up, removing, destroying, killing
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb ἀναιρέω (anaireō). It is a compound word formed from ἀνά (aná), meaning 'up' or 'again', and αἱρέω (hairéō), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'. Depending on the context, it can mean 'taking up' or 'picking up' something, but it can also carry the stronger sense of 'removing', 'destroying', or even 'killing'. Its precise meaning is determined by the surrounding words in the sentence.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΙΡΩ, ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΑΝΕΛΟΝΤΕΣ
Etymology: The word ἀναιρέω (anaireō) is a compound of the preposition ἀνά (aná), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb αἱρέω (hairéō), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'. This combination suggests the action of taking something up or away.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G5093
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: tee-mee-OH-teh-rah
Translations: more precious, more honorable, more esteemed, more valuable
Notes: This word is a comparative adjective, meaning 'more precious' or 'more honorable'. It is used to describe something that is of greater value or esteem than something else. For example, it can be used to say 'wisdom is more precious than jewels'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine; or Singular, Accusative, Neuter; or Plural, Nominative, Neuter; or Plural, Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΡΕΙΤΤΩΝ, ΜΕΙΖΩΝ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΟΣ
G3037
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LI-thohn
Translations: of stones, of rocks
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun 'λίθος' (lithos), which means 'stone' or 'rock'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or material, often translated as 'of stones' or 'made of stones'. For example, one might speak of 'a wall of stones'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΕΤΡΑ, ΒΡΑΧΟΣ
Etymology: From an unknown pre-Greek source, possibly related to words for 'rock' or 'stone' in other ancient languages.
G4185
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: po-ly-teh-LOHN
Translations: (of) costly, (of) expensive, (of) precious, (of) splendid
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'costly,' 'expensive,' 'precious,' or 'splendid.' It describes something of great value or high price. In the provided context, 'λιθων πολυτελων' means 'of precious stones' or 'of costly stones,' indicating that the stones are valuable.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΤΙΜΙΟΣ, ΕΝΤΙΜΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΤΙΜΟΣ
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G1384
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: doh-kee-MOH-teh-rah
Translations: more approved, more tried, more precious, more valuable, more esteemed
Notes: This word is the comparative form of the adjective 'δοκιμος' (dokimos), meaning 'approved' or 'tested'. As a comparative, it means 'more approved' or 'more tested'. It is used to describe something that has been proven to be of higher quality, more valuable, or more trustworthy than something else. It can be used in various contexts to indicate a superior degree of approval, genuineness, or worth.
Inflection: Comparative, Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΤΙΜΙΩΤΕΡΑ, ΚΡΕΙΤΤΟΝΑ, ΑΜΕΙΝΟΝΑ
G5228
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-PER
Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than
Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.
G5553
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHROO-see-on
Translations: gold, a gold, money, a money
Notes: This word refers to gold, either as the precious metal itself or, by extension, as money or wealth. It is commonly used in contexts discussing valuable possessions or currency. It is a neuter noun.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΧΡΥΣΟΣ, ΧΡΗΜΑΤΑ
Etymology: From the Greek word χρυσός (chrysos), meaning 'gold'. The suffix -ιον (-ion) is a diminutive suffix, but in this case, it often refers to a piece of gold or gold as a substance, rather than a small piece of gold.
G3747
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oss-TAH
Translations: bones
Notes: This word refers to the hard, rigid forms that make up the skeleton of a body. It is used to describe the skeletal structure of humans or animals.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to a word meaning 'bone' or 'hard substance'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: (of) him, his, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun. In this genitive singular form, it typically means 'of him,' 'his,' 'of it,' or 'its,' indicating possession or origin. It can refer to a male person or a neuter object/concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'self'. It is an ancient Greek word that has been in continuous use.
G0659
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-peh-THEH-meh-thah
Translations: we laid aside, we put away, we stored up, we deposited
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to lay aside,' 'to put away,' or 'to store up.' It implies setting something apart, either physically by depositing it somewhere or metaphorically by abandoning a habit or belief. It can be used in contexts of storing valuable items or discarding undesirable things.
Inflection: First Person Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΤΙΘΕΜΑΙ, ΑΠΟΤΙΘΕΝΤΑΙ, ΑΠΟΤΙΘΕΝΤΕΣ
G3699
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OH-poo
Translations: where, whither, in what place, to what place
Notes: This word is an adverb of place, meaning 'where' or 'whither'. It can indicate a location or a direction. It is often used to introduce a clause that specifies a place, similar to how 'where' is used in English.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΗ, ΟΥ
Etymology: From the interrogative stem *po- (from which also ΠΟΥ, 'where?') and the particle -ου (from which also ΟΥ, 'where'). It indicates a place or direction.
G0196
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-ko-LOO-thon
Translations: following, consequent, suitable, consistent, appropriate, a following thing, a consequence
Notes: This word describes something that follows or is a consequence of something else. It often implies that something is suitable, consistent, or appropriate in relation to what precedes it. It can be used to describe a person who follows, or a thing that is a natural result or accompaniment.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΒΑΙΝΩΝ, ΕΦΕΞΗΣ, ΣΥΜΦΩΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἀκόλουθος is a compound word formed from the prefix ἀ- (a-, 'together with') and the noun κέλευθος (keleuthos, 'a way, path'). It literally means 'following the same path' or 'going along with'.
G2258
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: HAYN
Translations: was, he was, she was, it was
Notes: This word is the imperfect indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It describes a continuous or ongoing state or action in the past. It can be translated as 'was', 'he was', 'she was', or 'it was', depending on the subject implied by the context. It is often used to set the scene or describe background information in a narrative.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice, 3rd Person Singular
G1759
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: EN-tha
Translations: here, there, where
Notes: This word is an adverb of place, meaning 'here', 'there', or 'where'. It indicates a specific location or point in space. It can be used to refer to a place already mentioned or understood from context, or to introduce a clause describing a location.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ὯΔΕ, ἘΚΕΙ͂, ὍΠΟΥ
Etymology: From the preposition 'ἐν' (in) and the demonstrative particle '-θα' (indicating place).
G1415
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: doo-NAH-ton
Translations: able, powerful, mighty, possible, strong, a powerful one
Notes: This word describes something or someone as being able, powerful, or mighty. It can refer to a person who is strong or influential, or to something that is possible or feasible. It is often used to describe God's power or the power of individuals.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΚΡΑΤΑΙΟΣ, ΕΝΔΥΝΑΜΟΣ
G2254
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: HEE-meen
Translations: (to) us, (for) us, us
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the first-person plural pronoun 'we'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, meaning 'to us' or 'for us'. It can also signify possession or benefit/detriment for 'us'. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He gave the book to us' or 'This is good for us'.
Inflection: First Person, Plural, Dative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to the first-person plural pronoun in other Indo-European languages.
G4863
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: soo-na-go-MEH-noys
Translations: gathering, assembling, coming together, being gathered, being assembled, being brought together, of those being gathered, to those being gathered
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'συνάγω' (synago), meaning 'to gather' or 'to assemble'. As a participle, it describes an action or state and functions like an adjective or noun. In this form, it refers to 'those who are being gathered' or 'those who are assembling'. It can be used to describe a group of people coming together for a specific purpose, such as worship, a meeting, or a shared activity.
Inflection: Present, Passive, Masculine, Plural, Dative
Synonyms: ΑΘΡΟΙΖΟΜΕΝΟΙΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΕΝΟΙΣ
G0020
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-gal-lee-AH-see
Translations: exultation, joy, gladness, rejoicing
Notes: This word refers to a state of extreme joy, gladness, or exultation, often expressed outwardly. It signifies a deep and profound sense of rejoicing, frequently in a spiritual or religious context. It is used to describe an overflowing happiness or triumph.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΦΡΟΣΥΝΗ, ΧΑΡΑ, ἈΓΑΛΛΙΑΜΑ
G5479
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHA-ra
Translations: joy, a joy, gladness, delight
Notes: This word refers to a state of inner gladness, delight, or joy. It is often used to describe a deep-seated happiness that comes from a positive experience or a spiritual blessing. It can be used in sentences like 'He felt great joy' or 'There was much gladness among them.'
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΦΡΟΣΥΝΗ, ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΣΙΣ
Etymology: From the root χαίρω (chairō), meaning 'to rejoice' or 'to be glad'. It is related to the concept of grace or favor.
G3930
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: par-EX-ei
Translations: he will provide, he will give, he will furnish, he will offer, he will present
Notes: This is a compound verb meaning to provide, furnish, or give. It is formed from the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside' or 'from', and the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. In this form, it indicates a future action of providing or giving something.
Inflection: Future, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΠΑΡΑΣΧΩ, ΠΡΟΣΦΕΡΩ
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: KOO-ree-oss
Translations: Lord, a Lord, master, a master, owner, an owner, sir
Notes: This word refers to a person who has authority, control, or ownership over something or someone. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their supreme authority and sovereignty. It can also be used in a more general sense for a human master or owner.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΑΥΘΕΝΤΗΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Greek word κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'supreme power' or 'authority'. It signifies one who possesses power and authority, thus a lord or master.
G2005
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-pee-teh-LEIN
Translations: to complete, to finish, to perform, to accomplish, to carry out, to execute, to bring to an end
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb ἘΠΙΤΕΛΕΩ. It means to bring something to completion, to finish a task, or to perform an action. It implies carrying out a duty or fulfilling a purpose, often with the sense of bringing it to a successful conclusion. It can be used in contexts where one is commanded or expected to perform certain actions or duties.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙΤΕΛΕΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to', and the verb ΤΕΛΕΩ (teleo), meaning 'to finish' or 'to complete'. Thus, it literally means 'to finish upon' or 'to bring to completion'.
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G3149
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: mar-ty-REE-oo
Translations: of testimony, of witness, of witness-bearing, of evidence, of a testimony
Notes: This word refers to a testimony, witness, or evidence. It is often used in a legal or religious context to denote a declaration of truth or a statement given as proof. In the provided examples, it refers to the 'tabernacle of testimony' or 'house of testimony', indicating a place where God's presence and commands were manifested as a witness to His people.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΣ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ
G2250
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: HEE-meh-ran
Translations: day, a day
Notes: This is a feminine noun meaning 'day'. It refers to a period of 24 hours, or more generally, a specific point in time or an era. It is used as the direct object of a verb or after certain prepositions that take the accusative case.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΡΟΣ, ΧΡΟΝΟΣ
G1079
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ge-NEH-thlee-on
Translations: of birth, birthday, natal
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'of birth' or 'natal'. It is often used in the context of a 'birthday' or 'birthday feast', typically modifying a noun like 'day' (ἡμέρα) to mean 'birthday'. It describes something related to the act of being born or the anniversary of a birth.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word γενέθλιος (genéthlios) is derived from the Greek word γένεσις (génesis), meaning 'origin' or 'birth'. It relates to the concept of coming into being.
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G4264, G118
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: pro-ay-thlay-KO-tohn
Translations: of those who have contended before, of those who have struggled beforehand, of those who have competed previously
Notes: This word is a compound participle, combining the prefix 'προ-' (pro-), meaning 'before' or 'previously', with the verb 'ἀθλέω' (athleō), meaning 'to contend', 'to struggle', or 'to compete'. Thus, it refers to those who have previously engaged in a struggle or competition. It is used to describe individuals who have already undergone a significant effort or contest.
Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΑΓΩΝΙΣΑΜΕΝΩΝ, ΠΡΟΜΑΧΕΣΑΜΕΝΩΝ
G3420
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: MNEE-main
Translations: remembrance, memory, a remembrance, a memory
Notes: This word refers to the faculty of memory or the act of remembering. It can denote a recollection, a memorial, or the state of being remembered. It is often used in contexts relating to recalling past events, people, or divine acts.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΜΝΕΙΑ, ΑΝΑΜΝΗΣΙΣ
G3195
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: MEL-lon-TON
Translations: (of) those about to, (of) future (things/people), (of) those going to, (of) those intending to
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'μέλλω' (mellō), which means 'to be about to', 'to intend to', or 'to be destined to'. As a participle, it describes someone or something that is on the verge of doing something or that pertains to the future. It often indicates an imminent action or a future state.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΩΝ, ΜΕΛΛΟΝΤΕΣ, ΜΕΛΛΟΥΣΩΝ
G0778
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: as-KAY-sin
Translations: training, discipline, exercise, practice
Notes: This word refers to a rigorous training or discipline, often in a physical or moral sense. It implies a systematic practice or exercise aimed at achieving proficiency or a particular state. It can be used to describe military training, athletic exercise, or even spiritual discipline.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΑΙΔΕΙΑ, ΓΥΜΝΑΣΙΑ
G2091
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: eh-toy-mah-SEE-an
Translations: preparation, a preparation, readiness, a readiness
Notes: This word refers to the act or state of being prepared or ready for something. It can denote the process of making something ready or the state of preparedness itself. It is often used in contexts where something is being set up or made available for a specific purpose.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΟΤΗΣ, ΠΑΡΑΣΚΕΥΗ
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