Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Polycarp of Smyrna / Martyrdom of Polycarp / Chapter 19Martyrdom of Polycarp, Chapter 19
Interlinear version from Polycarp of Smyrna (Beta)
G5108
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: toy-OW-tah
Translations: such things, such, of such a kind, these things
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'such' or 'of such a kind'. It is used to refer to things that have been previously mentioned or are implied by the context, indicating their nature or quality. It often functions as a substantive, meaning 'such things' or 'people of such a kind'.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΙΟΣ, ΤΟΣΟΥΤΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: KAH-tah
Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along
Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G3107
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: mah-KAH-ree-on
Translations: blessed, happy, fortunate, a blessed one, a happy one, a fortunate one
Notes: This word describes someone or something as blessed, happy, or fortunate. It is often used to describe a state of spiritual well-being or divine favor. It can be used to describe people, but also abstract concepts or states of being, indicating a desirable or enviable condition.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΥΛΟΓΗΤΟΣ, ΕΥΤΥΧΗΣ
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: po-ly-KAR-pon
Translations: fruitful, very fruitful, abundant in fruit, a fruitful thing
Notes: This word describes something that produces much fruit or is very productive. It is a compound word formed from 'πολύς' (much, many) and 'καρπός' (fruit). It can be used to describe a person, a tree, or even a land that yields abundantly.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΥΚΑΡΠΟΣ, ΚΑΡΠΟΦΟΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word is derived from the Greek 'πολύς' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many', and 'καρπός' (karpos), meaning 'fruit' or 'produce'.
G3739
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Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction
Sounds like: HOS
Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when
Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.
G4862
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: soon
Translations: with, together with, along with
Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.
Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G0575
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: AH-po
Translations: from, away from, out of, off, (of), by, since, after
Notes: ἈΠΟ is a common Koine Greek preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or source. It is always used with the genitive case. It can mean 'from' or 'away from' a place or person, indicating movement away. It can also denote the cause or agent ('by'), or a temporal starting point ('since', 'after').
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἘΚ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'off' and 'of'.
G5360
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: phi-la-del-PHI-as
Translations: of brotherly love, of brotherly affection, of love for the brethren, of Philadelphia
Notes: This word refers to brotherly love or affection for one's fellow human beings, especially those in a community or family. It is a compound word formed from 'φίλος' (philos), meaning 'beloved' or 'friend', and 'ἀδελφός' (adelphos), meaning 'brother'. It can also refer to the city of Philadelphia, which literally means 'city of brotherly love'. As a genitive case, it indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΠΗΣ, ΕΥΝΟΙΑΣ
G1427
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: doh-DEH-kah-toss
Translations: twelfth
Notes: This word is an ordinal adjective meaning 'twelfth'. It is used to indicate the position of something in a sequence, such as the twelfth person, the twelfth day, or the twelfth month. It functions like a regular adjective, modifying a noun.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine. It inflects for gender (masculine, feminine, neuter), number (singular, plural), and case (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative).
Etymology: From ΔΩΔΕΚΑ (DŌDEKA), meaning 'twelve'.
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G4667
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Noun
Sounds like: SMOOR-nay
Translations: Smyrna, Myrrh, a Myrrh
Notes: This word has two primary meanings. It can refer to Smyrna, an ancient city in Asia Minor, which was one of the seven churches addressed in the Book of Revelation. It can also refer to myrrh, an aromatic gum resin obtained from certain trees, often used as a perfume, incense, or anointing oil. In context, it can be used to refer to the city itself or the substance.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Genitive, Dative
Etymology: The word is of Semitic origin, likely from Aramaic or Arabic, referring to the aromatic gum resin. The city of Smyrna was named after this substance due to its abundance in the region or its trade.
G3140
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: mar-too-RAY-sas
Translations: having testified, having borne witness, having given testimony
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning it describes an action that was completed prior to the main verb of the sentence. It indicates someone who has already given testimony or borne witness to something. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can often be translated with a clause like 'the one who testified' or 'when he had testified'.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative Singular Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΡΩΝ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΑΣ
G3441
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MOH-nos
Translations: only, alone, single, a single one
Notes: This word describes something as being unique, solitary, or singular. It emphasizes exclusivity, meaning 'one and no other'. It can be used to describe a person, object, or concept that stands by itself or is the sole instance of something. For example, it can refer to someone being 'alone' or 'the only one' of a kind.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular. This word inflects for gender, number, and case (e.g., feminine ΜΟΝΗ, neuter ΜΟΝΟΝ, plural ΜΟΝΟΙ).
Synonyms: ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ, ΕΙΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *mon- (to remain, stay). It is related to the idea of being fixed or standing alone.
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tone
Translations: (of) all, (of) every, (of) everyone, (of) everything, (of) the whole
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'πᾶς' (pas), meaning 'all', 'every', or 'the whole'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for a plural group, signifying 'of all' or 'belonging to all'. It can refer to people, things, or concepts, encompassing a complete set or totality.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G3123
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: MAHL-lon
Translations: more, rather, much more, especially
Notes: This word is a comparative adverb meaning 'more' or 'rather'. It is used to indicate a preference, a greater degree, or an intensification of something. It often appears in contexts where a comparison is being made, suggesting that one thing is true to a greater extent than another, or that one action is preferred over another. For example, it can mean 'more' in terms of quantity or intensity, or 'rather' when expressing a choice or preference.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΛΕΟΝ, ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ
Etymology: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ is a comparative adverb derived from an obsolete positive form related to the concept of 'much' or 'very'. It functions as the comparative degree of this implied positive.
G3421
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: MNEE-moh-NEV-eh-tai
Translations: is remembered, is mentioned, is called to mind
Notes: This verb is used in the passive voice, indicating that something or someone is remembered, brought to mind, or mentioned. It describes an action being performed upon the subject, rather than the subject performing the action.
Inflection: Present, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΜΝΗΜΟΝΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΜΝΗΜΟΝΕΥΣΘΑΙ
G5620
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: HOH-steh
Translations: so that, in order that, consequently, therefore, with the result that
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause of result or purpose. It indicates that what follows is a consequence or the intended outcome of what was previously stated. It can also introduce an infinitive clause to express result.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΔΙΟ
Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs), meaning 'as' or 'how', combined with the particle τε (te), meaning 'and' or 'also'. It developed to express result or consequence.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G1484
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ETH-nohn
Translations: of nations, of Gentiles, of peoples, of the nations, of the Gentiles, of the peoples
Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people, or a group of people, often specifically used in the New Testament to refer to non-Jewish people, i.e., the Gentiles. It is used here in the genitive plural, indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of nations' or 'of Gentiles'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tee
Translations: (to) all, (to) every, (to) each
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'each'. It is used to describe a noun, indicating that the quality or action applies to the entirety of something or to every individual member of a group. In this dative singular form, it often translates to 'to all', 'to every', or 'to each', depending on the context of the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G5117
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TOH-poh
Translations: to a place, in a place, at a place, a place
Notes: This word refers to a specific location, area, or region. It is often used to indicate where an action takes place or where something is situated. In the provided examples, it is used with the preposition 'ἐν' (en), meaning 'in' or 'at', to denote a specific location.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΟΙΚΟΣ
G2980
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LAH-lee-STHAI
Translations: to be spoken, to be said, to be talked about
Notes: This word is the present passive infinitive form of the verb 'laleō', meaning 'to speak' or 'to talk'. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often translated as 'to be spoken' or 'to be said'. It indicates an action that is being spoken or talked about by someone.
Inflection: Present, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΕΣΘΑΙ, ΕΙΡΗΣΘΑΙ
Etymology: The word 'laleō' is of imitative origin, likely derived from the sound of babbling or chattering. It is an onomatopoeic word, reflecting the sound of speech.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G3440
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective
Sounds like: MO-non
Translations: only, alone, merely, a single, a solitary
Notes: This word can function as an adverb meaning 'only' or 'merely', indicating exclusivity or limitation. It can also be the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ΜΟΝΟΣ', meaning 'alone' or 'solitary', describing something as being by itself or unique. In its adverbial use, it often modifies verbs or clauses to emphasize that something is done exclusively or that a condition applies solely to one thing.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)
Synonyms: ΜΟΝΩΣ, ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ
G1320
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: di-DAS-ka-los
Translations: teacher, a teacher, master, instructor
Notes: This word refers to a teacher, instructor, or master. It is used to denote someone who imparts knowledge or provides instruction, often in a formal or authoritative capacity. It can be used in various contexts, from a general educator to a religious or philosophical leader.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΗΓΗΤΗΣ, ΡΑΒΒΙ
Etymology: From the Greek verb διδάσκω (didaskō), meaning 'to teach', combined with the suffix -καλος (-kalos), which forms nouns indicating a person who performs the action of the verb. Thus, it literally means 'one who teaches'.
G1096
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: geh-NO-meh-nos
Translations: having become, being, happened, arisen, a having become, a being
Notes: This word is an aorist middle participle of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become', 'to happen', or 'to come into being'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or is completed in relation to the main verb of the sentence. It can be translated as 'having become', 'being', or 'when he/it became'. It often indicates a state or condition resulting from a past action.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΕΓΕΝΗΘΗ
G1978
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ep-EE-see-mos
Translations: notable, distinguished, prominent, remarkable, famous, a notable, a distinguished
Notes: This word describes something or someone that is notable, distinguished, or remarkable. It can refer to a person who is prominent or famous, or to a day or event that is significant and memorable. It is often used to highlight something that stands out or is particularly important.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΝΔΟΞΟΣ, ΠΕΡΙΒΛΕΠΤΟΣ, ΓΝΩΣΤΟΣ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐπί (epi, 'upon, on') and σῆμα (sēma, 'sign, mark'). It literally means 'having a mark upon it' or 'marked upon', hence 'distinguished' or 'notable'.
G0235
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: AL-lah
Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed
Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.
G3144
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: MAR-toos
Translations: witness, a witness, martyr, a martyr
Notes: This word refers to a witness, someone who gives testimony or evidence, often in a legal or judicial context. In later Christian usage, it also came to mean a 'martyr,' someone who bears witness to their faith by suffering death. It can be used to describe a person who has seen or heard something and can provide an account of it, or someone who attests to the truth of something.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΟΝ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ
Etymology: The word ΜΑΡΤΥΣ comes from an ancient root meaning 'to remember' or 'to be mindful of,' which evolved to mean 'to bear witness' or 'to testify.'
G1849
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: EX-okh-os
Translations: excellent, eminent, distinguished, preeminent, a distinguished one
Notes: This word describes someone or something that is outstanding, prominent, or of superior quality. It is used to denote a person or thing that stands out above others due to their excellence or high status. For example, it could describe an excellent leader or a distinguished work.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΦΑΝΗΣ, ΔΙΑΠΡΕΠΗΣ, ΕΝΔΟΞΟΣ
Etymology: From the preposition ἐκ (ek, "out of") and the noun ὀχή (ochē, "a holding, support"), related to ἔχω (echō, "to have, hold"). It literally means "standing out" or "holding oneself out" from others.
G3756, G3757
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when
Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)
Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ
Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G3142
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: mar-too-REE-on
Translations: testimony, a testimony, witness, a witness, evidence, a proof
Notes: This word refers to a testimony, witness, or evidence. It is used to describe something that provides proof or confirmation of a fact or event. It can refer to the act of bearing witness or the content of what is testified.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΣ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ
Etymology: From G3144 (μάρτυς, 'martys'), meaning 'witness'. It refers to that which is borne witness to, or the content of a witness's testimony.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tes
Translations: all, every, whole
Notes: This word means 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate the totality or completeness of a group or quantity, often referring to 'all' members of a set or 'every' single item. It can also mean 'whole' when referring to a single entity.
Inflection: Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: HOLOS
G1937
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-pee-thoo-MOO-seen
Translations: they desire, they long for, they covet, they lust after
Notes: This word describes a strong desire or longing for something, often with an implication of eagerness or even covetousness. It can be used in both positive and negative contexts, referring to a legitimate desire or an illicit craving. It is typically followed by an infinitive or a noun in the genitive case to indicate what is desired.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ, ΘΕΛΩ, ΟΡΕΓΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word Ἐπιθυμέω (epithymeō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'towards,' and the verb θυμέω (thymeō), meaning 'to be eager' or 'to rush on,' which is related to θυμός (thymos), meaning 'passion' or 'spirit.' Thus, it literally means 'to set one's passion upon' something.
G3401
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: mee-MEH-sthai
Translations: to imitate, to mimic, to emulate, to follow
Notes: This word means to imitate, mimic, or emulate someone or something. It is often used in the sense of following an example, whether good or bad. It is a deponent verb, meaning it has a passive form but an active meaning.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΖΗΛΟΩ, ΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΕΩ
Etymology: The word μιμέομαι (mimeomai) comes from μῖμος (mimos), meaning 'imitator' or 'actor'. It is the source of English words like 'mimic' and 'mime'.
G2098
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: yoo-ang-GEL-ee-on
Translations: gospel, good news, a gospel, the good news
Notes: This word refers to a message of good news or glad tidings. In a religious context, particularly in Christianity, it specifically refers to the good news of salvation through Jesus Christ. It is a compound word formed from the prefix ΕΥ̓- (eu-), meaning 'good' or 'well', and ἈΓΓΕΛΙΟΝ (angelion), meaning 'message' or 'announcement'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΓΜΑ, ΛΟΓΟΣ, ΜΗΝΥΜΑ
Etymology: The word ΕΥ̓ΑΓΓΕΛΙΟΝ is derived from the Greek prefix ΕΥ̓- (eu-), meaning 'good' or 'well', and the noun ἈΓΓΕΛΙΟΝ (angelion), meaning 'message' or 'announcement', which itself comes from ἈΓΓΕΛΛΩ (angello), 'to announce'. It originally referred to a reward for bringing good news, and later to the good news itself.
G5547
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: khri-STOO
Translations: of Christ, of the Anointed One, of the Messiah
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ' (Christos), meaning 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. It refers to the one chosen and consecrated by God, particularly Jesus. As a genitive case, 'ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥ' indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated as 'of Christ' or 'belonging to Christ'. It can be used to describe something that pertains to Christ or is from Christ.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ, ΕΚΛΕΚΤΟΣ
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: geh-NO-meh-non
Translations: having become, having happened, having been, having been born, that which has come into being, a thing that has happened
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ginomai', meaning 'to become' or 'to happen'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred. It can function as an adjective, describing a noun, or as a noun itself, referring to 'that which has come into being' or 'a thing that has happened'. It implies a state of being or an event that has taken place.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Singular, Neuter
Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΣ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G5281
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hoo-po-mo-NAYS
Translations: of endurance, of patience, of perseverance, of steadfastness
Notes: This word refers to the act of remaining under or enduring, often with a sense of steadfastness or patient waiting. It is a compound word formed from 'ὑπό' (hypo), meaning 'under', and 'μένω' (menō), meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide'. It describes the capacity to bear up under difficult circumstances without giving in or losing hope, often implying an active, rather than passive, resistance to adversity. It can be used in contexts of enduring trials, waiting patiently for a promise, or steadfastly holding to one's faith.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΡΤΕΡΙΑ, ΑΝΔΡΕΙΑ, ΕΓΚΡΑΤΕΙΑ
Etymology: The word ΥΠΟΜΟΝΗ (hypomonē) is derived from the Greek preposition ὑπό (hypo), meaning 'under', and the verb μένω (menō), meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide'. It literally means 'a remaining under' or 'a patient enduring'.
G2643
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: kah-tah-goh-NEE-sah-meh-nos
Translations: having overcome, having conquered, having contended against, having struggled against
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb meaning 'to contend against' or 'to struggle against'. It describes an action that has been completed in the past, indicating that the subject has successfully overcome or conquered something or someone after a struggle. It is often used to describe a victory achieved through effort or conflict.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist, Middle, Participle
Synonyms: ΝΙΚΗΣΑΣ, ΥΠΟΤΑΞΑΣ, ΚΡΑΤΗΣΑΣ
G0094
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ah-DI-kon
Translations: unjust, unrighteous, wrong, a wrong thing, an unjust thing
Notes: This word describes something that is not just, right, or righteous. It can refer to an action, a person, or a state of being that is contrary to justice or divine law. When used as a noun, it often refers to an unrighteous act or a wrong.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ἈΝΟΜΟΣ, ἈΣΕΒΗΣ
G0758
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AR-khon-tah
Translations: ruler, a ruler, leader, a leader, prince, a prince, official, an official
Notes: This word refers to a person in a position of authority, such as a ruler, leader, or official. It is used to describe someone who holds power or has a leading role in a community or government. It can be used in various contexts to denote a person of high rank or influence.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ
G3779
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OO-tohs
Translations: thus, so, in this way, in such a way
Notes: This adverb indicates manner or degree, meaning 'in this way,' 'thus,' or 'so.' It can refer back to something previously mentioned or forward to something about to be stated. It often introduces a consequence or result, showing how something is done or to what extent.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΩΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (OUTOS), meaning 'this' or 'that'.
G861
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: af-thar-SEE-as
Translations: of incorruption, of immortality, of imperishability
Notes: This word refers to the state of being incorruptible, immortal, or imperishable. It is often used in a theological context to describe the eternal nature of God or the resurrected body, which is no longer subject to decay or death. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'α-' (not) and 'φθαρσία' (corruption, decay).
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΘΑΝΑΣΙΑ, ΑΦΘΟΡΙΑ
Etymology: The word ΑΦΘΑΡΣΙΑ (aphtharsia) is derived from the negative prefix ἀ- (a-, 'not') and φθαρσία (phtharsia, 'corruption' or 'decay'), which itself comes from φθείρω (phtheirō, 'to corrupt' or 'to destroy'). Thus, it literally means 'non-corruption' or 'indestructibility'.
G4735
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: steh-FAH-non
Translations: crown, a crown, wreath, a wreath, garland, a garland
Notes: This word refers to a crown, wreath, or garland, typically worn on the head as a symbol of royalty, victory, honor, or festive adornment. It can be made of various materials, such as gold, leaves, or flowers. In a sentence, it would function as a direct object when in the accusative case, indicating the thing being given, worn, or possessed.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΔΗΜΑ, ΚΟΡΩΝΙΣ
G0618
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-po-lah-BOHN
Translations: receiving, having received, taking back, recovering, getting back, obtaining, enjoying
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'apolambanō', meaning to receive, take back, or recover. It often implies receiving something that is due or expected, or taking something back that was previously given or lost. It can also mean to obtain or enjoy something. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by the subject of the main verb, often indicating a preceding or simultaneous action.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative Masculine Singular
Synonyms: LAMBANŌ, DECHOMAI, KOMIZŌ
Etymology: The word ἀπολαμβάνω (apolambanō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb λαμβάνω (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. The prefix ἀπό often intensifies the action or indicates separation or completion.
G0652
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-po-STO-loys
Translations: to apostles, for apostles
Notes: This word refers to those who are sent out with a specific mission or message, often with authority. In a Christian context, it most commonly refers to the twelve disciples of Jesus Christ who were sent out to preach the Gospel, or to other early Christian leaders like Paul who were given a special commission. It is used here in the dative case, indicating the recipient or beneficiary of an action, such as following or giving something to them.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΚΕΣ, ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΣΤΑΙ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAH-sin
Translations: to all, for all, with all, by all, in all
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all' or 'every'. It is used to indicate totality or completeness, often modifying a noun to show that something applies to every member of a group or every part of a whole. In this dative plural form, it typically translates as 'to all', 'for all', 'with all', or 'in all', depending on the context.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G1342
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: dee-KAI-oys
Translations: to the righteous, for the righteous, by the righteous, with the righteous, righteous
Notes: This word describes someone or something as being righteous, just, or upright. It is used to refer to those who act in accordance with divine or moral law. In the provided examples, it is used in the dative case, indicating 'to' or 'for' the righteous ones, or in the plural, referring to 'the righteous' people.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΣΕΒΗΣ, ΟΣΙΟΣ, ΑΓΙΟΣ
G0021
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: ah-gal-lee-OH-meh-nos
Translations: rejoicing, exulting, being overjoyed, one who rejoices
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'agalliaō', meaning 'to rejoice greatly' or 'to exult'. As a participle, it describes someone who is in a state of rejoicing or exultation. It can function adjectivally, describing a noun, or adverbially, indicating the manner of an action.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Middle/Passive, Participle
Synonyms: ΧΑΊΡΩΝ, ΕΥ̓ΦΡΑΙΝΌΜΕΝΟΣ
G1392
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dox-AH-zei
Translations: to glorify, to praise, to honor, to magnify
Notes: This verb means to glorify, praise, or honor someone or something. It is often used in a religious context to describe the act of giving glory or honor to God. It can also mean to magnify or make glorious. In a sentence, it would describe an action where a subject is giving honor or praise to an object.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΤΙΜΑΩ, ΑΙΝΕΩ, ΜΕΓΑΛΥΝΩ
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: theh-ON
Translations: God, a God
Notes: This word refers to God, a god, or a deity. It is used as the direct object in a sentence, indicating the recipient of an action or the one being referred to. For example, one might 'worship God' (where 'God' would be in the accusative case).
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ
G3962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pa-TEH-ra
Translations: father, a father
Notes: This word refers to a father or a male parent. It is used in a general sense to denote a biological father, an ancestor, or even a spiritual father figure. In this form, it functions as the direct object of a verb or preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
G3841
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pan-toh-KRA-toh-ra
Translations: the Almighty, the Omnipotent One
Notes: This word refers to God as the all-ruling or all-powerful one. It is a compound word formed from 'πᾶς' (pas), meaning 'all', and 'κράτος' (kratos), meaning 'strength' or 'power'. It is commonly used to describe God's absolute sovereignty and power over all creation.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΣΤΗΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ
G2127
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: yoo-lo-GEH-ee
Translations: bless, praise, speak well of
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the Greek prefix ΕΥ̓ (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good', and the verb ΛΟΓΕΩ (logeō), meaning 'to speak'. Therefore, it literally means 'to speak well of'. It is commonly used to express the act of blessing someone or something, praising God, or invoking divine favor. It can also mean to speak favorably about someone or something.
Inflection: Present, Active, Imperative, 2nd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΑἸΝΕΩ, ΥΜΝΕΩ
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KOO-ree-on
Translations: Lord, a Lord, master, a master, owner, an owner
Notes: This word means 'Lord,' 'master,' or 'owner.' It is frequently used in ancient Greek texts, including the New Testament, to refer to God or Jesus Christ, or to a human master or owner. As an accusative singular form, it typically functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition, indicating 'the Lord' or 'a Lord' as the recipient of an action.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΘΕΟΣ
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hay-MOHN
Translations: of us, our
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of us' or 'our'. It indicates possession or origin related to a group of speakers. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of us' or 'our house'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, First Person
G2424
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ee-ay-SOON
Translations: Jesus, Joshua
Notes: This is a proper name, the Greek form of the Hebrew name 'Joshua'. It refers primarily to Jesus Christ, the central figure of Christianity. It can also refer to other individuals named Joshua in the Old Testament or other historical figures. In a sentence, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: The Greek name ἸΗΣΟΥΣ (Iēsous) is a transliteration of the Hebrew name יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (Yehoshua), meaning 'Yahweh is salvation' or 'Yahweh saves'.
G5547
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHRIS-ton
Translations: Christ, the Christ, Anointed One, the Anointed One
Notes: This word refers to the 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah'. In the New Testament, it is primarily used as a title for Jesus, signifying his role as the promised deliverer. It is often used with the definite article 'the' (the Christ) or as a proper name (Christ). As an accusative form, it would typically function as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ
G4990
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: so-TEE-ra
Translations: Savior, a Savior, Deliverer, Preserver
Notes: This word refers to a savior, deliverer, or preserver. It is a masculine noun and is used to describe someone who brings salvation or rescue. In the provided examples, it is used in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition, often referring to God or Christ as 'the Savior'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΛΥΤΡΩΤΗΣ, ΡΥΣΤΗΣ
G5590
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: psy-KHOHN
Translations: of souls, of lives, of spirits, of minds, of breaths
Notes: This word refers to the genitive plural form of 'psyche,' which means soul, life, spirit, or mind. It is often used to denote the inner self, the animating principle of a living being, or the seat of emotions, desires, and affections. In a broader sense, it can refer to life itself or a living being. As a genitive plural, it indicates possession or relationship, meaning 'belonging to souls' or 'of souls.'
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΝΕΥΜΑΤΩΝ, ΖΩΩΝ
G2941
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: koo-ber-NAY-tayn
Translations: a pilot, a helmsman, a governor, a shipmaster
Notes: This word refers to someone who steers a ship, a pilot or a helmsman. By extension, it can also refer to a governor or ruler, someone who guides or directs affairs, much like a pilot guides a ship. It is used to describe a leader or one in authority.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΝΑΥΚΛΗΡΟΣ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΑΡΧΩΝ
G4983
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: SOH-mah-TON
Translations: of bodies, of persons, of slaves
Notes: This word refers to the physical body, a person, or a slave. It is often used in the plural to refer to multiple bodies or people, and in the genitive case, it indicates possession or relationship, such as 'belonging to bodies' or 'concerning bodies'. In some contexts, it can specifically refer to slaves or servants.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΣΑΡΚΩΝ, ΨΥΧΩΝ, ΔΟΥΛΩΝ
G4166
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: poy-MEH-nah
Translations: shepherd, a shepherd, pastor, a pastor
Notes: This word refers to a shepherd, someone who tends and cares for sheep. It can also be used metaphorically to describe a leader, a guide, or a spiritual pastor who cares for a flock of people. In its literal sense, it describes a person whose occupation is to look after sheep. In a figurative sense, it describes someone who provides guidance and protection, much like a shepherd protects their flock.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΚΟΛΟΣ, ΑΙΠΟΛΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G3625
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oy-koo-MEH-nen
Translations: the inhabited earth, the world, the Roman Empire
Notes: This word refers to the inhabited earth, often specifically the Roman Empire during the time of the New Testament. It can also refer more generally to the entire world or a specific region that is populated. It is used to describe the scope of events or authority, such as a decree affecting the whole world.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΟΣΜΟΣ, ΓΗ
Etymology: The word ΟΙΚΟΥΜΕΝΗ (oikoumenē) is the feminine present passive participle of the verb ΟΙΚΕΩ (oikeō), meaning 'to inhabit' or 'to dwell'. It literally means 'the inhabited (land)' or 'that which is inhabited'.
G2519
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: kah-tho-lee-KEES
Translations: of universal, of general, of catholic
Notes: This word describes something that is universal, general, or pertaining to the whole. It is often used in the context of the 'universal church' or 'general epistles'. It indicates something that applies to all or is comprehensive in scope.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΟΙΝΟΣ, ΟΛΟΣ, ΠΑΣ
G1577
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ek-klee-SEE-as
Translations: of church, of assembly, of congregation
Notes: This word refers to a gathering or assembly of people, often with a religious or political purpose. In the New Testament, it commonly refers to the Christian church or a local congregation of believers. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐκ' (out of) and 'καλέω' (to call), meaning 'a calling out' or 'an assembly of those called out'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩΓΗ, ΟΜΙΛΙΑ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἘΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ is derived from the Greek preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb καλέω (kaleō), meaning 'to call'. It originally referred to an assembly of citizens called out from their homes for public business.
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