Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Polycarp of Smyrna / Martyrdom of Polycarp / Chapter 7Martyrdom of Polycarp, Chapter 7
Interlinear version from Polycarp of Smyrna (Beta)
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: EKH-on-tes
Translations: having, holding, possessing, those who have, while having
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of having, holding, or possessing something. It functions like an adjective or adverb, providing additional information about the subject of a sentence, often translated as 'having' or 'those who have'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΟΙ, ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΝΤΕΣ
G3767
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: OON
Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed
Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G3808
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pai-DAH-ree-on
Translations: little child, a little child, boy, a boy, lad, a lad
Notes: This word refers to a small child, typically a boy, or a young servant. It is a diminutive form of the word 'ΠΑΙΣ' (PAIS), which means 'child' or 'servant', indicating a younger or smaller version. It is used in sentences to refer to a young male individual.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΑΙΣ, ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΝΕΑΝΙΣΚΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAY
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which
Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.
G3904
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pa-ra-ske-OO-ay
Translations: preparation, a preparation, equipment, provision, Friday
Notes: This word refers to the act of preparing or making ready for something. It can also denote the things that are prepared, such as equipment or provisions. In a specific religious context, it refers to the day of preparation for the Sabbath, which is Friday.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΑΣΙΑ, ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΗ
Etymology: From the Greek verb παρασκευάζω (paraskeuazō), meaning 'to prepare' or 'to get ready'. It is formed from παρά (para, 'beside, alongside') and σκευάζω (skeuazō, 'to prepare, to equip').
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
G1173
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DEEP-noo
Translations: of a dinner, of a supper, of a meal
Notes: This word refers to the main meal of the day, typically eaten in the evening, often translated as 'dinner' or 'supper'. It is used here in the genitive case, indicating possession or relationship, such as 'of a dinner' or 'belonging to a meal'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΡΙΣΤΟΝ, ΕΣΤΙΑΣΙΣ
G5610
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: HO-ran
Translations: hour, a hour, time, a time, season, a season
Notes: This word refers to a specific point in time, a period of time, or a particular season. It can denote a literal hour of the day, a specific occasion, or a broader period like a season of the year. It is used to indicate when something happens or the duration of an event.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΡΟΣ, ΧΡΟΝΟΣ
G1831
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ex-EHL-thon
Translations: they went out, they came out, they departed, they went forth, they came forth
Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist indicative active form of the verb "exerchomai," meaning "to go out" or "to come out." It describes an action of moving from an inside location to an outside one, or departing from a place. It can refer to people, animals, or even abstract concepts like spirits or words emerging.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΚΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΚΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (exerchomai) is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕΚ (ek), meaning "out of" or "from," and the verb ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (erchomai), meaning "to come" or "to go." Thus, its etymological meaning is literally "to come/go out from."
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-ohg-MEE-tai
Translations: pursuers, persecutors, chasers
Notes: This word refers to those who pursue or persecute. It is a plural noun, indicating multiple individuals engaged in such an action. It can describe people who chase after others, either literally in pursuit or figuratively in persecution.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΙΩΚΤΑΙ, ΚΥΝΗΓΟΙ
Etymology: The word ΔΙΩΓΜΙΤΗΣ is derived from the Greek verb διώκω (diōkō), meaning 'to pursue' or 'to persecute', and the noun διωγμός (diōgmos), meaning 'persecution' or 'pursuit'. The suffix -ίτης (-itēs) is used to form nouns denoting a person associated with or belonging to something.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G2462
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hip-PEIS
Translations: horsemen, cavalry, a horseman
Notes: This word refers to horsemen or cavalry. It is used to describe individuals who ride horses, especially in a military context, or a group of such individuals. It can also refer to the cavalry as a military unit.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΙΠΠΟΤΑΙ, ΙΠΠΟΔΡΟΜΟΙ
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides
Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G4914
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: soon-AY-thohn
Translations: of customary, of habitual, of familiar, of accustomed, of usual, of companions, of associates
Notes: This word describes something that is customary, habitual, or familiar. It can also refer to people who are companions or associates, those with whom one is accustomed to being. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (with, together) and the noun ΗΘΟΣ (custom, habit).
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΘΙΜΟΣ, ΕΓΚΡΑΤΗΣ, ΟΙΚΕΙΟΣ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOYS
Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her
Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
G3696
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OP-lon
Translations: of arms, of weapons, of armor, of implements, of tools
Notes: This word refers to instruments or tools of any kind, but most commonly to weapons, arms, or armor used in warfare. It can also refer to implements or tools in a broader sense. As a genitive plural, it indicates possession or origin, often translated with "of" or implying a relationship to the arms/weapons.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΑΧΑΙΡΑ, ΞΙΦΟΣ, ΠΑΝΟΠΛΙΑ
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEE
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to
Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.
G3027
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: lees-TEEN
Translations: robber, a robber, bandit, a bandit, revolutionary, a revolutionary
Notes: This word refers to a robber, bandit, or brigand. In some contexts, especially during the Roman occupation of Judea, it could also refer to a revolutionary or insurgent who engaged in violent acts. It is used to describe someone who takes property by force or engages in rebellious activities.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΛΕΠΤΗΣ, ΑΡΠΑΞ
G5143
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: TRE-khon-tes
Translations: running, those who run
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to run'. It describes someone or something that is in the act of running. It can function like an adjective, modifying a noun, or like a noun itself, referring to 'those who are running'.
Inflection: Present Active Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter, Plural
Synonyms: ΔΡΑΜΟΝΤΕΣ, ΦΕΥΓΟΝΤΕΣ
G3796
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OP-seh
Translations: late, in the evening, at evening, evening
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'late' or 'in the evening'. It is used to indicate a time of day, specifically the latter part of the day or night. It can describe when an event occurs, such as 'he arrived late' or 'they departed in the evening'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ὈΨΙΑ
Etymology: From the same root as ὈΨΙΟΣ (opsios), meaning 'late'. It is related to the concept of 'seeing' or 'appearing', as the evening is when things become less visible or 'appear' later in the day.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G5610
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OH-ras
Translations: of an hour, of a time, of a season, of a moment, of a day, of a time of day
Notes: This word refers to a specific period of time, such as an hour, a season, or a particular moment. It can also denote a specific time of day or a critical juncture. In this genitive form, it often indicates possession or a relationship, such as 'of an hour' or 'belonging to a time'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΡΟΥ, ΧΡΟΝΟΥ
G4905
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: soon-ep-el-THON-tes
Translations: having come together, having gone together, having accompanied, having attacked together
Notes: This word is a compound participle, formed from the prefixes 'συν-' (together with) and 'ἐπι-' (upon, to, against) combined with the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (to come or go). It describes an action of coming or going together with others, often with the implication of accompanying someone or joining in an action, sometimes even an attack. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and indicates an action completed in the past.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΛΘΟΝΤΕΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΕΝΟΙ
G1565
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: eh-KAY-non
Translations: that (one), him, it
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'that' or 'that one'. It refers to something distant in space or time, or something previously mentioned or understood from the context. As a pronoun, it can stand alone, meaning 'that one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'that [noun]'. In this form, it is used for a masculine singular object of a verb or preposition.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ὉΔΕ
Etymology: The word ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ (ekeinos) is derived from the adverb ἐκεῖ (ekei), meaning 'there'. It refers to something 'over there' or 'that one there', indicating distance.
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G2147
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EU-ron
Translations: I found, they found, I have found, they have found
Notes: This is a form of the verb 'to find' or 'to discover'. It can refer to the act of locating something, encountering something, or even understanding or realizing something. It is often used in narratives to describe the outcome of a search or an unexpected discovery.
Inflection: Aorist Indicative, Active, First Person Singular or Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΑΝΕΥΡΙΣΚΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΕΠΙΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G5253
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hoo-per-OH-oh
Translations: upper room, upper chamber, roof, a roof
Notes: This word refers to an upper room or an upper chamber in a house or building. It can also refer to the roof or the flat rooftop area, which was often used for various activities in ancient times. It is a common noun used to describe a specific part of a structure.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΝΩΓΕΟΝ, ΔΩΜΑ
Etymology: The word is derived from the preposition ΥΠΕΡ (hyper), meaning 'over' or 'above', combined with a noun related to 'seeing' or 'place'. It literally refers to a place that is 'above' or 'over' something else.
G2621
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: kah-tah-KAY-meh-non
Translations: lying down, reclining, lying ill, laid up
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'κατάκειμαι', meaning 'to lie down' or 'to recline'. It is often used to describe someone who is lying in bed, either resting or, more commonly, due to illness. It can also refer to something that is laid down or situated. It is a compound word formed from 'κατά' (down) and 'κεῖμαι' (to lie).
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Neuter, Present, Middle/Passive, Participle
Synonyms: ΚΕΙΜΑΙ, ΑΝΑΚΕΙΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word ΚΑΤΑΚΕΙΜΑΙ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ΚΕΙΜΑΙ (keimai), meaning 'to lie' or 'to be laid'.
G2532, G1564
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: kah-KAY-then
Translations: and from there, thence, from that place
Notes: This word is a compound, formed from the conjunction 'καὶ' (and) and the adverb 'ἐκεῖθεν' (from there). It means 'and from there' or 'thence', indicating a continuation of action or movement from a previously mentioned place or point in time. It is used to connect a new action or event to a preceding one, often implying a sequence of locations or steps.
Inflection: Does not inflect
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G1410
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-DY-nah-toh
Translations: was able, could, had power
Notes: This word is the imperfect indicative form of the verb 'δύναμαι' (dynamai), meaning 'to be able' or 'to have power'. It describes an ongoing or repeated ability or capacity in the past. It is often used to express what someone or something was capable of doing or not doing.
Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΩ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΩ
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G2087
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: EH-teh-ron
Translations: another, other, different, a different thing, an other thing
Notes: This word means 'another' or 'other', emphasizing a difference in kind or quality from something else. It is used to refer to something distinct or different from what has been previously mentioned or implied. For example, it might be used to say 'another person' or 'a different kind of thing'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΕΤΕΡΟΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'one of two' or 'the other'. It is related to the English word 'other'.
G5561
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kho-REE-on
Translations: field, a field, piece of land, a piece of land, place, a place, region, a region, country, a country, village, a village
Notes: This word refers to a specific piece of land, a field, or a defined area. It can also denote a region, country, or even a village. It is often used to describe a plot of ground, especially one used for agriculture or as a dwelling place.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΓΡΟΣ, ΤΟΠΟΣ, ΚΩΜΗ
Etymology: ΧΩΡΙΟΝ is a diminutive of χῶρος (chōros), meaning 'place' or 'space'. Over time, it came to specifically denote a smaller, defined area, such as a field or a village.
G0565
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ap-EL-thayn
Translations: to go away, to depart, to leave, to go back
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb ἀπέρχομαι (aperchomai), meaning 'to go away' or 'to depart'. It is used to express the action of leaving a place or person, or going back to a previous location. It can be used in various contexts to indicate movement away from something.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ, ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ
G0243
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Part of Speech: Prefix
Sounds like: ALL
Translations: other, another, different, foreign
Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.
G1014
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-boo-lee-THEH
Translations: he wished, he desired, he wanted, he purposed, he determined
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to wish', 'to desire', 'to want', 'to purpose', or 'to determine'. It describes someone's will or intention to do something. It is often used to express a strong inclination or decision.
Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive
Synonyms: ΘΕΛΩ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ
Etymology: The word ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ (boulomai) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *gwelh₁- meaning 'to throw, reach', which developed into the sense of 'to choose, to wish'.
G2036
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ay-PONE
Translations: having said, saying, speaking, after saying
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having said' or 'after saying'. It describes an action that was completed before the main verb of the sentence. It is often used to introduce direct or indirect speech, indicating that someone has spoken. For example, 'Having said this, he left.'
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩΝ, ΛΑΛΩΝ, ΦΑΣΚΩΝ
G2307
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: the-LEE-mah
Translations: will, desire, purpose, a will, a desire, a purpose
Notes: This word refers to a will, desire, or purpose, often implying a deliberate intention or choice. It can be used to describe the will of God, the will of a person, or a general intention. It is frequently used in contexts relating to divine purpose or human obedience to that purpose.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΗ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΙΑ
Etymology: From the verb θέλω (thelō), meaning 'to will, wish, desire'. It denotes the result or object of willing.
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAY-oo
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΘΕΟΣ' (theos), meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, the genitive case often indicates possession, origin, or relationship, similar to the English 'of' or the possessive apostrophe 's'. Therefore, 'ΘΕΟΥ' typically translates to 'of God' or 'of a god', depending on the context. It can refer to the one true God or to a pagan deity.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G1096
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: geh-NES-thoh
Translations: let it be, let it come to pass, may it happen, let it become
Notes: This word is a verb in the imperative mood, expressing a command, wish, or permission for something to happen or come into existence. It is often translated as "let it be" or "may it happen," indicating a desired outcome or a divine decree. It is used to express a command or a strong desire for an event or state to occur.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Singular, Aorist, Middle Voice, Imperative Mood
Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΓΙΓΝΟΜΑΙ, ΠΟΙΕΩ
Etymology: The word ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai) comes from an ancient Indo-European root meaning 'to come into being' or 'to be born'. It is related to the English word 'kin' and 'genesis'.
G0191
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: ah-koo-SAS
Translations: having heard, when he heard, after hearing
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having heard' or 'when he heard'. It describes an action that occurred prior to the main verb of the sentence. It is often used to introduce a clause that explains the circumstances or cause of the main action.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΠΥΝΘΑΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕἸΣΑΚΟΥΩ
G3918
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: pa-RON-tas
Translations: present, being present, those who are present, the ones present
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to be present'. It describes someone or something that is currently in a particular place or situation. It is often used to refer to 'those who are present' or 'the present ones' in a given context, functioning almost like a noun. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'He spoke to those who were present'.
Inflection: Masculine, Accusative, Plural, Present Active Participle
Synonyms: ΕΝΟΝΤΑΣ, ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΑΣ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOOS
Translations: them, themselves, these, those
Notes: This word is the masculine accusative plural form of the pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos). It is used to refer to a group of male or mixed-gender individuals as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It can mean 'them' or, when used emphatically, 'themselves'.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
G2597
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: kah-tah-BAS
Translations: descending, coming down, going down
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'καταβαίνω' (katabainō), meaning 'to go down' or 'to descend'. It describes an action of descending that has already occurred or is completed, often functioning adjectivally or adverbially to modify a noun or verb, indicating someone or something that has descended.
Inflection: Singular, Masculine, Nominative, Aorist Active Participle
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΙΣΧΥΩ
G1256
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dee-eh-LEKH-thay
Translations: he discussed, she discussed, it discussed, he disputed, she disputed, it disputed, he reasoned, she reasoned, it reasoned, he preached, she preached, it preached
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from διά (dia, meaning 'through' or 'apart') and λέγομαι (legomai, meaning 'to speak' or 'to say'). It means to discuss, dispute, reason, or preach, often implying a thorough or interactive exchange of words. It is used to describe someone engaging in a conversation, argument, or teaching session.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΣΥΖΗΤΕΩ, ΚΗΡΥΣΣΩ
G2296
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: thah-oo-MAH-zon-tohn
Translations: wondering, marveling, being amazed, admiring
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'wondering' or 'marveling'. It describes an ongoing action of being amazed or astonished. It is often used to describe people who are reacting with surprise or admiration to something remarkable.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΕΚΠΛΗΣΣΩ, ΘΑΜΒΕΩ
G3918
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Part of Speech: Participle, Noun
Sounds like: pah-RON-tohn
Translations: of those present, of the ones present, of the bystanders
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the present active participle of the verb 'to be present' (πάρειμι). It is often used substantively, meaning 'those who are present' or 'the bystanders'. It describes people who are physically in a particular place at a given time.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter, Present Active Participle
Synonyms: ΕΝΟΝΤΩΝ, ΥΠΑΡΧΟΝΤΩΝ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G2244
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: hay-lee-KEE-an
Translations: age, stature, time of life, a stature, an age
Notes: This word refers to a person's age, their physical stature or height, or a specific period or stage of life. It can be used to describe someone's maturity or physical development.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΟΣ, ΒΙΟΣ, ΚΑΙΡΟΣ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: (of) him, his, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun. In this genitive singular form, it typically means 'of him,' 'his,' 'of it,' or 'its,' indicating possession or origin. It can refer to a male person or a neuter object/concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'self'. It is an ancient Greek word that has been in continuous use.
G2156
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: yoo-STA-thess
Translations: stable, a stable, steadfast, a steadfast, firm, a firm, constant, a constant, steady, a steady
Notes: This word describes something that is stable, firm, or steadfast. It implies a quality of being well-founded, unmoving, or consistent. It can be used to describe a person's character, a structure, or a situation that is not easily shaken or changed.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΒΈΒΑΙΟΣ, ἈΣΦΑΛΗΣ, ΜΌΝΙΜΟΣ
G1519, G1487, G1488
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb
Sounds like: E
Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are
Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).
G5118
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: toh-SAW-tee
Translations: so great, so much, such, so large, so many
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'so great,' 'so much,' or 'such.' It is used to describe the extent or quantity of something, often emphasizing its magnitude. It can be used with both countable and uncountable nouns.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΜΕΓΑΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΤΗΛΙΚΟΥΤΟΣ
G4710
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: spoo-DEH
Translations: haste, a haste, diligence, earnestness, eagerness, zeal, a zeal, effort, a carefulness, a carefulness
Notes: This word refers to a state of being eager, diligent, or zealous. It can describe the speed or haste with which something is done, or the earnest effort and carefulness applied to a task. It implies a strong commitment and focused attention.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΑΧΟΣ, ΖΗΛΟΣ, ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΙΑ
Etymology: From σπεύδω (speudō, "to hasten, to be eager").
G2258
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: HAYN
Translations: was, he was, she was, it was
Notes: This word is the imperfect indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It describes a continuous or ongoing state or action in the past. It can be translated as 'was', 'he was', 'she was', or 'it was', depending on the subject implied by the context. It is often used to set the scene or describe background information in a narrative.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice, 3rd Person Singular
G4815
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: sool-laf-THEE-nai
Translations: to be conceived, to be arrested, to be caught, to be seized, to be taken, to be helped, to be assisted
Notes: This word is the aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'συλλαμβάνω'. It means 'to be conceived' (in the sense of a pregnancy), 'to be arrested' or 'to be seized' (as in being captured), or 'to be helped' or 'to be assisted'. Its meaning depends on the context.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΠΙΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΣΥΝΕΧΩ
G5108
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: toy-OO-ton
Translations: such, such a, of such a kind, such a one, such a thing
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'such' or 'of such a kind'. It is used to describe something that is of a particular nature, quality, or degree, often referring back to something previously mentioned or implied. It can be used to emphasize the quality of a person or thing.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΤΟΙΟΣΔΕ, ΤΟΣΟΥΤΟΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΤΟΙΟΣ (toios, "such") and the enclitic particle -ΟΥΤΟΣ (-outos, "this").
G4245
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pres-by-TEEN
Translations: old man, an old man, elder, an elder
Notes: This word refers to an older person, an elder, or a senior member of a community or religious group. It is often used to denote someone who is advanced in years or holds a position of authority due to their age and experience. In the provided examples, it is used in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of an action, such as 'they did not respect an old man' or 'he turned his face from their mercy, from young and old man'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΓΕΡΩΝ, ΠΡΕΣΒΥΣ
Etymology: The word comes from the adjective πρέσβυς (presbys), meaning 'old, elder'. It is related to πρεσβεύω (presbeuō), 'to be an ambassador, to be older'.
G0435
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AN-dra
Translations: man, a man, husband, a husband
Notes: This word refers to a male human being, often specifically an adult male, or a husband. It is the accusative singular form of the noun 'ἈΝΗΡ' (anēr), meaning 'man' or 'husband'. It is used when the man or husband is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ, ΑΝΗΡ
Etymology: The word 'ἈΝΗΡ' (anēr) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that also refer to a male human being.
G2112
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: yoo-THEH-ohss
Translations: immediately, at once, straightway, forthwith
Notes: This word means 'immediately' or 'at once'. It is used to indicate that an action or event happens without delay, right after something else has occurred or been said. It emphasizes promptness and quickness.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΧΡΗΜΑ, ΑΥ̓ΤΙΚΑ
Etymology: From the adjective ΕΥ̓ΘΥΣ (euthys), meaning 'straight' or 'direct'. The adverbial form indicates a direct or immediate action.
G2753
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-keh-LEW-sen
Translations: commanded, ordered, bade, urged
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to command' or 'to order'. It is used to express an instruction or directive given by someone in authority. For example, a king might command his servants to do something, or a general might order his troops.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΤΩ, ΕΝΤΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΤΑΤΤΩ
G3908
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pa-ra-te-THEE-nai
Translations: to set before, to place beside, to present, to commit, to entrust, to commend
Notes: This word is the aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'παρατίθημι' (paratithēmi), which is a compound word formed from 'παρά' (para, meaning 'beside' or 'alongside') and 'τίθημι' (tithēmi, meaning 'to place' or 'to put'). In its active voice, it means 'to place beside' or 'to set before' someone, often referring to food or information. It can also mean 'to commit' or 'to entrust' something to someone. In the passive voice, as here, it means 'to be set before' or 'to be placed beside', or 'to be committed/entrusted'. It is used to express the action of something being presented or committed.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΑΝΑΤΙΘΗΜΙ
G5315
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: fah-GAYN
Translations: to eat, to consume
Notes: This is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb meaning 'to eat' or 'to consume'. It is used to express the action of eating in a general sense, often as the object of another verb or as a purpose clause.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΣΘΙΩ, ΒΙΒΡΩΣΚΩ
Etymology: The root of this word is related to the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to eat'. It is a common verb in Koine Greek for the act of consuming food.
G4095
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pi-EIN
Translations: to drink
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'to drink'. It is used to express the action of drinking in a general sense, often following another verb or a preposition, indicating purpose or result. For example, it can be used in phrases like 'he wanted to drink' or 'they came to drink water'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words for drinking in various Indo-European languages.
G1565
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: eh-KEE-nee
Translations: that, that one, she
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'that' or 'that one'. It is used to point to something distant in space or time, or to refer to something previously mentioned. It functions similarly to the English word 'that' and can modify a noun or stand alone as a pronoun.
Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ὉΔΕ
G5610
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OH-rah
Translations: hour, an hour, time, season, moment
Notes: This word refers to a specific period of time, which can be an hour, a particular time of day, a season, or a crucial moment. It is often used to denote a fixed or appointed time, such as 'the hour has come' for an event to occur. It can also refer to a specific season of the year.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΡΟΣ, ΧΡΟΝΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'year, season'. It refers to a limited period of time, a season, or a specific hour.
G3745
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: OH-son
Translations: as much as, as many as, as great as, how much, how many, how great, as far as, as long as, as soon as, as
Notes: This word is a relative adjective or pronominal adjective, meaning 'as much as' or 'as many as'. It is often used to indicate quantity, extent, or degree. When used as an adverb, it can mean 'as far as', 'as long as', or 'as soon as'. It can introduce a clause that specifies a measure or comparison. For example, 'as much as you want' or 'as many people as there are'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΠΟΣΟΣ, ΗΛΙΚΟΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun *ho* (the) and the suffix -sos, indicating quantity or measure. It is related to ὅς (hos, 'who, which') and τοσοῦτος (tosoutos, 'so great, so much').
G0302
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: AHN
Translations: if, ever, might, would, should
Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.
G1014
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: boo-LOHN-tai
Translations: they wish, they want, they intend, they desire, they purpose
Notes: This word is the third person plural form of the verb 'boulomai', meaning 'to wish', 'to want', or 'to intend'. It describes a deliberate act of willing or purposing, often implying a settled intention rather than a fleeting desire. It is used when referring to a group of people who are making a conscious decision or expressing their will.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Plural, Present, Middle/Passive, Subjunctive
Synonyms: ΘΕΛΩ, ΕΘΕΛΩ
G1652
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ek-zay-TAY-sah-toh
Translations: he demanded, he sought out, he requested, he desired
Notes: This word describes an action of seeking out, searching diligently, or demanding something. It implies a strong desire or a persistent effort to find or obtain. It is often used in contexts where someone is earnestly looking for something or making a specific request or demand.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΖΗΤΕΩ, ΑΙΤΕΩ, ΕΠΙΖΗΤΕΩ
G2443
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: EE-nah
Translations: in order that, that, so that, to
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.
G1325
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: DOH-sin
Translations: give, grant, bestow, may give, should give
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to give', 'to grant', or 'to bestow'. It is used to describe the act of transferring something to someone else, whether it be an object, a right, or a quality. In its subjunctive form, as seen here, it often expresses a potential action, a wish, or a command, translating to 'may give' or 'should give'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Subjunctive, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΧΩ, ΧΑΡΙΖΟΜΑΙ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOH
Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G4336
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-YOOK-sas-thai
Translations: to pray, to make a prayer, to offer prayer
Notes: This word means to pray or to offer prayer. It is commonly used in the context of addressing God or a deity, expressing devotion, making requests, or giving thanks. It can be used in sentences like 'He went to pray' or 'They gathered to pray to the Lord'.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΔΕΟΜΑΙ, ΑΙΤΕΩ, ΕΥΧΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek προσεύχομαι (proseúkhomai), a compound of πρός (pros, "to, toward") and εὔχομαι (eúkhomai, "to pray, to wish").
G0088
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: ah-DEH-ohs
Translations: fearlessly, without fear, boldly, confidently
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning "fearlessly" or "without fear." It describes an action performed with courage and confidence, indicating a lack of apprehension or timidity. It can be used to describe someone acting bravely in the face of danger or opposition.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΦΟΒΩΣ, ΘΑΡΣΑΛΕΩΣ
Etymology: From the Greek privative prefix ἀ- (a-, 'not') and δέος (deos, 'fear'). Thus, it literally means 'without fear'.
G2010
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: eh-pee-TREP-san-tohn
Translations: of permitting, of allowing, of entrusting, of giving permission, of yielding
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'epitrepō', meaning 'to permit' or 'to allow'. As a genitive plural participle, it often functions to describe the action of multiple subjects who are permitting or allowing something, or to indicate the source of permission. It can be translated as 'of those who permitted' or 'of those who allowed'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Plural
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΣΥΓΧΩΡΕΩ
G2476
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: sta-THEIS
Translations: having stood, having been appointed, having been established, having been set, having been placed
Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle, meaning 'having stood' or 'having been placed/appointed/established'. It describes an action that has been completed in the past, with the subject having undergone the action. It is often used to indicate someone who has taken a stand, been positioned, or been formally appointed to a role or place.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Singular, Masculine, Nominative
Synonyms: ΤΕΘΕΙΣ, ΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΘΕΙΣ, ΑΝΑΣΤΑΣ
Etymology: The root verb ἵστημι (histēmi) comes from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-, meaning 'to stand'. It is related to words for standing, setting, and placing in many Indo-European languages.
G4336
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-AY-ook-sah-toh
Translations: he prayed, she prayed, it prayed
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to pray' or 'to offer prayers'. It describes the action of communicating with a deity or engaging in a religious petition. It is used to indicate that someone performed the act of praying in the past.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΔΕΟΜΑΙ, ΕΥΧΟΜΑΙ
G4134
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PLAY-rays
Translations: full, complete, filled, a full
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'full' or 'complete'. It describes something that is filled to capacity or lacking nothing. It can be used to describe a container that is full, a person who is full of a certain quality (like grace or wisdom), or a time that is complete.
Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΕΜΩΝ, ΠΕΠΛΗΡΩΜΕΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΠΛΗΡΗΣ (plērēs) comes from the verb πίμπλημι (pimplēmi), meaning 'to fill'. It describes the state of being filled or complete.
G5607
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb
Sounds like: OHN
Translations: being, who is, which is, a being
Notes: This word is the masculine, singular, nominative form of the present participle of the verb 'to be'. It means 'being' or 'who/which is'. It is used to describe someone or something that exists or is in a particular state, often functioning like a relative pronoun and verb combined.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative, Present Participle
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩΝ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ
G5485
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHA-ri-tos
Translations: of grace, of favor, of kindness, of gratitude, of a grace, of a favor, of a kindness, of a gratitude
Notes: This word refers to grace, favor, or kindness, often implying a divine or unmerited gift. It can also denote gratitude or thankfulness. It is used to express the source or possession of these qualities, such as 'the spirit of grace' or 'the gift of grace'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΝΟΙΑ, ΕΛΕΟΣ, ΔΩΡΟ
G3779
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OO-tohs
Translations: thus, so, in this way, in such a way
Notes: This adverb indicates manner or degree, meaning 'in this way,' 'thus,' or 'so.' It can refer back to something previously mentioned or forward to something about to be stated. It often introduces a consequence or result, showing how something is done or to what extent.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΩΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (OUTOS), meaning 'this' or 'that'.
G5620
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: HOH-steh
Translations: so that, in order that, consequently, therefore, with the result that
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause of result or purpose. It indicates that what follows is a consequence or the intended outcome of what was previously stated. It can also introduce an infinitive clause to express result.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΔΙΟ
Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs), meaning 'as' or 'how', combined with the particle τε (te), meaning 'and' or 'also'. It developed to express result or consequence.
G1417
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Part of Speech: Numeral
Sounds like: DEE-oh
Translations: two
Notes: This word is a cardinal numeral meaning 'two'. It is used to indicate a quantity of two of something. It is indeclinable, meaning its form does not change regardless of gender, case, or number.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'two'.
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G1410
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: doo-NAH-sthai
Translations: to be able, to have power, to be strong, can
Notes: This is the present middle/passive infinitive form of the verb 'δύναμαι'. It means 'to be able' or 'to have power'. It is often used in constructions where one expresses the ability or capacity to do something, similar to the English 'can' or 'to be able to'.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΩ, ΕΞΕΣΤΙ
Etymology: From the root 'δύναμαι', meaning 'to be able'. It is related to 'δύναμις' (dynamis), meaning 'power' or 'ability'.
G4601
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: see-GAY-sai
Translations: to be silent, to keep silent, to become silent, to hold one's peace
Notes: This word is an aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'σῑγάω' (sigaō), meaning 'to be silent' or 'to keep silent'. It describes the action of becoming or remaining silent. It is often used in contexts where someone stops speaking or refrains from speaking.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΣΙΩΠΑΩ, ΗΣΥΧΑΖΩ
G1607
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ek-PLEES-ses-thai
Translations: to be astonished, to be amazed, to be astounded, to be struck with amazement
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'ἐκ' (out of, from) and 'πλήσσω' (to strike, to smite). It means to be struck out of one's senses, or to be utterly overwhelmed by something, leading to astonishment or amazement. It describes a strong emotional reaction to something surprising or extraordinary, often implying a sense of wonder or shock. It is typically used to describe the effect an event or teaching has on a person, causing them to be deeply impressed or dumbfounded.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΘΑΥΜΑΖΩ, ΕΚΣΤΑΤΙΚΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G0191
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ah-KOO-on-tas
Translations: those hearing, the ones hearing, of those hearing, to those hearing
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'hearing' or 'listening'. It functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone who is in the act of hearing or listening. In this form, it is masculine or neuter, plural, and can be accusative (direct object) or genitive (possessive, 'of those hearing') or dative ('to those hearing'). It is often used to refer to 'those who hear' or 'the hearers'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Plural, Masculine or Neuter, Accusative, Genitive, or Dative
Synonyms: ΑΚΡΟΑΤΑΣ, ΑΚΟΥΣΤΑΣ
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pol-LOOS
Translations: many, much, great
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'many', 'much', or 'great'. It is used to describe a large quantity or number of something. In this form, it functions as the direct object of a verb, indicating that 'many' people or things are being acted upon.
Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΙΚΑΝΟΣ, ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΑΦΘΟΝΟΣ
G5037
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: TEH
Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.
G3340
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: meh-tah-no-EIN
Translations: to repent, to change one's mind, to feel remorse, to turn from sin
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from 'μετά' (meta), meaning 'with' or 'after', and 'νοέω' (noeo), meaning 'to perceive' or 'to think'. Together, it signifies a change of mind or purpose, often implying a turning away from past actions or beliefs, particularly from sin. It is commonly used in a religious context to describe a spiritual transformation or a turning back to God.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΜΕΤΑΜΕΛΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition ΜΕΤΑ (meta), meaning 'with' or 'after', and the verb ΝΟΕΩ (noeo), meaning 'to perceive, to think, to understand'. The combination suggests a change in one's way of thinking or understanding.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G2064
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-lay-LOO-theh-nai
Translations: to come, to go, to arrive, to appear
Notes: This is the perfect active infinitive form of the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. The perfect tense indicates a completed action with ongoing results, so 'to have come' or 'to have gone' is often implied. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often used after verbs that express desire, ability, or necessity, or to complete the meaning of another verb.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΗΚΩ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ergh- 'to move, to go'. In Koine Greek, it is a common verb for movement.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: theh-oh-PREH-pay
Translations: befitting God, worthy of God, divine, godly, things worthy of God, divine things
Notes: This word is a compound adjective formed from 'ΘΕΟΣ' (God) and 'ΠΡΕΠΩ' (to be fitting or proper). It describes something that is suitable, appropriate, or becoming for God, or that is characteristic of God. It implies a quality or action that aligns with divine nature or standards. In its plural form, it can refer to 'things' that are worthy of God.
Inflection: Accusative Plural Neuter or Nominative/Accusative Plural Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΣΕΒΗΣ, ΟΣΙΟΣ, ΑΓΙΟΣ
Etymology: The word is a compound of 'ΘΕΟΣ' (theos), meaning 'God', and 'ΠΡΕΠΩ' (prepo), meaning 'to be fitting, proper, or becoming'. It describes something that is appropriate or worthy of God.
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