Martyrdom of Polycarp Chapter 1, Interlinear version from Polycarp of Smyrna (Beta)

Martyrdom of Polycarp, Chapter 1

Interlinear version from Polycarp of Smyrna (Beta)

1:1

ἘΓΡΑΨΑΜΕΝ
- EGRAPSAMEN
- we-wrote
ΥΜΙΝ
- YMIN
- to-you
ἈΔΕΛΦΟΙ
- ADELPHOI
- brothers
ΤΑ
- TA
- the
ΚΑΤΑ
- KATA
- concerning
ΤΟΥΣ
- TOUS
- the
ΜΑΡΤΥΡΗΣΑΝΤΑΣ
- MARTYRĒSANTAS
- ones-who-bore-witness
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΤΟΝ
- TON
- the
ΜΑΚΑΡΙΟΝ
- MAKARION
- blessed
ΠΟΛΥΚΑΡΠΟΝ
- POLYKARPON
- Polycarp
ΟΣΤΙΣ
- OSTIS
- who
ΩΣΠΕΡ
- ŌSPER
- just-as
ἘΠΙΣΦΡΑΓΙΣΑΣ
- EPISPHRAGISAS
- having-sealed
ΔΙΑ
- DIA
- through
ΤΗΣ
- TĒS
- the
ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑΣ
- MARTYRIAS
- witness
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ
- AUTOU
- of-him
ΚΑΤΕΠΑΥΣΕΝ
- KATEPAUSEN
- caused-to-cease
ΤΟΝ
- TON
- the
ΔΙΩΓΜΟΝ
- DIŌGMON
- persecution
ΣΨΕΔΟΝ
- SPSEDON
- for-the-most-part
ΓΑΡ
- GAR
- for
ΠΑΝΤΑ
- PANTA
- all
ΤΑ
- TA
- the
ΠΡΟΑΓΟΝΤΑ
- PROAGONTA
- preceding-things
ἘΓΕΝΕΤΟ
- EGENETO
- happened
ΙΝΑ
- INA
- so-that
ΗΜΙΝ
- ĒMIN
- to-us
Ο
- O
- the
ΚΥΡΙΟΣ
- KYRIOS
- Lord
ἈΝΩΘΕΝ
- ANŌTHEN
- from-above
ἘΠΙΔΕΙΞΗ
- EPIDEIXĒ
- might-show
ΤΟ
- TO
- the
ΚΑΤΑ
- KATA
- according-to
ΤΟ
- TO
- the
ΕΥ̓ΑΓΓΕΛΙΟΝ
- EUAGGELION
- good-message
ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΟΝ
- MARTYRION
- witness

1:2

ΠΕΡΙΕΜΕΝΕΝ
- PERIEMENEN
- he-was-waiting-for
ΓΑΡ
- GAR
- for
ΙΝΑ
- INA
- so-that
ΠΑΡΑΔΟΘΗ
- PARADOTHĒ
- he-might-be-handed-over
ΩΣ
- ŌS
- just-as
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- also
Ο
- O
- the
ΚΥΡΙΟΣ
- KYRIOS
- Lord
ΙΝΑ
- INA
- so-that
ΜΙΜΗΤΑΙ
- MIMĒTAI
- imitators
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- also
ΗΜΕΙΣ
- ĒMEIS
- we
ΑΥ̓ΤΟΥ
- AUTOU
- of-him
ΓΕΝΩΜΕΘΑ
- GENŌMETHA
- might-become
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ΜΟΝΟΝ
- MONON
- only
ΣΚΟΠΟΥΝΤΕΣ
- SKOPOUNTES
- looking-at
ΤΟ
- TO
- the
ΚΑΘ
- KATH
- according-to
ΕΑΥΤΟΥΣ
- EAUTOUS
- themselves
ἈΛΛΑ
- ALLA
- but
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- also
ΤΟ
- TO
- the
ΚΑΤΑ
- KATA
- according-to
ΤΟΥΣ
- TOUS
- the
ΠΕΛΑΣ
- PELAS
- neighbors
ἈΓΑΠΗΣ
- AGAPĒS
- of-love
ΓΑΡ
- GAR
- for
ἈΛΗΘΟΥΣ
- ALĒTHOUS
- of-true
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΒΕΒΑΙΑΣ
- BEBAIAS
- of-firm
ἘΣΤΙΝ
- ESTIN
- it-is
ΜΗ
- MĒ
- not
ΜΟΝΟΝ
- MONON
- only
ΕΑΥΤΟΝ
- EAUTON
- oneself
ΘΕΛΕΙΝ
- THELEIN
- to-want
ΣΩΖΕΣΘΑΙ
- SŌZESTHAI
- to-be-saved
ἈΛΛΑ
- ALLA
- but
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- also
ΠΑΝΤΑΣ
- PANTAS
- all
ΤΟΥΣ
- TOUS
- the
ἈΔΕΛΦΟΥΣ
- ADELPHOUS
- brothers

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G2596

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G3140

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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: mar-too-RAY-san-tas

Translations: having testified, having borne witness, having been martyred, those who testified, those who bore witness, those who were martyred

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, masculine plural, accusative case, derived from the verb 'μαρτυρέω' (martyreō). It refers to individuals who have performed the action of testifying, bearing witness, or, in a specific context, suffering martyrdom. It describes people who have already completed the act of giving testimony or witness.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Accusative

Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΡΟΥΝΤΑΣ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΟΥΣ

Etymology: The verb 'μαρτυρέω' (martyreō) comes from 'μάρτυς' (martys), meaning 'witness'. It originally referred to someone who gives evidence in a legal context, and later extended to someone who bears witness to a truth, often to the point of suffering or death.

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G4183

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: po-ly-KAR-pon

Translations: fruitful, very fruitful, abundant in fruit, a fruitful thing

Notes: This word describes something that produces much fruit or is very productive. It is a compound word formed from 'πολύς' (much, many) and 'καρπός' (fruit). It can be used to describe a person, a tree, or even a land that yields abundantly.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΕΥΚΑΡΠΟΣ, ΚΑΡΠΟΦΟΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word is derived from the Greek 'πολύς' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many', and 'καρπός' (karpos), meaning 'fruit' or 'produce'.

G3748

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Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: HOS-tis

Translations: whoever, whatever, whichever, anyone who, anything which, everyone who, everything which

Notes: This is a compound relative pronoun, formed from the relative pronoun ὅς (who, which) and the indefinite pronoun τις (anyone, someone). It is used to introduce a relative clause and conveys a sense of indefiniteness or generality, meaning 'whoever' or 'whatever'. It can refer to persons or things and is used when the antecedent is not specific or is unknown.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΣ, ΟΣΠΕΡ

G5618

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: OH-sper

Translations: just as, as, even as, like, in the same way as

Notes: This word functions as a comparative adverb or conjunction, meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a clause that draws a comparison or analogy, indicating that something is happening or is true in the same manner or degree as something else. It emphasizes the similarity between two things or actions.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs, "as") and the particle περ (per, "indeed, very"), emphasizing the comparison.

G1902

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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: ep-ee-sfrag-ee-SAS

Translations: having sealed, having set a seal upon, having confirmed, having authenticated

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb 'episphragizo', meaning 'to seal upon', 'to set a seal upon', 'to confirm', or 'to authenticate'. It is a compound word formed from 'epi' (upon, over) and 'sphragizo' (to seal). It describes an action that has been completed in the past, indicating that something has been definitively marked, confirmed, or validated, often with authority or finality. It can be used to describe the act of putting a final stamp of approval on something.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΣΦΡΑΓΙΖΩ, ΒΕΒΑΙΟΩ, ΚΥΡΟΩ

Etymology: The verb ΕΠΙΣΦΡΑΓΙΖΩ is formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the verb ΣΦΡΑΓΙΖΩ (sphragizo), meaning 'to seal'. The root verb ΣΦΡΑΓΙΖΩ comes from ΣΦΡΑΓΙΣ (sphragis), meaning 'a seal' or 'a signet'.

G1223

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G3141

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mar-ty-REE-as

Translations: of testimony, of witness, of evidence, of a testimony, of a witness, of an evidence

Notes: This word refers to a testimony, witness, or evidence. It is used to describe a statement or declaration given by someone, often in a legal or formal context, to confirm a fact or event. It can also refer to the act of bearing witness or providing proof. In a religious context, it often refers to the witness given by martyrs or the testimony of God.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΟΝ, ΜΑΡΤΥΣ

G2664

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-teh-PAH-oo-sen

Translations: he rested, he ceased, he stopped, he caused to cease, he brought to an end

Notes: This word describes an action of resting, ceasing, or causing something to stop. It can refer to someone coming to a rest, or to someone bringing an activity or a state to an end. It is a compound verb formed from 'κατά' (down, against) and 'παύω' (to stop, to cease).

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΠΑΥΩ, ΑΝΑΠΑΥΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΗΓΩ

Etymology: The word καταπαύω (katapauō) is a compound verb derived from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb παύω (pauō), meaning 'to stop' or 'to cease'. The combination implies a complete or definitive cessation.

G4975

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: SKHEH-don

Translations: nearly, almost, well-nigh, about, close to

Notes: This word is likely a misspelling of 'ΣΧΕΔΟΝ' (SCHEDON). If it is indeed 'ΣΧΕΔΟΝ', it is an adverb meaning 'nearly' or 'almost'. It is used to indicate proximity in time, quantity, or degree, suggesting that something is very close to being true or happening, but not quite. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'He was almost there' or 'It is nearly finished'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΥΣ, ΜΟΛΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΧΕΔΟΝ (SCHEDON) comes from the Greek word ΣΧΕΔΟΣ (SCHEDOS), meaning 'near' or 'close'. It is related to the verb ἔχω (ECHO), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold', implying a 'holding close'.

G1063

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Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G4254

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: proh-AH-gon-tah

Translations: leading, going before, going forward, advancing, preceding, bringing forth, bringing out

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'προάγω' (proagō), meaning 'to lead forward' or 'to go before'. As a participle, it describes an action or state and can function adjectivally (e.g., 'the one leading') or adverbially (e.g., 'while leading'). It often implies movement in advance of something or someone else, or the act of bringing something into existence or public view.

Inflection: Present, Active, Masculine or Neuter, Accusative, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΒΑΙΝΩ

G1096

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-GEH-neh-toh

Translations: it happened, it came to pass, it became, it was, it came into being

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist indicative middle/passive of the verb γίνομαι (ginomai). It signifies an event that occurred or a state that came into existence in the past. It is frequently used to introduce a new event or development in a narrative, often translated as 'it happened' or 'it came to pass'. It can also describe something becoming or being made into something else.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ

G2443

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EE-nah

Translations: in order that, that, so that, to

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G2962

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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: KOO-ree-oss

Translations: Lord, a Lord, master, a master, owner, an owner, sir

Notes: This word refers to a person who has authority, control, or ownership over something or someone. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their supreme authority and sovereignty. It can also be used in a more general sense for a human master or owner.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΑΥΘΕΝΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Greek word κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'supreme power' or 'authority'. It signifies one who possesses power and authority, thus a lord or master.

G0509

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: AH-noh-then

Translations: from above, from the top, again, anew, from the beginning

Notes: This word is an adverb that can have both a spatial and a temporal meaning. Spatially, it means 'from above' or 'from the top,' indicating origin or direction from a higher place. Temporally, it means 'again,' 'anew,' or 'from the beginning,' indicating a repetition or a fresh start. Its specific meaning often depends on the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΑΛΙΝ, ἘΚ ΠΡΩΤΗΣ

Etymology: The word ἈΝΩΘΕΝ is formed from the adverb ἄνω (anō), meaning 'upwards' or 'above,' combined with the suffix -θεν (-then), which indicates origin or direction 'from' a place. Thus, it literally means 'from above' or 'from an upper place,' and by extension, 'from the beginning' or 'again'.

G1936

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: eh-pi-DEIK-see

Translations: display, demonstration, proof, show, exhibition, a display, a demonstration

Notes: This word refers to a public display, demonstration, or exhibition. It can also mean a proof or evidence, something shown to confirm a fact or claim. It is used to describe an act of showing or presenting something for others to see or understand.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΔΕΙΞΙΣ, ΕΠΙΔΕΙΞΙΣ, ΔΕΙΞΙΣ

Etymology: This word comes from the verb ἐπιδείκνυμι (epideíknymi), meaning 'to show, exhibit, demonstrate'. It is formed from the prefix ἐπί (epí), meaning 'upon, to, in addition', and δείκνυμι (deíknymi), meaning 'to show, point out'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G2098

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: yoo-ang-GEL-ee-on

Translations: gospel, good news, a gospel, the good news

Notes: This word refers to a message of good news or glad tidings. In a religious context, particularly in Christianity, it specifically refers to the good news of salvation through Jesus Christ. It is a compound word formed from the prefix ΕΥ̓- (eu-), meaning 'good' or 'well', and ἈΓΓΕΛΙΟΝ (angelion), meaning 'message' or 'announcement'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΗΡΥΓΜΑ, ΛΟΓΟΣ, ΜΗΝΥΜΑ

Etymology: The word ΕΥ̓ΑΓΓΕΛΙΟΝ is derived from the Greek prefix ΕΥ̓- (eu-), meaning 'good' or 'well', and the noun ἈΓΓΕΛΙΟΝ (angelion), meaning 'message' or 'announcement', which itself comes from ἈΓΓΕΛΛΩ (angello), 'to announce'. It originally referred to a reward for bringing good news, and later to the good news itself.

G3142

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mar-too-REE-on

Translations: testimony, a testimony, witness, a witness, evidence, a proof

Notes: This word refers to a testimony, witness, or evidence. It is used to describe something that provides proof or confirmation of a fact or event. It can refer to the act of bearing witness or the content of what is testified.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΜΑΡΤΥΣ, ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ

Etymology: From G3144 (μάρτυς, 'martys'), meaning 'witness'. It refers to that which is borne witness to, or the content of a witness's testimony.

G4037

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-EH-meh-nen

Translations: he was waiting for, she was waiting for, it was waiting for, he was awaiting, she was awaiting, it was awaiting, he was expecting, she was expecting, it was expecting

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and the verb μένω (menō), meaning 'to remain' or 'to stay'. Together, it means 'to wait for', 'to await', or 'to expect'. It describes an action of waiting or remaining in anticipation of something or someone. It is used to indicate a continuous or repeated action in the past.

Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΔΟΚΑΩ, ΑΠΕΚΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and the verb μένω (menō), meaning 'to remain', 'to stay', or 'to abide'. The combination suggests waiting while remaining in a particular place or state.

G5613

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G3361

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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G3440

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: MO-non

Translations: only, alone, merely, a single, a solitary

Notes: This word can function as an adverb meaning 'only' or 'merely', indicating exclusivity or limitation. It can also be the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ΜΟΝΟΣ', meaning 'alone' or 'solitary', describing something as being by itself or unique. In its adverbial use, it often modifies verbs or clauses to emphasize that something is done exclusively or that a condition applies solely to one thing.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΜΟΝΩΣ, ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ

G4648

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: skoh-POON-tes

Translations: looking, looking at, observing, considering, aiming at, watching, a watcher, an observer

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'looking at' or 'observing'. It describes an ongoing action of focusing one's attention on something, whether physically seeing it or mentally considering it. It can be used to describe someone who is watching, aiming for, or carefully considering a situation or object.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ΘΕΩΡΕΩ, ΟΡΑΩ

Etymology: From a derivative of σκέπτομαι (skeptomai), meaning 'to look at, examine'.

G2596

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: kath

Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.

Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.

G0235

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G0026

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-GAH-pays

Translations: of love, of charity, of affection, of goodwill

Notes: This word refers to a deep, unconditional love, often described as 'charity' in older translations. It is a noun in the genitive case, indicating possession or relationship, so it often translates as 'of love' or 'belonging to love'. It is used to describe divine love, brotherly love, or the love between people.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΦΙΛΙΑ, ΕΡΩΣ, ΣΤΟΡΓΗ

Etymology: The word ἀγάπη (agapē) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It was used in the Septuagint and the New Testament to translate the Hebrew word 'ahavah' (love), and it came to signify a distinct type of selfless, divine love, differentiating it from other Greek words for love like 'eros' (passionate love) or 'philia' (friendship love).

G0227

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-lay-THOOS

Translations: true, real, genuine, (of) true, (of) real, (of) genuine

Notes: This word describes something as true, real, or genuine, as opposed to false, imaginary, or counterfeit. It is often used to emphasize the authenticity or veracity of a person, statement, or concept. In the provided examples, it functions as a genitive, indicating possession or relation, such as 'of truth' or 'of the true one'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΓΝΗΣΙΟΣ, ΑΛΗΘΙΝΟΣ, ΕΤΥΜΟΣ

G4982

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: SOH-zes-thai

Translations: to be saved, to be delivered, to be preserved, to be made whole

Notes: This is the present passive infinitive form of the verb 'σῴζω' (sōzō). It means 'to be saved,' 'to be delivered,' or 'to be preserved.' It describes the state or action of someone or something being rescued, protected, or brought to safety by an external agent. It can be used in contexts of spiritual salvation, physical healing, or general preservation from danger.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΡΥΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΑΣΩΖΩ, ΣΩΤΗΡΙΑ

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