Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Polycarp of Smyrna / Martyrdom of Polycarp / Chapter 12Martyrdom of Polycarp, Chapter 12
Interlinear version from Polycarp of Smyrna (Beta)
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOW-tah
Translations: these, these things
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'these' or 'these things'. It refers to something previously mentioned or understood from the context, pointing it out specifically. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, while as an adjective, it modifies a noun.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G2087
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: EH-teh-rah
Translations: other, another, a different, a different one
Notes: This word means 'other' or 'another', emphasizing a qualitative difference, meaning 'different in kind'. It is used to distinguish one thing from another that is distinct or dissimilar. For example, 'another kind of person' or 'a different way'.
Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-tero- (other of two), from *sem- (one, together).
G4119
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PLAY-oh-nah
Translations: more, many, a greater number, a greater amount
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'more' or 'greater'. It is used to indicate a larger quantity, number, or degree of something. It can function as a comparative adjective, meaning 'more than' or 'greater than', or as a substantive, referring to 'the majority' or 'the greater part'.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Neuter or Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΜΕΙΖΩΝ
Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'full' or 'many'. It is the comparative form of the adjective 'πολύς' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: leh-GOHN
Translations: saying, speaking, telling
Notes: ΛΕΓΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech, functioning similarly to 'saying' or 'speaking' in English. For example, it might be translated as 'he came saying...' or 'they decreed, speaking...'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking or declaring.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ, ΕΡΩΝ
Etymology: The word λέγω (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', perhaps from the idea of 'picking out words'.
G2294
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: thar-SOOS
Translations: of courage, of confidence, of boldness, of cheer, of good cheer
Notes: This word is a noun meaning 'courage,' 'confidence,' 'boldness,' or 'good cheer.' It refers to a state of inner strength and assurance, often in the face of difficulty or danger. As a genitive form, it typically indicates possession or a relationship, such as 'of courage' or 'belonging to courage,' and can be used to describe the source or quality of something.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΥΨΥΧΙΑ, ΠΑΡΡΗΣΙΑ, ΤΟΛΜΑ
G5479
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kha-RAS
Translations: of joy, of gladness, of delight
Notes: This word is a noun referring to a state of great pleasure and happiness. It is often used to describe the inner feeling of joy or gladness, particularly in a spiritual or divine context. As a genitive form, it typically indicates possession or relationship, meaning 'of joy' or 'belonging to joy'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΦΡΟΣΥΝΗ, ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΣΙΣ
G4130
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: en-eh-PIM-plah-toh
Translations: was being filled, was filled, was being completed, was completed
Notes: This is an inflected form of the verb 'pimplēmi', meaning 'to fill' or 'to complete'. The prefix 'en-' intensifies the action, suggesting being filled *in* or *with* something. It describes a state of being filled or completed, often with emotions, qualities, or physical substances. It is used to indicate that something was in the process of being filled or had been filled.
Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΛΗΡΟΩ, ΓΕΜΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G4383
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pros-OH-pon
Translations: face, a face, presence, person, appearance
Notes: This word refers to the face of a person or animal. It can also denote one's presence or appearance, or even a person themselves, especially in a formal or legal context. It is used to describe physical features as well as the impression or aspect someone presents.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΜΟΡΦΗ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek πρός (pros, "to, towards") and ὤψ (ōps, "eye, face"). It literally means "that which is towards the eye" or "that which is before the eye."
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: (of) him, his, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun. In this genitive singular form, it typically means 'of him,' 'his,' 'of it,' or 'its,' indicating possession or origin. It can refer to a male person or a neuter object/concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'self'. It is an ancient Greek word that has been in continuous use.
G5485
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHA-ri-tos
Translations: of grace, of favor, of kindness, of gratitude, of a grace, of a favor, of a kindness, of a gratitude
Notes: This word refers to grace, favor, or kindness, often implying a divine or unmerited gift. It can also denote gratitude or thankfulness. It is used to express the source or possession of these qualities, such as 'the spirit of grace' or 'the gift of grace'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΝΟΙΑ, ΕΛΕΟΣ, ΔΩΡΟ
G4137
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ep-lay-ROON-toh
Translations: they were being filled, they were being fulfilled, they were filling themselves, they were fulfilling themselves
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'πληρόω' (plēroō), meaning 'to fill' or 'to fulfill'. In this form, it describes an ongoing action in the past, indicating that a group of people or things 'were being filled' or 'were being fulfilled'. It can also be used in the middle voice, meaning 'they were filling themselves' or 'they were fulfilling themselves'.
Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Passive or Middle Voice, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΓΕΜΙΖΩ, ΠΛΗΘΥΝΩ
G5620
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: HOH-steh
Translations: so that, in order that, consequently, therefore, with the result that
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause of result or purpose. It indicates that what follows is a consequence or the intended outcome of what was previously stated. It can also introduce an infinitive clause to express result.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΔΙΟ
Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs), meaning 'as' or 'how', combined with the particle τε (te), meaning 'and' or 'also'. It developed to express result or consequence.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G3440
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective
Sounds like: MO-non
Translations: only, alone, merely, a single, a solitary
Notes: This word can function as an adverb meaning 'only' or 'merely', indicating exclusivity or limitation. It can also be the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ΜΟΝΟΣ', meaning 'alone' or 'solitary', describing something as being by itself or unique. In its adverbial use, it often modifies verbs or clauses to emphasize that something is done exclusively or that a condition applies solely to one thing.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)
Synonyms: ΜΟΝΩΣ, ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G4899
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soom-peh-SEIN
Translations: to fall together, to collapse, to meet, to happen, to coincide
Notes: This is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'συμπίπτω'. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (together with) and 'πίπτω' (to fall). It means to fall together, to collapse, or to meet. In a broader sense, it can also mean to happen or to coincide, especially when events occur simultaneously or unexpectedly.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΙΠΤΩ
G5015
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: tah-rakh-THEN-tah
Translations: troubled, disturbed, agitated, having been troubled, having been disturbed, having been agitated
Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle derived from the verb 'tarassō', meaning 'to trouble' or 'to disturb'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing a state or action that has already occurred. It indicates that the subject has undergone the action of being troubled or disturbed by an external force. It can be used to describe people or things that have become agitated or unsettled.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΑΡΑΣΣΩ, ΘΟΡΥΒΕΩ, ΚΙΝΕΩ
Etymology: The word ταράσσω (tarassō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to stir, to agitate'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the sense of disturbance or confusion.
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G3004
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: leh-go-MEH-nohn
Translations: of things being said, of things being spoken, of things being told, of things being called
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb while retaining verbal qualities. In this form, it refers to 'things that are being said' or 'things that are being spoken about'. It is used to describe the subject or object of a statement or discussion.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter, Present, Passive
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΩΝ, ΡΗΘΕΝΤΩΝ
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: him, it, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun, typically meaning 'him' or 'it' when used as a personal pronoun. It can also be used intensively to mean 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject or object. It refers to a previously mentioned male person or a neuter object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter
G0235
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: AL-lah
Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed
Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.
G1727
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Noun
Sounds like: too-en-an-TEE-on
Translations: on the contrary, on the other hand, the opposite, a contrary thing
Notes: This word is a compound of the definite article 'το' (the) and the adjective 'ἀντίος' (opposite, contrary). When used together as 'τοὐναντίον' (tou enantion), it functions as an adverbial phrase meaning 'on the contrary' or 'on the other hand', indicating a contrast or opposition to what has just been said. It can also be used as a substantive noun meaning 'the opposite' or 'a contrary thing'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑ, ΔΕ
Etymology: The word 'ἀντίος' (antios) comes from 'ἀντί' (anti), meaning 'opposite' or 'against'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G0476
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: an-THOO-pa-ton
Translations: proconsul, a proconsul
Notes: This word refers to a proconsul, a Roman official who governed a province with consular authority. In the Roman Empire, proconsuls were typically former consuls who were appointed to oversee provinces, often with military command and judicial powers. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀντί' (anti, meaning 'instead of' or 'in place of') and 'ὕπατος' (hypatos, meaning 'highest' or 'consul').
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
G1839
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ek-STAY-nai
Translations: to stand out, to be amazed, to be astonished, to be beside oneself, to be out of one's mind, to yield, to give way
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'ekistēmi'. It literally means 'to stand out' or 'to displace'. In a figurative sense, it often means 'to be amazed' or 'to be astonished' to the point of being 'beside oneself' or 'out of one's mind'. It can also mean 'to yield' or 'to give way' to something or someone.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΘΑΥΜΑΖΩ, ΕΚΠΛΗΣΣΩ
G3992
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PEM-psai
Translations: to send, to send forth, to dispatch, to send away
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to send' or 'to dispatch'. It is often used in contexts where someone is sent on a mission, to a place, or to deliver something. It can also imply sending something away or dismissing it.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ, ΙΗΜΙ, ΕΞΑΠΟΣΤΕΛΛΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *pempeh₂- (to send, to drive).
G5037
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: TEH
Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.
G1438
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Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-ah-TOO
Translations: (of) himself, (of) herself, (of) itself, (of) themselves
Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject of the sentence. It indicates that the action of the verb is directed back to the one performing it. For example, 'he washed himself'. It is a compound word formed from the personal pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos) and the reflexive pronoun 'ἑαυτοῦ' (heautou).
Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter. It can also be used for Feminine or Plural contexts, though the specific form 'ΕΑΥΤΟΥ' is genitive singular masculine/neuter.
Etymology: From the combination of the personal pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos, 'self') and the reflexive pronoun 'ἑαυτοῦ' (heautou, 'of self').
G2783
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KAY-roo-kah
Translations: herald, a herald, preacher, a preacher, proclaimer, a proclaimer
Notes: This word refers to a herald, a public messenger, or a proclaimer. It denotes someone who makes a public announcement or proclamation, often with authority, such as an official messenger or a religious preacher. It is used to describe a person who publicly declares or announces something.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΓΓΕΛΟΣ, ΔΙΑΚΟΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΗΡΥΞ (kēryx) comes from the verb κηρύσσω (kērýssō), meaning 'to proclaim' or 'to preach'. Its ultimate origin is uncertain, but it is related to the idea of a public cry or announcement.
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G3319
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MEH-soh
Translations: middle, midst, among, between, in the midst (of), (in the) middle (of), (among), (between)
Notes: This word refers to the middle or center of something. It is often used in a prepositional phrase, such as 'in the midst of' or 'among', indicating a position surrounded by others. It can also describe something that is intermediate or in between two points.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΝΔΟΝ, ΕΣΩ
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G4712
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: sta-DEE-oo
Translations: (of) a stadium, (of) a race-course, (of) a furlong
Notes: This word refers to a stadium or race-course, a place where athletic contests were held. It also denotes a unit of distance, approximately 600 Greek feet or 606.75 English feet, often translated as a furlong. It is used to indicate a measurement of length.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΔΡΟΜΟΣ, ΑΓΩΝ
G2784
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kay-ROOK-sai
Translations: to proclaim, to preach, to herald, to announce
Notes: This word means to proclaim, preach, or announce publicly, often with authority or as a herald. It implies a formal and open declaration, making something known to a wide audience. It is used to describe the act of delivering a message, especially one of importance or divine origin.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΖΩ, ΑΝΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ, ΔΙΑΓΓΕΛΛΩ
Etymology: From κῆρυξ (kēryx, 'herald'). The verb means 'to be a herald, to proclaim as a herald'.
G5151
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: TRIHS
Translations: thrice, three times
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'three times' or 'on three occasions'. It is used to indicate that an action or event occurred a total of three times. For example, it might be used to say 'he did it three times' or 'it happened thrice'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: From the cardinal number ΤΡΕΙΣ (treis), meaning 'three'.
G4181
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: po-LY-kar-poss
Translations: Polycarp
Notes: Polycarp is a proper noun, referring to a specific individual. It is a compound word derived from 'πολύς' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many', and 'καρπός' (karpos), meaning 'fruit'. Thus, the name literally means 'much fruit' or 'fruitful'. In historical and religious contexts, it refers to Polycarp of Smyrna, an early Christian bishop and martyr.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Polycarp is of Greek origin, formed from the words 'πολύς' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many', and 'καρπός' (karpos), meaning 'fruit'. It was a common name in antiquity.
G3670
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: oh-mo-lo-GEE-sen
Translations: confessed, acknowledged, agreed, promised
Notes: This word means to confess, acknowledge, or agree. It implies speaking the same thing as another, assenting to a truth, or making a public declaration. It is often used in the context of confessing sins, acknowledging Christ, or agreeing to a statement.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΞΟΜΟΛΟΓΕΩ, ΟΜΟΦΩΝΕΩ
Etymology: The word Ὁμολογέω (homologeo) is a compound word derived from ὅμος (homos), meaning 'same', and λέγω (lego), meaning 'to speak' or 'to say'. Thus, its literal meaning is 'to say the same thing'.
G1438
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-ahf-TON
Translations: himself, herself, itself, themselves
Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning 'himself, herself, itself, or themselves'. It is used to refer back to the subject of the sentence, indicating that the action of the verb is directed back to the subject. For example, 'he saw himself'. It can be used for singular or plural subjects.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΝ
G5546
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: khris-tee-ah-NON
Translations: Christian, a Christian
Notes: This word refers to a follower of Christ. It is used to describe an individual who adheres to the teachings and beliefs associated with Jesus Christ. In a sentence, it would function as a noun, often referring to a person's religious identity.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΜΑΘΗΤΗΣ, ΠΙΣΤΟΣ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-nah-ee
Translations: to be, to exist, to happen, to become
Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'to be'. It expresses existence, identity, or a state of being. It can also be used to indicate purpose or result, especially when preceded by the genitive article 'τοῦ' (tou), in which case it can be translated as 'in order to be' or 'for the purpose of being'.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active. Does not inflect for person, number, gender, or case.
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOO-too
Translations: of this, of him, of it
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the demonstrative pronoun 'this' or 'he/she/it'. It indicates possession or origin, often translated as 'of this' or 'of him/it', and is used to point out something specific that has already been mentioned or is understood from context.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΥ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: lekh-THEN-tos
Translations: of having been said, of having been spoken, of having been told, of having been commanded
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective while retaining verbal qualities. In this form, it indicates an action that has already occurred and is in the passive voice, meaning the subject is receiving the action. It is used to describe something that has been said or spoken, often in a dependent clause, and is in the genitive case, indicating possession or relationship.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter, Aorist, Passive, Participle
Synonyms: ΕΙΡΗΜΕΝΟΥ, ΛΑΛΗΘΕΝΤΟΣ
G2783
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KAY-roo-koss
Translations: of a herald, of a preacher, of an announcer, of a proclaimer
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΚΗΡΥΞ' (kēryx). A kēryx was an official public messenger or announcer, often one who proclaimed the will of a king or a deity. In a religious context, it refers to one who proclaims the gospel or a divine message, a preacher. This form indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of'.
Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΓΓΕΛΟΣ, ΔΙΑΚΟΝΟΣ
G0537
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-PAN
Translations: all, every, whole, the whole, everything
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is often used to emphasize the totality or completeness of something. In the provided examples, it appears in the neuter singular form, referring to 'everything' or 'the whole'. It can modify a noun or be used substantively (as a noun) to mean 'everything'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΠΑΣ, ΟΛΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἅπας (hapas) is a compound word formed from the intensive prefix ἀ- (a-) and πᾶς (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. The prefix ἀ- serves to strengthen the meaning of 'all', emphasizing totality.
G4128
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PLAY-thoss
Translations: multitude, a multitude, crowd, a crowd, great number, abundance, a great number
Notes: This word refers to a large number or quantity of people or things. It can be used to describe a crowd of people, a large amount of something, or a general abundance. For example, it might refer to a large gathering of disciples or a great quantity of fish.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΑΓΕΛΗ
Etymology: From the Greek root *pleth-* meaning 'to be full' or 'to fill'. It is related to words indicating fullness or abundance.
G1484
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ETH-nohn
Translations: of nations, of Gentiles, of peoples, of the nations, of the Gentiles, of the peoples
Notes: This word refers to a nation, a people, or a group of people, often specifically used in the New Testament to refer to non-Jewish people, i.e., the Gentiles. It is used here in the genitive plural, indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of nations' or 'of Gentiles'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΑΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ
G2453
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-ee-ohn
Translations: of Jews, of the Jews
Notes: This word refers to people from Judea or those who are adherents of Judaism. It is a plural noun in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, often translated as 'of Jews' or 'belonging to Jews'. It can be used to describe the people, their customs, or their land.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G4667
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: SMOOR-nahn
Translations: myrrh, a myrrh
Notes: This word refers to myrrh, an aromatic gum resin obtained from certain trees, often used for perfume, incense, medicine, or embalming. It is a feminine noun and is used here in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of an action or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΛΙΒΑΝΟΝ, ΑΡΩΜΑ
Etymology: The word "σμίρνα" (smirna) or "σμύρνα" (smyrna) is of Semitic origin, likely from Aramaic or Arabic, referring to the aromatic resin.
G2730
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: kah-toy-KOON-tohn
Translations: of those dwelling, of those inhabiting, of those residing
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'katoikeō', meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'. As a genitive plural, it refers to 'those who are dwelling' or 'those who are inhabiting' something, indicating possession or relationship. It is often used to describe the inhabitants of a place.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΩΝ, ΕΝΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΩΝ
G0183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-kah-TAHS-kheh-toh
Translations: unrestrainable, uncontrollable, unbridled
Notes: This word describes something that cannot be held back, restrained, or controlled. It is often used to describe emotions or forces that are overwhelming and difficult to manage, such as an uncontrollable rage or an unbridled tongue. It implies a lack of discipline or an inability to be contained.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΚΡΑΤΗΣ, ΑΝΕΜΠΟΔΙΣΤΟΣ
G2372
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: thoo-MOH
Translations: (to) passion, (to) anger, (to) wrath, (to) indignation, (to) rage, (to) fury, (to) spirit, (to) soul
Notes: This word refers to a strong emotion, often negative, such as anger, wrath, or indignation. It can also refer to the seat of emotions, like the spirit or soul. In this dative form, it indicates the recipient or instrument of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'with'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΡΓΗ, ΠΑΘΟΣ, ΖΗΛΟΣ
Etymology: From an assumed root meaning 'to rush, breathe hard'. It originally referred to the soul or spirit as the principle of life, and later came to denote strong feelings or passions.
G3173
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MEH-gah-lay
Translations: great, large, mighty, a great, a large, a mighty
Notes: ΜΕΓΑΛΗ is a feminine adjective meaning 'great' or 'large'. It is used to describe feminine nouns, indicating their size, importance, or intensity. For example, it can describe a 'great city' or a 'large crowd'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΔΥΝΑΤΟΣ
G5456
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: foh-NAY
Translations: voice, sound, noise, a voice, a sound, a noise
Notes: This word refers to a voice, a sound, or a noise. It is commonly used to describe the sound produced by living beings, such as a human voice or the sound of an animal, but can also refer to inanimate sounds like thunder or the sound of a trumpet. It is a feminine noun.
Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Feminine
Synonyms: ΗΧΟΣ, ΚΡΑΥΓΗ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (to speak, tell, say). Cognate with Latin fari (to speak) and English ban.
G1943
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-peh-BO-ah
Translations: cried out, shouted, called upon, invoked
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to cry out' or 'to shout loudly'. It is often used in the context of calling upon someone for help or attention, or making a public proclamation. The prefix 'ἐπι-' (epi-) adds the sense of 'upon' or 'against', suggesting a cry directed towards someone or something.
Inflection: Aorist Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΚΡΑΖΩ, ΒΟΑΩ, ΦΩΝΕΩ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: OO-tos
Translations: this, that, he, she, it, these, those, this one, that one
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something or someone that is near, or has just been mentioned. It can function as a substantive (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'this one') or as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 'this man', 'these things'). It often refers to something immediately present or recently discussed in the discourse.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΔΕ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient demonstrative pronoun in Greek, possibly related to other Indo-European demonstratives.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tin
Translations: is, a is
Notes: This word is the third person singular present indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It means 'he is', 'she is', 'it is', or 'there is'. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being, often linking a subject to a predicate. It can also imply 'exists' or 'happens'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G0773
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ah-SEE-as
Translations: of Asia
Notes: This word refers to Asia, specifically the Roman province of Asia in the New Testament, which covered the western part of modern-day Turkey. It can also refer to the continent of Asia more broadly. It is used to indicate possession or origin, such as 'the king of Asia' or 'those from Asia'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: From Latin Asia, from Greek Asia, likely from an Anatolian language, possibly referring to the land of the Assuwa confederation.
G1320
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: di-DAS-ka-los
Translations: teacher, a teacher, master, instructor
Notes: This word refers to a teacher, instructor, or master. It is used to denote someone who imparts knowledge or provides instruction, often in a formal or authoritative capacity. It can be used in various contexts, from a general educator to a religious or philosophical leader.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΗΓΗΤΗΣ, ΡΑΒΒΙ
Etymology: From the Greek verb διδάσκω (didaskō), meaning 'to teach', combined with the suffix -καλος (-kalos), which forms nouns indicating a person who performs the action of the verb. Thus, it literally means 'one who teaches'.
G3962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pa-TEER
Translations: father, a father, parent, ancestor
Notes: This word refers to a father, a male parent, or an ancestor. It can also be used metaphorically to refer to God as the Father of humanity or of believers. It is typically used in a nominative case when it is the subject of a sentence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΝΗΤΩΡ, ΠΡΟΓΟΝΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'father'. It is a very ancient word found across many Indo-European languages.
G5546
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHRIS-tee-ah-NOHN
Translations: of Christians
Notes: This word refers to those who are followers of Christ, or adherents to the Christian faith. It is a compound word derived from 'Christos' (Christ) and a suffix indicating belonging or adherence. It is used to describe the community or group of believers.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΓΙΟΙ, ΠΙΣΤΟΙ
Etymology: The word ΧΡΙΣΤΙΑΝΟΣ (Christianos) is derived from ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ (Christos), meaning 'Anointed One' or 'Messiah', with the Latin suffix -ianus, indicating adherence or belonging. It was first used in Antioch to describe the followers of Jesus.
G2251
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Part of Speech: Possessive Pronoun
Sounds like: hay-meh-TEH-rohn
Translations: (of) our, (of) ours
Notes: This word is a possessive pronoun meaning 'our' or 'ours'. It indicates possession by a group including the speaker. As a genitive plural, it typically modifies a noun, indicating that the noun belongs to 'us'. For example, 'our house' or 'the house of ours'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΗΜΩΝ
Etymology: The word 'ἡμέτερος' (hēmeteros) comes from 'ἡμεῖς' (hēmeis), meaning 'we'. It is a possessive adjective derived from the first person plural pronoun.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: thay-OHN
Translations: of God, of gods
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun 'ΘΕΟΣ' (theos), meaning 'God' or 'a god'. It is used to indicate possession or origin, often translated as 'of God' or 'of the gods', depending on the context. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the temple of the gods' or 'the will of God'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΔΑΙΜΩΝ
G2509
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kah-thigh-REH-tays
Translations: destroyer, a destroyer, demolisher, a demolisher
Notes: This word refers to someone who pulls down, demolishes, or destroys. It describes an agent or doer of such actions, often implying a negative or destructive role.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΦΑΝΙΣΤΗΣ, ΟΛΕΘΡΕΥΤΗΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΑΘΑΙΡΕΤΗΣ is derived from the verb ΚΑΘΑΙΡΕΩ (kathaireō), meaning 'to take down, pull down, destroy'. It combines the prefix κατά (kata), meaning 'down', with the verb αἱρέω (haireō), meaning 'to take, seize'.
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pol-LOOS
Translations: many, much, great
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'many', 'much', or 'great'. It is used to describe a large quantity or number of something. In this form, it functions as the direct object of a verb, indicating that 'many' people or things are being acted upon.
Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΙΚΑΝΟΣ, ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΑΦΘΟΝΟΣ
G1321
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: di-DAS-kohn
Translations: teaching, a teacher, one who teaches
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'teaching' or 'one who teaches'. It describes an ongoing action of imparting knowledge or instruction. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'the one teaching').
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΠΑΙΔΕΥΩΝ, ΚΑΤΗΧΩΝ, ΜΑΘΗΤΕΥΩΝ
G2380
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: THOO-eh-in
Translations: to sacrifice, to offer sacrifice, to slay (for sacrifice)
Notes: This verb means to sacrifice, to offer a sacrifice, or to slay an animal for the purpose of sacrifice. It is commonly used in religious contexts, referring to the act of making an offering to a deity. For example, one might 'sacrifice' an animal or 'offer sacrifice' at an altar.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΣΦΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΣΦΕΡΩ
G3366
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: MEE-deh
Translations: neither, nor, not even, and not
Notes: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word formed from the negative particle μή (mē, 'not') and the conjunction δέ (de, 'but, and'). It is used to introduce a negative clause, often following another negative clause, conveying the sense of 'neither...nor' or 'not even'. It is primarily used with non-indicative moods, such as the imperative or subjunctive, to express prohibitions or negative conditions.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕ
Etymology: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word derived from the negative particle μή (mē), meaning 'not', and the postpositive conjunction δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'.
G4352
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pros-koo-NEH-een
Translations: to worship, to bow down, to prostrate oneself, to do obeisance
Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'προσκυνέω'. It is a compound word formed from 'πρός' (towards) and 'κυνέω' (to kiss). It describes the act of showing reverence or adoration, often by bowing down or prostrating oneself before someone or something, typically a deity or a person of high authority. It can be used to express worship, homage, or submission.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active
Synonyms: ΣΕΒΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΤΡΕΥΩ
Etymology: The verb 'προσκυνέω' is formed from the preposition 'πρός' (towards, facing) and the verb 'κυνέω' (to kiss). The original meaning was to kiss towards someone, especially the ground in front of them, as a gesture of reverence or submission, which evolved into the meaning of bowing down or worshipping.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: leh-GON-tes
Translations: saying, speaking, telling
Notes: This is the present active participle of the verb 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking or saying something, often functioning adverbially to describe how an action is performed, or adjectivally to describe those who are speaking.
Inflection: Present Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΦΩΝΟΥΝΤΕΣ
G0994
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-peh-BO-ohn
Translations: they were shouting, they were crying out, they cried out
Notes: This is a verb form meaning 'they were shouting' or 'they were crying out'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action of shouting in the past. The word is a compound of the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'at', and the verb βοάω (boaō), meaning 'to shout' or 'to cry out'.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΚΡΑΖΩ, ΦΩΝΕΩ
G2065
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ay-ROH-tohn
Translations: they were asking, they used to ask, they were questioning, they used to question, they were requesting, they used to request
Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative, third person plural form of the verb ἐρωτάω (erōtaō), meaning 'to ask', 'to question', or 'to request'. The imperfect tense indicates an ongoing, repeated, or continuous action in the past. So, 'they were asking' or 'they used to ask' are common translations, implying a sustained action rather than a single completed one.
Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΑΙΤΕΩ, ΠΥΝΘΑΝΟΜΑΙ
G0775
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-see-AR-khen
Translations: Asiarch, a leader of Asia
Notes: An Asiarch was a high-ranking official in the Roman province of Asia, chosen annually from among the wealthiest and most prominent citizens. Their primary role was to preside over and finance the public games and festivals held in honor of the Roman emperor and the goddess Roma. They held significant influence and prestige within the province.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: The word is a compound of ΑΣΙΑ (ASIA), referring to the Roman province of Asia, and ΑΡΧΗ (ARCHE), meaning 'rule' or 'beginning'. It literally means 'ruler of Asia' or 'chief of Asia'.
G5376
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: fee-LIP-pon
Translations: Philip
Notes: This is a proper name, referring to various individuals named Philip. In ancient Greek texts, it can refer to several historical figures, including apostles, kings, and other notable persons. It is used to directly refer to a male individual.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
G2443
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: EE-nah
Translations: in order that, that, so that, to
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.
G1881
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ep-af-AY
Translations: contact, a contact, touch, a touch
Notes: This word refers to the act of touching or coming into contact with something or someone. It can denote a physical touch, or a more general sense of connection or interaction. It is used to describe the state of being in contact.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΦΗ, ΕΠΑΦΗ
Etymology: From the Greek verb ἐφάπτω (ephaptō), meaning 'to lay hold of, to touch upon'. It is formed from ἐπί (epi, 'upon') and ἅπτω (haptō, 'to fasten, to touch').
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G4181
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: po-ly-KAR-po
Translations: (to) Polycarp, (for) Polycarp
Notes: This is the dative singular form of the proper noun Polycarp. Polycarp was an early Christian bishop of Smyrna (modern-day Izmir, Turkey) and is considered one of the Apostolic Fathers. He was martyred in the 2nd century AD.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
G3023
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: leh-ON-tah
Translations: lion, a lion
Notes: This word refers to a lion, a large carnivorous feline. In Koine Greek, it is often used literally to describe the animal, but can also be used metaphorically to denote strength, ferocity, or a powerful enemy, similar to its usage in English.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-fay
Translations: he said, she said, it said, he spoke, she spoke, it spoke
Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist indicative active form of the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone said or spoke in the past, often translated as 'he said' or 'she said'. It can be used in various contexts to introduce direct or indirect speech.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΙΠΕΝ
G1832
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb
Sounds like: EX-on
Translations: it is lawful, it is permitted, it is possible, being lawful, being permitted, being possible
Notes: This word is the neuter singular present active participle of the impersonal verb ἔξεστι (exesti), which means 'it is lawful,' 'it is permitted,' or 'it is possible.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing something that is lawful, permitted, or possible. It is often used in constructions where something is allowed or permissible.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΘΕΜΙΣ, ΔΥΝΑΤΟΝ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOH
Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
G1893
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: ep-AY-day
Translations: since, because, for, inasmuch as, seeing that
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause that provides a reason or cause for the main clause. It can be translated as 'since,' 'because,' or 'for,' indicating a logical connection between events or statements. It is often found at the beginning of a sentence or clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΓΑΡ, ΕΠΕΙ
Etymology: This word is a compound of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi, 'upon, on') and the conjunction ἘΠΕΙ (epei, 'when, since'), with the particle ΔΗ (de, 'indeed, now'). It emphasizes the causal relationship.
G4137
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pep-lay-RO-kay
Translations: he had filled, he had fulfilled, he had completed
Notes: This word is the third person singular perfect active indicative form of the verb 'πληρόω' (plēroō). It describes an action that was completed in the past and whose results were still in effect or relevant at a later point in the past. It means 'he had filled,' 'he had fulfilled,' or 'he had completed' something.
Inflection: Perfect Active Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΩ, ΑΝΑΠΛΗΡΟΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G2954
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: koo-nee-geh-SEE-ah
Translations: hunting, the chase, a hunting
Notes: This word refers to the act or practice of hunting, which involves pursuing and capturing or killing wild animals. It can be used in a general sense to describe the activity itself.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΘΗΡΑ, ΑΓΡΑ
Etymology: From κυνήγης (kynēgēs, 'hunter'), which combines κύων (kyōn, 'dog') and ἄγω (agō, 'to lead'). Thus, it literally means 'leading dogs' or 'leading with dogs' for the purpose of hunting.
G5119
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: TOH-teh
Translations: then, at that time, at that moment, thereupon, therefore
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that time'. It is used to indicate a point in time, often referring to a past or future event that follows another. It can also be used to introduce a consequence or result, similar to 'therefore' or 'in that case'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The word ΤΟΤΕ is a primary adverb, meaning it is not derived from another word in Greek. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'το' (this/that).
G1380
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-DOK-sen
Translations: it seemed good, it seemed best, it was decided, it pleased, it was thought, it was resolved
Notes: This word is the aorist active indicative, third person singular form of the verb 'δοκέω' (dokeō). It means 'it seemed good' or 'it was decided'. It is often used impersonally to express a decision or a consensus, indicating that something was deemed appropriate or pleasing to someone or a group. For example, 'it seemed good to them' or 'it was decided by the council'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΡΕΣΚΩ, ΚΡΙΝΩ, ΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOYS
Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her
Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
G3661
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: oh-moh-thoo-MAH-don
Translations: with one accord, unanimously, with one mind, together
Notes: This word describes an action performed by a group of people who are in complete agreement or have a single purpose. It emphasizes unity and harmony in their actions, meaning they act as if they have one shared spirit or intention. It is often used to describe a collective action where there is no dissent.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΕΣ, ΟΜΟΥ
Etymology: The word ΟΜΟΘΥΜΑΔΟΝ is derived from the adjective ΟΜΟΘΥΜΑΔΟΣ, which is a compound of ΟΜΟΣ (homos), meaning 'same' or 'one', and ΘΥΜΟΣ (thymos), meaning 'spirit', 'mind', or 'passion'. Thus, it literally means 'with the same spirit' or 'with one mind'.
G1943
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-pee-boh-AY-sahee
Translations: to cry out, to shout, to call out, to exclaim
Notes: This word means to cry out or shout, often with a loud voice, indicating a strong emotional response or an urgent call. It can be used when someone is calling for help, expressing a strong opinion, or making a public proclamation.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΒΟΑΩ, ΚΡΑΖΩ, ΑΝΑΒΟΑΩ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐπί (epi, 'upon, to') and βοάω (boaō, 'to shout, to cry aloud').
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: po-ly-KAR-pon
Translations: fruitful, very fruitful, abundant in fruit, a fruitful thing
Notes: This word describes something that produces much fruit or is very productive. It is a compound word formed from 'πολύς' (much, many) and 'καρπός' (fruit). It can be used to describe a person, a tree, or even a land that yields abundantly.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΕΥΚΑΡΠΟΣ, ΚΑΡΠΟΦΟΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word is derived from the Greek 'πολύς' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many', and 'καρπός' (karpos), meaning 'fruit' or 'produce'.
G2198
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Participle
Sounds like: ZOHN-tah
Translations: living, alive, living ones
Notes: This word is the neuter plural (nominative or accusative) or masculine plural (accusative) form of the present active participle of the verb 'to live'. It describes something or someone that is currently alive or has the quality of being alive. It is often used to refer to 'living things' or 'living beings'.
Inflection: Present Active Participle, Neuter Plural (Nominative or Accusative) or Masculine Plural (Accusative)
Synonyms: ΕΜΨΥΧΑ, ΕΝΕΡΓΑ
G2618
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tah-KOW-sy
Translations: to burn up, to consume by fire, to destroy by fire
Notes: This word is an infinitive form of the verb 'katakaiō', meaning 'to burn up' or 'to consume completely by fire'. It is a compound word formed from 'kata' (down, completely) and 'kaiō' (to burn). It describes an action of thorough and destructive burning, often implying complete annihilation by fire. It can be used in contexts where something is utterly destroyed by flames.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΩ, ΕΚΚΑΙΩ, ΑΝΑΛΙΣΚΩ
G1163
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-DEH-ee
Translations: it was necessary, it had to be, it behooved, one had to
Notes: This is an impersonal verb meaning 'it was necessary' or 'it had to be'. It describes something that was obligatory, proper, or destined to happen. It is often used to express a divine or moral necessity, or what was fitting or appropriate in a given situation. It typically takes an infinitive or a clause as its subject.
Inflection: Impersonal, Aorist, Indicative, Active
Etymology: The word ΔΕΙ (dei) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *deh₁- meaning 'to put, to place'. In Greek, it developed the sense of 'it is necessary' or 'it is binding'.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G5319
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: fah-neh-roh-THEY-sees
Translations: of having been revealed, of having been made manifest, of having been shown, of having been disclosed
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'phaneroo', meaning 'to make visible, to reveal, to make manifest'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred. In this form, it indicates something that has been revealed or made clear, often in a passive sense, meaning it was revealed to someone or something.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΗΛΩΘΕΙΣΗΣ, ΓΝΩΡΙΣΘΕΙΣΗΣ
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEE
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to
Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.
G4344
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pros-ke-fa-LAI-oo
Translations: of a pillow, of a cushion, of a headrest
Notes: This word refers to a pillow, cushion, or headrest. It is a compound word formed from 'πρός' (pros), meaning 'to' or 'at', and 'κεφαλή' (kephalē), meaning 'head'. It is used to describe an object placed under the head for support or comfort.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
G3705
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: op-ta-SEE-as
Translations: of vision, of a vision, of appearance, of an appearance
Notes: This word refers to a vision, an appearance, or a supernatural sight, often implying something seen with the eyes, but in a spiritual or extraordinary sense. It can describe a divine manifestation or a revelation perceived visually. In the genitive case, as in this form, it indicates possession or origin, such as 'of a vision' or 'belonging to an appearance'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΡΑΜΑ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΦΑΝΤΑΣΜΑ
G4137
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: play-roh-THEE-nai
Translations: to be fulfilled, to be completed, to be filled, to be made full
Notes: This word means to be filled, completed, or fulfilled. It is often used in the context of prophecies or time periods reaching their conclusion or being brought to pass. It describes something being brought to its full measure or state.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΣΘΗΝΑΙ, ΓΕΝΕΣΘΑΙ
G2036
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-pen
Translations: he said, she said, it said
Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, completed at a specific point in time. It is commonly used to introduce direct speech or to report what someone said.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ
G1994
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Part of Speech: Participle, Verb
Sounds like: ep-is-traf-EES
Translations: having turned back, having returned, having been converted, having been restored
Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle, meaning 'having turned back' or 'having returned'. It describes an action that has been completed prior to the main verb of the sentence. It can also carry the sense of being converted or restored, especially in a spiritual context. It is often used to describe someone changing direction, either physically or metaphorically.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ἈΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ἘΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G4862
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: soon
Translations: with, together with, along with
Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.
Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.
G4103
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pis-TOYS
Translations: to faithful, to believers, to trustworthy, to reliable
Notes: This word describes someone or something that is faithful, trustworthy, or reliable. It can refer to people who believe in something (believers) or those who are dependable and true. In the provided context, it refers to people who are faithful or believers.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΗΣ, ΕΥΣΕΒΗΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ
Etymology: From the Greek verb πείθω (peithō), meaning 'to persuade, to trust'. It describes someone who has been persuaded or has come to trust, and by extension, is trustworthy.
G4397
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: pro-fay-ti-KOS
Translations: prophetically, by way of prophecy
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'prophetically' or 'in a prophetic manner'. It describes an action or event that occurs as if by prophecy, or in fulfillment of a prophecy. It indicates that something is done or said in the manner of a prophet, or with prophetic insight.
Inflection: Does not inflect (adverbial form)
G1163
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Part of Speech: Impersonal Verb
Sounds like: DEH-ee
Translations: it is necessary, one must, it is proper, it behooves
Notes: This is an impersonal verb meaning 'it is necessary' or 'one must'. It expresses a strong sense of obligation, necessity, or inevitability. It is often used with an infinitive to indicate what must be done or what is destined to happen.
Inflection: Impersonal, 3rd person singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΧΡΗ, ΑΝΑΓΚΗ ΕΣΤΙΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *deyh₂- (to shine, to gleam), which developed into the sense of 'to be visible, to appear', and then 'to be proper, to be necessary'.
G1691
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MEH
Translations: me
Notes: This word is the first-person singular pronoun 'me' in the accusative case. It is used as the direct object of a verb or as the object of certain prepositions, indicating the recipient of an action or the object being affected.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, First Person
Etymology: The word ΜΕ (me) derives from the ancient Greek first-person singular pronoun. Its form has remained largely consistent throughout various stages of the Greek language.
G2545
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-EE-nahy
Translations: to burn, to be burned, to be kindled, to be inflamed
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'καίω' (kaiō), meaning 'to burn' or 'to kindle'. It describes the action of something being set on fire, or a strong emotion like anger being inflamed. It can be used in various contexts where the act of burning, either literally or figuratively, is implied.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΠΥΡΟΩ, ΦΛΕΓΩ
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