Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Polycarp of Smyrna / Martyrdom of Polycarp / Chapter 8Martyrdom of Polycarp, Chapter 8
Interlinear version from Polycarp of Smyrna (Beta)
G1893
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEI
Translations: since, because, for, when, after, inasmuch as
Notes: This word functions as a conjunction or adverb, introducing a clause that provides a reason, cause, or time. As a conjunction, it can mean 'since' or 'because' when indicating a cause, or 'when' or 'after' when indicating time. As an adverb, it can mean 'for' or 'inasmuch as'. It often introduces a dependent clause that explains the main clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΚΑΘΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙΔΗ
Etymology: From the preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, on') and the particle εἰ (ei, 'if'). It originally meant 'upon the condition that' or 'when'.
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G4218
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: PO-teh
Translations: at some time, ever, once, formerly, when, at any time, sometime
Notes: This word is an adverb that indicates a point in time, often indefinite. It can mean 'at some time' or 'ever,' referring to an unspecified past or future moment. It can also mean 'once' or 'formerly' when referring to a past event. In interrogative contexts, it means 'when?'. It is used to ask about or state the timing of an action or event.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΟΤΕΡΟΝ, ΠΟΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: From the interrogative stem *po- (related to 'who,' 'what') combined with the temporal suffix -te. It refers to an indefinite point in time.
G2664
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-teh-PAH-oo-sen
Translations: he rested, he ceased, he stopped, he caused to cease, he brought to an end
Notes: This word describes an action of resting, ceasing, or causing something to stop. It can refer to someone coming to a rest, or to someone bringing an activity or a state to an end. It is a compound verb formed from 'κατά' (down, against) and 'παύω' (to stop, to cease).
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΑΥΩ, ΑΝΑΠΑΥΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΗΓΩ
Etymology: The word καταπαύω (katapauō) is a compound verb derived from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb παύω (pauō), meaning 'to stop' or 'to cease'. The combination implies a complete or definitive cessation.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G4335
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pros-yoo-KHEEN
Translations: prayer, a prayer
Notes: This word is a noun meaning 'prayer' or 'supplication'. It refers to the act of communicating with a deity or a formal address to God. It is used to describe both private and public acts of devotion.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΕΗΣΙΣ, ΕΥΧΗ
G3421
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: mnee-moh-NEV-sas
Translations: remembering, having remembered, calling to mind, mentioning
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having remembered' or 'remembering'. It describes an action completed prior to or concurrent with the main verb of the sentence. It is used to indicate that someone has brought something to mind or has mentioned something.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΜΙΜΝΗΣΚΩ, ΕΠΙΛΑΝΘΑΝΟΜΑΙ
G0537
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-PAN-tohn
Translations: (of) all, (of) everyone, (of) everything
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ΑΠΑΣ' (apas), meaning 'all', 'every', or 'the whole'. It is a compound word formed from 'α-' (a-, a prefix indicating totality or completeness) and 'πας' (pas, meaning 'all' or 'every'). As a genitive plural, it indicates possession, origin, or relationship for multiple entities, often translated as 'of all' or 'concerning all'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΩΝ, ΟΛΩΝ
Etymology: The word ΑΠΑΣ (apas) is a compound of the intensive prefix ἀ- (a-) and the word πᾶς (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. The prefix ἀ- intensifies the meaning of 'all' to 'the whole' or 'everyone without exception'.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G4455
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: POH-po-teh
Translations: ever, at any time, at any point, never (when used with a negative)
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'ever' or 'at any time'. It is often used in conjunction with a negative particle (like οὐ or μή) to form the meaning 'never' or 'not ever'. For example, 'οὐ πώποτε' means 'never'. It emphasizes the temporal aspect of an action or state.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΟΤΕ, ΠΩΣ
Etymology: This word is a compound adverb formed from the interrogative/indefinite adverb πῶ (pō, 'how, in any way') and the indefinite adverb ποτέ (poté, 'at some time, ever'). The combination emphasizes the 'ever' aspect.
G4820
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: soom-be-BLEH-ko-tone
Translations: of those who have met, of those who have encountered, of those who have conferred, of those who have contributed, of those who have joined together
Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, meaning 'of those who have met' or 'of those who have encountered'. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'βάλλω' (ballō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'. When combined, it often refers to people or things coming together, meeting, or engaging in a joint action, such as conferring or contributing. It is used to describe a group of people who have previously come into contact or interaction.
Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΛΘΟΝΤΩΝ, ΣΥΝΕΥΡΕΘΕΝΤΩΝ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOH
Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) himself, (to) herself, (to) itself
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It functions as a personal pronoun meaning 'him', 'her', or 'it' when used as an indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for'. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. In some contexts, especially with the definite article, it can act as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the same'. Its usage depends heavily on the surrounding context.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
G3398
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: mee-KRON
Translations: of small, of little, of small things, of little things
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'small' or 'little'. It is used to describe things that are not large in size, quantity, or importance. In this inflected form, it often refers to 'of small things' or 'of little things', indicating possession or relation to something small.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΛΙΓΟΣ, ΒΡΑΧΥΣ
G5037
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: TEH
Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.
G3173
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: meh-gah-LOHN
Translations: of great, of large, of mighty, of important
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'great', 'large', 'mighty', or 'important'. It is used to describe nouns, indicating their size, significance, or power. In this form, it is in the genitive plural, often translating to 'of great' or 'of large' things or people, depending on the context.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΜΕΓΙΣΤΟΣ
G1741
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: EN-dox-ohn
Translations: glorious, honorable, renowned, illustrious, noble, famous, of glorious ones, of honorable ones
Notes: This word describes something or someone as glorious, honorable, or renowned. It is often used to refer to people of high standing, fame, or nobility. In a sentence, it would modify a noun, indicating its quality of being glorious or esteemed.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΗΜΟΣ, ΕΝΤΙΜΟΣ, ΕΥΚΛΕΗΣ
Etymology: The word ἔνδοξος (endoxos) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐν (en), meaning 'in' or 'among', and δόξα (doxa), meaning 'glory' or 'opinion'. Thus, it literally means 'in glory' or 'having glory'.
G0095
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Participle
Sounds like: ah-DOX-ohn
Translations: inglorious, without glory, dishonorable, of no reputation, obscure, of no account
Notes: This word is the genitive plural masculine, feminine, or neuter form of the adjective 'ἄδοξος' (adoxos). It describes something or someone that is without glory, dishonorable, or of no reputation. It is often used to refer to people who are obscure or of no account in society. As a participle, it functions adjectivally, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can be translated as 'of those who are inglorious' or 'of inglorious things'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΤΙΜΟΣ, ΑΣΗΜΟΣ, ΑΦΑΝΗΣ
Etymology: The word ἄδοξος (adoxos) is a compound word formed from the alpha privative 'ἀ-' (a-), meaning 'not' or 'without', and 'δόξα' (doxa), meaning 'glory', 'honor', or 'reputation'. Thus, it literally means 'without glory' or 'without honor'.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAH-sees
Translations: of all, of every, of the whole
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all', 'every', or 'the whole'. It is used to describe a noun, indicating that the noun refers to the entirety of something or every instance of it. It agrees with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and case. In this form, it is used when referring to a singular feminine noun in the genitive case, often indicating possession or origin.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: KAH-tah
Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along
Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.
G3625
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oy-koo-MEH-nen
Translations: the inhabited earth, the world, the Roman Empire
Notes: This word refers to the inhabited earth, often specifically the Roman Empire during the time of the New Testament. It can also refer more generally to the entire world or a specific region that is populated. It is used to describe the scope of events or authority, such as a decree affecting the whole world.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΟΣΜΟΣ, ΓΗ
Etymology: The word ΟΙΚΟΥΜΕΝΗ (oikoumenē) is the feminine present passive participle of the verb ΟΙΚΕΩ (oikeō), meaning 'to inhabit' or 'to dwell'. It literally means 'the inhabited (land)' or 'that which is inhabited'.
G2519
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: kah-tho-lee-KEES
Translations: of universal, of general, of catholic
Notes: This word describes something that is universal, general, or pertaining to the whole. It is often used in the context of the 'universal church' or 'general epistles'. It indicates something that applies to all or is comprehensive in scope.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΟΙΝΟΣ, ΟΛΟΣ, ΠΑΣ
G1577
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ek-klee-SEE-as
Translations: of church, of assembly, of congregation
Notes: This word refers to a gathering or assembly of people, often with a religious or political purpose. In the New Testament, it commonly refers to the Christian church or a local congregation of believers. It is a compound word formed from 'ἐκ' (out of) and 'καλέω' (to call), meaning 'a calling out' or 'an assembly of those called out'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΓΩΓΗ, ΟΜΙΛΙΑ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἘΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ is derived from the Greek preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb καλέω (kaleō), meaning 'to call'. It originally referred to an assembly of citizens called out from their homes for public business.
G5610
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OH-ras
Translations: of an hour, of a time, of a season, of a moment, of a day, of a time of day
Notes: This word refers to a specific period of time, such as an hour, a season, or a particular moment. It can also denote a specific time of day or a critical juncture. In this genitive form, it often indicates possession or a relationship, such as 'of an hour' or 'belonging to a time'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΡΟΥ, ΧΡΟΝΟΥ
G2064
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: el-THOO-sees
Translations: having come, of having come, of coming, of going
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἔρχομαι' (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is in the process of occurring, functioning like an adjective or adverb in a sentence. In this form, it indicates a feminine singular genitive, often translated as 'of her having come' or 'when she had come'. It is used to describe the action of someone or something feminine that has arrived or gone.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΗΚΩ, ΒΑΙΝΩ
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G1826
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ex-ee-EH-nai
Translations: to go out, to come out, to depart, to issue forth, to send forth, to let go out
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb ΕΞΙΗΜΙ. It is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἘΞ (out of) and the verb ἸΈΝΑΙ (to go or to send). It describes the action of moving from an inside location to an outside one, or of something being sent or let go from within. It can be used in various contexts to indicate departure, emergence, or emission.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΞΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The verb ΕΞΙΗΜΙ is a compound of the preposition ἘΞ (ex), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ἸΗΜΙ (hiemi), meaning 'to send' or 'to let go'. The infinitive form ἸΈΝΑΙ is related to the verb ΕἸΜΙ (eimi), 'to go'.
G3688
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: O-NO
Translations: to a donkey, to an ass, of donkeys, of asses
Notes: This word refers to a donkey or an ass, an animal commonly used for transport and labor in ancient times. It is an inflected form of the noun 'ὄνος' (onos). Depending on the context, it can indicate the recipient of an action (dative case, 'to a donkey') or possession/relationship (genitive case, 'of donkeys').
Inflection: Dative, Singular or Genitive, Plural, Masculine
G2523
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: kah-thee-SAN-tes
Translations: having sat down, sitting down, when they sat down, after they sat down
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to sit' or 'to cause to sit'. It describes an action of sitting that has already occurred or is ongoing, often implying a state resulting from that action. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'having sat down' or 'while sitting'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΗΜΕΝΟΙ, ΕΔΡΑΣΑΝΤΕΣ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: him, it, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun, typically meaning 'him' or 'it' when used as a personal pronoun. It can also be used intensively to mean 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject or object. It refers to a previously mentioned male person or a neuter object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter
G0071
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-GAH-gon
Translations: I led, I brought, I carried, I took, they led, they brought, they carried, they took
Notes: This word is an aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ἄγω' (ago), meaning 'to lead', 'to bring', 'to carry', or 'to take'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, completed at a specific point. Depending on the context, it can be translated as 'I led/brought/carried/took' (first person singular) or 'they led/brought/carried/took' (third person plural).
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΑΠΑΓΩ
Etymology: The word 'ἄγω' (ago) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to drive, lead, or draw'. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, with many derivatives.
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G4172
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: POH-lin
Translations: city, a city
Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ON-tos
Translations: (of) being, (of) existing, (of) a being, (of) an existing one
Notes: ὈΝΤΟΣ is the genitive singular present active participle of the verb 'to be'. It means 'being' or 'existing'. It is often used in genitive absolute constructions, which function like a subordinate clause, indicating time, cause, or circumstance, such as 'while it was being' or 'because it was being'.
Inflection: Present Active Participle, Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'.
G4521
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: sahb-BAH-too
Translations: (of) Sabbath, (of) a Sabbath
Notes: This word refers to the Sabbath, which is a day of rest and worship, observed by Jews from Friday sunset to Saturday sunset. In the New Testament, it often refers to the seventh day of the week. The genitive form 'ΣΑΒΒΑΤΟΥ' indicates possession or relationship, often translated as 'of the Sabbath' or 'belonging to the Sabbath'. It is used to specify a time or event in relation to the Sabbath day.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Neuter
Etymology: The word 'ΣΑΒΒΑΤΟΝ' is of Hebrew origin, derived from the Hebrew word 'šabbāṯ' (שַׁבָּת), meaning 'rest' or 'cessation'. It entered Greek through the Septuagint, the Koine Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible.
G3173
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MEH-gah-LOO
Translations: (of) great, (of) a great, (to) great, (to) a great, great things
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'great,' 'large,' 'big,' or 'mighty.' It is used to describe something of significant size, importance, or intensity. It can refer to physical size, but also to status, power, or quantity. For example, it might describe a great king, a large city, or a great amount of something.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter; or Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΟΛΥΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ
G5221
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: hoo-PEEN-tah
Translations: met, encountered, came to meet
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to meet' or 'to encounter'. It is often used to describe someone coming face-to-face with another person or group. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ὑπό' (hypo, 'under' or 'towards') and the verb 'ἀντάω' (antao, 'to meet').
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular or Plural
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΑΝΤΑΩ, ΑΠΑΝΤΑΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: Ee-ray-NAR-khos
Translations: peace-officer, peace-magistrate, a peace-officer, a peace-magistrate
Notes: This is a compound word formed from εἰρήνη (eirēnē), meaning 'peace', and ἄρχος (archos), meaning 'ruler' or 'leader'. An εἰρηνάρχος was a magistrate or officer in Roman provinces, particularly in Asia Minor, whose primary duty was to maintain public peace and order, and to suppress banditry. They were often local citizens appointed by the Roman authorities.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Etymology: From Ancient Greek εἰρήνη (eirēnē, “peace”) + ἄρχος (archos, “ruler, leader”).
G2264
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: hay-ROH-days
Translations: Herod
Notes: This is a proper noun referring to Herod, a name borne by several rulers of Judea mentioned in the New Testament. The most prominent is Herod the Great, who ruled at the time of Jesus' birth. The name is used to identify these specific historical figures.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Herod is of Greek origin, derived from the word 'ἥρως' (hērōs), meaning 'hero' or 'heroic'. It was a common name among the Hellenized Jewish aristocracy.
G3962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pa-TEER
Translations: father, a father, parent, ancestor
Notes: This word refers to a father, a male parent, or an ancestor. It can also be used metaphorically to refer to God as the Father of humanity or of believers. It is typically used in a nominative case when it is the subject of a sentence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΝΗΤΩΡ, ΠΡΟΓΟΝΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'father'. It is a very ancient word found across many Indo-European languages.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: (of) him, his, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun. In this genitive singular form, it typically means 'of him,' 'his,' 'of it,' or 'its,' indicating possession or origin. It can refer to a male person or a neuter object/concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'self'. It is an ancient Greek word that has been in continuous use.
G3528
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: nee-KEE-tays
Translations: victor, conqueror, a victor, a conqueror
Notes: This word refers to a person who achieves victory or conquers. It is used to describe someone who has overcome an opponent or challenge, often in a contest, battle, or struggle. It can be used in a literal sense for a winner of a competition or in a more metaphorical sense for someone who triumphs over adversity.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΝΙΚΩΝ, ΤΡΟΠΑΙΟΥΧΟΣ
Etymology: From the Koine Greek word νικάω (nikaō), meaning 'to conquer' or 'to overcome', which itself comes from νίκη (nikē), meaning 'victory'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G3346
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: meh-tah-THEN-tes
Translations: having transferred, having removed, having changed, having shifted, having altered
Notes: This word is a compound participle derived from the verb 'metatithemi', meaning to transfer, remove, change, or shift. It describes an action that has already taken place, indicating that the subject has moved something or themselves from one place or state to another. It can refer to physical relocation, a change in position, or even a change in allegiance or opinion.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑΒΑΛΛΟΝΤΕΣ, ΜΕΤΑΚΙΝΟΥΝΤΕΣ
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEE
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to
Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kah-ROO-khan
Translations: carriage, a carriage, chariot, a chariot
Notes: This word refers to a type of wheeled vehicle, specifically a carriage or chariot. It is used to describe a mode of transport, often for individuals of importance or for travel over land. It is a compound word, likely derived from Latin, and is not found in the standard Koine Greek lexicon (Strong's Concordance), suggesting it may be a later or less common term, possibly a loanword.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The word ΚΑΡΟΥΧΑ (karoucha) is believed to be a loanword from Latin 'carruca', which also referred to a type of wheeled vehicle or carriage. It entered the Greek language during the Roman period.
G3982
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-PEY-thon
Translations: they were persuading, they were convincing
Notes: This word is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb ΠΕΙΘΩ (peithō). It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. In this active voice, it means 'they were persuading' or 'they were trying to convince' someone. The verb can also mean 'to obey' in the middle or passive voice, but in this active form, it refers to the act of influencing others.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΠΕΙΘΩ, ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛΕΩ
G3865
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: pah-rah-kah-theh-ZOH-meh-noy
Translations: sitting beside, sitting down, taking one's seat, those sitting beside
Notes: This word is a compound participle formed from 'παρά' (beside, alongside), 'κατά' (down), and 'ἕζομαι' (to sit). It describes the action of sitting down beside someone or something, or simply taking one's seat. It is used to indicate a group of people who are in the act of sitting or have sat down next to someone or in a particular place.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΗΜΕΝΟΙ, ΣΥΓΚΑΘΗΜΕΝΟΙ
Etymology: The word is a compound of three elements: 'παρά' (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside'; 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down'; and 'ἕζομαι' (hezomai), meaning 'to sit'. The combination conveys the idea of sitting down next to something or someone.
G3004
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: leh-GON-tes
Translations: saying, speaking, telling
Notes: This is the present active participle of the verb 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking or saying something, often functioning adverbially to describe how an action is performed, or adjectivally to describe those who are speaking.
Inflection: Present Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΦΩΝΟΥΝΤΕΣ
G5101
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE
Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing
Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G2556
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: KAH-kon
Translations: evil, bad, harmful, wicked, a bad thing, an evil thing, a wrong, a misfortune, a disaster
Notes: This word describes something that is bad, evil, or harmful. It can refer to moral wickedness, physical harm, or general poor quality. When used as a substantive (like a noun), it refers to an evil thing, a wrong, or a misfortune. It can be used to describe actions, intentions, or conditions.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ, ΦΑΥΛΟΣ, ΑΣΕΒΗΣ
Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be pre-Greek or from an unknown root.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tin
Translations: is, a is
Notes: This word is the third person singular present indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It means 'he is', 'she is', 'it is', or 'there is'. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being, often linking a subject to a predicate. It can also imply 'exists' or 'happens'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
G2036
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ay-PINE
Translations: to say, to speak, to tell
Notes: This word is an aorist infinitive verb meaning 'to say', 'to speak', or 'to tell'. It is used to express the action of speaking or communicating something, often in a general sense without specifying the subject or object of the action. It can be used in various constructions, such as after verbs of commanding or desiring, or to express purpose.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΕΙΝ, ΛΑΛΕΙΝ, ΦΑΝΑΙ
Etymology: ΕἸΠΕΙΝ is the aorist infinitive of the verb ΕἸΠΩ, which is a suppletive aorist form used with the present tense verbs ΛΕΓΩ and ΦΗΜΙ. Its origin traces back to Proto-Indo-European roots related to speaking or declaring.
G2962
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: KOO-ree-oss
Translations: Lord, a Lord, master, a master, owner, an owner, sir
Notes: This word refers to a person who has authority, control, or ownership over something or someone. It is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to God or Jesus Christ, signifying their supreme authority and sovereignty. It can also be used in a more general sense for a human master or owner.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ, ΑΥΘΕΝΤΗΣ
Etymology: The word ΚΥΡΙΟΣ derives from the Greek word κῦρος (kyros), meaning 'supreme power' or 'authority'. It signifies one who possesses power and authority, thus a lord or master.
G2541
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: KAI-sar
Translations: Caesar
Notes: This word refers to Caesar, a title used by Roman emperors. It is derived from the family name of Julius Caesar and was adopted by subsequent emperors as a title of imperial authority. It is used in the New Testament to refer to the reigning Roman emperor.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The word "ΚΑΙΣΑΡ" is a transliteration of the Latin name "Caesar," which was originally the cognomen of a branch of the gens Julia, most famously Gaius Julius Caesar. After his death, his adopted son Octavian (Augustus) used it as part of his title, and it subsequently became a title for Roman emperors.
G1964
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-pee-THOO-sai
Translations: to sacrifice, to offer sacrifice
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to sacrifice' or 'to offer sacrifice'. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to', and the verb 'θύω' (thyō), meaning 'to sacrifice'. It describes the act of making an offering, typically to a deity, often on an altar.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΘΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΦΕΡΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G5124
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toys
Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ
G0191
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-ko-LOO-thah
Translations: following, accompanying, consistent, suitable, appropriate, things that follow, things that accompany, things that are suitable, things that are appropriate
Notes: This word describes something that follows, accompanies, or is consistent with something else. It can refer to things that are suitable or appropriate in a given context. In the provided examples, it appears to be used in the neuter plural, referring to 'things that follow' or 'things that are appropriate' in a general sense.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΣΥΜΦΩΝΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΗΚΩΝ, ΕΠΙΤΗΔΕΙΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἀκόλουθος (akolouthos) comes from the prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'together' or 'with', and κέλευθος (keleuthos), meaning 'path' or 'way'. Thus, it literally means 'one who is on the same path' or 'following the same way'.
G1295
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dee-ah-SOH-zes-thai
Translations: to be saved, to be preserved, to be rescued, to be brought safely through
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'by means of', and the verb σῴζω (sōzō), meaning 'to save' or 'to preserve'. In its passive infinitive form, it means 'to be saved through' or 'to be brought safely through'. It describes the action of being preserved or rescued, often implying a process or a means by which the salvation or preservation occurs.
Inflection: Present, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΣΩΖΩ, ΡΥΟΜΑΙ, ΕΚΣΩΖΩ
Etymology: The word διασῴζω (diasōzō) is a compound of the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and the verb σῴζω (sōzō), meaning 'to save' or 'to preserve'. The prefix διά intensifies the action of saving, emphasizing the idea of bringing something safely through a difficult situation.
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G4413
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: PRO-tah
Translations: first, foremost, chief, principal, first things, firstly, at first, before
Notes: This word can function as an adjective or an adverb. As an adjective, it means 'first,' 'foremost,' 'chief,' or 'principal,' referring to something that is initial in time, order, or importance. In its neuter plural form, it can refer to 'the first things.' As an adverb, it means 'firstly,' 'at first,' or 'before,' indicating the initial action or position in a sequence.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (as an adjective); Does not inflect (as an adverb)
Synonyms: ΠΡΩΤΟΣ, ΠΡΩΤΟΝ, ΠΡΩΤΩΣ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.
G0611
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-peh-KREE-nah-toh
Translations: answered, replied
Notes: This verb means 'to answer' or 'to reply'. It is often used in narratives to indicate a response to a question, statement, or situation. It can be used with a dative object to indicate to whom the answer is given.
Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΥΠΟΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΛΕΓΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOYS
Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her
Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
G1961
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: ep-ee-MEH-non-tone
Translations: of those remaining, of those continuing, of those abiding, of those persisting
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to', and the verb 'μένω' (meno), meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide'. Together, it signifies to remain upon, continue in, or persist in a state or action. As a participle, it describes someone who is in the act of remaining or continuing. It is often used to indicate perseverance or steadfastness.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΜΕΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΜΕΝΩ, ΔΙΑΜΕΝΩ
Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΜΕΝΩ is derived from the prefix ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to', and the verb μένω (meno), meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, of themselves
Notes: This word is a pronoun indicating possession or relation, specifically for a group of people or things. It is used to mean 'of them' or 'their', often referring back to a previously mentioned plural noun or pronoun.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-fay
Translations: he said, she said, it said, he spoke, she spoke, it spoke
Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist indicative active form of the verb 'φημί' (phēmi), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone said or spoke in the past, often translated as 'he said' or 'she said'. It can be used in various contexts to introduce direct or indirect speech.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΙΠΕΝ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G3195
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: MEL-loh
Translations: to be about to, to be going to, to intend, to delay, to hesitate
Notes: This verb is primarily used to express an action that is about to happen or is intended to happen. It often indicates an impending event or a future action, sometimes with a sense of certainty or necessity. It can also convey the idea of delaying or hesitating to do something. It is frequently followed by an infinitive.
Inflection: First person singular, Present, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΑΖΩ, ΠΡΟΤΙΘΗΜΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- 'to grind, to crush'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to be concerned with, to intend, to be about to'.
G4160
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: poy-EH-in
Translations: to do, to make, to produce, to create, to perform, to accomplish, to bring about
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ποιέω' (poieō), meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. It is a very common verb in Koine Greek and can be used in a wide range of contexts, from physical actions like making something, to abstract actions like performing a deed or bringing something about. It often indicates the execution of an action or the creation of an object.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ
Etymology: The word 'ποιέω' (poieō) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to an old root meaning 'to make' or 'to create'.
G4823
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soom-boo-LEH-oo-eh-teh
Translations: you advise, you counsel, you give counsel, advise, counsel, give counsel
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (SYN), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ (BOULEUŌ), meaning 'to deliberate' or 'to plan'. Therefore, ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ means 'to deliberate together' or 'to give counsel'. The form ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΕΥΕΤΕ can be used as a statement (indicative) meaning 'you (plural) advise' or as a command (imperative) meaning 'advise!' or 'counsel!'. It describes the act of offering guidance or recommendations to others.
Inflection: 2nd Person, Plural, Present, Active, Indicative or Imperative
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΕΥΩ, ΠΑΡΑΙΝΕΩ, ΝΟΥΘΕΤΕΩ
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: MOY
Translations: (to) me, (for) me
Notes: ΜΟΙ is the dative form of the first-person singular pronoun 'I'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, showing to whom or for whom an action is performed. It can also express possession or benefit.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, First Person
Synonyms: ΕΜΟΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient word, found across many Indo-European languages.
G657
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ah-poh-too-KHON-tes
Translations: failing, having failed, missing, having missed, being unsuccessful, having been unsuccessful
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'apotynchanō', meaning 'to fail' or 'to miss'. It describes someone who has failed or been unsuccessful in an endeavor. It is often used to indicate a past action that resulted in failure, or a state of having failed.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΤΥΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΑΠΟΤΥΧΟΝΤΩΝ, ΑΠΟΤΥΧΟΝΤΑΣ
G3982
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pay-SAI
Translations: to persuade, to convince, to win over, to prevail upon
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'ΠΕΙΘΩ'. It means 'to persuade' or 'to convince' someone to do something or to believe something. It is often used in contexts where one person is trying to influence the thoughts or actions of another.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΠΕΙΘΩ, ΠΑΡΑΠΕΙΘΩ
G1169
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: DEH-nah
Translations: terrible, dreadful, fearful, dire, awful, grievous, severe, terrible things, dreadful things
Notes: This word describes something that is terrible, dreadful, or severe. It can refer to things that cause fear, great difficulty, or intense suffering. In its plural form, it often refers to 'terrible things' or 'dire circumstances'. It is used to emphasize the gravity or intensity of a situation, event, or punishment.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΦΟΒΕΡΟΣ, ΧΑΛΕΠΟΣ, ΒΑΡΥΣ
G4487
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: RHE-ma-ta
Translations: words, sayings, things, matters, deeds
Notes: This word refers to spoken or written words, sayings, or utterances. It can also refer to the 'things' or 'matters' that are spoken about, or even the 'deeds' that result from words. It is used broadly to encompass both the linguistic expression and the content or subject matter of that expression.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΛΟΓΟΙ, ΕΠΗ, ΦΩΝΑΙ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EH-leh-gon
Translations: they were saying, they said, they used to say
Notes: This is an inflected form of the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past. It is used to indicate that a group of people were in the process of speaking or had a habit of saying something.
Inflection: Imperfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides
Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G4710
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: spoo-DEHS
Translations: (of) diligence, (of) haste, (of) earnestness, (of) zeal, (of) eagerness
Notes: This word refers to a state of earnestness, diligence, or eagerness. It can also denote speed or haste in action. It is used to describe the quality of being diligent or the act of doing something quickly and with great effort.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΑΧΟΣ, ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΙΑ, ΖΗΛΟΣ
Etymology: The word σπουδή (spoudē) is derived from the verb σπεύδω (speudō), meaning 'to hasten' or 'to be eager'. It refers to the quality of being quick or earnest in action.
G2507
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ka-thee-ROON
Translations: they were taking down, they were pulling down, they were destroying, they were casting down, they were removing
Notes: This word describes the action of taking something down, pulling it down, or destroying it. It can refer to physically dismantling structures, removing objects, or metaphorically overthrowing or bringing down a person or system. It implies a continuous or repeated action in the past.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ΑΝΑΙΡΕΩ, ΚΑΤΑΒΑΛΛΩ
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G2718
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: kah-tee-OH-noh-tah
Translations: going down, descending, coming down, those going down, those descending
Notes: This word is a present active participle, masculine or feminine, accusative plural, derived from the verb ΚΑΤΕΙΜΙ, meaning 'to go down' or 'to descend'. It describes people or things that are in the process of descending. In a sentence, it would function as an adjective modifying a noun, or as a substantive, meaning 'those who are going down'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΒΑΙΝΟΝΤΑΣ, ΚΑΤΕΡΧΟΜΕΝΟΥΣ
G0575
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: AH-po
Translations: from, away from, out of, off, (of), by, since, after
Notes: ἈΠΟ is a common Koine Greek preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or source. It is always used with the genitive case. It can mean 'from' or 'away from' a place or person, indicating movement away. It can also denote the cause or agent ('by'), or a temporal starting point ('since', 'after').
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἘΚ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with English 'off' and 'of'.
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ka-ROO-khas
Translations: litter, a litter, sedan chair, a sedan chair, carriage, a carriage
Notes: This word refers to a litter, sedan chair, or carriage, typically used for transport, especially for important or wealthy individuals. It describes a covered or open vehicle, often carried by people or animals, designed for comfortable travel. It is a noun that would be used to refer to such a conveyance.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The etymology of ΚΑΡΟΥΧΑΣ is uncertain, but it is believed to be a loanword, possibly from a Semitic language or from Latin 'carruca' (a type of four-wheeled carriage).
G0629
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-po-SY-rai
Translations: to drag away, to strip off, to pull off, to tear away
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb ἀποσύρω. It means 'to drag away' or 'to strip off' something from someone or something else. It describes an action of forceful removal or pulling.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΣΥΡΩ, ΑΦΑΙΡΕΩ, ΕΚΔΥΩ
Etymology: The word ἀποσύρω is a compound verb formed from the prefix ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb σύρω (syrō), meaning 'to drag' or 'to pull'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: an-tee-KNEE-mee-on
Translations: greave, shin-guard, a greave, a shin-guard
Notes: This word refers to a piece of armor that protects the shin, often called a greave or shin-guard. It is a compound word formed from 'ἀντί' (anti), meaning 'against' or 'opposite', and 'κνήμη' (knēmē), meaning 'shin' or 'leg'. It describes something that is placed against or over the shin for protection.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The word is a compound of the Greek preposition ἀντί (anti), meaning 'against' or 'opposite', and the noun κνήμη (knēmē), meaning 'shin' or 'leg', with the diminutive or neuter suffix -ιον (-ion).
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G2010
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: eh-pee-trah-FEIS
Translations: having been turned over, having been entrusted, having been permitted, having been allowed
Notes: This word is an aorist passive participle of the verb ἐπιτρέπω, meaning 'to turn over to, to entrust, to permit, or to allow.' As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred and functions adjectivally or adverbially, often indicating the cause or circumstance of another action. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐπί (upon, to) and the verb τρέπω (to turn).
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΑΩ, ΣΥΓΧΩΡΕΩ
Etymology: The verb ἐπιτρέπω is formed from the preposition ἐπί (meaning 'upon' or 'to') and the verb τρέπω (meaning 'to turn'). The combination suggests turning something over to someone or turning towards a permission.
G3762
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: oo-DEN
Translations: nothing, none, not any, no one
Notes: This word is a negative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one' when used as a pronoun, and 'not any' or 'no' when used as an adjective. It is a compound word formed from the negative particle οὐ (ou, 'not') and the indefinite pronoun εἷς (heis, 'one'). It is used to express absolute negation.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΗΔΕΝ, ΟΥ̓ΔΕΝΟΣ
G3958
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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective
Sounds like: peh-PON-thohs
Translations: having suffered, having endured, having experienced, one who has suffered, one who has endured
Notes: This word is a perfect active participle derived from the verb 'ΠΑΣΧΩ' (pascho), meaning 'to suffer' or 'to experience'. As a participle, it describes someone who has already undergone or experienced something, often suffering or hardship. It can function as an adjective, modifying a noun, or as a substantive (like a noun) referring to 'the one who has suffered' or 'he who has experienced'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect Active Participle
Synonyms: ΠΑΘΩΝ, ΥΠΟΜΕΙΝΑΣ
Etymology: The verb 'ΠΑΣΧΩ' (pascho) comes from an ancient root related to suffering or experiencing. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, indicating the reception of an action or an experience, often involving pain or hardship.
G4390
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: pro-THOO-mos
Translations: willingly, eagerly, readily, cheerfully
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'willingly' or 'eagerly'. It describes an action performed with a ready and cheerful disposition, indicating a positive and unhesitating attitude towards something. It is often used to emphasize the enthusiasm with which an action is carried out.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚΟΥΣΙΩΣ, ΕΤΟΙΜΩΣ
G4198
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-po-REU-eh-toh
Translations: was going, went, traveled, proceeded
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to go,' 'to travel,' or 'to proceed.' It is in the imperfect tense, indicating a continuous, repeated, or ongoing action in the past. It can be used to describe someone moving from one place to another, or a process unfolding over time. The form ἘΠΟΡΕΥΕΤΟ specifically refers to a third-person singular subject (he, she, or it) who was going or traveling.
Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΓΩ
G0071
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ah-GOH-meh-nos
Translations: being led, being brought, being carried, being driven
Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being led' or 'being brought'. It describes someone or something that is currently in the process of being led, brought, carried, or driven by an external force. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun, and can also be used substantively (as a noun) to refer to 'the one being led' or 'those being led'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Passive, Participle
Synonyms: ΦΕΡΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΟΜΙΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ
G4712
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: sta-DEE-on
Translations: stadium, a stadium, race course, a race course, furlong, a furlong
Notes: This word refers to a stadium or a race course, a place where athletic contests, especially footraces, were held. It can also denote a measure of distance, specifically a furlong, which was approximately 600 Greek feet or about 200 meters. It is used to describe both the physical location and the unit of measurement.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΔΡΟΜΟΣ, ΑΓΩΝ
Etymology: The word "στάδιον" comes from the Greek root "στάδιος" (stadios), meaning 'fixed, standing still'. It originally referred to a fixed measure of length, and then to the place where such a length was measured out for races.
G2351
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: tho-RY-boo
Translations: (of) a noise, (of) a tumult, (of) a disturbance, (of) an uproar, (of) a crowd
Notes: This word refers to a noise, a tumult, or a disturbance, often implying a crowd or a commotion. It can describe the sound made by a large group of people, or the general state of disorder or agitation. For example, one might speak of the 'noise of the city' or the 'uproar of the crowd'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΤΑΡΑΧΗ, ΗΧΟΣ
G5082
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: tay-lee-KOO-too
Translations: of so great, of such a great, of so large, of such a large, of so important, of such an important
Notes: This word is an adjective used to describe something of a certain size, age, or importance, often emphasizing its magnitude. It can mean 'so great,' 'so large,' 'so old,' or 'so important,' depending on the context. It is used to highlight the significant degree or quality of a noun.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΕΓΑΣ, ΤΟΣΟΥΤΟΣ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek τηλικοῦτος (tēlikoûtos), meaning 'of such an age, of such a size'. It is formed from the demonstrative stem τηλι- (tēli-) and the pronominal suffix -κοῦτος (-koûtos).
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G4712
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: sta-DI-oh
Translations: stadion, a stadium, a furlong, a race-course
Notes: This word refers to a stadium, a race-course, or a unit of measurement, specifically a furlong, which was approximately 600 Greek feet or about 607 feet (185 meters). It is used to denote a place for athletic contests or a specific distance.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Neuter
G3366
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: MEE-deh
Translations: neither, nor, not even, and not
Notes: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word formed from the negative particle μή (mē, 'not') and the conjunction δέ (de, 'but, and'). It is used to introduce a negative clause, often following another negative clause, conveying the sense of 'neither...nor' or 'not even'. It is primarily used with non-indicative moods, such as the imperative or subjunctive, to express prohibitions or negative conditions.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕ
Etymology: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word derived from the negative particle μή (mē), meaning 'not', and the postpositive conjunction δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'.
G191
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-koos-THAY-nai
Translations: to be heard, to hear, to be listened to
Notes: This word is the aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'ἀκούω' (akouō), meaning 'to hear' or 'to listen'. In this passive infinitive form, it means 'to be heard' or 'to be listened to'. It describes an action that is completed (aorist aspect) and where the subject receives the action (passive voice). It functions as a verbal noun, often used after verbs like 'to cause' or 'to make' (as in 'to cause to be heard') or in indirect statements.
Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE-nah
Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything
Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.
Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter
G1410
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: doo-NAH-sthai
Translations: to be able, to have power, to be strong, can
Notes: This is the present middle/passive infinitive form of the verb 'δύναμαι'. It means 'to be able' or 'to have power'. It is often used in constructions where one expresses the ability or capacity to do something, similar to the English 'can' or 'to be able to'.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Middle or Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΩ, ΕΞΕΣΤΙ
Etymology: From the root 'δύναμαι', meaning 'to be able'. It is related to 'δύναμις' (dynamis), meaning 'power' or 'ability'.
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