2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PAS

Translations: all, every, whole, any, a whole

Notes: This word means 'all', 'every', or 'whole'. It is used to indicate totality or completeness. It can refer to every single item in a group, or the entirety of something. For example, 'all people' or 'the whole house'. It often takes on the meaning of 'every' when used with a singular noun, and 'all' when used with a plural noun. It can also mean 'any' in certain contexts.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to words meaning 'all' or 'every' in various Indo-European languages.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G0749

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-khee-e-REH-oos

Translations: high priest, a high priest, chief priest, a chief priest

Notes: This word refers to the chief religious official in ancient Israel, responsible for leading the temple worship and performing the most sacred rituals, especially on the Day of Atonement. It is a compound word formed from 'ΑΡΧΗ' (arche), meaning 'chief' or 'first', and 'ΙΕΡΕΥΣ' (hiereus), meaning 'priest'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΠΡΩΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the Greek words 'ΑΡΧΗ' (arche), meaning 'chief' or 'first', and 'ΙΕΡΕΥΣ' (hiereus), meaning 'priest'. It describes the principal or leading priest.

G1537, G1803

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: eks

Translations: out of, from, by, of, six

Notes: This word can function in two main ways. As a preposition, it means 'out of' or 'from', indicating origin, source, or separation. It is always used with the genitive case. It can also denote the agent or cause of something. As a numeral, it means 'six'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΕΚ, ΕΞΑ

Etymology: As a preposition, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'out'. As a numeral, it comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'six'.

G2983

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: lam-ba-NO-me-nos

Translations: being taken, being received, being seized, one who is being taken, one who is being received

Notes: This word is a present passive participle derived from the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or an adverb, describing someone or something that is in the process of being taken, received, or seized. It can be used to describe an ongoing action where the subject is the recipient of the action.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G5228

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-PER

Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than

Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.

G2525

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kah-this-TAH-tai

Translations: is appointed, is established, is set, is made, is put, is ordained

Notes: This word describes the action of being appointed, established, or set in a particular position or state. It is often used in contexts where someone is being put in charge, or something is being set up or constituted. It can also mean to be made or become something. As a middle/passive voice, it indicates that the subject is receiving the action or acting upon itself.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΟΡΙΖΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G2443

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EE-nah

Translations: in order that, that, so that, to

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.

G4374

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-FEH-ree

Translations: offer, bring, present, bring to, present to, bring forward

Notes: This word means 'to offer,' 'to bring,' or 'to present.' It is often used in the context of bringing something to someone, especially an offering or a gift to God or a sacrifice. It can also mean to present a person or a case before an authority.

Inflection: Singular, Third Person, Subjunctive, Aorist or Present, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΦΕΡΩ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek πρός (pros, 'to, toward') and φέρω (pherō, 'to bear, carry').

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G3356

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-tree-oh-pa-THEIN

Translations: to be moderate, to deal gently, to have compassion, to sympathize

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from 'μέτριος' (moderate) and 'πάθος' (suffering, feeling). It means to feel moderately, to be moderate in one's feelings, or to deal gently with others, especially those who are ignorant or erring. It implies a compassionate understanding of human weakness. It can be used in sentences to describe someone who shows forbearance or sympathy.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΣΥΜΠΑΘΕΩ, ΕΠΙΕΙΚΕΥΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The verb ΜΕΤΡΙΟΠΑΘΕΩ is derived from the adjective ΜΕΤΡΙΟΣ (metrios), meaning 'moderate, within measure', and the noun ΠΑΘΟΣ (pathos), meaning 'suffering, feeling, emotion'. Thus, it literally means 'to feel moderately' or 'to suffer in moderation'.

G4105

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: plah-NOH-meh-noys

Translations: wandering, going astray, being led astray, being deceived, being misled, straying

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to wander' or 'to lead astray'. It describes someone or something that is in the process of wandering, straying, or being led astray, either physically or morally. It can refer to sheep that have wandered from the flock, or to people who have been deceived or have gone astray from truth or righteousness.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Masculine, Plural, Dative Case

Synonyms: ΠΛΑΝΟΙΣ, ΠΛΑΝΗΤΑΙΣ, ΠΛΑΝΩΜΕΝΟΙ

G1893

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: eh-PEI

Translations: since, because, for, when, after

Notes: This word functions as a conjunction, introducing clauses that explain the reason or cause for something, similar to 'because' or 'since'. It can also introduce clauses of time, indicating that something happened 'when' or 'after' another event. Its meaning is determined by the context of the sentence.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΚΑΘΟΤΙ, ΩΣ

Etymology: From the prefix ἐπί (epi, 'upon, to') and the particle εἰ (ei, 'if'). It originally meant 'upon the condition that' or 'in the event that', evolving to 'since' or 'because'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very, a same, the same

Notes: This word functions as both a pronoun and an adjective. As a pronoun, it can mean 'he, she, it' (third person personal pronoun) or be used intensively to mean 'himself, herself, itself, themselves'. When used as an adjective, it means 'the same' or 'the very'. Its meaning depends on its position and context within a sentence. For example, when used attributively with an article (e.g., ὁ αὐτὸς), it means 'the same'. When used predicatively or without an article, it often has an intensive meaning ('he himself').

Inflection: Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter; Singular or Plural; Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ew-to- (self, same).

G4029

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-ree-KAI-tai

Translations: lies around, surrounds, is clothed with, is encompassed by, is afflicted with, is burdened with, is laid around

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from περί (peri, 'around') and κεῖμαι (keimai, 'to lie'). It means to lie around, to surround, or to be placed around something. It can also imply being encompassed by or afflicted with something, such as a weakness or a burden. In the provided examples, it describes something being placed around a person's neck or a person being afflicted with weakness.

Inflection: Present, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΚΥΚΛΟΩ, ΠΕΡΙΒΑΛΛΩ, ΕΧΩ

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: DEE

Translations: through, by means of, on account of, because of, 14

Notes: This word is most commonly an elided form of the preposition ΔΙΑ (dia), meaning 'through', 'by means of', 'on account of', or 'because of'. It is used to indicate the means by which something is done or the reason for an action. It can also represent the Greek numeral 14, indicated by a keraia (a mark similar to an apostrophe) which is often omitted in transcription.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition or numeral)

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΥΠΟ, ΕΝΕΚΕΝ

Etymology: The preposition ΔΙΑ comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G2531

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: KAH-thohss

Translations: just as, even as, according as, as, exactly as, in proportion as, like, according to, inasmuch as

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'according to') and the adverb ὡς (hōs, meaning 'as' or 'how'). It functions as an adverb or conjunction, primarily used to introduce a comparison, indicating that something is done or happens in the same way as something else. It can also express correspondence or proportion, meaning 'inasmuch as' or 'to the extent that'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition κατά (kata, 'down, according to') and the adverb ὡς (hōs, 'as, how').

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G1438

Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-ah-TOO

Translations: (of) himself, (of) herself, (of) itself, (of) themselves

Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject of the sentence. It indicates that the action of the verb is directed back to the one performing it. For example, 'he washed himself'. It is a compound word formed from the personal pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos) and the reflexive pronoun 'ἑαυτοῦ' (heautou).

Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter. It can also be used for Feminine or Plural contexts, though the specific form 'ΕΑΥΤΟΥ' is genitive singular masculine/neuter.

Etymology: From the combination of the personal pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos, 'self') and the reflexive pronoun 'ἑαυτοῦ' (heautou, 'of self').

G266

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: hah-mar-tee-OHN

Translations: of sins, of a sin

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun "ΑΜΑΡΤΙΑ" (hamartia), which means "sin" or "missing the mark." It refers to actions, thoughts, or states that fall short of God's standard or will. As a genitive plural, it indicates possession, origin, or relation, often translated as "of sins" or "concerning sins." It is frequently used in contexts discussing forgiveness, repentance, or the consequences of wrongdoing.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΟΜΙΑ, ΑΔΙΚΙΑ, ΠΑΡΑΠΤΩΜΑ

Etymology: The word "ΑΜΑΡΤΙΑ" is a compound word derived from the prefix "α-" (a-), meaning "not" or "without," and "μερος" (meros), meaning "part" or "share," or from "μαρτάνω" (martano), meaning "to miss the mark." It originally referred to an archer missing the target and evolved to mean a moral or spiritual failure.

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OOKH

Translations: no, not, never, by no means

Notes: This word is a negative adverb used to express absolute negation. It is typically used before a vowel with a rough breathing mark (like 'ουχί' or 'οὐχ') or before a consonant with a smooth breathing mark (like 'οὐκ'). It denies a statement or fact, indicating that something is not true or does not exist. It can be used to negate verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΚ

Etymology: This word is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂u- meaning 'not'. It is an ancient Greek negative particle.

G1438

Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-ah-TOH

Translations: (to) himself, (for) himself, (to) herself, (for) herself, (to) itself, (for) itself, (to) themselves, (for) themselves

Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject of the clause. It indicates that the action of the verb is directed back to the subject itself. It can be used for singular or plural subjects, and its specific meaning (himself, herself, itself, themselves) depends on the gender and number of the subject it refers to. In this dative form, it often conveys the sense of 'to' or 'for' the subject.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G5101

Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, rather, on the contrary, nevertheless, however, indeed

Notes: This word is primarily a conjunction used to introduce a contrast or opposition to what has just been stated. It can often be translated as 'but' or 'yet'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'on the contrary' or 'indeed', emphasizing a preceding statement or introducing a strong affirmation.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΟΜΩΣ, ΠΛΗΝ

Etymology: From the neuter plural of the adjective ἄλλος (allos), meaning 'other'. It developed into a conjunction indicating distinction or opposition.

G2564

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: ka-LOO-meh-nos

Translations: called, being called, named, who is called, who is named

Notes: This word is a present passive participle of the verb 'καλέω' (kaleō), meaning 'to call' or 'to name'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone or something that is being called or named. It can be translated as 'the one who is called' or simply 'called' or 'named'. It often introduces a descriptive phrase about a person or thing.

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΑΓΟΡΕΥΟΜΕΝΟΣ

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G2316

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: theh-OO

Translations: of God, of a God

Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a sacred abbreviation for the word ΘΕΟΥ (Theou), meaning 'of God'. It is used to refer to the divine being, God, in the genitive case. In ancient Greek texts, nomina sacra were common contractions for frequently used sacred names and titles, indicating reverence and saving space. This form would typically be used in phrases like 'the house of God' or 'the power of God'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΥ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΟΥ

Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ (Theos) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to do, to place, to set', or possibly 'to shine'. It is a fundamental term in Greek for a deity or god.

G2531

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: kath-OHS-per

Translations: just as, even as, exactly as, precisely as

Notes: This word is a compound adverb meaning 'just as' or 'even as,' emphasizing a precise comparison or correspondence. It is used to introduce a clause that describes something happening in the same manner or to the same extent as something else. It functions as a strong comparative, indicating that one thing is exactly like another.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΩΣ

Etymology: ΚΑΘΩΣΠΕΡ is a compound word formed from ΚΑΘΩΣ (kathōs), meaning 'just as,' and the enclitic particle ΠΕΡ (per), which adds emphasis or intensity. The combination strengthens the comparative sense.

G2509

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: ka-THA-per

Translations: just as, even as, as, according as

Notes: This word is a compound adverb and conjunction meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a comparison, indicating that something is done in the same way or to the same extent as something else. It functions similarly to 'like' or 'as' in English, setting up a parallel between two actions or states.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΟ

Etymology: ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (kata), meaning 'down, according to', and the particle ΠΕΡ (per), which emphasizes the preceding word. It literally means 'down just as' or 'exactly according to'.

G0002

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: AH-a-rohn

Translations: Aaron

Notes: This is the name of Aaron, the elder brother of Moses and the first high priest of Israel. He is a significant figure in the Old Testament, known for his role in the Exodus and the establishment of the Levitical priesthood. As a proper noun, it refers specifically to this individual.

Inflection: Singular, Indeclinable

Etymology: The name Aaron is of Hebrew origin, from the Hebrew name Aharon (אַהֲרֹן). Its precise etymology is debated, but it is often associated with meanings like 'mountain of strength' or 'enlightened'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G5547

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: khree-STOS

Translations: Christ, the Anointed One, the Messiah

Notes: This is a nomina sacra, a scribal abbreviation for ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ (CHRISTOS). It refers to Christ, the Anointed One, or the Messiah. It is primarily used as a title for Jesus, indicating his role as the divinely appointed deliverer.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΜΕΣΣΙΑΣ

Etymology: From the Greek verb χρίω (chrio), meaning 'to anoint'. It refers to someone who has been consecrated or set apart by anointing, a practice common in ancient Israel for kings, priests, and prophets.

G1392

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-DOX-ah-sen

Translations: he glorified, he honored, he magnified, he praised, he esteemed, he thought, he decided

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist indicative active form of the verb 'δοξάζω' (doxazo). It means 'he/she/it glorified' or 'he/she/it honored.' In a broader sense, it can also mean to magnify, praise, or esteem someone or something. Depending on context, it can also mean 'he/she/it thought' or 'he/she/it decided,' especially in classical Greek, though less common in Koine.

Inflection: Third Person Singular, Aorist Tense, Indicative Mood, Active Voice

Synonyms: ΤΙΜΑΩ, ΜΕΓΑΛΥΝΩ, ΑΙΝΕΩ

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: geh-nay-THEE-nai

Translations: to become, to be, to come into being, to happen, to arise, to be made

Notes: This is the aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become' or 'to be'. It expresses the idea of something coming into existence, happening, or being made. As an infinitive, it often functions like a verbal noun, indicating the purpose or result of an action, or simply the action itself without a specific subject.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΦΥΟΜΑΙ

G0235

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: ALL

Translations: but, yet, rather, on the contrary, however, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a conjunction or adverb used to introduce a contrast, an exception, or an emphasis. It often translates to 'but' or 'yet' when contrasting two ideas, or 'rather' when correcting a previous statement. It can also be used to add emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is an indeclinable particle.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other'. It is related to Latin alius and English 'else'.

G2980

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: lah-LEE-sas

Translations: having spoken, who spoke, when he spoke, after speaking

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'λαλέω' (laleō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to talk'. As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed, often functioning like an adjective or adverb. It indicates that the subject performed the action of speaking prior to or concurrently with the main verb of the sentence.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΙΠΟΝ, ΛΕΓΩΝ, ΦΩΝΗΣΑΣ

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OW-toh

Translations: him, it, himself, itself, the same, this, that, of him, of it, to him, to it

Notes: ΑΥΤΟ is an inflected form of the third-person pronoun or demonstrative adjective ΑΥΤΟΣ. As a pronoun, it refers to 'him', 'her', or 'it', depending on gender and number. As an adjective, it can mean 'the same' or 'this/that very one'. It can also be used intensively to emphasize the subject, meaning 'himself' or 'itself'. Its meaning often depends on its position in the sentence relative to the noun it modifies.

Inflection: Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

G5207

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: HUI-os

Translations: son, a son

Notes: This word refers to a male offspring, a son. It is a masculine noun and is commonly used to denote a direct descendant or, in a broader sense, someone who shares a close relationship or characteristic with another, such as 'sons of God' or 'sons of disobedience'. It can also refer to a young man or a male child.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΚΝΟΝ, ΠΑΙΣ

Etymology: From an unused root, probably meaning 'to beget'. It is related to the concept of generation and lineage.

G1487, G1488

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Verb

Sounds like: AY

Translations: if, whether, that, if indeed, if then, you are, be

Notes: This word has two primary uses in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it functions as a conditional particle meaning 'if', introducing a condition or a question. It can also be the second person singular present indicative active form of the verb 'to be', meaning 'you are' or 'be'. The context of the sentence determines which meaning is intended.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a conjunction); Second Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active (as a verb)

Synonyms: ΕΑΝ, ΕΙΠΕΡ, ΕΣΤΙΝ

Etymology: The conjunction 'εἰ' comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'if' or 'whether'. The verb form 'εἰ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root for 'to be'.

G1080

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: geh-GEN-nee-kah

Translations: I have begotten, I have given birth to, I have produced

Notes: This word means 'I have begotten' or 'I have given birth to'. It is a perfect tense verb, indicating an action that was completed in the past but has ongoing results or a continuing state in the present. It is used to describe the act of bringing something into existence, whether literally (like a child) or figuratively (like an idea or a nation).

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Perfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΤΙΚΤΩ, ΦΥΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ

Etymology: The word γεννάω (gennaō) comes from the Greek root γένος (genos), meaning 'race, stock, kin'. It is related to the idea of lineage and procreation.

G1722

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EN

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.

G2087

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: EH-teh-roh

Translations: (to) another, (for) another, (to) a different one, (for) a different one, (to) other, (for) other, (to) a different, (for) a different

Notes: This word means 'another' or 'different', emphasizing a qualitative distinction from something else. It is used to refer to something of a different kind or nature, as opposed to 'ἄλλος' (ALLOS), which refers to another of the same kind. It can be used to describe a person, object, or concept that is distinct in character.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word ἝΤΕΡΟΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'one of two' or 'the other'.

G2409

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ee-eh-REH-oos

Translations: priest, a priest

Notes: This word refers to a priest, a person authorized to perform sacred rites of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and God or gods. In ancient contexts, priests were often responsible for sacrifices, rituals, and interpreting divine will. It is typically used to refer to a male religious official.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΙΕΡΕΥΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word ἱερός (hieros), meaning 'sacred' or 'holy'. The suffix -εύς (-eus) indicates a person associated with or performing a specific function.

G1519, G1520

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one

Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'

Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G3198

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: mel-khi-SEH-dek

Translations: Melchizedek

Notes: Melchizedek is a proper noun referring to a historical and priestly figure mentioned in the Old Testament (Genesis 14) and referenced in the New Testament (Hebrews 5-7). He is described as the king of Salem and a priest of God Most High, and is often seen as a type or foreshadowing of Jesus Christ.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The name Melchizedek is of Hebrew origin (מַלְכִּי־צֶדֶק, Malkī-ṣeḏeq), meaning 'my king is righteousness' or 'king of righteousness'. It is a compound of 'melek' (king) and 'tsedeq' (righteousness).

G3739

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction

Sounds like: HOS

Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when

Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G1162

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DEH-ee-seess

Translations: prayers, supplications, entreaties

Notes: This word refers to a specific type of prayer, often characterized by a sense of need or urgency, a humble request, or an earnest entreaty. It implies a petition made to a higher power, typically God, out of a deep sense of dependence or a desire for something specific. It is often used in conjunction with other words for prayer, emphasizing the aspect of humble pleading.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΥΧΑΙ, ΕΝΤΕΥΞΕΙΣ, ΑΙΤΗΜΑΤΑ

G1410

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: doo-NA-meh-non

Translations: being able, able, capable, powerful

Notes: This word is a present participle derived from the verb 'δύναμαι' (dynamai), meaning 'to be able' or 'to have power'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing someone or something that is currently able or capable of doing something. It can be used to describe a person or thing that possesses power or ability.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Present, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΡΟΝ, ΔΥΝΑΤΟΝ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΟΝ

Etymology: The word 'δύναμαι' (dynamai) comes from the Greek root 'δύνα-' (dyna-), which relates to power, strength, and ability. It is connected to words like 'δύναμις' (dynamis, power) and 'δυνατός' (dynatos, powerful).

G4982

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: SOH-zeh

Translations: save, deliver, preserve, heal, make whole

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to save' or 'to deliver'. It can refer to physical salvation from danger or death, spiritual salvation from sin, or even physical healing and making someone whole. It is often used in contexts of rescue or preservation.

Inflection: 3rd Person Singular, Present Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood

Synonyms: ΡΥΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΑΣΩΖΩ, ΘΕΡΑΠΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word ΣΩΖΩ comes from the ancient Greek word σάος (saos), meaning 'safe' or 'sound'. It is related to the concept of being whole or healthy.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TON

Translations: him, it, them, himself, itself, the same

Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'him' or 'it' (singular), or 'them' (plural). It can also be used as an intensive pronoun, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. Additionally, when used with an article, it can function as an adjective meaning 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the context and whether it's used alone or with an article.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular; or Accusative, Masculine, Plural

G1537

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EK

Translations: out of, from, of, by, among, with

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically governs the genitive case. It denotes origin, source, or separation, indicating movement 'out of' or 'from' a place, time, or cause. It can also signify the material from which something is made, the agent by whom something is done, or the reason for an action. For example, it can mean 'out of the house' or 'from that day'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs, meaning 'out'. It is cognate with Latin ex- and English out.

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G2896

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KRAV-gees

Translations: (of) a cry, (of) a shout, (of) an outcry, cry, a cry, shout, a shout, outcry, an outcry

Notes: This word refers to a loud vocal sound, often expressing strong emotion such as distress, joy, or command. It can denote a general cry, a shout, or an outcry. It is typically used to describe a sound that is heard and can be a call for help, a declaration, or a lament.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΦΩΝΗ, ΒΟΗ

Etymology: The word ΚΡΑΥΓΗ (kraugē) is derived from the verb κράζω (krazō), meaning 'to cry out' or 'to shout'. It refers to the act or sound of crying out.

G2478

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: is-khoo-RAS

Translations: strong, mighty, powerful, able, a strong one, a mighty one

Notes: This word describes something or someone as possessing great strength, power, or might. It can refer to physical strength, but also to moral, spiritual, or authoritative power. It is often used to describe God or powerful individuals. As an adjective, it modifies nouns, indicating their quality of being strong or mighty.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine; or Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΥΝΑΤΟΣ, ΚΡΑΤΑΙΟΣ

G4374

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: pros-en-ENG-kas

Translations: having brought to, having offered, having presented, having delivered

Notes: This word is an aorist active participle of the verb προσφέρω (prospherō), meaning 'to bring to', 'to offer', or 'to present'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, often functioning like an adjective or adverb in a sentence. It is a compound word formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to carry' or 'to bring'.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΑΓΩ, ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΠΑΡΕΧΩ

G1522

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eis-ah-koo-STHAYS

Translations: having been heard, having been listened to, having been granted a hearing

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'eisakouo', meaning 'to hear' or 'to listen to'. In this form, it indicates an action that has been completed in the past, specifically that someone or something has been heard or listened to, often implying that a prayer or request has been granted a hearing.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΑΚΟΥΣΘΕΙΣ, ΕΠΑΚΟΥΣΘΕΙΣ

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AH-po

Translations: from, away from, by, of, out of, because of, by means of

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or cause. It is always followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case. It can mean 'from' in the sense of moving away from a place, 'from' in the sense of origin or source, or 'by' when indicating the agent or cause of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab and English off.

G2539

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: KAI-per

Translations: although, though, even though, even if, notwithstanding

Notes: This word is a compound particle used to introduce a concessive clause, meaning 'although' or 'even though'. It indicates that something is true despite a contrary condition or circumstance. It often appears with a participle, expressing a concession.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΙ ΚΑΙ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: ΚΑΙΠΕΡ is a compound word formed from the conjunction ΚΑΙ (kai), meaning 'and' or 'even', and the particle ΠΕΡ (per), which is an intensive particle. Together, they form a strong concessive meaning.

G3129

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-MAH-then

Translations: he learned, she learned, it learned, he taught himself, she taught herself, it taught itself

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'μανθάνω' (manthano), meaning 'to learn' or 'to be taught'. It describes an action of learning that occurred in the past, completed at a specific point in time. It can refer to a person or thing acquiring knowledge or skill.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣΚΩ

Etymology: The root verb 'μανθάνω' (manthano) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to think' or 'to learn'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of mental acquisition or instruction.

G0575

Part of Speech: Prefix, Preposition

Sounds like: AF

Translations: from, away from, by, with, of, for, because of, after, since

Notes: This is a prefix or a preposition meaning 'from' or 'away from'. It indicates separation, origin, or cause. It is often used with the genitive case to show the source or origin of something, or the agent by whom something is done. It can also indicate a point in time 'from' which something occurs. When used as a prefix, it often intensifies the meaning of the verb or noun it is attached to, or indicates separation.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix or preposition).

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΑΠΟ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- (away, from).

G3958

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EP-ath-en

Translations: he suffered, she suffered, it suffered, he endured, she endured, it endured, he experienced, she experienced, it experienced

Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'πάσχω' (pascho). It means 'he/she/it suffered,' 'endured,' or 'experienced.' It describes an action that occurred in the past, completed at a specific point in time. It is often used to describe physical or emotional suffering, but can also refer to experiencing something, whether good or bad.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΛΓΕΩ, ΚΑΚΟΠΑΘΕΩ

G5048

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: teh-lay-oh-THEES

Translations: having been perfected, having been completed, having been finished, having been brought to an end, having been accomplished

Notes: This word is a passive participle, meaning 'having been perfected' or 'having been completed'. It describes someone or something that has undergone a process of completion, maturation, or fulfillment. It is often used to indicate the state of being made perfect or brought to a final, desired state, especially in a spiritual or moral sense.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Singular, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΡΟΩ, ΕΚΤΕΛΕΩ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΩ

G5219

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: hoo-pah-koo-OO-sin

Translations: they obey, they hearken, they submit

Notes: This word means to obey, to hearken to, or to submit to. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'in submission to', and the verb ΑΚΟΥΩ (akouo), meaning 'to hear' or 'to listen'. Thus, it literally means 'to hear under' or 'to listen in submission'. It is used to describe the act of complying with commands or authority.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΕΙΘΩ, ΕΝΤΕΛΛΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ is a compound of the preposition ΥΠΟ (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'in submission to', and the verb ΑΚΟΥΩ (akouo), meaning 'to hear' or 'to listen'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) them, (for) him, (for) her, (for) it, (for) them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, the same

Notes: This word is a personal pronoun that can also function as an adjective. In its pronominal use, it typically means 'him', 'her', 'it', or 'them', depending on the gender and number. When used intensively, it can mean 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. As an adjective, it means 'the same'. The form ΑΥΤΩ is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a demonstrative pronominal stem. It is a fundamental pronoun in Greek, used across various dialects and periods.

G0159

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ai-TI-os

Translations: responsible, cause, author, guilty, a cause, a reason

Notes: This adjective describes someone or something that is the cause or reason for an event or action. It can refer to being responsible for something good or bad, or being guilty of a crime. It is often used in a legal or moral context to assign blame or credit. For example, one might be 'the cause of' a war or 'responsible for' a victory.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΥΘΥΝΟΣ, ΕΝΟΧΟΣ

Etymology: From the noun ΑΙΤΙΑ (AITIA), meaning 'cause, reason, blame'.

G0166

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ahee-OH-nee-oo

Translations: of eternal, of everlasting, of age-long, of perpetual

Notes: This word describes something that is eternal, everlasting, or pertaining to an age or eon. It signifies a duration that is either without end or of a very long, indefinite period, often referring to a quality rather than just a quantity of time. It is used to describe things like eternal life, eternal glory, or eternal punishment.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΙΔΙΟΣ, ΑΤΕΛΕΥΤΗΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΙΩΝΙΟΣ (aionios) is derived from the noun ΑΙΩΝ (aion), meaning 'age' or 'eon'. It describes that which pertains to or is characteristic of an age or eternity.

Part of Speech: Article

Sounds like: TAYN

Translations: the

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΤΗΝ (TĒN), which is the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As an article, it always precedes the noun it modifies and agrees with it in gender, number, and case. In this form, it is used with feminine singular nouns in the accusative case.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from a demonstrative pronoun in Proto-Indo-European. It evolved to function as a definite article, specifying nouns.

G3756, G3757

Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

G4183

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PO-loos

Translations: much, many, great, a great deal, a great many

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'much' or 'many'. It is used to describe a large quantity or number of something. For example, it can refer to a large crowd of people or a significant amount of something. It can also be used to describe something as 'great' in terms of size or importance.

Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΙΚΑΝΟΣ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'much' or 'many'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages with similar meanings.

G3056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LOH-goss

Translations: word, a word, reason, a reason, account, an account, speech, a speech, message, a message, report, a report, thing, a thing, matter, a matter, saying, a saying, discourse, a discourse

Notes: The word 'logos' is a fundamental term in Koine Greek with a wide range of meanings. It can refer to a spoken or written word, a statement, a message, or a command. Beyond simple communication, it also encompasses concepts like reason, logic, an account, a narrative, or even a divine utterance or principle. Its specific meaning often depends on the context in which it is used.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΕΠΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say, speak'. It refers to something said or thought, and its meaning evolved to encompass both speech and the underlying reason or thought.

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ge-GOH-nah-teh

Translations: you have become, you have been, you have come into being, you have happened

Notes: This word is the perfect active indicative form of the verb 'ginomai', meaning 'to become', 'to be', 'to come into being', or 'to happen'. The perfect tense indicates a completed action with continuing results. It is used here to describe a state or condition that has been reached or an event that has occurred in the past and whose effects are still relevant.

Inflection: Perfect, Indicative, Active, 2nd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ

G0189

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-KO-ais

Translations: (to) ears, (to) hearings, (to) reports, (to) rumors, (to) fame

Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the noun 'ἀκοή' (akoē). It refers to the faculty of hearing, the act of hearing, or what is heard, such as a report, rumor, or news. In the dative case, it indicates the indirect object, often translated with 'to' or 'for', signifying 'to ears' or 'to hearings'. It can also refer to the content of what is heard, like a report or rumor that spreads.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΦΗΜΑΙΣ, ΛΟΓΟΙΣ, ΕΙΔΗΣΕΣΙΝ

G3784

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: oh-FEI-lon-tes

Translations: owing, being indebted, being obligated, those who owe, those who are indebted

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'ΟΦΕΙΛΩ' (opheilō), meaning 'to owe' or 'to be indebted'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone or something that is in the act of owing or being obligated. It can be translated as 'owing', 'being indebted', or 'those who owe/are indebted', depending on the context. It describes a continuous state of obligation or debt.

Inflection: Present Active Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΕΟΝΤΕΣ, ΧΡΕΩΣΤΕΣ

G1510

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EE-nah-ee

Translations: to be, to exist, to happen, to occur

Notes: This is the infinitive form of the verb 'to be' in Koine Greek. It signifies existence, occurrence, or a state of being. It is often used with other verbs to form periphrastic constructions or to express purpose or result. For example, it can mean 'to be' in the sense of 'he wants to be good' or 'it is about to happen'.

Inflection: Infinitive

Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΕΙΝ, ΓΙΝΕΣΘΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- 'to be'. It is cognate with English 'is' and Latin 'esse'.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G5532

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KHREE-ah

Translations: need, a need, necessity, usefulness, a usefulness, want, a want, lack, a lack, requirement, a requirement, service, a service

Notes: This word refers to a need, necessity, or lack of something. It can also denote usefulness or service. It is often used in contexts where something is required or beneficial.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΓΚΗ, ΕΝΔΕΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΧΡΙΑ (chreia) is derived from the verb χράομαι (chraomai), meaning 'to use' or 'to need'. It signifies that which is useful or necessary.

G5100

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE-nah

Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything

Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.

Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter

G4747

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: stoy-KHEE-ah

Translations: elements, rudiments, principles, basic teachings, elementary principles, elemental spirits

Notes: This word refers to the fundamental components or basic principles of something. In a physical sense, it can mean the 'elements' of the world (like earth, air, fire, water). In a more abstract sense, it refers to the 'rudiments' or 'basic teachings' of a subject, such as the ABCs of a language or the foundational principles of a philosophy or religion. It can also refer to 'elemental spirits' or cosmic forces, particularly in a philosophical or theological context, representing the basic, often pagan, spiritual forces believed to govern the world.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΑΙ, ΒΑΣΕΙΣ, ΘΕΜΕΛΙΑ

Etymology: From the Greek verb 'στοιχέω' (stoicheō), meaning 'to be in a row, to march in order, to conform to'. It originally referred to anything in a row or series, like letters of the alphabet, and then extended to mean the basic components or principles of something.

G0746

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ar-KHAYS

Translations: of beginning, of rule, of ruler, of authority, of origin, of first place, of chief, of a ruler, of a chief

Notes: This word refers to the beginning of something, the first in a series, or the origin. It can also denote a position of authority, rule, or a person holding such a position, like a ruler or chief. In the provided examples, it appears in the genitive case, indicating possession or relationship, such as 'of the beginning' or 'of the ruler'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΕΦΑΛΗΣ, ΗΓΕΜΟΝΟΣ, ΠΡΩΤΟΥ

G2192

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EKH-on-tes

Translations: having, holding, possessing, keeping, holding fast, being in a state of, being able to, being, having power

Notes: This word is the present active participle, masculine nominative/vocative plural, or feminine nominative/vocative/accusative plural of the verb 'echo'. It describes someone or something that is in the process of having, holding, or possessing something. It can also indicate a state of being or an ability.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative/Vocative Masculine Plural, or Nominative/Vocative/Accusative Feminine Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΚΡΑΤΟΥΝΤΕΣ

G3348

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: meh-TEH-khoh

Translations: to partake, to share, to have a share in, to participate in

Notes: This verb means to partake, share, or participate in something. It implies having a portion or a part of something, often used with a genitive case to indicate what is being shared. For example, one might 'partake of food' or 'share in a blessing'.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, First Person Singular

Synonyms: ΚΟΙΝΩΝΕΩ, ΜΕΡΙΖΩ, ΜΕΤΕΧΩ

Etymology: From the preposition μετά (meta), meaning 'with' or 'among', and the verb ἔχω (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. Thus, it literally means 'to have with' or 'to hold among', conveying the idea of sharing or participating.

G0550

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-PEY-ros

Translations: without experience, inexperienced, unskillful, ignorant, a person without experience

Notes: This word describes someone who lacks experience or skill in a particular area, often implying a state of being unacquainted with something. It is a compound word formed from the negative prefix 'α-' (alpha privative, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'πειρα' (peira), meaning 'experience' or 'trial'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΓΝΩΣΤΟΣ, ΑΜΑΘΗΣ

Etymology: Derived from the negative prefix 'α-' (alpha privative) and 'πειρα' (peira), meaning 'experience' or 'trial'. Thus, it literally means 'without experience'.

G3056

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: LOH-goo

Translations: of word, of account, of reason, of speech, of message, of saying, of statement, of report, of matter, of thing

Notes: This word refers to a word, speech, discourse, or a divine utterance. It can also mean an account, reason, or a matter/thing. In its genitive form, as seen here, it indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of'. It is frequently used in contexts relating to communication, divine revelation, or logical reasoning.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΜΥΘΟΣ, ΕΠΟΣ

G1343

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-kah-yoh-SOO-nays

Translations: of righteousness, of justice, of a righteousness, of a justice

Notes: This word refers to the quality of being morally right, just, or righteous. It encompasses both the state of being right with God and the act of doing what is right. It is often used in a theological context to describe divine justice or human uprightness.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΛΗΘΕΙΑ, ΕΥΘΥΤΗΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word δίκαιος (dikaios), meaning 'just' or 'righteous', combined with the suffix -σύνη (-synē), which forms abstract nouns, indicating a state or quality.

G3516

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: NAY-pee-os

Translations: infant, a infant, child, a child, babe, a babe, immature, foolish, simple-minded, inexperienced

Notes: This word refers to someone who is an infant or a young child, implying a lack of maturity, understanding, or experience. It can be used literally to describe a baby, or metaphorically to describe someone who is spiritually or intellectually immature, simple-minded, or foolish. It often carries the connotation of being unable to speak or reason fully.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΒΡΕΦΟΣ, ΠΑΙΔΙΟΝ, ΑΦΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΝΗΠΙΟΣ (nēpios) is believed to be derived from the negative prefix νη- (nē-, 'not') and ἔπος (epos, 'word'), literally meaning 'not speaking' or 'speechless', referring to the inability of an infant to speak. Over time, it came to signify a child or someone immature.

G5046

Part of Speech: Adjective, Participle

Sounds like: teh-LAY-ohn

Translations: of perfect ones, of mature ones, of complete ones, of those who are perfect, of those who are mature, of those who are complete

Notes: This word can function as the genitive plural of the adjective 'τέλειος', meaning 'perfect', 'complete', or 'mature'. In this adjectival sense, it describes something that has reached its intended end or full development. It can also be the present active participle (genitive plural) of the verb 'τελειόω', meaning 'to complete' or 'to perfect', referring to 'those who are completing' or 'those who are perfecting'. Its meaning depends on the context, indicating either a state of perfection/maturity or the act of bringing something to completion.

Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΚΛΗΡΩΝ, ΠΛΗΡΩΝ

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G4731

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: steh-reh-AH

Translations: solid, firm, hard, strong, a solid (thing), a firm (thing)

Notes: This word describes something that is firm, solid, or hard. It can refer to physical objects like rocks, ground, or foundations, indicating their unyielding nature. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is steadfast, unshakeable, or reliable.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΣΚΛΗΡΟΣ, ΙΣΧΥΡΟΣ, ΒΕΒΑΙΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΕΡΕΟΣ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be stiff, firm'. It is related to words signifying rigidity and stability.

G0145

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ahee-sthay-TAY-ree-ah

Translations: senses, organs of perception, faculties of perception

Notes: This word refers to the organs or faculties of perception, such as the senses (sight, hearing, touch, taste, smell). It describes the means by which one perceives or discerns things, often implying a developed capacity for understanding or judgment. It is used in contexts relating to spiritual or moral discernment, not just physical senses.

Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΝΟΗΜΑΤΑ, ΓΝΩΣΕΙΣ, ΣΥΝΕΣΕΙΣ

G1128

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: geh-GYM-nahs-meh-nah

Translations: exercised, trained, disciplined, practiced

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, neuter plural, derived from the verb 'gymnazo'. It describes something that has been thoroughly exercised, trained, or disciplined, often implying a state of readiness or proficiency achieved through practice. It can refer to things that are trained or faculties that are exercised.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative

Synonyms: ΑΣΚΕΩ, ΠΑΙΔΕΥΩ

G2192

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ekh-ON-tohn

Translations: of having, of holding, of possessing, of being, of those having, of those holding, of those possessing

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'echō', meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or a noun, describing someone or something that is in the act of having or holding. In this specific form, it refers to 'those who are having' or 'those who are holding' something, often implying possession or a state of being. It is used in a genitive construction, indicating possession or relationship.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΕΚΤΗΜΕΝΩΝ, ΚΑΤΕΧΟΝΤΩΝ

Etymology: The word 'echō' comes from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ-, meaning 'to hold, to have'. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, indicating possession, state, or capability.

G2556