Book Two Chapter 27, Interlinear version from Josephus' Against Apion (Beta)

Book Two, Chapter 27

Interlinear version from Josephus' Against Apion (Beta)

27:205

27:205

ΤΗΣ
- TĒS
- of-the
ΕἸΣ
- EIS
- to
ΤΟΥΣ
- TOUS
- the
ΤΕΤΕΛΕΥΤΗΚΟΤΑΣ
- TETELEUTĒKOTAS
- dead
ΠΡΟΥΝΟΗΣΕΝ
- PROUNOĒSEN
- he-provided-for
ΟΣΙΑΣ
- OSIAS
- holy-one
ΟΥ̓
- OU
- not
ΠΟΛΥΤΕΛΕΙΑΙΣ
- POLYTELEIAIS
- with-luxuries
ἘΝΤΑΦΙΩΝ
- ENTAPHIŌN
- of-burial-clothes
ΟΥ̓
- OU
- not
ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΑΙΣ
- KATASKEUAIS
- with-constructions
ΜΝΗΜΕΙΩΝ
- MNĒMEIŌN
- of-monuments
ἘΠΙΦΑΝΩΝ
- EPIPHANŌN
- prominent
ἈΛΛΑ
- ALLA
- but
ΤΑ
- TA
- the
ΜΕΝ
- MEN
- indeed
ΠΕΡΙ
- PERI
- concerning
ΤΗΝ
- TĒN
- the
ΚΗΔΕΙΑΝ
- KĒDEIAN
- burial
ΤΟΙΣ
- TOIS
- to-the
ΟἸΚΕΙΟΤΑΤΟΙΣ
- OIKEIOTATOIS
- most-intimate
ἘΠΙΤΕΛΕΙΝ
- EPITELEIN
- to-perform
ΠΑΣΙ
- PASI
- to-all
ΔΕ
- DE
- and
ΤΟΙΣ
- TOIS
- to-the
ΠΑΡΙΟΥΣΙ
- PARIOUSI
- passing-by
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΠΡΟΣΕΛΘΕΙΝ
- PROSELTHEIN
- to-approach
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΣΥΝΑΠΟΔΥΡΑΣΘΑΙ
- SYNAPODYRASTHAI
- to-mourn-together
ΚΑΘΑΙΡΕΙΝ
- KATHAIREIN
- to-purify
ΔΕ
- DE
- and
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- also
ΤΟΝ
- TON
- the
ΟἸΚΟΝ
- OIKON
- house
ΚΑΙ
- KAI
- and
ΤΟΥΣ
- TOUS
- the
ἘΝΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΑΣ
- ENOIKOUNTAS
- inhabitants
ἈΠΟ
- APO
- from
ΚΗΔΟΥΣ
- KĒDOUS
- mourning
ΙΝΑ
- INA
- so-that
ΠΛΕΙΣΤΟΝ
- PLEISTON
- very-much
ἈΠΕΧΗ
- APECHĒ
- he-may-be-far-from
ΤΟΥ
- TOU
- of-the
ΔΟΚΕΙΝ
- DOKEIN
- seeming
ΚΑΘΑΡΟΣ
- KATHAROS
- pure
ΕἸΝΑΙ
- EINAI
- to-be
ΤΙΣ
- TIS
- anyone
ΦΟΝΟΝ
- PHONON
- murder
ἘΡΓΑΣΑΜΕΝΟΣ
- ERGASAMENOS
- having-committed

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G1519

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G5053

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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: teh-teh-le-oo-TEE-koh-tas

Translations: the dead, those who have died, those who have finished, the deceased

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, masculine accusative plural, derived from the verb 'teleutaō', meaning 'to finish' or 'to die'. It refers to those who have completed their life, hence 'the dead' or 'the deceased'. It is often used substantively, functioning as a noun to refer to a group of people.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΝΕΚΡΟΥΣ, ΑΠΟΘΑΝΟΝΤΑΣ

G4306

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: proo-no-EE-sen

Translations: he provided, he took thought beforehand, he foresaw, he planned, he took care of

Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist active indicative form of the verb προνοέω (pronoéō). It means 'he/she/it provided,' 'he/she/it took thought beforehand,' 'he/she/it foresaw,' 'he/she/it planned,' or 'he/she/it took care of.' It describes an action completed in the past, emphasizing the foresight or prior planning involved in providing for or taking care of something or someone.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΒΛΕΠΩ, ΠΡΟΟΡΑΩ, ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word προνοέω (pronoéō) is a compound word formed from the preposition πρό (pró), meaning 'before' or 'in front of,' and the verb νοέω (noéō), meaning 'to perceive,' 'to think,' or 'to understand.' Thus, it literally means 'to think beforehand' or 'to perceive in advance,' leading to the sense of providing or planning.

G1779

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: en-TAH-fee-ohn

Translations: of burial, of funeral, of grave clothes, of grave spices

Notes: This word refers to things associated with burial, such as grave clothes, spices used for embalming, or other funeral preparations. It is typically used in the genitive case to describe something belonging to or related to a burial.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter

Synonyms: ΤΑΦΗΣ, ΚΗΔΕΙΑΣ

Etymology: The word ἘΝΤΑΦΙΟΝ (entaphion) comes from the preposition ἘΝ (en), meaning 'in', and the verb ΘΑΠΤΩ (thaptō), meaning 'to bury'. Thus, it literally refers to something 'in burial' or 'for burial'.

G2682

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kah-tah-skye-VAH-ees

Translations: preparations, equipment, arrangements, constructions, structures, of preparations, of equipment, of arrangements, of constructions, of structures

Notes: This word refers to the act of preparing or equipping something, or the resulting product of such an act, such as a structure or piece of equipment. It is often used in the plural to denote various preparations or arrangements. It can also refer to the construction or building of something.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΙΜΑΣΙΑ, ΟΙΚΟΔΟΜΗ, ΠΑΡΑΣΚΕΥΗ

G2016

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: eh-pee-fah-NOHN

Translations: of eminent, of notable, of distinguished, of famous, of illustrious, of prominent, of the eminent ones, of the notable ones, of the distinguished ones

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'eminent,' 'notable,' 'distinguished,' 'famous,' 'illustrious,' or 'prominent.' It is used here in the genitive plural, often referring to 'of eminent people' or 'of the prominent ones.' It describes individuals who stand out due to their status, reputation, or achievements.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΕΝΔΟΞΩΝ, ΠΕΡΙΒΛΕΠΤΩΝ, ΛΑΜΠΡΩΝ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙΦΑΝΗΣ (epiphanēs) comes from the prefix ἐπι- (epi-), meaning 'upon' or 'over,' and the verb φαίνω (phainō), meaning 'to appear' or 'to shine.' Thus, it literally means 'appearing upon' or 'shining upon,' leading to the sense of being conspicuous, manifest, or distinguished.

G0235

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Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: AL-lah

Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed

Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G3303

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G4012

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G2743

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kay-DEH-ee-an

Translations: care, anxiety, funeral, burial, a funeral, a burial

Notes: This word refers to care, concern, or anxiety, often with a sense of responsibility or solicitude. It can also specifically denote a funeral or burial, reflecting the care given to the deceased. In a sentence, it might describe someone's deep concern for a matter or the arrangements for a funeral.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΕΡΙΜΝΑ, ΤΑΦΗ, ΕΝΤΑΦΙΑΣΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΚΗΔΕΙΑ (kēdeia) comes from the verb κήδω (kēdō), meaning 'to care for, to trouble oneself about'. It is related to the idea of concern and responsibility.

G3625

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: oy-kay-oh-TAH-toys

Translations: most intimate, most familiar, most closely related, most domestic, most appropriate

Notes: This word is the superlative form of 'oikeios', meaning 'belonging to a house or family, domestic, intimate, proper'. As a superlative, it indicates the highest degree of these qualities, referring to those who are most closely related, most intimate, or most appropriate in a given context. It is often used to describe family members or very close friends.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter, Superlative

Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΕΝΕΣΤΑΤΟΙΣ, ΠΡΟΣΦΙΛΕΣΤΑΤΟΙΣ

G2005

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-pee-teh-LEIN

Translations: to complete, to finish, to perform, to accomplish, to carry out, to execute, to bring to an end

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb ἘΠΙΤΕΛΕΩ. It means to bring something to completion, to finish a task, or to perform an action. It implies carrying out a duty or fulfilling a purpose, often with the sense of bringing it to a successful conclusion. It can be used in contexts where one is commanded or expected to perform certain actions or duties.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙΤΕΛΕΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'in addition to', and the verb ΤΕΛΕΩ (teleo), meaning 'to finish' or 'to complete'. Thus, it literally means 'to finish upon' or 'to bring to completion'.

G1161

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G3918

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: par-ee-OO-see

Translations: being present, those being present, to those being present, for those being present

Notes: This word is a participle, indicating an action or state of 'being present' or 'being near'. It describes people or things that are currently in a particular place or situation. It is used in the dative case, meaning it often functions as an indirect object, indicating 'to' or 'for' those who are present.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΝΟΝΤΕΣ, ΠΑΡΟΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΠΑΡΑ (para), meaning 'beside' or 'near', and the verb ΕΙΜΙ (eimi), meaning 'to be'.

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G4334

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-el-THAYN

Translations: to come to, to approach, to go to, to draw near, to appear before

Notes: ΠΡΟΣΕΛΘΕΙΝ is the aorist infinitive form of the verb προσέρχομαι (proserchomai), which is a compound word formed from the preposition πρός (pros, meaning 'to' or 'towards') and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai, meaning 'to come' or 'to go'). It signifies the action of moving towards or approaching someone or something, often with the intention of interacting, presenting oneself, or engaging. It can be used in various contexts, such as approaching a person, a place, or even a concept like God or a king.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΙΖΩ, ΠΛΗΣΙΑΖΩ, ΠΑΡΙΣΤΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word προσέρχομαι is a compound of the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to, towards, with', and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come, to go'. Its etymology reflects the directional movement implied by its meaning.

G2507

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ka-thai-REIN

Translations: to pull down, to tear down, to destroy, to overthrow, to depose, to purify, to cleanse

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against') and the verb αἱρέω (haireō, meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'). It generally means to bring something down, whether literally like a building, or figuratively like a ruler from power. It can also refer to the act of purifying or cleansing, especially in a ritual or moral sense, by removing impurities.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ, ΑΝΑΙΡΕΩ, ΕΚΚΑΘΑΙΡΩ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb αἱρέω (haireō), meaning 'to take' or 'to seize'.

G2443

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: EE-nah

Translations: in order that, that, so that, to

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.

G0568

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-PEH-khee

Translations: is distant, is far, has received in full, is sufficient, abstains, holds off

Notes: This word is a verb that can have several meanings depending on context. It often means 'to be distant' or 'to be far away from something'. It can also mean 'to have received in full' or 'to have received full payment', particularly in financial contexts. Additionally, it can mean 'to abstain from' or 'to hold oneself off from' something. In the provided examples, it appears to be used in the sense of 'being distant'.

Inflection: Present, Subjunctive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ἈΦΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ, ἈΠΕΧΟΜΑΙ

G3588, G3778

Open in Concordance

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

G1380

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: doh-KEIN

Translations: to seem, to appear, to think, to suppose, to be thought, to be esteemed

Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'δοκέω'. It is commonly used to express the idea of something appearing to be true, or someone thinking or supposing something. It can be used impersonally (it seems) or with a subject and infinitive construction (someone seems to do something). It often conveys a sense of subjective perception or opinion rather than objective fact.

Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active

Synonyms: ΦΑΙΝΩ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word 'δοκέω' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *dek-, meaning 'to take, accept, receive, be fitting'. It is related to words signifying 'opinion' or 'appearance'.

G2513

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ka-tha-ROS

Translations: clean, pure, clear, innocent, undefiled, guiltless

Notes: This word describes something or someone that is clean, pure, or free from defilement, whether physical, moral, or ritual. It can refer to a person who is innocent or guiltless, or to an object that is unmixed or unadulterated. It is used to describe a state of being free from impurity.

Inflection: Nominative, Singular, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΓΝΟΣ, ΑΜΙΑΝΤΟΣ, ΑΜΩΜΟΣ

Etymology: From an unused root, meaning to purify. It refers to a state of being free from defilement.

G5101

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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective

Sounds like: TEES

Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing

Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.

Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.

Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.

G2038

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: er-ga-SAH-meh-nos

Translations: having worked, having done, having performed, having labored, having accomplished, having traded

Notes: This word is an aorist middle participle derived from the verb 'ergazomai', meaning 'to work' or 'to do'. As a participle, it describes an action completed in the past by the subject, often functioning adjectivally or adverbially. It implies that the subject performed the action for themselves or was actively involved in the process.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΠΡΑΤΤΩ, ΔΡΑΩ

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