Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Josephus' Against Apion / Book Two / Chapter 28Book Two, Chapter 28
Interlinear version from Josephus' Against Apion (Beta)
G1118
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: go-NEH-ohn
Translations: of parents, of a parent
Notes: This word refers to parents or a parent. It is used in the genitive case, indicating possession or origin, similar to saying 'belonging to parents' or 'from parents'. It is a common term found in various contexts, including family relationships and lineage.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΑΤΕΡΩΝ, ΜΗΤΕΡΩΝ
G5092
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: tee-MEN
Translations: honor, a price, value, respect, dignity, a sum, a reward
Notes: This word refers to honor, respect, or dignity. It can also denote a price, value, or a sum of money paid for something. It is used to describe the esteem in which someone or something is held, or the monetary worth of an item.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΟΞΑ, ΑΞΙΑ, ΜΙΣΘΟΣ
G3326
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: MEH-tah
Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides
Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: theh-ON
Translations: God, a God
Notes: This word refers to God, a god, or a deity. It is used as the direct object in a sentence, indicating the recipient of an action or the one being referred to. For example, one might 'worship God' (where 'God' would be in the accusative case).
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ
G1208
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: DEH-oo-teh-ran
Translations: second, a second, another, next
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'second' or 'next'. It is used to indicate the ordinal position of something in a sequence, such as 'the second day' or 'the second time'. It can also refer to 'another' or 'a different' one when distinguishing from a first item.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G5021
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-TAH-xen
Translations: he arranged, he ordered, he appointed, he assigned
Notes: This word means to arrange, order, appoint, or assign. It is used to describe someone setting things in order, giving commands, or designating a person or thing for a specific purpose or place. It is often used in contexts of military organization, divine decree, or personal decision.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΤΑΣΣΩ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΣΣΩ, ΟΡΙΖΩ
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.
G0282
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ah-MEI-boh-meh-non
Translations: exchanging, repaying, returning, answering, a returning, a repaying
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ameibō', meaning to exchange, repay, or return. It describes an action of giving something in return for something else, whether it's a favor, a gift, or an answer. It can be used to describe someone who is repaying a kindness or responding to a question.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Present, Middle/Passive Voice
Synonyms: ΑΝΤΑΠΟΔΙΔΟΜΕΝΟΝ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΟΜΕΝΟΝ
Etymology: The word ἀμείβω comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to change, exchange'. It is related to words signifying change or alternation.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAS
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑΣ is the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a particular noun, similar to 'the' in English. This specific form is used when the noun it modifies is feminine, plural, and in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Feminine, Plural, Accusative
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: pa-RAH
Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a
Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, of themselves
Notes: This word is a pronoun indicating possession or relation, specifically for a group of people or things. It is used to mean 'of them' or 'their', often referring back to a previously mentioned plural noun or pronoun.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
G5485
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: KHA-ree-tas
Translations: graces, favors, thanks, kindnesses
Notes: This word refers to divine favor, unmerited kindness, or a gift freely given. It can also denote gratitude or thanks. In a sentence, it often describes the benevolent actions of God or the appreciation shown by humans.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΑ, ΔΩΡΕΑ, ΕΛΕΟΣ
G0243
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Part of Speech: Prefix
Sounds like: ALL
Translations: other, another, different, foreign
Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G3754, G3767
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Part of Speech: Indefinite Pronoun, Adverb
Sounds like: ho-tee-OON
Translations: whatever, whatsoever, anything, anything whatever, anything at all, at all
Notes: ΟΤΙΟΥΝ is a compound word meaning 'whatever' or 'anything at all'. It functions as an indefinite pronoun or an adverb, emphasizing the comprehensive or unrestricted nature of something. It can be used to express 'anything whatsoever' or 'no matter what'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΤΙΔΗΠΟΤΕ, ΟΣΤΙΣ
Etymology: ΟΤΙΟΥΝ is a compound word formed from ὅτι (hoti), meaning 'that' or 'because', and οὖν (oun), an inferential particle meaning 'therefore' or 'then'. Together, they form an indefinite sense.
G1633
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: el-LEI-pon-tah
Translations: lacking, failing, deficient, missing, what is lacking, things lacking
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'to lack' or 'to fail'. It describes something that is incomplete, insufficient, or absent. It can be used to describe a person who is deficient in some quality or a thing that is missing a necessary component. In the provided context, it appears to be used in the accusative plural, likely referring to 'things that are lacking' or 'what is deficient'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Accusative, Plural, Neuter (or Nominative/Accusative, Plural, Masculine)
Synonyms: ὙΣΤΕΡΟΥΝΤΑ, ἈΠΟΛΕΙΠΟΝΤΑ
G3083
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: lefs-thee-SOH-meh-non
Translations: about to be stoned, that which is about to be stoned, a thing about to be stoned
Notes: This is a future passive participle, indicating an action that will be done to the subject. It describes something or someone that is 'about to be stoned' or 'destined to be stoned'. It is used to refer to a person or thing that will undergo the act of stoning.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Future, Passive, Participle
Etymology: From Ancient Greek λεύω (leúō, “to stone”), from λᾶας (lâas, “stone”).
G3860
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: pa-ra-DI-doh-see
Translations: he hands over, he delivers, he commits, he entrusts, he betrays, he gives up
Notes: This word describes the action of handing something over, delivering it, or entrusting it to someone else. It can also carry the negative connotation of betraying someone or giving them up to an enemy or authority. It is used to describe a singular subject performing the action.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΕΚΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition παρά (para), meaning 'beside, alongside, from,' and the verb δίδωμι (didōmi), meaning 'to give.' Thus, it literally means 'to give alongside' or 'to hand over.'
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tos
Translations: (of) all, (of) every, (of) whole, (of) each
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the adjective 'ΠΑΣ' (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. As a genitive form, it indicates possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'. It can refer to a part of a whole, or to the entirety of something. For example, 'of all things' or 'of every person'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G4245
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pres-by-TEH-roo
Translations: of an elder, of an old man, of a presbyter, of a priest
Notes: This word refers to an older person, an elder, or a presbyter (an office in the early Christian church). It can also refer to a priest. In this form, it indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of an elder' or 'belonging to an elder'. It is often used to describe the age or authority of a person.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΓΕΡΩΝ, ΠΡΕΣΒΥΣ
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EKH-ayn
Translations: to have, to hold, to possess, to be able, to keep, to get
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It is used to express possession, a state of being, or ability. As an infinitive, it often functions like a noun, serving as the subject or object of another verb, or it can complete the meaning of another verb.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G3501
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: NEH-oos
Translations: young, new, young ones, new ones
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'young' or 'new'. It describes something or someone as being in an early stage of existence or development. It can be used to refer to people, like 'young men' or 'young people', or to things, like 'new wine' or 'new clothes'.
Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΙΝΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΦΑΤΟΣ
G5346
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: PHAY-sin
Translations: he says, she says, it says, he said, she said, it said
Notes: This word is a common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to report what someone else has said or to introduce a direct quote. It can be translated as 'he says', 'she says', or 'it says', and often implies 'he/she/it said' in narrative contexts.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΕΡΩ
Etymology: The word ΦΗΜΙ (phēmi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to speak' or 'to show'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that convey the idea of speaking or declaring.
G1893
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEI
Translations: since, because, for, when, after, inasmuch as
Notes: This word functions as a conjunction or adverb, introducing a clause that provides a reason, cause, or time. As a conjunction, it can mean 'since' or 'because' when indicating a cause, or 'when' or 'after' when indicating time. As an adverb, it can mean 'for' or 'inasmuch as'. It often introduces a dependent clause that explains the main clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΚΑΘΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙΔΗ
Etymology: From the preposition ἐπί (epi, 'upon, on') and the particle εἰ (ei, 'if'). It originally meant 'upon the condition that' or 'when'.
G4245
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pres-BY-tah-ton
Translations: oldest, eldest, most senior, the oldest, the eldest, the most senior
Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'πρέσβυς' (presbys), meaning 'old' or 'elder'. As a superlative, it means 'oldest', 'eldest', or 'most senior'. It is used to describe the oldest or most senior person or thing among a group. For example, it could refer to the oldest son or the most senior member of a council.
Inflection: Superlative, Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΑΙΟΤΑΤΟΝ, ΓΕΡΟΝΤΟΤΑΤΟΝ
Etymology: The word 'πρέσβυς' (presbys) comes from an uncertain origin, possibly related to 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before', suggesting one who is 'before' others in age or rank.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THEH-os
Translations: God, a God, Lord
Notes: ΘΕΟΣ (theos) is a singular noun meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, it is frequently used to refer to the singular, supreme God, often with the definite article. It can also refer to a generic deity or even a human figure considered divine. It functions as a subject or object in sentences, depending on its case.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΠΑΤΗΡ
Etymology: The word ΘΕΟΣ is believed to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root, though its precise origin is debated. It has cognates in various Indo-European languages.
G2928
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kroop-TEIN
Translations: to hide, to conceal, to keep secret
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'κρύπτω' (krypto), meaning 'to hide' or 'to conceal'. It is used to express the action of hiding something or someone, or keeping information secret. For example, it can be used in phrases like 'to hide a sin' or 'to keep a mystery secret'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΚΡΥΠΤΩ, ΚΑΛΥΠΤΩ, ΛΑΝΘΑΝΩ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *krewp- ('to cover, to hide'). It is related to words meaning 'to cover' or 'to conceal' in other Indo-European languages.
G3762
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: oo-DEN
Translations: nothing, none, not any, no one
Notes: This word is a negative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one' when used as a pronoun, and 'not any' or 'no' when used as an adjective. It is a compound word formed from the negative particle οὐ (ou, 'not') and the indefinite pronoun εἷς (heis, 'one'). It is used to express absolute negation.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΗΔΕΝ, ΟΥ̓ΔΕΝΟΣ
G1437
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: eh-AH
Translations: if, whether, though, even if
Notes: This word is a conditional conjunction, typically used to introduce a conditional clause. It expresses a condition or supposition, meaning 'if' or 'provided that'. It can also be used to introduce an indirect question, meaning 'whether'. In some contexts, it can convey the sense of 'even if' or 'though'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΙ, ΕΑΝ
Etymology: From the Greek particle εἰ (ei, 'if') and the particle ἄν (an, 'if, perhaps'). It is a contraction of the two, forming a conditional conjunction.
G5384
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
Sounds like: fee-LOOS
Translations: friends, beloved ones, dear ones, beloved, dear
Notes: This word can function as a noun meaning 'friend' or 'beloved one', or as an adjective meaning 'dear' or 'beloved'. It is used to refer to individuals or groups who are cherished, loved, or closely associated with someone. In the provided examples, it consistently refers to 'friends' or 'beloved ones' in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of an action.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΤΑΙΡΟΣ, ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-nah-ee
Translations: to be, to exist, to happen, to become
Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'to be'. It expresses existence, identity, or a state of being. It can also be used to indicate purpose or result, especially when preceded by the genitive article 'τοῦ' (tou), in which case it can be translated as 'in order to be' or 'for the purpose of being'.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active. Does not inflect for person, number, gender, or case.
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ
G5373
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: fee-LEE-ah
Translations: friendship, a friendship, affection, love
Notes: This word refers to the state of being friends or having a strong bond of affection. It can denote friendship, affection, or love, often implying a mutual relationship. It is used to describe the bond between people who share common interests or feelings, or a general sense of goodwill.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΓΑΠΗ, ΕΥΝΟΙΑ
G3361
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Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb
Sounds like: MAY
Translations: not, lest, no, do not
Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-ta
Translations: all, every, everything, all things
Notes: This word means 'all' or 'every'. In its plural neuter form, as seen here, it often translates to 'all things' or 'everything'. It is used to indicate totality or universality, referring to a complete set or collection of items or concepts.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G4100
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: pis-TEH-oo-san
Translations: believing, trusting, having faith, a believing one, a trusting one
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to believe' or 'to trust'. It describes someone who is in the act of believing or trusting. It is used to indicate an ongoing state or action of faith or reliance, often taking an object that is believed or trusted in. For example, it could describe 'a woman who is believing' or 'the one who trusts'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Present Active Participle
Synonyms: ΠΕΠΟΙΘΟΤΑ, ΕΛΠΙΖΟΝΤΑ
G2532, G0302
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: KAN
Translations: even if, although, and if, even though, if, though
Notes: ΚἈΝ is a compound word, formed by the contraction of the conjunction ΚΑΙ (and, also, even) and the particle ἈΝ (a conditional or potential particle). It is used to introduce a conditional clause, often with a concessive sense, meaning 'even if' or 'although'. It can also simply mean 'and if' or 'if' in certain contexts, indicating a hypothetical situation.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕἸ ΚΑΙ, ΚΑΙΠΕΡ
G4819
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soom-BEE
Translations: may happen, may occur, may come to pass, may befall, may result
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'συμβαίνω' (symbainō), meaning 'to happen' or 'to occur'. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'βαίνω' (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. In its present form, 'συμβῇ' is used to express a potential or desired event, often translated with 'may' or 'might'. It describes something that comes to pass or takes place.
Inflection: Aorist, Subjunctive, Active, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΑΝΤΑΩ
G5101
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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective
Sounds like: TEES
Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing
Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.
Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.
G2189
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: EKH-thra
Translations: enmity, hatred, hostility, a hatred
Notes: This word refers to a state of deep-seated hostility or animosity. It describes a feeling of strong opposition or ill will towards someone or something. It can be used to describe personal hatred or a more general state of conflict between groups or principles.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΜΙΣΟΣ, ἈΝΤΙΘΕΣΙΣ
Etymology: From ἔχθρος (echthros, "hated, hostile"), which is related to ἔχθος (echthos, "hatred").
G0666
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Part of Speech: Adjective (used as Noun)
Sounds like: tah-POR-ray-tah
Translations: secret things, forbidden things, mysteries
Notes: This word is a contraction (crasis) of the definite article 'τά' (the) and the adjective 'ἀπόρρητα' (secret, forbidden). It refers to things that are secret, not to be spoken, or forbidden. It is used in the neuter plural, functioning as a noun to mean 'secret matters' or 'forbidden things'.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΜΥΣΤΗΡΙΑ, ΚΡΥΦΙΑ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb, Noun
Sounds like: LEH-gayn
Translations: to say, to speak, to tell
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often translated as 'to say' or 'the act of saying'. It can be used in various constructions where an action is expressed as a concept or purpose.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΕΙΠΕΙΝ, ΦΗΜΙ
G2967
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: keh-KO-loo-keh
Translations: has hindered, has prevented, has forbidden, has restrained
Notes: This word means to hinder, prevent, or forbid. It is used to describe an action that has been completed in the past and has ongoing results in the present. It indicates that something has been stopped or prohibited.
Inflection: Perfect Active Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΜΠΟΔΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΑΠΟΚΛΕΙΩ
G1348
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: dee-KAH-zohn
Translations: judging, deciding, acting as judge, condemning
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'one who is judging' or 'while judging'. It describes an ongoing action of making a judgment or decision, often in a legal or authoritative context. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or adverbially, describing the manner or circumstance of an action.
Inflection: Present Active Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΚΡΙΝΩΝ, ἘΠΙΚΡΙΝΩΝ
G1519, G1487, G1488
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Conjunction, Verb
Sounds like: E
Translations: into, to, for, unto, in, if, you are
Notes: This word is an elided form, indicated by the coronis (the apostrophe-like mark) at the end. It most commonly represents the preposition 'εἰς' (eis), meaning 'into, to, for', especially when followed by a vowel. It can also represent the conjunction 'εἰ' (ei), meaning 'if', or the verb 'εἶ' (ei), meaning 'you are'. In the provided examples, it functions as the preposition 'into' or 'to', indicating motion towards a place or object. It is used with the accusative case.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as an elided form); the original words it represents have their own inflections (e.g., 'εἰς' is a preposition and does not inflect; 'εἰ' is a conjunction and does not inflect; 'εἶ' is a verb, 2nd Person Singular, Present, Indicative, Active).
G1435
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DOH-rah
Translations: gifts
Notes: The word refers to gifts or presents. It is the plural form of the noun 'ΔΩΡΟΝ' (doron), which means 'a gift'. It is commonly used to denote something given voluntarily, often as a token of honor, respect, or generosity.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΔΟΣΙΣ, ΔΩΡΕΑ
Etymology: From the verb δίδωμι (didōmi), meaning 'to give'. It refers to something given or bestowed.
G2983
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LAH-boy
Translations: may he take, may she take, may it take, may he receive, may she receive, may it receive, may he get, may she get, may it get
Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take,' 'to receive,' or 'to get.' 'Λάβοι' specifically indicates a potential or desired action in the past, often translated with 'may' or 'might.' It is used to express a wish, a possibility, or a condition, particularly in dependent clauses.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Optative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΛΑΓΧΑΝΩ
G2288
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAH-nah-tos
Translations: death, a death
Notes: This word refers to death, the cessation of life. It can be used literally to describe physical death, or metaphorically to describe spiritual death or separation from God. It is often used in contexts discussing mortality, judgment, or the end of an era.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΥΤΗ, ΑΠΟΒΙΩΣΙΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *dʰenh₂- 'to die'. It is related to the verb θνῄσκω (thnēskō, 'to die').
G3588, G3739, G2228
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection
Sounds like: AY
Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah
Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.
Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)
Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.
G2209
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ZAY-mee-ah
Translations: loss, damage, penalty, punishment, a loss, a damage, a penalty, a punishment
Notes: This word refers to a loss, damage, or penalty incurred, often as a consequence of an action or circumstance. It can denote financial loss, physical harm, or a judicial punishment. It is used to describe the suffering or detriment one experiences.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΠΩΛΕΙΑ, ΒΛΑΒΗ, ΚΟΛΑΣΙΣ
Etymology: From a root meaning 'to suffer loss'. It is related to the verb ζημιόω (zēmioō), meaning 'to suffer loss, to fine, to punish'.
G4016
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: peh-ree-oh-ROHN
Translations: overlooking, disregarding, neglecting, looking around, considering
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'overlooking' or 'disregarding'. It describes an action of looking around or considering, often with the implication of neglecting or failing to notice something important. It is a compound word formed from 'περί' (around, about) and 'ὁράω' (to see).
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΟΡΑΩ, ΑΜΕΛΕΩ, ΚΑΤΑΦΡΟΝΕΩ
Etymology: The word 'περιοράω' is a compound of the preposition 'περί' (around, about) and the verb 'ὁράω' (to see). It literally means 'to look around' or 'to look over', which then developed the sense of 'to overlook' or 'to disregard'.
G2426
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ee-KEH-teen
Translations: suppliant, a suppliant, petitioner, an petitioner, humble person, an humble person
Notes: This word refers to a suppliant or petitioner, someone who humbly requests or entreats. It describes a person who approaches another, often a more powerful figure, with a plea or request, typically in a position of humility or need. It is used here in the accusative case, indicating the direct object of an action.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΕΟΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΗΤΗΣ
G0997
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: boh-ay-THEIN
Translations: to help, to aid, to assist, to succor
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to help' or 'to aid'. It is often used to describe providing assistance or support to someone in need or in a difficult situation. It can be used with a dative object to indicate the person being helped.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΓΕΩ, ΕΠΙΚΟΥΡΕΩ
G1757
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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective
Sounds like: EH-non
Translations: existing, present, inherent, things in it, a thing in it
Notes: This word is the neuter singular or plural participle of the verb 'ἔνειμι' (eneimi), meaning 'to be in' or 'to be present'. It describes something that is existing, inherent, or contained within something else. It can function as an adjective modifying a noun or as a substantive (a noun formed from an adjective or participle), often translated as 'that which is in' or 'those things which are in'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Singular or Plural
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩΝ, ΠΑΡΩΝ
Etymology: The word ἔνειμι is a compound of the preposition ἐν (en), meaning 'in', and the verb εἰμί (eimi), meaning 'to be'.
G5267
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: hoo-pef-THOO-nos
Translations: accountable, responsible, liable, answerable, subject to
Notes: This word describes someone who is answerable or responsible for something, often implying a legal or moral obligation. It can also mean being liable to a charge or penalty. It is used to indicate that a person is subject to a certain authority or consequence.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΝΟΧΟΣ, ΥΠΟΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΣ
Etymology: From the Greek preposition ὑπό (hypo), meaning 'under', and the noun εὐθύνη (euthynē), meaning 'straightness, accountability'. It literally means 'under accountability' or 'under responsibility'.
G2697
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-teh-THEE-ken
Translations: he laid down, he put down, he deposited, he stored, he placed, he laid up
Notes: This word is the aorist active indicative third person singular form of the verb κατατίθημι (katatithēmi), meaning 'to lay down,' 'to put down,' 'to deposit,' or 'to store.' It describes an action completed in the past, often with the sense of placing something in a specific location or setting it aside for safekeeping. It can be used for physical objects, but also metaphorically for things like laying down one's life or depositing something of value.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΑΠΟΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΘΕΩ
Etymology: The word κατατίθημι (katatithēmi) is a compound verb formed from the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against,' and the verb τίθημι (tithēmi), meaning 'to put,' 'to place,' or 'to set.'
G0337
Open in Concordance
Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-nah-ee-reh-SEH-tah-ee
Translations: will be taken away, will be destroyed, will be killed, will be put to death
Notes: This word is a verb in the future passive voice. It describes an action that will be done to the subject, rather than by the subject. Depending on the context, it can mean to be taken up, to be taken away, to be destroyed, or to be killed.
Inflection: Future, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΑΝΕΛΟΝ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G0245
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ahl-loh-TREE-ohn
Translations: of strangers, of others, of foreigners, of alien things
Notes: This word describes something that belongs to another person or is foreign, alien, or strange. In its genitive plural form, it often refers to the possessions or characteristics of "strangers" or "foreigners," or simply "others." It can also refer to things that are alien or not one's own.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΞΕΝΩΝ, ἈΛΛΩΝ
G3762
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: oo-DEH-nos
Translations: of no one, of nothing, of none, of not any
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the negative indefinite pronoun/adjective meaning 'no one' or 'nothing'. It is used to express the absence or non-existence of something or someone, often translated as 'of no one' or 'of nothing' when indicating possession or relationship. It can modify a noun or stand on its own.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΗΔΕΝΟΣ
G0680
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: AP-seh-tai
Translations: will touch, will grasp, will light, will kindle, will take hold of
Notes: This word is the third person singular future indicative middle or passive voice of the verb ἅπτω (haptō). It means 'will touch', 'will grasp', 'will take hold of', or 'will light/kindle'. In the middle voice, it can mean 'to attach oneself to' or 'to light for oneself'. In the passive voice, it means 'to be touched' or 'to be kindled'. The specific meaning often depends on the context, especially whether it refers to physical contact or the act of lighting a fire.
Inflection: Future, Indicative, Middle or Passive, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΕΦΑΨΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΑΨΑΥΩ, ΑΝΑΠΤΩ
G5110
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TOH-kon
Translations: interest, usury, offspring, birth, an interest, a usury, an offspring, a birth
Notes: This word is a noun referring to that which is produced or born, often in the context of financial interest or usury, but also literally as offspring or birth. It can be used in sentences to describe the yield from money or the act of giving birth.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΝΗΜΑ, ΕΚΓΟΝΟΣ, ΓΟΝΟΣ
G2983
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LEEP-seh-tai
Translations: he will take, he will receive, he will get, he will seize, he will obtain
Notes: This is an inflected form of the verb 'λαμβάνω' (lambanō), meaning 'to take' or 'to receive'. It indicates a future action, specifically that 'he', 'she', or 'it' will take or receive something. It can be used in various contexts where an action of acquiring or grasping is implied.
Inflection: Future, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ, ΕΧΩ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOW-tah
Translations: these, these things
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'these' or 'these things'. It refers to something previously mentioned or understood from the context, pointing it out specifically. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, while as an adjective, it modifies a noun.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: POL-lah
Translations: much, many, great, abundant, often, greatly, many things
Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, 'ΠΟΛΛΑ' typically functions as the neuter plural nominative or accusative, meaning 'many things' or 'much'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'often' or 'greatly'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or frequency.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (of the adjective ΠΟΛΥΣ); or Adverb
Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ
G5124
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toys
Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ
G3664
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: oh-MOY-ah
Translations: like, similar, resembling, a like thing, similar things
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'like', 'similar', or 'resembling'. It is used to describe something that shares characteristics with another thing, often followed by a dative case noun to indicate what it is similar to. For example, 'ΟΜΟΙΑ τῷ θεῷ' would mean 'like God'.
Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Nominative or Neuter, Plural, Nominative/Accusative
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΑΠΛΗΣΙΟΣ, ΙΣΟΣ
G240
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Part of Speech: Reciprocal Pronoun
Sounds like: al-LAY-loos
Translations: one another, each other
Notes: This word is a reciprocal pronoun, meaning 'one another' or 'each other'. It is used to indicate that the action of the verb is performed by each member of a group upon the other members. For example, 'they loved one another'. It is a compound word formed from the word ἈΛΛΟΣ (ALLOS), meaning 'other'.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine. Reciprocal pronouns do not have singular forms and are only found in the genitive, dative, and accusative cases.
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hay-MOHN
Translations: of us, our
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of us' or 'our'. It indicates possession or origin related to a group of speakers. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of us' or 'our house'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, First Person
G4912
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soon-E-kheh-ee
Translations: to hold, to hold fast, to hold together, to constrain, to press, to afflict, to distress, to be seized, to be tormented, to be held, to be confined, to be in anguish
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to hold, to hold fast, or to hold together. It can also mean to constrain, to press upon, or to afflict someone, indicating a strong physical or emotional pressure. In some contexts, it describes being seized by a condition or feeling, such as a fever or anguish. It implies a strong, often inescapable, grip or influence.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular OR Present, Active, Subjunctive, Third Person Singular OR Present, Active, Imperative, Second Person Singular
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΠΙΕΖΩ
G2842
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: koy-noh-NEE-an
Translations: fellowship, a fellowship, communion, a communion, participation, a participation, sharing, a sharing, contribution, a contribution
Notes: This word refers to a close association, partnership, or sharing in something. It can describe a mutual participation or a joint contribution. It is often used in a spiritual context to denote a shared bond or communion, but can also refer to a material contribution or partnership.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΜΕΤΟΧΗ, ΣΥΝΚΟΙΝΩΝΟΣ
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