Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Josephus' Against Apion / Book Two / Chapter 20Book Two, Chapter 20
Interlinear version from Josephus' Against Apion (Beta)
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toh
Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that
Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.
G4413
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: PRO-ton
Translations: first, foremost, chief, principal, a first thing, before, at the first, in the first place
Notes: This word means 'first' in terms of order, time, importance, or rank. As an adjective, it describes something as being the first of its kind or in a sequence. As an adverb, it indicates something happening initially or in the first instance. It can also refer to the chief or most important person or thing.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΗ, ΠΡΩΤΙΣΤΟΣ, ΠΡΟΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'πρῶτος' (prōtos) is a superlative form derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pro- meaning 'forward, before'. It is related to the Greek preposition 'πρό' (pro), meaning 'before' or 'in front of'.
G0537
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-PAN-tohn
Translations: (of) all, (of) everyone, (of) everything
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'ΑΠΑΣ' (apas), meaning 'all', 'every', or 'the whole'. It is a compound word formed from 'α-' (a-, a prefix indicating totality or completeness) and 'πας' (pas, meaning 'all' or 'every'). As a genitive plural, it indicates possession, origin, or relationship for multiple entities, often translated as 'of all' or 'concerning all'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΩΝ, ΟΛΩΝ
Etymology: The word ΑΠΑΣ (apas) is a compound of the intensive prefix ἀ- (a-) and the word πᾶς (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'. The prefix ἀ- intensifies the meaning of 'all' to 'the whole' or 'everyone without exception'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G2298
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: thow-mas-TEN
Translations: wonderful, marvelous, amazing, a wonderful, a marvelous, an amazing
Notes: This word describes something that is wonderful, marvelous, or amazing, often inspiring awe or admiration. It is used to qualify a noun, indicating that the noun possesses these qualities. For example, it could describe a wonderful deed or a marvelous sight.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΕΚΠΛΗΚΤΙΚΟΣ, ΘΑΥΜΑΣΙΟΣ, ΠΑΡΑΔΟΞΟΣ
G3671
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oh-moh-NOY-ahn
Translations: harmony, concord, agreement, unity, a harmony, a concord, an agreement, a unity
Notes: This word refers to a state of agreement, unity, or harmony among people. It describes a shared mindset or purpose, often implying a peaceful and cooperative relationship. It is used to describe the state of being of one mind or having a common understanding.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΥΜΦΩΝΙΑ, ΕΝΟΤΗΣ, ΟΜΟΨΥΧΙΑ
G2254
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: HEE-meen
Translations: (to) us, (for) us, us
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the first-person plural pronoun 'we'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, meaning 'to us' or 'for us'. It can also signify possession or benefit/detriment for 'us'. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He gave the book to us' or 'This is good for us'.
Inflection: First Person, Plural, Dative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to the first-person plural pronoun in other Indo-European languages.
G1716
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: em-peh-POY-ee-ken
Translations: has caused, has produced, has made, has effected
Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning 'to cause', 'to produce', or 'to effect'. It describes an action that has been completed in the past but has ongoing results in the present. It is often used to indicate that something has been brought into existence or has resulted from a previous action.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΚΑΤΕΡΓΑΖΟΜΑΙ
Etymology: The word ἐμποιέω (empoieō) is a compound of the preposition ἐν (en), meaning 'in' or 'among', and the verb ποιέω (poieō), meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. Thus, it literally means 'to make in' or 'to do in', leading to the sense of causing or producing something within or among others.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toh
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G3392
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: mee-AH-n
Translations: to defile, to pollute, to contaminate, to stain
Notes: This word describes the act of making something unclean, impure, or unholy. It can refer to physical defilement, such as staining or polluting, or to moral and spiritual defilement, such as corrupting or profaning. It is often used in a religious context to describe ritual impurity or sin.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΜΟΛΥΝΩ, ΡΥΠΑΙΝΩ, ΒΕΒΗΛΟΩ
Etymology: The word 'μιαίνω' (miainō) is of uncertain origin, possibly pre-Greek. It is related to the concept of defilement and impurity.
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G2192
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EKH-ayn
Translations: to have, to hold, to possess, to be able, to keep, to get
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'. It is used to express possession, a state of being, or ability. As an infinitive, it often functions like a noun, serving as the subject or object of another verb, or it can complete the meaning of another verb.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΚΑΤΕΧΩ, ΚΕΚΤΗΜΑΙ, ΚΡΑΤΕΩ
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TEEN
Translations: her, it, herself
Notes: This is a third-person personal pronoun, specifically the feminine, singular, accusative form of 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It is used to refer to a feminine noun that is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. It can be translated as 'her' or 'it' (when referring to a feminine object), and sometimes reflexively as 'herself' or 'itself'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G1391
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: DOK-san
Translations: glory, a glory, splendor, honor, praise, dignity, reputation
Notes: This word refers to glory, splendor, or honor. It can describe the inherent majesty of God, the praise given to someone, or a person's reputation or dignity. It is often used in contexts of divine manifestation or human recognition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΙΜΗ, ΚΛΕΟΣ, ΕΥΚΛΕΙΑ
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAY-oo
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΘΕΟΣ' (theos), meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, the genitive case often indicates possession, origin, or relationship, similar to the English 'of' or the possessive apostrophe 's'. Therefore, 'ΘΕΟΥ' typically translates to 'of God' or 'of a god', depending on the context. It can refer to the one true God or to a pagan deity.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G0979
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: bee-OH
Translations: live, pass one's life, spend one's life
Notes: This word means to live, to pass one's life, or to spend one's life. It refers to the act of existing and conducting one's life. It is often used to describe the duration or manner of one's existence.
Inflection: First Person Singular, Present Active Subjunctive; or First Person Singular, Present Active Indicative (rare); or a component in compound words related to life.
Synonyms: ΖΑΩ, ΖΩΟΠΟΙΕΩ
Etymology: From the noun βίος (bios), meaning 'life'. The verb βιόω is derived from this noun, indicating the act of living.
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G1485
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: EH-the-see
Translations: (to) customs, (by) customs, (with) customs, (to) habits, (by) habits, (with) habits, (to) manners, (by) manners, (with) manners
Notes: This word refers to a custom, habit, or manner of living or acting. It describes established practices or traditions within a community or among individuals. In the provided context, it is used in the dative plural, indicating 'by customs' or 'according to customs'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΝΟΜΟΣ, ΤΡΟΠΟΣ, ΣΥΝΗΘΕΙΑ
Etymology: The word ἔθος (ethos) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *swedʰ- meaning 'custom, habit'. It is related to words signifying 'one's own' or 'peculiar to oneself'.
G3367
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: MAY-den
Translations: nothing, no one, none, not even one
Notes: This word is a negative indefinite pronoun or adjective, meaning 'nothing' or 'no one'. It is the neuter form of the word 'ΜΗΔΕΙΣ'. It is used to express absolute negation, particularly in contexts involving prohibitions, commands, or with subjunctive and optative moods, indicating that something should not happen or does not exist under certain conditions. For example, it can be used in a sentence like 'do nothing' or 'let nothing happen'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ
Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (meaning 'not') and the numeral ΕΙΣ (meaning 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.
G240
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Part of Speech: Reciprocal Pronoun
Sounds like: al-LAY-lone
Translations: of one another, of each other
Notes: This word is a reciprocal pronoun, meaning 'of one another' or 'of each other'. It is used to indicate that an action or relationship is mutual among multiple subjects. It always appears in the plural and is used to express actions or relationships that are directed back and forth between individuals within a group.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Etymology: This word is derived from the reduplication of the stem of ἄλλος (ALLOS), meaning 'other'. The reduplication indicates reciprocity.
G1308
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: dee-ah-FEH-rin
Translations: to differ, to excel, to carry through, to be better, to be of more value, to be distinct
Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb διαφέρω (diapherō). It is a compound word formed from διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to carry' or 'to bear'. Depending on the context, it can mean 'to carry through', 'to differ', 'to be distinct', 'to excel', or 'to be of more value'. For example, it can be used to say that one thing differs from another, or that someone excels in a particular area.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΚΡΙΝΩ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΕΥΩ, ΥΠΕΡΕΧΩ
Etymology: The word διαφέρω (diapherō) is a compound verb derived from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and the verb φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to carry' or 'to bear'. Its meaning evolved from 'carrying through' to 'differing' or 'excelling'.
G2570
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: KAL-lis-tayn
Translations: most beautiful, a most beautiful, most excellent, a most excellent, most noble, a most noble, fairest, a fairest, best, a best
Notes: This word is the superlative form of 'kalos', meaning 'beautiful' or 'good'. It describes something as being the most beautiful, excellent, or best among a group. It is used to emphasize the supreme quality of a noun, often appearing in phrases like 'the most beautiful city' or 'the best deed'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Superlative
Synonyms: ΑΡΙΣΤΟΣ, ΚΡΑΤΙΣΤΟΣ
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G2239
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: AY-theh-sin
Translations: customs, habits, character, dispositions, morals
Notes: This word refers to one's customs, habits, or character. It describes the established ways of behaving or thinking within a person or a group, often implying moral character or disposition. It can be used to speak of the general character of a people or the specific habits of an individual.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΤΡΟΠΟΙ, ΕΘΗ, ΗΘΗ
Etymology: From the root ἔθω (ethō), meaning 'to be accustomed'. It refers to a customary place or dwelling, and by extension, to custom, habit, or character.
G0444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ahn-throh-POHN
Translations: (of) men, (of) people, (of) humankind
Notes: ἈΝΘΡΩΠΩΝ is the genitive plural form of the noun ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ, which means 'man', 'human being', or 'person'. This form is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, translating to 'of men' or 'of people'. It refers to human beings in general, often distinguishing them from God or other creatures.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΛΑΟΣ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek, likely a compound of ἀνήρ (anēr, 'man') and ὤψ (ōps, 'face, eye'), possibly meaning 'one who looks up' or 'one with a human face'.
G4857
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: soom-foh-NEE-ah
Translations: agreement, harmony, concord, a symphony
Notes: This word refers to a state of agreement, harmony, or concord, often implying a unity of sound or opinion. It can describe the harmonious relationship between people or the agreement of ideas. It is a compound word derived from 'σύν' (together with) and 'φωνή' (sound, voice).
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ, ΣΥΝΘΗΚΗ, ΟΜΟΦΩΝΙΑ
G0658
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-po-teh-LEH-ee
Translations: he completes, she completes, it completes, he finishes, she finishes, it finishes, he accomplishes, she accomplishes, it accomplishes, he produces, she produces, it produces, he brings to an end, she brings to an end, it brings to an end
Notes: This verb signifies the act of bringing something to completion, finishing a task, accomplishing a goal, or producing a result. It is used to describe an action that culminates in a final outcome or product.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΩ, ἘΚΤΕΛΕΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπό (apo, 'from, away from') and τελέω (teleō, 'to complete, finish'). It literally means 'to complete from' or 'to bring to an end from'.
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: pa-RAH
Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a
Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.
G3441
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MO-noys
Translations: only, alone, solitary, by themselves, to them alone, to them only
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'only' or 'alone'. It is used to indicate exclusivity or singularity. In the provided examples, it is used in the dative plural, meaning 'to them alone' or 'only to them', emphasizing that the action or state applies solely to the specified group.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΟΝΟΣ
G3777
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: OO-teh
Translations: neither, nor, and not
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to connect two or more negative clauses or phrases. It often appears in a correlative construction, meaning 'neither... nor'. For example, 'neither this nor that'. It emphasizes the complete absence or negation of all listed items.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕ
Etymology: From the negative particle οὐ (ou, 'not') and the enclitic conjunction τέ (te, 'and'). It literally means 'and not'.
G3056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LOH-goos
Translations: words, sayings, accounts, messages, statements, reports
Notes: This word is the plural accusative form of 'λόγος' (logos), meaning 'word' or 'reason'. In this form, it typically functions as the direct object of a verb, indicating the 'words' or 'accounts' that are being acted upon. It can refer to spoken words, written accounts, or even divine pronouncements.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑΤΑ, ΕΠΗ, ΜΥΘΟΙ
G191
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-koo-SEH-tai
Translations: he will hear, she will hear, it will hear, he will listen, she will listen, it will listen, he will obey, she will obey, it will obey
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to hear,' 'to listen,' or 'to obey.' It is used to describe the action of perceiving sound or paying attention to something, often implying a response or compliance. For example, it can be used in sentences like 'He will hear the voice' or 'She will listen to the command.'
Inflection: Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΕΙΘΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ
G5101
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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective
Sounds like: TEES
Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing
Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.
Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.
G240
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Part of Speech: Reciprocal Pronoun
Sounds like: al-LAY-loys
Translations: one another, each other, to one another, to each other
Notes: This word is a reciprocal pronoun, meaning 'one another' or 'each other'. It is used to indicate that an action or relationship is mutual between two or more subjects. For example, 'they spoke to one another' or 'they loved each other'. It is always used in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
G5227
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: hoo-pen-AN-tee-oos
Translations: adversaries, opponents, enemies
Notes: This word describes those who are in opposition or hostile. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ὑπέρ (hyper), meaning 'over' or 'above', and ἐναντίος (enantios), meaning 'opposite' or 'against'. Thus, it literally means 'over against' or 'standing opposite to'. It is used to refer to people who are hostile or adversarial.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΧΘΡΟΥΣ, ΑΝΤΙΚΕΙΜΕΝΟΥΣ
G3697
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Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Relative Adjective
Sounds like: oh-POY-ah
Translations: what sort of, of what kind, what kind of, such as, as
Notes: This word is a relative pronoun or adjective used to introduce a clause that describes the quality or kind of something. It means 'of what sort' or 'what kind of', indicating a characteristic or nature. It functions similarly to 'which' or 'as' when referring to a quality.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΙΟΣ, ΟΣΟΣ, ΗΛΙΚΟΣ
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: POL-lah
Translations: much, many, great, abundant, often, greatly, many things
Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective 'ΠΟΛΥΣ' (polys), meaning 'much' or 'many'. As an adjective, 'ΠΟΛΛΑ' typically functions as the neuter plural nominative or accusative, meaning 'many things' or 'much'. It can also function as an adverb, meaning 'often' or 'greatly'. It is used to indicate a large quantity or frequency.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative (of the adjective ΠΟΛΥΣ); or Adverb
Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ
G2087
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: HEH-teh-roys
Translations: other, another, different, a different
Notes: This word refers to something that is 'other' or 'different' from what has been previously mentioned or implied. It emphasizes a distinction in kind or character, rather than just numerical difference (which would be expressed by 'ἄλλος'). It is often used to introduce a new or distinct item in a list or comparison. In the provided examples, it refers to 'other gods'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ, ΔΙΑΦΟΡΟΣ, ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΣ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OOKH
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle, meaning "not" or "no." It is used to negate statements of fact or reality. It is a variant of οὐ (ou) and οὐκ (ouk), specifically used before words that begin with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂u- (negative particle). It is related to other negative particles in various Indo-European languages.
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G5177
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: too-KHON-tone
Translations: (of) those who happen, (of) those who obtain, (of) those who meet, (of) those who fall upon, (of) ordinary people, (of) common people
Notes: ΤΥΧΟΝΤΩΝ is the genitive masculine/neuter plural participle of the verb ΤΥΓΧΑΝΩ. It describes an action of 'happening,' 'obtaining,' 'meeting,' or 'falling upon.' When used substantively, it can refer to 'those who happen' or, more broadly, 'ordinary' or 'common' people, implying a lack of distinction or special quality. It often conveys the idea of something occurring by chance or fortune.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΚΟΙΝΩΝ, ἘΝΤΥΓΧΑΝΟΝΤΩΝ, ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΟΝΤΩΝ
G3440
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective
Sounds like: MO-non
Translations: only, alone, merely, a single, a solitary
Notes: This word can function as an adverb meaning 'only' or 'merely', indicating exclusivity or limitation. It can also be the neuter singular form of the adjective 'ΜΟΝΟΣ', meaning 'alone' or 'solitary', describing something as being by itself or unique. In its adverbial use, it often modifies verbs or clauses to emphasize that something is done exclusively or that a condition applies solely to one thing.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)
Synonyms: ΜΟΝΩΣ, ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: KAH-tah
Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along
Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.
G4363
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: pros-PEH-son
Translations: falling down, having fallen down, prostrating oneself, falling before, falling upon
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'προσπίπτω' (prospiptō), meaning 'to fall upon' or 'to fall down before'. It describes an action of falling, often with the implication of prostration, supplication, or reverence. It can be used to describe someone falling to the ground, or falling before another person or deity, often in an act of worship, petition, or submission.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ
G1538
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: HEK-as-toh
Translations: each, every, each one, every one, to each, to every, to each one
Notes: This word means 'each' or 'every'. It is used to refer to individual members of a group, emphasizing their distinctness. It often appears in the dative case, meaning 'to each' or 'for each', indicating distribution or assignment to individuals. For example, it can be used to say 'to each person' or 'every one of them'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΑΣ, ΑΥΤΟΣ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: LEH-geh-tai
Translations: it is said, it is spoken, it is told, he is said, she is said, it is called
Notes: This word is the third person singular, present indicative, passive form of the verb 'λέγω' (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. Therefore, 'λέγεται' translates to 'it is said' or 'it is spoken'. It indicates that something is being stated or reported by an unspecified agent, or that someone/something is being referred to or called by a certain name.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Passive
Synonyms: ΦΗΜΙ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΕΡΩ
G3804
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PA-thos
Translations: suffering, a suffering, passion, a passion, emotion, an emotion, affliction, an affliction, experience, an experience
Notes: This word refers to anything that is experienced or undergone, often with a connotation of suffering, pain, or strong emotion. It can denote a physical or mental affliction, a strong feeling or passion, or simply an experience. It is used to describe both negative experiences like suffering and more neutral ones like an event or an emotion.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΠΑΘΕΙΑ, ΘΛΙΨΙΣ, ΠΟΝΟΣ
Etymology: From the root of πάσχω (paschō), meaning 'to suffer' or 'to experience'. It refers to that which is experienced or undergone.
G0235
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: AL-lah
Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed
Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: pah-RAH
Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TEE-see
Translations: to/for some, to/for any, to/for certain ones, to/for someone, to/for anyone
Notes: This word is an indefinite pronoun, meaning 'someone,' 'anyone,' 'some,' or 'any.' It refers to an unspecified person or thing. In this form, it indicates the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to' or 'for' some people or things.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, All Genders
Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ (tis) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an enclitic indefinite pronoun.
G5386
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: fee-lo-SO-fone
Translations: of philosophers, to philosophers, philosophers, a philosopher
Notes: This word refers to those who love wisdom or are engaged in the pursuit of knowledge, commonly translated as 'philosophers'. It is a compound word derived from 'φίλος' (philos), meaning 'loving' or 'dear', and 'σοφία' (sophia), meaning 'wisdom'. The form 'ΦΙΛΟΣΟΦΩΝ' is typically used to indicate possession (of philosophers) or as an indirect object (to philosophers), depending on the context.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΣΟΦΙΣΤΗΣ, ΣΟΦΟΣ, ΣΠΟΥΔΑΙΟΣ
G0000
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-po-teh-TOL-mee-tai
Translations: it has been dared, it has been ventured, it has been undertaken boldly
Notes: This word is a verb in the perfect passive indicative, third person singular. It means 'it has been dared' or 'it has been ventured'. It describes an action that has been completed in the past and its result continues into the present, specifically an act of daring or boldness that has been carried out.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Indicative, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΤΟΛΜΑΩ, ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΕΩ, ΑΠΟΚΙΝΔΥΝΕΥΩ
Etymology: The word ἀποτολμάω (apotolmaō) is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb τολμάω (tolmaō), meaning 'to dare' or 'to be bold'. The prefix ἀπό intensifies the meaning of daring or venturing forth.
G3650
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: OH-len
Translations: whole, all, entire, a whole
Notes: This word means 'whole', 'all', or 'entire'. It is an adjective used to describe something as complete or undivided. It is often used to emphasize the totality of something, such as 'the whole city' or 'all the people'. In this form, it is the feminine singular accusative case, meaning it would modify a feminine singular noun that is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΑΝΤΑΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G5449
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: FY-sin
Translations: nature, a nature, kind, a kind, birth, a birth, natural order, a natural order, natural disposition, a natural disposition
Notes: This word refers to the inherent character, constitution, or essential quality of something or someone. It can describe the natural order of things, the way something is born or comes into being, or the innate disposition of a person or animal. It is often used in contrast to things that are artificial, man-made, or contrary to the natural order.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΣ, ΟΥΣΙΑ, ΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΣΙΣ
G0337
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-nah-I-REIN
Translations: to take up, to take away, to destroy, to kill, to put to death
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἀνά (ana, 'up' or 'again') and the verb αἱρέω (haireō, 'to take' or 'to choose'). Depending on the context, it can mean to take up, to take away, to destroy, or to kill. It is often used in the sense of putting someone to death or causing destruction.
Inflection: Present Active Infinitive
Synonyms: ἈΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΚΤΕΙΝΩ, ΦΟΝΕΥΩ
Etymology: The verb ἀναιρέω is formed from the prefix ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and the verb αἱρέω (haireō), meaning 'to take' or 'to choose'.
G3056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LOH-goys
Translations: (to) words, (to) sayings, (to) accounts, (to) messages, (to) reasons, (to) doctrines
Notes: This word refers to words, sayings, accounts, or messages. It is the dative plural form of the noun 'logos', indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'by' or 'with' in English, depending on the context. It can refer to spoken or written words, a statement, a discourse, or even a divine utterance.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑΣΙΝ, ΕΠΕΣΙΝ, ΜΥΘΟΙΣ
G2021
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-pee-keh-khee-ree-KOH-tohn
Translations: of those who had undertaken, of those who had attempted, of those who had put their hands to
Notes: This word is the genitive plural masculine participle of the verb 'epicheireō', meaning 'to put one's hand to', 'to undertake', or 'to attempt'. It describes a group of people who have previously engaged in or initiated an action. It is a compound word formed from 'epi' (upon, to) and 'cheir' (hand), literally meaning 'to lay hands upon' an endeavor.
Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΕΙΡΑΣΑΝΤΩΝ, ΕΠΙΒΑΛΟΝΤΩΝ
G0243
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: AL-lohn
Translations: of other, of others, of another, of different
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to refer to things or people that are distinct from those already mentioned or implied. As a genitive plural, it often translates to 'of others' or 'of other things', indicating possession or relation.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΩΝ, ΛΟΙΠΩΝ
G5228
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-PER
Translations: over, above, for, on behalf of, concerning, beyond, more than
Notes: ΥΠΕΡ is a Koine Greek preposition. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often means 'on behalf of', 'for the sake of', 'concerning', or 'instead of'. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'over', 'above', 'beyond', or 'more than', often indicating position or motion.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΠΙ, ΠΕΡΙ, ΑΝΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *uperi, meaning 'over, above'. It is cognate with English 'over' and Latin 'super'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: him, it, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun, typically meaning 'him' or 'it' when used as a personal pronoun. It can also be used intensively to mean 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject or object. It refers to a previously mentioned male person or a neuter object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter
G4307
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pro-NOY-an
Translations: providence, forethought, provision, a provision, care, foresight
Notes: This word refers to the act of thinking ahead, planning, or making preparations for the future. It can also denote divine foresight or care, often translated as 'providence'. In a practical sense, it signifies the provision of what is needed or the exercise of careful planning.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΒΛΕΨΙΣ, ΠΡΟΜΗΘΕΙΑ
G0851
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: ah-fai-ROO-meh-nohn
Translations: of taking away, of removing, of subtracting, of those who are taking away, of those who are being taken away
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'aphairéō', meaning 'to take away', 'to remove', or 'to subtract'. As a participle, it describes an action that is ongoing or in progress. In this form, it functions adjectivally or substantively, often translated as 'of those who are taking away' or 'of those who are being taken away', depending on the context and voice.
Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ἈΦΑΙΡΕΣΙΣ, ἈΠΟΚΟΠΗ
G3777
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: OOT
Translations: neither, nor, not
Notes: This word is a negative conjunction used to introduce a negative clause or to connect two or more negative statements. It often appears in a series, such as 'neither... nor...'. It emphasizes the complete absence or denial of something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕ
Etymology: From the negative particle οὐ (ou) and the enclitic particle τέ (te). It is used to express a strong negation, often in a series.
G2039
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: eh-pee-TAY-dyeh-mah-see
Translations: in pursuits, in practices, in customs, in habits, in endeavors
Notes: This word refers to a pursuit, practice, custom, or habit. It describes an activity or way of life that someone engages in regularly. It is used here in the dative plural, indicating the means or sphere in which an action takes place.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΟΙΣ, ΠΡΑΞΕΣΙ, ΕΘΕΣΙ
G0979
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: bee-OHN
Translations: living, having lived, to live
Notes: This word is the aorist active participle of the verb 'βιόω' (bioō), meaning 'to live' or 'to pass one's life'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone who is living or has lived, or indicating the manner of living. It can be translated as 'living' or 'having lived', depending on the context.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΖΑΩ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ
G3708
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: op-SEH-tai
Translations: he will see, she will see, it will see
Notes: This word means 'he/she/it will see' or 'he/she/it will look'. It is a future tense form of the verb 'to see' and indicates an action that will happen in the future. It is often used to describe someone observing or perceiving something.
Inflection: 3rd Person, Singular, Future, Indicative, Middle Voice
Synonyms: ΒΛΈΠΩ, ΕἼΔΩ
G1313
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-ah-foh-RAN
Translations: difference, a difference, distinction, a distinction, superiority, a superiority, excellence, an excellence
Notes: This word refers to a difference, distinction, or variation between things. It can also denote superiority or excellence. In a sentence, it would be used to describe how one thing differs from another, or to highlight the superior quality of something.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΣΤΟΛΗ, ΕΤΕΡΟΤΗΣ
Etymology: From the verb διαφέρω (diapherō), meaning 'to carry through, to differ, to excel'. It is a compound word formed from διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'.
G2839
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: KOY-nah
Translations: common, unclean, profane, shared, public, a common thing, common things
Notes: This word describes something that is common, shared, or public. In a religious context, it can also refer to something that is ritually unclean or profane, as opposed to sacred or pure. It is often used to describe things that are accessible to everyone or shared among a group. When used as a noun, it refers to 'common things' or 'things held in common'.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΔΗΜΟΣΙΑ, ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΑ
Etymology: The word ΚΟΙΝΟΣ (koinos) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be related to the concept of 'togetherness' or 'sharing'. It is the root from which many words related to community and commonality are derived.
G2041
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ER-gah
Translations: works, deeds, actions
Notes: This word refers to actions, accomplishments, or things done. It can encompass both good and bad deeds depending on the context, describing the outcome or result of an effort. It is often used to describe the actions of people or God.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΕΙΣ, ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΑ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-tone
Translations: (of) all, (of) every, (of) everyone, (of) everything, (of) the whole
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'πᾶς' (pas), meaning 'all', 'every', or 'the whole'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for a plural group, signifying 'of all' or 'belonging to all'. It can refer to people, things, or concepts, encompassing a complete set or totality.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G1519, G1520
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one
Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'
Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).
G3056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LOH-goss
Translations: word, a word, reason, a reason, account, an account, speech, a speech, message, a message, report, a report, thing, a thing, matter, a matter, saying, a saying, discourse, a discourse
Notes: The word 'logos' is a fundamental term in Koine Greek with a wide range of meanings. It can refer to a spoken or written word, a statement, a message, or a command. Beyond simple communication, it also encompasses concepts like reason, logic, an account, a narrative, or even a divine utterance or principle. Its specific meaning often depends on the context in which it is used.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΕΠΟΣ
Etymology: From the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say, speak'. It refers to something said or thought, and its meaning evolved to encompass both speech and the underlying reason or thought.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G3551
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: NOH-moh
Translations: (to) law, (to) a law, (to) custom, (to) a custom, (to) principle, (to) a principle
Notes: This word refers to a law, custom, or principle. In the New Testament, it often refers to the Mosaic Law, but can also denote a general principle or rule. It is used here in the dative case, indicating the recipient or indirect object of an action, or the means by which something is done.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΘΕΣΜΟΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΩΜΑ, ΕΝΤΟΛΗ
G4859
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Participle
Sounds like: soom-foh-NOHN
Translations: agreeing, harmonious, in agreement, consistent, concordant, of one accord
Notes: This word describes something that is in agreement, harmonious, or consistent with something else. It is often used to describe people who are of one mind or things that fit together well. As a participle, it can function adjectivally or adverbially, indicating an action of agreeing or being in harmony. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (together with) and 'φωνή' (sound, voice), literally meaning 'sounding together'.
Inflection: Masculine, Neuter, Genitive, Plural, Present, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΟΜΟΦΩΝΟΣ, ΟΜΟΓΝΩΜΩΝ, ΟΜΟΨΥΧΟΣ
G3956
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-ta
Translations: all, every, everything, all things
Notes: This word means 'all' or 'every'. In its plural neuter form, as seen here, it often translates to 'all things' or 'everything'. It is used to indicate totality or universality, referring to a complete set or collection of items or concepts.
Inflection: Plural, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative or Vocative
Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ
G3004
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: leh-GOHN
Translations: saying, speaking, telling
Notes: ΛΕΓΩΝ is the present active participle of the verb λέγω (legō), meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is commonly used to introduce direct or indirect speech, functioning similarly to 'saying' or 'speaking' in English. For example, it might be translated as 'he came saying...' or 'they decreed, speaking...'. It describes an ongoing action of speaking or declaring.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative
Synonyms: ΛΑΛΩΝ, ΦΩΝΩΝ, ΕΡΩΝ
Etymology: The word λέγω (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'to collect, gather, pick out'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to speak' or 'to say', perhaps from the idea of 'picking out words'.
G1565
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: eh-KAY-non
Translations: that (one), him, it
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'that' or 'that one'. It refers to something distant in space or time, or something previously mentioned or understood from the context. As a pronoun, it can stand alone, meaning 'that one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'that [noun]'. In this form, it is used for a masculine singular object of a verb or preposition.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ὉΔΕ
Etymology: The word ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ (ekeinos) is derived from the adverb ἐκεῖ (ekei), meaning 'there'. It refers to something 'over there' or 'that one there', indicating distance.
G2182
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-fo-RAN
Translations: to look upon, to behold, to observe, to oversee, to supervise
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to look upon,' 'to behold,' 'to observe,' or 'to oversee.' It implies a careful or watchful gaze, often with the sense of supervision or attention to detail. It can be used in contexts where someone is watching over something or someone, or simply observing an event.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΒΛΕΠΩ, ὉΡΑΩ, ἘΠΙΣΚΟΠΕΩ
G3376, G3378
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Part of Speech: Noun, Adverb
Sounds like: MAYN
Translations: month, a month, surely, indeed, truly, certainly
Notes: This word has two primary meanings in Koine Greek. As a noun (G3378), it refers to a 'month', a period of time. As an adverb (G3376), it functions as an emphatic particle, meaning 'surely', 'indeed', 'truly', or 'certainly', often used to confirm or emphasize a statement. It can also be used in questions to expect a positive answer.
Inflection: Noun: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative; Adverb: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΤΟΣ, ΑΛΗΘΩΣ, ΟΝΤΩΣ
Etymology: The noun 'ΜΗΝ' (month) comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to the moon and its cycle. The adverb 'ΜΗΝ' (surely) is also of uncertain but ancient origin, possibly related to particles of affirmation.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G0979
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: BEE-on
Translations: life, a life, livelihood, a livelihood, property, a property
Notes: This word refers to life, especially in its physical sense, or the means by which one lives, such as one's livelihood or property. It can describe the duration of life, the manner of life, or the resources needed for life. In the provided examples, it is used to refer to one's entire life or the means of life.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΖΩΗ, ΨΥΧΗ
G2039
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ep-ee-TAY-deoo-mah-TON
Translations: of practices, of pursuits, of customs, of habits, of deeds
Notes: This word refers to practices, pursuits, customs, or habits, often implying a course of action or a way of life. It can describe both good and bad deeds or activities. In the provided examples, it refers to the wicked practices or deeds of people.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΩΝ, ΠΡΑΞΕΩΝ, ΕΘΩΝ
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G1163
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Part of Speech: Impersonal Verb
Sounds like: DEH-ee
Translations: it is necessary, one must, it is proper, it behooves
Notes: This is an impersonal verb meaning 'it is necessary' or 'one must'. It expresses a strong sense of obligation, necessity, or inevitability. It is often used with an infinitive to indicate what must be done or what is destined to happen.
Inflection: Impersonal, 3rd person singular, Present, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΧΡΗ, ΑΝΑΓΚΗ ΕΣΤΙΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *deyh₂- (to shine, to gleam), which developed into the sense of 'to be visible, to appear', and then 'to be proper, to be necessary'.
G243
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: TAHL-lah
Translations: the others, the rest, other things
Notes: This word is a contraction of the definite article 'τά' (the) and the adjective/pronoun 'ἄλλα' (other, different). It refers to 'the other things' or 'the rest' in a neuter plural sense. It is used to indicate the remaining items or people in a group, or things that are distinct from those already mentioned.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΛΟΙΠΑ, ΥΠΟΛΟΙΠΑ
Etymology: The word ἄλλος (allos) comes from Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'.
G5056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TEH-los
Translations: end, a goal, a purpose, an outcome, a completion, a tax, a custom, a duty
Notes: This word refers to an end, a goal, a purpose, or the completion of something. It can also refer to a tax or custom duty. It is often used to denote the conclusion of an event or process, or the ultimate aim or objective. In some contexts, it refers to the payment of tribute or taxes.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, or Vocative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΕΡΑΣ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΙΑ, ΤΕΛΕΥΤΗ
Etymology: The word ΤΕΛΟΣ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to turn, to accomplish, to fulfill'. It is related to words signifying completion, fulfillment, and the end of a process.
G2150
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: yoo-SEB-eh-yan
Translations: piety, godliness, devotion, a piety, a godliness
Notes: This word refers to piety, godliness, or devotion, particularly in the context of reverence towards God or the gods. It describes a proper attitude and conduct towards the divine, often encompassing moral uprightness and religious observance. It is used to describe the quality of being devout or reverent.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΘΕΟΣΕΒΕΙΑ, ΕΥ̓ΛΑΒΕΙΑ, ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣΥΝΗ
G1135
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: goo-nai-KOHN
Translations: of women, women
Notes: This word refers to women in general, or specifically to wives. It is used here in the genitive plural, indicating possession or relationship, often translated as 'of women'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΘΗΛΕΙΑΙ, ΘΥΓΑΤΕΡΕΣ
G0191
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-koo-SEE-en
Translations: they might hear, they would hear, they might listen, they would listen
Notes: This word means 'they might hear' or 'they would hear'. It is used to express a wish, a potential action, or a hypothetical situation. It describes the act of perceiving sound or paying attention.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Optative, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΥΝΘΑΝΟΜΑΙ, ἘΠΑΚΟΥΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ
G0302
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: AHN
Translations: if, ever, might, would, should
Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.
G3610
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oy-KEH-tohn
Translations: of servants, of household servants, of slaves
Notes: This word refers to household servants or slaves. It is used to describe individuals who are part of a household and serve its members, often in a position of servitude or bondage. It is a compound word derived from 'οἶκος' (house) and 'ἔχω' (to have/hold), literally meaning 'one who holds the house' or 'one belonging to the house'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΟΥΛΩΝ, ΘΕΡΑΠΟΝΤΩΝ
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