Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Josephus' Against Apion / Book Two / Chapter 11Book Two, Chapter 11
Interlinear version from Josephus' Against Apion (Beta)
G4314
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PROSS
Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to
Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).
Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.
G1208
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: DEH-oo-teh-ran
Translations: second, a second, another, next
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'second' or 'next'. It is used to indicate the ordinal position of something in a sequence, such as 'the second day' or 'the second time'. It can also refer to 'another' or 'a different' one when distinguishing from a first item.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
G0687
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: ah-PEE-oh-nee
Translations: to Apion
Notes: This is the dative singular form of the proper noun Apion. Apion was a Greek grammarian and sophist who lived in the first century AD, known for his anti-Jewish writings. The dative case indicates the indirect object of a verb or the recipient of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Etymology: From the Greek personal name Apion, likely derived from the Egyptian name 'Apis', referring to the sacred bull.
G3454
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: moo-tho-lo-GEE-an
Translations: mythology, a mythology, fable, a fable, myth, a myth
Notes: This word refers to a collection of myths or fables, or the study of myths. It is a compound word derived from 'μῦθος' (myth, story) and 'λόγος' (word, account, reason). It is often used in the context of traditional stories, often of a religious or historical nature, that explain a practice, belief, or natural phenomenon.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΜΥΘΟΣ, ΛΟΓΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΜΥΘΟΛΟΓΙΑ is a compound of two Greek words: μῦθος (mythos), meaning 'story' or 'tale', and -λογία (-logia), meaning 'study' or 'discourse'. It refers to the telling or study of myths.
G2680
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tah-psev-SAH-sthai
Translations: to lie against, to bear false witness against, to accuse falsely
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the prefix κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'against') and the verb ψεύδομαι (pseudomai, meaning 'to lie' or 'to deceive'). It means to lie or bear false witness specifically against someone, implying a false accusation or slander. It describes the act of making a false statement with the intent to harm or incriminate another.
Inflection: Aorist, Middle/Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΔΙΑΒΑΛΛΩ, ΣΥΚΟΦΑΝΤΕΩ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition κατά (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and the verb ψεύδομαι (pseudomai), meaning 'to lie' or 'to deceive'. The root ψεύδομαι comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *pseu- meaning 'to lie, deceive'.
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TEE-nah
Translations: who, what, which, some, any, a certain one, something, anything
Notes: ΤΙΝΑ is an inflected form of the pronoun/adjective ΤΙΣ. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', 'anything', 'a certain one', or 'some'. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it is used in a question or a statement. It can function as both a pronoun standing alone or an adjective modifying a noun.
Inflection: Accusative Singular Masculine or Feminine, or Nominative/Accusative Plural Neuter
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
G3727
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: OR-kon
Translations: oath, an oath
Notes: This word refers to a solemn promise or vow, often made with an appeal to a divine being or sacred object as a witness. It signifies a binding declaration that invokes a higher power to guarantee its truthfulness or fulfillment. It is used in sentences to denote the act of swearing or the promise itself.
Inflection: Accusative, Singular, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to the idea of a 'fence' or 'enclosure', suggesting something that binds or confines, thus a binding agreement or oath.
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hay-MOHN
Translations: of us, our
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of us' or 'our'. It indicates possession or origin related to a group of speakers. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of us' or 'our house'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, First Person
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G3660
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: OM-nyoo-ON-tone
Translations: of swearing, of taking an oath, of those swearing, of those taking an oath
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'swearing' or 'taking an oath'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action performed by a noun. In this genitive plural form, it typically refers to 'of those who are swearing' or 'of those who are taking an oath'. It is used to describe the action of making a solemn declaration, often invoking a divine witness.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΡΚΙΖΟΝΤΩΝ, ΕΠΙΟΡΚΟΥΝΤΩΝ
Etymology: The word ὄμνυμι (omnymi) comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the concept of binding or making a solemn declaration.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: theh-ON
Translations: God, a God
Notes: This word refers to God, a god, or a deity. It is used as the direct object in a sentence, indicating the recipient of an action or the one being referred to. For example, one might 'worship God' (where 'God' would be in the accusative case).
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ
G4160
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: poy-EE-san-tah
Translations: having made, who made, the one who made, him who made, maker, doer
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle, meaning 'having made' or 'who made'. It describes someone who has performed an action of making or doing. It functions like an adjective or a noun, often referring to 'the one who made' or 'the maker', and in this form, it is in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine, Aorist, Active, Participle
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΣΑΜΕΝΟΝ, ΔΗΜΙΟΥΡΓΗΣΑΝΤΑ
G3772
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oo-rah-NON
Translations: heaven, a heaven, sky, a sky
Notes: This word refers to the physical sky above the earth, or more commonly, to the dwelling place of God and the angels, often used in a theological sense. It is a masculine noun.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΙΘΗΡ, ΚΟΣΜΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TANE
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.
G1093
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GAYN
Translations: earth, an earth, land, a land, ground, a ground, country, a country, region, a region
Notes: ΓΗΝ is the accusative singular form of the noun ΓΗ, meaning 'earth', 'land', 'ground', 'country', or 'region'. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the destination of motion, often translated as 'to the earth' or 'into the land' depending on the context and accompanying prepositions. It can refer to the planet, a specific territory, or the soil itself.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΓΕΑ
G2281
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: tha-LAS-san
Translations: sea, a sea
Notes: This word refers to a large body of salt water, such as an ocean or a large lake. It is commonly used to describe the sea as a physical location or as a powerful natural force. In sentences, it often appears as the direct object of a verb, indicating something done to or with the sea.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΩΚΕΑΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word 'thalassa' is of pre-Greek, Mediterranean origin, likely borrowed into Greek from an earlier language spoken in the Aegean region. It is not derived from Proto-Indo-European roots.
G3367
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: may-DEH-nee
Translations: to no one, to nothing, for no one, for nothing, by no one, by nothing, with no one, with nothing, in no one, in nothing
Notes: This word is an indefinite negative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'no one' or 'nothing'. It is used to express a complete absence or negation of something or someone. It is often used in prohibitions or to state that something is not done by anyone or to anything. As a pronoun, it stands in place of a noun, and as an adjective, it modifies a noun. It is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΜΗ (mē, 'not') and ΕΙΣ (heis, 'one').
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΙΣ, ΟΥΔΕΝΙ
G2133
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: yoo-noh-AY-seen
Translations: to be well-disposed, to be favorable, to be kindly, to show good will
Notes: This word means to be well-disposed, to be favorable, or to show good will towards someone or something. It is often used to describe a positive attitude or intention. It is a compound word formed from the Greek prefix εὖ (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good', and νοέω (noeo), meaning 'to perceive, to think, to understand'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΥ̓ΦΡΟΝΕΩ, ΕΥ̓ΔΟΚΕΩ
Etymology: The word ΕΥ̓ΝΟΕΩ is derived from εὖ (eu), meaning 'well' or 'good', and νοῦς (nous), meaning 'mind' or 'intellect'. It signifies having a good mind or good intentions towards someone.
G246
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: al-LO-foo-loh
Translations: of another tribe, of another nation, of foreigners, of aliens, of Philistines
Notes: This word is a compound word derived from 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other', and 'φυλή' (phylē), meaning 'tribe' or 'nation'. It refers to someone belonging to a different tribe, nation, or race, often implying a foreigner or an alien. In a specific biblical context, it can refer to the Philistines, who were considered foreigners by the Israelites. It is used to describe people who are not part of one's own group or people.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΞΕΝΟΣ, ΕΘΝΙΚΟΣ
G3122
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: MA-lis-TA
Translations: especially, most, indeed, yes, certainly, above all
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'especially,' 'most,' or 'above all.' It is often used to emphasize a particular point or item in a list. It can also be used as a strong affirmation, meaning 'yes,' 'certainly,' or 'indeed.'
Inflection: Superlative form of ΜΑΛΑ; Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΩΣ
Etymology: From the adverb ΜΑΛΑ (mala), meaning 'very' or 'much.' ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ is its superlative form, indicating 'most' or 'very much so.'
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G1672
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: EL-lay-sin
Translations: to Greeks, for Greeks, by Greeks
Notes: This word refers to Greeks or Hellenes. It is used in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of a verb or the recipient of an action, often translated with 'to', 'for', or 'by'. It can refer to people of Greek descent, or more broadly, to those who adopted Greek language and culture, regardless of their ethnic origin.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΛΛΑΔΙ, ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟΙΣ
G1163
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-DEH-ee
Translations: it was necessary, it had to be, it behooved, one had to
Notes: This is an impersonal verb meaning 'it was necessary' or 'it had to be'. It describes something that was obligatory, proper, or destined to happen. It is often used to express a divine or moral necessity, or what was fitting or appropriate in a given situation. It typically takes an infinitive or a clause as its subject.
Inflection: Impersonal, Aorist, Indicative, Active
Etymology: The word ΔΕΙ (dei) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *deh₁- meaning 'to put, to place'. In Greek, it developed the sense of 'it is necessary' or 'it is binding'.
G2680
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: kah-tah-psef-DOH-meh-non
Translations: lying against, falsely accusing, slandering, bearing false witness
Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against', and 'ψεύδομαι' (pseudomai), meaning 'to lie' or 'to deceive'. Therefore, it means 'to lie against someone' or 'to falsely accuse'. It describes the act of making false statements with the intent to harm or defame another person. It is used to describe someone who is actively engaged in the act of slandering or bearing false witness.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Participle, Nominative or Accusative, Singular, Neuter
Synonyms: ΨΕΥΔΟΜΑΙ, ΔΙΑΒΑΛΛΩ, ΣΥΚΟΦΑΝΤΕΩ
G0530
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: AH-pax
Translations: once, once for all, at once, together, all at once
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'once' or 'once for all'. It emphasizes a single, decisive action that is completed and not to be repeated. It can also mean 'at once' or 'together' in certain contexts, indicating simultaneity.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΟΝΟΝ, ΕΦΑΠΑΞ
Etymology: From the Greek prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'one' or 'single', and πήγνυμι (pēgnumi), meaning 'to fix' or 'to make firm'. It conveys the idea of something being fixed or done 'once and for all'.
G2036
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ay-PINE
Translations: to say, to speak, to tell
Notes: This word is an aorist infinitive verb meaning 'to say', 'to speak', or 'to tell'. It is used to express the action of speaking or communicating something, often in a general sense without specifying the subject or object of the action. It can be used in various constructions, such as after verbs of commanding or desiring, or to express purpose.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΕΙΝ, ΛΑΛΕΙΝ, ΦΑΝΑΙ
Etymology: ΕἸΠΕΙΝ is the aorist infinitive of the verb ΕἸΠΩ, which is a suppletive aorist form used with the present tense verbs ΛΕΓΩ and ΦΗΜΙ. Its origin traces back to Proto-Indo-European roots related to speaking or declaring.
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral
Sounds like: DEL-tah
Translations: Delta, four, 4
Notes: Δ (Delta) is the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the Greek numeral system, it represents the number four. It is also used as a symbol in various contexts, including mathematics and science, though its primary function in Koine Greek texts is as a letter or a numeral.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The Greek letter Delta is derived from the Phoenician letter Dalet, which means 'door'.
G0007
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ai-GYP-tee-oys
Translations: (to) Egyptians, (for) Egyptians
Notes: This word refers to people from Egypt. It is used here in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, meaning 'to' or 'for' the Egyptians. It can function as an adjective describing something as Egyptian, or as a noun referring to the people themselves.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Etymology: From ΑἼΓΥΠΤΟΣ (Aigyptos), meaning 'Egypt'.
G3779
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OO-tohs
Translations: thus, so, in this way, in such a way
Notes: This adverb indicates manner or degree, meaning 'in this way,' 'thus,' or 'so.' It can refer back to something previously mentioned or forward to something about to be stated. It often introduces a consequence or result, showing how something is done or to what extent.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΩΣ
Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (OUTOS), meaning 'this' or 'that'.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G0302
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: AHN
Translations: if, ever, might, would, should
Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: ex
Translations: out of, from, of, by, with
Notes: ἘΞ is a preposition that signifies origin, separation, or source. It always governs the genitive case. It can denote movement 'out of' a place, 'from' a point in time or a source, 'of' a material or composition, or 'by' an agent. It often implies a complete separation or a clear point of departure.
Inflection: Does not inflect; always takes the genitive case.
Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΕΚ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with Latin ex and English out.
G0746
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ar-KHEES
Translations: of beginning, of rule, of origin, of first place, of first principle, of chief, of ruler
Notes: This word refers to a beginning, origin, or the first in a series. It can also denote a position of authority, rule, or a ruler. In a sentence, it often indicates the source or starting point of something, or the person/thing in charge. It is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ἀρχή'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΡΩΤΟΣ, ΚΕΦΑΛΗ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOO
Translations: (of) him, his, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun. In this genitive singular form, it typically means 'of him,' 'his,' 'of it,' or 'its,' indicating possession or origin. It can refer to a male person or a neuter object/concept.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ (autos) is of uncertain origin, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'self'. It is an ancient Greek word that has been in continuous use.
G4111
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PLAS-ma-sin
Translations: (to) a thing formed, (to) a molded thing, (to) a created thing, (to) a fabrication, (to) a fiction, (to) a lie
Notes: This word refers to something that has been formed, molded, or created. It can also refer to a fabrication, a fiction, or a lie, implying something that is not real or true, but rather made up or invented. It is used in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΜΥΘΟΙ, ΨΕΥΔΗ, ΔΟΛΟΙ
Etymology: From the Greek verb πλάσσω (plassō), meaning 'to mold' or 'to form'.
G0719
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: heer-MOT-ten
Translations: it was fitting, it was suitable, it was proper, it was adapted, it was joined
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'harmozō' or 'harmottō', meaning 'to fit, to suit, to join, to adapt'. In this form, it describes something that was fitting, suitable, or proper in the past. It implies a sense of appropriateness or alignment.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΡΕΠΕΙ, ΕΠΙΤΗΔΕΙΟΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
G1487
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: eye-PER
Translations: if indeed, if perhaps, since, seeing that
Notes: This word is a compound conjunction formed from εἰ (if) and περ (indeed, very). It is used to introduce a conditional clause, often implying that the condition is true or likely to be true, or to emphasize the certainty of the condition. It can also convey a sense of 'since' or 'seeing that' when the condition is presented as a known fact.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕἸ, ἘΑΝ
Etymology: From the Greek conjunction εἰ (if) and the particle περ (indeed, very).
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: AY-sahn
Translations: they were, were
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'to be'. It indicates an action or state that was ongoing or habitual in the past, referring to a plural subject. It functions similarly to 'were' in English, describing the state or existence of multiple entities in a past context.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Indicative, Active
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G0004
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: ai-GYP-tee-ohn
Translations: of Egyptians, of the Egyptians, Egyptian
Notes: This word refers to something or someone belonging to Egypt or the Egyptians. It is often used to describe people from Egypt or things associated with that country. It is a genitive plural form, indicating possession or origin from multiple Egyptians.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine
Etymology: From ΑἼΓΥΠΤΟΣ (Aigyptos), meaning 'Egypt'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G4773
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
Sounds like: syng-ge-NON
Translations: (of) relatives, (of) kinsmen, (of) kinsfolk
Notes: This word refers to those who are related by birth, such as relatives, kinsmen, or kinsfolk. It is used to describe people who share a common ancestry or family connection. In the provided examples, it is used in the genitive plural, indicating possession or relationship, such as 'of relatives' or 'among relatives'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΕΝΕΙΣ, ΣΥΓΓΕΝΩΝ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection
Sounds like: OY
Translations: the, who, they, oh
Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.
Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.
G3962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PAH-teh-res
Translations: fathers, parents, ancestors
Notes: This word refers to male parents, or more broadly, to ancestors or forefathers. It can also be used in a spiritual sense to refer to spiritual leaders or founders. In a sentence, it would typically function as the subject or direct address.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΓΟΝΟΙ, ΓΟΝΕΙΣ
Etymology: The word 'ΠΑΤΗΡ' comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'father'. It is a very ancient word found across many Indo-European languages.
G3780
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OOKH-ee
Translations: no, not at all, by no means, certainly not
Notes: This word is a strong negative adverb, meaning 'no' or 'not at all'. It is used to express a definite and emphatic denial, often in response to a question or to strongly contradict a statement. It is a more emphatic form of the negative particle οὐ (ou).
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΜΗ
Etymology: From οὐ (ou), meaning 'not', and the enclitic particle -χι (-chi), which adds emphasis. It is a more emphatic form of the simple negative particle.
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G4189
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: po-nee-REE-an
Translations: wickedness, evil, malice, mischief, a wickedness, an evil
Notes: This word refers to the state or quality of being wicked or evil. It denotes moral depravity, malice, or mischievousness. It can be used to describe actions, intentions, or a general disposition towards evil.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΙΑ, ΦΑΥΛΟΤΗΣ
G0243
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Part of Speech: Prefix
Sounds like: ALL
Translations: other, another, different, foreign
Notes: This is a prefix form of the word 'ἄλλος' (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'. It is used to form compound words that convey the idea of something being different, foreign, or belonging to another group. For example, 'ἀλλογενῶν' means 'of other races', 'ἀλλότριοι' means 'strangers' or 'foreigners', and 'ἀλλόφυλους' means 'foreigners' or 'of another tribe'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix)
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEE
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to
Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.
G4875
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: sym-fo-RAIS
Translations: misfortune, calamity, disaster, an event, an occurrence
Notes: This word refers to an unfortunate event, a calamity, or a disaster. It can also refer more broadly to an event or occurrence, especially one that happens by chance. It is often used in the plural to describe multiple misfortunes or troubles.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΙΑ, ΠΑΘΟΣ, ΣΥΜΠΤΩΜΑ
G1544
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eks-eh-LAY-lah-meh-noy
Translations: cast out, driven out, expelled, banished
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been cast out' or 'having been driven out'. It describes someone or something that has undergone the action of being expelled or banished. It is often used to describe people who have been exiled or removed from a place.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Perfect, Passive, Participle
Synonyms: ΕΚΔΙΩΚΩ, ΕΞΩΘΕΩ
Etymology: The word ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ (ekballō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ΕΚ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ΒΑΛΛΩ (ballō), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast'.
G1672
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: el-LAY-nohn
Translations: of the Greeks, Greeks
Notes: This word refers to people of Greek origin, culture, or language. It is used to distinguish them from other ethnic groups, such as Jews or Romans. In a sentence, it would typically be used to indicate possession or origin, as in 'the customs of the Greeks' or 'the land of the Greeks'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine
Etymology: From an unknown root, possibly related to 'Ἑλλάς' (Hellas), referring to Greece. It denotes a person from Greece or of Greek descent.
G4119
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Adverb
Sounds like: PLEH-on
Translations: more, a greater amount, a greater number, further, moreover, besides
Notes: This word signifies 'more' or 'greater' and can function as both an adjective and an adverb. As an adjective, it describes a larger quantity or degree of something. As an adverb, it indicates an increase in action or extent, often translated as 'further' or 'moreover'. It is the neuter singular form of the adjective 'πλέων'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative (as an adjective); Does not inflect (as an adverb)
Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΟΝ, ΜΑΛΛΟΝ
Etymology: The word 'πλέων' (pleōn) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to fill' or 'full'. It is related to words signifying abundance or completion.
G5117
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TOH-poys
Translations: to places, in places, at places, in the places, at the places
Notes: This word refers to a place, location, or region. In its dative plural form, as 'ΤΟΠΟΙΣ', it indicates 'to', 'in', or 'at' multiple places or locations. It is commonly used to specify the setting or area where an action occurs.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑΙΣ, ΤΟΠΟΙ
G2228, G3588
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Definite Article, Numeral
Sounds like: AY
Translations: or, the, 8
Notes: This word can function as a conjunction meaning 'or', indicating an alternative or choice between two or more options. It can also be the feminine nominative singular form of the definite article 'the', used to specify a feminine noun that is the subject of a sentence. The '̓' (coronis) indicates that this form is an elision, meaning it's a shortened form of a word like ἤ (e.g., when followed by a vowel). Additionally, the '̓' could be a keraia, indicating the numeral 8.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as conjunction or numeral); Singular, Nominative, Feminine (as definite article)
Etymology: The conjunction ἤ (e.g., from which Ἠ is an elision) is of uncertain origin. The definite article ἡ (from which Ἠ is an elision) comes from Proto-Indo-European. The numeral meaning is derived from the Greek letter eta (Η), which was used to represent the number 8.
G1904
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: eh-pee-TAY-dehv-mah-sin
Translations: practices, pursuits, customs, habits, ways, deeds
Notes: This word refers to practices, pursuits, or customs that one engages in, often implying a habitual or characteristic way of acting. It can describe a person's general conduct, habits, or the specific activities they are involved in. It is a compound word derived from ἐπιτηδεύω (epitēdeuō), meaning 'to pursue, practice'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑ, ΠΡΑΞΕΙΣ, ΗΘΗ
G0868
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-fes-TAY-kah-men
Translations: we have departed, we have withdrawn, we have stood away, we have revolted, we have apostatized
Notes: This word is a compound verb meaning to stand away from, depart, withdraw, or revolt. It describes an action of separation, either physically moving away from something or someone, or metaphorically separating oneself through disloyalty or rebellion. It is used to indicate a completed action with ongoing results.
Inflection: First Person Plural, Perfect Indicative Active
Synonyms: ΑΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ, ΑΠΟΒΑΙΝΩ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπό (apo, 'from, away from') and ἵστημι (histēmi, 'to stand'). It literally means 'to stand away from'.
G5620
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: HOH-steh
Translations: so that, in order that, consequently, therefore, with the result that
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause of result or purpose. It indicates that what follows is a consequence or the intended outcome of what was previously stated. It can also introduce an infinitive clause to express result.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΔΙΟ
Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs), meaning 'as' or 'how', combined with the particle τε (te), meaning 'and' or 'also'. It developed to express result or consequence.
G3367
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: may-deh-MEE-ahn
Translations: no, not one, none, not any, (not) a single
Notes: This word is a compound negative adjective or pronoun, meaning 'no one', 'nothing', or 'not any'. It is used to emphasize the complete absence of something, often in a prohibitive or conditional context. It combines the negative particle 'μη' (mē) with 'εἷς' (heis), meaning 'one'.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΙΣ, ΟΥΔΕΝ
Etymology: The word ΜΗΔΕΙΣ is a compound of the negative particle μή (mē), meaning 'not', and εἷς (heis), meaning 'one'. It developed in ancient Greek to express a strong, subjective negation of 'one' or 'any', particularly in contexts of prohibition or potentiality.
G2254
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: HEE-meen
Translations: (to) us, (for) us, us
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the first-person plural pronoun 'we'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, meaning 'to us' or 'for us'. It can also signify possession or benefit/detriment for 'us'. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He gave the book to us' or 'This is good for us'.
Inflection: First Person, Plural, Dative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to the first-person plural pronoun in other Indo-European languages.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-nah-ee
Translations: to be, to exist, to happen, to become
Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'to be'. It expresses existence, identity, or a state of being. It can also be used to indicate purpose or result, especially when preceded by the genitive article 'τοῦ' (tou), in which case it can be translated as 'in order to be' or 'for the purpose of being'.
Inflection: Infinitive, Present, Active. Does not inflect for person, number, gender, or case.
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOOS
Translations: them, themselves, these, those
Notes: This word is the masculine accusative plural form of the pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos). It is used to refer to a group of male or mixed-gender individuals as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition. It can mean 'them' or, when used emphatically, 'themselves'.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
G2189
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: EKH-thran
Translations: enmity, hatred, hostility, a hatred
Notes: This word refers to a state of deep-seated hostility, animosity, or hatred. It describes a condition of being an enemy or having an adversarial relationship with someone or something. It is often used to describe a strong, active dislike or opposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΜΙΣΟΣ, ἈΝΤΙΘΕΣΙΣ
Etymology: This word comes from the Greek word ἔχθρος (echthros), meaning 'hated' or 'hostile', which itself is derived from a root meaning 'to hate'.
G3366
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: MEE-deh
Translations: neither, nor, not even, and not
Notes: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word formed from the negative particle μή (mē, 'not') and the conjunction δέ (de, 'but, and'). It is used to introduce a negative clause, often following another negative clause, conveying the sense of 'neither...nor' or 'not even'. It is primarily used with non-indicative moods, such as the imperative or subjunctive, to express prohibitions or negative conditions.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕ
Etymology: ΜΗΔΕ is a compound word derived from the negative particle μή (mē), meaning 'not', and the postpositive conjunction δέ (de), meaning 'but' or 'and'.
G2205
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: zay-loh-too-PEE-an
Translations: jealousy, envy, a jealousy, an envy
Notes: This word refers to a strong feeling of jealousy or envy, often with a negative connotation, implying a zealous or passionate rivalry. It can describe a possessive or suspicious attitude, particularly in romantic relationships, or a competitive spirit that leads to resentment.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΦΘΟΝΟΣ, ΕΡΙΣ
G3588, G1727
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Noun
Sounds like: too-NAN-tee-on
Translations: on the contrary, the opposite, a contrary thing
Notes: This word is a crasis (a contraction of two words into one) of the definite article 'ΤΟ' (the) and the adjective 'ἘΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ' (opposite, contrary). It functions as an adverbial phrase meaning 'on the contrary' or 'on the other hand', or as a noun meaning 'the opposite' or 'a contrary thing'. It is used to introduce a contrasting idea or to refer to the opposing side of something.
Inflection: Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative (from the crasis of the definite article ΤΟ and the adjective ἘΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ)
Synonyms: ἈΛΛΑ, ἈΝΤΙ
G3305
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN-toy
Translations: however, certainly, indeed, nevertheless, yet, truly
Notes: ΜΕΝΤΟΙ is a particle used to introduce a strong contrast or to emphasize a statement. It often means 'however' or 'nevertheless' when introducing a contrasting idea, or 'certainly' or 'indeed' when adding emphasis to a preceding statement. It can be used to affirm something strongly or to mark a transition to a more important or contrasting point.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑ, ΔΕ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: From the particle μέν (men) meaning 'on the one hand' or 'indeed', and τοι (toi) meaning 'surely' or 'indeed'. It combines these elements to form a stronger emphatic or adversative particle.
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pol-LOY
Translations: many, much, a lot of
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'many' or 'much'. It is used to describe a large quantity or number of something. For example, it can be used to say 'many people' or 'much time'. It often appears in the plural form to indicate a multitude.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΙΚΑΝΟΙ, ΠΛΕΙΟΝΕΣ
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: pa-RAH
Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a
Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, of themselves
Notes: This word is a pronoun indicating possession or relation, specifically for a group of people or things. It is used to mean 'of them' or 'their', often referring back to a previously mentioned plural noun or pronoun.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
G1519
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EES
Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward
Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G2251
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: hay-MEH-teh-roos
Translations: our, ours
Notes: This word is a possessive adjective meaning 'our' or 'ours'. It indicates possession by the first person plural ('we'). It is used to describe something that belongs to or is associated with 'us'. For example, it could be used in a phrase like 'our houses' or 'our people'.
Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative
Etymology: The word Ἡμέτερος (hēméteros) is derived from the first person plural pronoun ἡμεῖς (hēmeis), meaning 'we'. It is an adjective formed to express possession related to 'us'.
G3551
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: noh-MOOS
Translations: laws, a law
Notes: This word refers to a law, custom, or principle. It is often used in the plural to refer to a body of laws, such as the Mosaic Law. In this form, it is used as the direct object of a verb or preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative
Synonyms: ΘΕΣΜΟΣ, ΔΙΚΑΙΩΜΑ, ΕΝΤΟΛΗ
G4819
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: soon-eh-BEE-san
Translations: they happened, they occurred, they came to pass, they befell
Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and the verb 'βαίνω' (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step.' Together, it means 'to go together,' 'to come together,' or 'to happen.' It describes events or circumstances that occur or come to pass, often implying a coincidence or a natural progression of events. It can be used to describe things that happen to someone or something.
Inflection: 3rd Person Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Active
Synonyms: ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΕΠΙΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΕΩ
Etymology: The word ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ is a compound of the preposition ΣΥΝ (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together,' and the verb ΒΑΙΝΩ (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step.'
G1525
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ice-EL-thain
Translations: to enter, to go in, to come in
Notes: This word is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'to enter' or 'to go in'. It describes the action of moving into a place or situation. It is often used to indicate the commencement of an action or the arrival at a destination.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕἸΣΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΕἸΣΒΑΙΝΩ
Etymology: The word ΕἸΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕἸΣ (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the verb ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'.
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TI-nes
Translations: some, certain ones, who, what
Notes: This word is an indefinite pronoun meaning 'some' or 'certain ones'. It can also function as an interrogative pronoun, asking 'who?' or 'what?' in the plural. Its meaning often depends on the context of the sentence.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G3306
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-NEH-mee-nan
Translations: they remained, they abode, they stayed, they endured
Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'menō'. It means 'to remain', 'to abide', 'to stay', or 'to endure'. It describes an action completed in the past, indicating that a group of people or things continued to be in a certain place or state.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ἘΜΕΙΝΑΝ, ΚΑΤΕΜΕΙΝΑΝ, ΠΑΡΕΜΕΙΝΑΝ
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-see
Translations: they are
Notes: This word is the third person plural present indicative form of the verb 'to be'. It is used to state existence or to link a subject to a predicate, indicating what the subject is or what quality it possesses. For example, 'they are good' or 'they are people'.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Present, Indicative
Synonyms: ΥΠΑΡΧΟΥΣΙΝ, ΓΙΝΟΝΤΑΙ
G2905
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: kar-te-REE-an
Translations: endurance, perseverance, steadfastness, fortitude, a steadfastness, an endurance
Notes: This word refers to the quality of enduring or persevering through difficult circumstances. It implies a steadfastness and fortitude in the face of challenges, often with a sense of patience and resilience. It can be used to describe someone who remains firm in their purpose or faith despite opposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΥΠΟΜΟΝΗ, ΑΝΔΡΕΙΑ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OOKH
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle, meaning "not" or "no." It is used to negate statements of fact or reality. It is a variant of οὐ (ou) and οὐκ (ouk), specifically used before words that begin with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂u- (negative particle). It is related to other negative particles in various Indo-European languages.
G5278
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: hoo-po-MEH-nan-tes
Translations: having endured, having persevered, having remained, having stood firm, having waited patiently
Notes: This word is a compound participle derived from the verb ὑπομένω (hypomenō). It describes an action of enduring, persevering, or remaining under something, often implying steadfastness in the face of difficulty or opposition. It is used to describe those who have already completed the action of enduring or persevering. The word combines ὑπό (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'beneath', and μένω (menō), meaning 'to remain' or 'to abide'.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
Synonyms: ΚΑΡΤΕΡΕΩ, ΑΝΤΕΧΩ, ΠΡΟΣΚΑΡΤΕΡΕΩ
G3825
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: PAH-lin
Translations: again, back, anew, once more, on the other hand, moreover, in turn
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'again' or 'back'. It is used to indicate a repetition of an action or a return to a previous state or place. It can also be used to introduce a contrasting idea, similar to 'on the other hand' or 'moreover'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΥΘΙΣ, ΕΤΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kwel- (to turn, revolve). It refers to a turning back or repetition.
G0868
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-pes-TAY-san
Translations: they departed, they withdrew, they stood away, they revolted, they fell away
Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb meaning 'to stand off from', 'to depart', 'to withdraw', or 'to revolt'. It describes an action of separation or defection that occurred in the past. It can be used to describe physical departure or a spiritual or political falling away.
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ἈΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ἈΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ, ἈΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπό (apo, "from") and ἵστημι (histēmi, "to stand"), literally meaning "to stand from" or "to stand off".
G3778
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TOO-tone
Translations: of these, of them
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'these'. It is used to indicate possession or relationship, often translated as 'of these' or 'of them', referring to things or people previously mentioned or understood from context. It can refer to masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΩΝ
G3762
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: oo-DACE
Translations: no one, nobody, nothing, none, no
Notes: This word is a compound negative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'no one,' 'nobody,' 'nothing,' or 'no.' It is formed from the negative particle 'οὐ' (not), the connective particle 'δέ' (but, and), and the numeral 'εἷς' (one). It is used to express absolute negation, indicating the complete absence of something or someone. When used as an adjective, it modifies a noun to mean 'no' or 'not any.'
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΔΕΝ, ΜΗΔΕΙΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΥ̓ΔΕΙΣ is a compound of the negative particle ΟΥ̓ (not), the connective particle ΔΕ (but, and), and the numeral ΕΙΣ (one). It literally means 'not even one' or 'not one at all,' emphasizing a complete negation.
G4455
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: POH-po-teh
Translations: ever, at any time, at any point, never (when used with a negative)
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'ever' or 'at any time'. It is often used in conjunction with a negative particle (like οὐ or μή) to form the meaning 'never' or 'not ever'. For example, 'οὐ πώποτε' means 'never'. It emphasizes the temporal aspect of an action or state.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΟΤΕ, ΠΩΣ
Etymology: This word is a compound adverb formed from the interrogative/indefinite adverb πῶ (pō, 'how, in any way') and the indefinite adverb ποτέ (poté, 'at some time, ever'). The combination emphasizes the 'ever' aspect.
G2036
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: EYE-pen
Translations: he said, she said, it said
Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'to say' or 'to speak'. It describes an action that occurred in the past, completed at a specific point in time. It is commonly used to introduce direct speech or to report what someone said.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΛΕΓΩ, ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ
G191
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-KOO-sai
Translations: to hear, to listen, to understand
Notes: This is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb 'to hear'. It signifies the action of hearing or listening, often implying a completed or simple act of hearing, without emphasis on the duration of the action. It can also mean to understand or perceive through hearing.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΧΕΙΝ, ἘΝΩΤΙΖΕΣΘΑΙ
G3660
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: oh-MOH-mohs-meh-non
Translations: sworn, having been sworn, a sworn thing
Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb 'to swear' or 'to take an oath'. It describes something that has been sworn or affirmed by an oath. It is often used to refer to an oath itself, or something that is guaranteed by an oath.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Perfect, Passive
Synonyms: ΟΡΚΙΣΘΕΝ, ΒΕΒΑΙΩΘΕΝ
Etymology: The word ὄμνυμι (omnymi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃emh₁- ('to swear').
G0235
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: AL-lah
Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed
Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.
G3441
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: MOH-nos
Translations: only, alone, single, a single one
Notes: This word describes something as being unique, solitary, or singular. It emphasizes exclusivity, meaning 'one and no other'. It can be used to describe a person, object, or concept that stands by itself or is the sole instance of something. For example, it can refer to someone being 'alone' or 'the only one' of a kind.
Inflection: Masculine, Nominative, Singular. This word inflects for gender, number, and case (e.g., feminine ΜΟΝΗ, neuter ΜΟΝΟΝ, plural ΜΟΝΟΙ).
Synonyms: ΜΟΝΟΓΕΝΗΣ, ΕΙΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *mon- (to remain, stay). It is related to the idea of being fixed or standing alone.
G0001
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-pee-OHN
Translations: pear, a pear
Notes: This word refers to a pear or a pear tree. It is used to describe something related to pears, such as the fruit itself or the tree it grows on. In the provided context, it appears to be used in a genitive plural form, possibly referring to 'pear trees' or 'pears'.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine; or Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Etymology: The word is derived from the Greek word for pear. It is the root form of the word.
G1503
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-OY-ken
Translations: it seems, it is like, it resembles, it is fitting, it is proper
Notes: This verb is often used impersonally, meaning 'it seems' or 'it is fitting'. It can describe something that appears to be a certain way, or something that is appropriate or suitable. It is frequently found with the particle 'ὡς' (hōs), meaning 'as it seems' or 'as is fitting'.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΔΟΚΕΙ, ΦΑΙΝΕΤΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *woyk- 'to be like, resemble'. In Greek, it is a perfect tense form used with present meaning, related to the root of ἔοικα.
G191
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ee-KOO-sen
Translations: he heard, she heard, it heard
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to hear' or 'to listen'. It is used to describe the action of perceiving sound with the ears. In this form, it indicates that a single person or thing performed the action of hearing in the past.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ, ΥΠΑΚΟΥΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TOS
Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very
Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G4937
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: soon-THEYS
Translations: having put together, having agreed, having composed, having arranged, having made a covenant
Notes: ΣΥΝΘΕΙΣ is the aorist active participle (masculine, nominative, singular) of the verb ΣΥΝΤΙΘΗΜΙ. This compound verb means 'to put together,' 'to agree,' 'to compose,' or 'to arrange.' It is often used in the sense of making an agreement or covenant, or of composing something like a speech or a plan. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action completed in the past by the subject of the main verb.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Singular, Masculine, Nominative
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΤΑΣΣΩ, ΣΥΜΦΩΝΩ, ΣΥΝΤΙΘΕΜΑΙ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: him, it, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun, typically meaning 'him' or 'it' when used as a personal pronoun. It can also be used intensively to mean 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject or object. It refers to a previously mentioned male person or a neuter object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter
G2258
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: HAYN
Translations: was, he was, she was, it was
Notes: This word is the imperfect indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It describes a continuous or ongoing state or action in the past. It can be translated as 'was', 'he was', 'she was', or 'it was', depending on the subject implied by the context. It is often used to set the scene or describe background information in a narrative.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active Voice, 3rd Person Singular
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