Home / Interlinears (Beta) / Josephus' Against Apion / Book Two / Chapter 34Book Two, Chapter 34
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G1899
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: EYE-tah
Translations: then, next, afterward, moreover, besides, also
Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate sequence in time or logic. It can mean 'then' or 'next' when referring to a subsequent event or action. It can also be used to introduce an additional point, meaning 'furthermore' or 'besides'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἘΠΕΙΤΑ, ἘΠΕΙ
Etymology: From the Koine Greek word ἘΠΕΙ (epei), meaning 'when, since'.
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: loo-SEE-ma-khee
Translations: Lysimachi
Notes: This word refers to multiple individuals named Lysimachus. It is a proper name, often found in historical texts, referring to a person or persons who bear this name. In this form, it would be used as the subject of a sentence or in direct address.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Etymology: The name Lysimachus is of Greek origin, derived from the elements 'λύσις' (lysis), meaning 'a freeing' or 'release', and 'μάχη' (machē), meaning 'battle' or 'fight'. Thus, it can be interpreted as 'freer of battles' or 'one who ends strife'.
G2532
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb
Sounds like: kahee
Translations: and, also, even, but, then
Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.
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Part of Speech: Proper Noun
Sounds like: moh-LOH-nes
Translations: Molones
Notes: This word refers to 'Molones', a proper noun, likely the name of a person or a group of people. In the provided context, it appears alongside 'Lysimachoi' and 'other writers', suggesting it refers to a historical figure or a school of thought/group of writers named Molones. It is the plural form of Molon.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: The name 'Molon' is of Greek origin. It is known as the name of a satrap of the Seleucid Empire and also appears in other historical contexts.
G5108
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: toy-OO-toy
Translations: such, such a one, of such a kind
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'such' or 'of such a kind'. It is used to describe something that is of the nature or quality previously mentioned or implied. It can refer to people or things, indicating their character, quality, or type. For example, it might be used to say 'such people' or 'things of this kind'.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΤΟΙΟΣΔΕ, ΤΟΣΟΣΔΕ
G5100
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: TI-nes
Translations: some, certain ones, who, what
Notes: This word is an indefinite pronoun meaning 'some' or 'certain ones'. It can also function as an interrogative pronoun, asking 'who?' or 'what?' in the plural. Its meaning often depends on the context of the sentence.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine or Feminine
G0243
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: AL-loy
Translations: others, some others, different ones
Notes: This word refers to other people or things, distinct from those already mentioned or implied. It is used to indicate a difference or distinction between entities. For example, it can be used to say 'some others' or 'different ones' in a sentence.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine; or Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΟΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *alyos, meaning 'other, another'. It is related to Latin alius and English else.
G4860
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: soong-grah-FESS
Translations: writers, authors
Notes: This word refers to individuals who write or compose texts, such as authors or historians. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'γράφω' (grapho), meaning 'to write'. It is used to describe those who compile or record information.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΟΙΗΤΑΙ, ΛΟΓΟΓΡΑΦΟΙ
G0096
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ah-DOH-kee-moy
Translations: disapproved, rejected, worthless, reprobate, unapproved, not standing the test
Notes: This word describes something or someone that has been tested and found to be lacking or unworthy. It implies a failure to meet a standard or pass a trial, resulting in rejection or disqualification. It can refer to people who are morally corrupt or things that are counterfeit or useless.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine or Feminine
Synonyms: ΑΧΡΕΙΟΣ, ΑΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ, ΑΚΑΡΠΟΣ
Etymology: The word is a compound of the negative prefix 'α-' (a-, meaning 'not' or 'without') and 'δόκιμος' (dokimos), which means 'approved' or 'tested'. Thus, it literally means 'not approved' or 'not tested and found worthy'.
G4680
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: so-fee-STA-ee
Translations: sophists, wise men, teachers, professors
Notes: This word refers to sophists, who were originally wise men or teachers, particularly in ancient Greece. They were known for their rhetorical skills and their ability to argue any side of an issue, often for payment. Over time, the term could also carry a negative connotation, implying someone who uses clever but fallacious arguments.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΟΙ, ΣΟΦΟΙ
G3371
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: my-RAH-kee-ohn
Translations: of young men, of youths, of boys
Notes: This word refers to young men, youths, or boys, typically those who are past childhood but not yet fully adult. It is used to describe a group of young males. It is the genitive plural form of the noun, indicating possession or origin, often translated with 'of'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΝΕΑΝΙΩΝ, ΠΑΙΔΩΝ
G0538
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-pah-TEH-oh-nes
Translations: deceivers, impostors, swindlers, charlatans
Notes: This word refers to individuals who deceive, defraud, or mislead others. It describes someone who is a trickster or an impostor, often for personal gain or to manipulate a situation. It is used to characterize people who are dishonest and untrustworthy in their dealings.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΛΑΝΟΙ, ΓΟΗΤΕΣ, ΨΕΥΔΟΠΡΟΦΗΤΑΙ
G5613
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition
Sounds like: OHS
Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that
Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.
G3849
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: PAH-noo
Translations: very, exceedingly, altogether, quite, entirely, completely
Notes: This word is an adverb used to intensify the meaning of an adjective or another adverb. It conveys a sense of completeness or high degree, similar to 'very' or 'exceedingly' in English. It can be used to emphasize the extent or quality of something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΛΙΑΝ, ΣΦΟΔΡΑ, ΜΑΛΑ
Etymology: From the root ΠΑΣ (PAS), meaning 'all' or 'every'. It developed into an adverb indicating 'altogether' or 'completely'.
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: HAY-mas
Translations: us
Notes: This word is the first-person plural pronoun 'we' in the accusative case. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, meaning 'us'. For example, 'He saw us' or 'They spoke to us'.
Inflection: First-person, Plural, Accusative
G5337
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: fah-oo-LOH-tah-toos
Translations: most worthless, most base, most vile, most evil, most bad
Notes: This word is the superlative form of the adjective 'phaulos', meaning 'worthless' or 'base'. It describes something or someone as being of the absolute lowest quality, most contemptible, or most morally corrupt. It is used to emphasize extreme negativity or inferiority.
Inflection: Masculine, Accusative, Plural, Superlative
Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΟΤΑΤΟΥΣ, ΚΑΚΙΣΤΟΥΣ, ΑΣΕΒΕΣΤΑΤΟΥΣ
Etymology: The word 'phaulos' (from which 'phaulotatous' is derived) is of uncertain origin, possibly related to 'phaulon' meaning 'light' or 'trifling'. It evolved to describe something as insignificant, then poor, and eventually morally bad or worthless.
G0444
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ahn-throh-POHN
Translations: (of) men, (of) people, (of) humankind
Notes: ἈΝΘΡΩΠΩΝ is the genitive plural form of the noun ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ, which means 'man', 'human being', or 'person'. This form is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship, translating to 'of men' or 'of people'. It refers to human beings in general, often distinguishing them from God or other creatures.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΡΟΤΟΣ, ΛΑΟΣ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek, likely a compound of ἀνήρ (anēr, 'man') and ὤψ (ōps, 'face, eye'), possibly meaning 'one who looks up' or 'one with a human face'.
G3058
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: loy-do-ROO-sin
Translations: they revile, they insult, they abuse, they rail at
Notes: This word describes the action of speaking abusively or insultingly to someone. It implies a strong verbal attack, often involving reproach or slander. It is typically used in sentences where a group of people are the subject performing the action of reviling.
Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Plural
Synonyms: ΒΛΑΣΦΗΜΕΩ, ΥΒΡΙΖΩ
G1473
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-GOH
Translations: I, me
Notes: ἘΓΩ is the first-person singular personal pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning "I" or "me." It refers to the speaker and functions primarily as the subject of a sentence. While the first-person singular verb ending often makes the pronoun redundant, ἘΓΩ is frequently used for emphasis, similar to saying "I myself" or "even I" in English. It can also be used to clarify the subject when multiple individuals are involved.
Inflection: First Person, Singular, Nominative
Etymology: This word is an ancient pronoun, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared linguistic heritage.
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Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral
Sounds like: DEL-tah
Translations: Delta, four, 4
Notes: Δ (Delta) is the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the Greek numeral system, it represents the number four. It is also used as a symbol in various contexts, including mathematics and science, though its primary function in Koine Greek texts is as a letter or a numeral.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The Greek letter Delta is derived from the Phoenician letter Dalet, which means 'door'.
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OOK
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express absolute negation. It typically precedes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs to deny or contradict a statement. It is used when the negation is a statement of fact, as opposed to a hypothetical or willed negation. It has variant forms like οὐ (ou) before a consonant and οὐχ (ouch) before a rough breathing.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'not'. It is an ancient negative particle found in various Indo-European languages.
G0302
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: AHN
Translations: if, ever, might, would, should
Notes: This word is a particle used to express contingency, possibility, or potentiality. It does not have a direct English equivalent but modifies the meaning of the verb it accompanies, often indicating that an action is dependent on a condition or is hypothetical. It is frequently used with the subjunctive or optative moods to form conditional clauses or express indefinite temporal or relative clauses.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The origin of this particle is uncertain, but it is believed to be an ancient particle in Greek, possibly related to the concept of 'on' or 'up' in some contexts, though its primary function became conditional.
G1014
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-boo-LOH-men
Translations: I wished, I wanted, I desired, I purposed, I intended
Notes: This word is a verb indicating a desire, wish, or intention. It describes a state of wanting or purposing something, often implying a deliberate choice or a strong inclination. It is used to express what someone was wishing or intending to do.
Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle Voice, 1st Person, Singular
Synonyms: ΘΕΛΩ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ
G4012
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: PEH-ree
Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.
Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself
Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TONE
Translations: of the
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the definite article 'the'. It functions to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for plural nouns, similar to 'of the' in English. It can precede nouns of any gender.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All Genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix
Sounds like: pa-RAH
Translations: beside, by, near, from, with, at, along, beyond, against, through, in the presence of, alongside, a
Notes: This word functions primarily as a preposition, indicating proximity, origin, or comparison. It can mean 'beside,' 'from,' 'with,' 'at,' or 'alongside,' depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used as a prefix in compound words, it often conveys ideas of proximity, deviation, or intensity, such as 'alongside,' 'beyond,' 'contrary to,' or 'through.'
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΣΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *per- (meaning 'forward, through'). It is cognate with English 'for' and 'through'.
G2087
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: HEH-teh-roys
Translations: other, another, different, a different
Notes: This word refers to something that is 'other' or 'different' from what has been previously mentioned or implied. It emphasizes a distinction in kind or character, rather than just numerical difference (which would be expressed by 'ἄλλος'). It is often used to introduce a new or distinct item in a list or comparison. In the provided examples, it refers to 'other gods'.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΑΛΛΟΣ, ΔΙΑΦΟΡΟΣ, ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΣ
G3551
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: noh-MEE-mohn
Translations: of laws, of customs, of traditions, of ordinances, of what is lawful, of what is customary
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'lawful,' 'customary,' or 'according to law/custom.' It is often used to describe things that are in accordance with established rules, traditions, or divine ordinances. In its genitive plural form, as seen here, it typically refers to 'of laws,' 'of customs,' or 'of traditions,' indicating possession or relation to these concepts.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΚΩΝ, ΝΟΜΩΝ, ΘΕΣΜΩΝ
G1839
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ex-eh-TAH-zayn
Translations: to examine, to investigate, to inquire, to question, to scrutinize
Notes: This word means to examine, investigate, or question something or someone thoroughly. It implies a careful and detailed scrutiny, often with the purpose of discovering the truth or making a judgment. It can be used in contexts of legal inquiry, philosophical debate, or general inspection.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΑΝΑΚΡΙΝΩ, ΔΟΚΙΜΑΖΩ, ΖΗΤΕΩ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἐξετάζω (exetázō), a compound of ἐκ (ek, "out of") and ἐτάζω (etázō, "to examine, test"). It literally means "to examine out" or "to test thoroughly."
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TAH
Translations: the
Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.
Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.
G1063
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: gar
Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, their own
Notes: This word is a personal pronoun in the genitive plural. It can be translated as 'of them' or 'their', indicating possession or origin. It is often used reflexively, meaning 'their own' or 'of themselves', referring back to the subject of the sentence.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΣΦΩΝ, ΕΑΥΤΩΝ
G2254
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: HEE-meen
Translations: (to) us, (for) us, us
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the first-person plural pronoun 'we'. It is used to indicate the indirect object of a verb, meaning 'to us' or 'for us'. It can also signify possession or benefit/detriment for 'us'. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He gave the book to us' or 'This is good for us'.
Inflection: First Person, Plural, Dative
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to the first-person plural pronoun in other Indo-European languages.
G5442
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: foo-LAT-tayn
Translations: to guard, to keep, to observe, to protect, to preserve, to watch over
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to guard, keep, or protect. It can be used in various contexts, such as guarding a place, keeping a command or law, observing a custom, or protecting someone from harm. It implies a sense of careful oversight and preservation.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΤΗΡΕΩ, ΔΙΑΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩ
Etymology: The word ΦΥΛΑΣΣΩ comes from the Greek word φύλαξ (phylax), meaning 'a guard' or 'a watcher'.
G3961
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAH-tree-on
Translations: ancestral, hereditary, traditional, of the fathers, customary
Notes: This word describes something that belongs to or is inherited from one's fathers or ancestors. It refers to customs, laws, or traditions that have been passed down through generations. It can be used to describe anything that is characteristic of one's heritage or lineage.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΑΤΡΩΟΣ, ΠΑΤΡΙΚΟΣ
Etymology: From the Greek word πατήρ (patēr), meaning 'father', combined with the suffix -ιον, indicating belonging or relation.
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ES-tin
Translations: is, a is
Notes: This word is the third person singular present indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It means 'he is', 'she is', 'it is', or 'there is'. It is used to express existence, identity, or a state of being, often linking a subject to a predicate. It can also imply 'exists' or 'happens'.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Present, Indicative, Active
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: OO
Translations: not, no
Notes: ΟΥ̓ is a negative particle used to express a factual negation. It typically negates verbs in the indicative mood, stating that something is not true or does not happen. It can also negate other parts of speech. When combined with ΜΉ (ou mē), it forms a very strong negation, meaning "by no means" or "never."
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΉ, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΟΥ̓ΧΊ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a fundamental negative particle in Greek.
G0245
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: ahl-loh-TREE-ohn
Translations: of strangers, of others, of foreigners, of alien things
Notes: This word describes something that belongs to another person or is foreign, alien, or strange. In its genitive plural form, it often refers to the possessions or characteristics of "strangers" or "foreigners," or simply "others." It can also refer to things that are alien or not one's own.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Synonyms: ΞΕΝΩΝ, ἈΛΛΩΝ
G2723
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tay-go-REH-in
Translations: to accuse, to charge, to bring a charge against
Notes: This is a verb meaning 'to accuse' or 'to bring a charge against someone'. It is often used in a legal or formal context, implying a formal accusation or indictment. It is a compound word formed from the preposition ΚΑΤΑ (KATA), meaning 'down against', and the verb ΑΓΟΡΕΥΩ (AGOREUO), meaning 'to speak in the assembly' or 'to proclaim'.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΓΚΑΛΕΩ, ΕΠΙΤΙΘΕΜΑΙ
G1065
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Part of Speech: Particle
Sounds like: GEH
Translations: indeed, at least, even, certainly, truly
Notes: This word is an emphatic particle used to add emphasis or certainty to a statement. It can highlight a particular word or phrase, often conveying a sense of 'at least,' 'even,' or 'certainly.' It is frequently used to strengthen an assertion or to draw attention to a specific detail.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΗ, ΚΑΙ, ΜΕΝ
Etymology: The particle ΓΕ is of uncertain origin, possibly an ancient demonstrative particle.
G3588, G3778
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle
Sounds like: too
Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to
Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter
Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.
G3383
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: MAY-teh
Translations: neither, nor
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to connect two or more negative clauses or phrases. It often appears in a series, meaning 'neither...nor' or 'not even'. It emphasizes the exclusion of all listed possibilities.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕ, ΟΥΤΕ
Etymology: From the negative particle ΜΗ (mē) and the enclitic particle ΤΕ (te), which means 'and'. It is used to connect negative clauses.
G5512
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: khleh-oo-AD-zayn
Translations: to mock, to scoff, to ridicule, to jeer
Notes: This verb means to mock, scoff, or ridicule someone or something. It implies treating a person or idea with contempt or disdain, often through words or gestures. It can be used in sentences like 'They began to mock him' or 'He was scoffing at their beliefs.'
Inflection: Present Active Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΜΠΑΙΖΕΙΝ, ΚΑΤΑΓΕΛΑΝ
Etymology: The word ΧΛΕΥΑΖΕΙΝ (chleuazein) is derived from the noun χλεύη (chleue), meaning 'a jest, a joke, mockery'.
G0987
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: blas-fay-MEIN
Translations: to blaspheme, to revile, to slander, to speak evil of, to rail against
Notes: This word is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'blasphemeo'. It means to speak impiously or irreverently about God or sacred things, or to speak evil of, revile, or slander someone. It is often used in the context of insulting or defaming a person, especially a divine being.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΚΑΚΟΛΟΓΕΩ, ΛΟΙΔΟΡΕΩ, ΥΒΡΙΖΩ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOOS
Translations: the, them, those
Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).
G3543
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: noh-mi-ZO-meh-noos
Translations: supposed, esteemed, considered, believed, thought, a supposed, an esteemed, a considered, a believed, a thought
Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle, meaning 'being supposed,' 'being esteemed,' or 'being considered.' It describes something that is generally accepted or believed to be true, often in contrast to what is actually true. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun, and indicates an ongoing state of being regarded in a certain way.
Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Accusative, Present, Middle or Passive
Synonyms: ΔΟΚΕΩ, ΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ, ΥΠΟΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: theh-OOS
Translations: gods
Notes: This word refers to gods or deities. It is the plural form of 'god' and is used when referring to multiple divine beings. In a sentence, it would function as the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition, indicating the recipients of an action.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΔΑΙΜΟΝΕΣ, ΚΥΡΙΟΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *dʰes-, meaning 'sacred, holy'. It is related to words for divine beings or sacred concepts in other Indo-European languages.
G0473
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: an-TEE-kroos
Translations: opposite, directly opposite, over against, in front of, face to face
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning "opposite," "directly opposite," or "face to face." It is used to indicate a position or direction that is directly across from something or someone. It can also imply a direct confrontation or encounter.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΠΕΝΑΝΤΙ, ΚΑΤΕΝΑΝΤΙ
Etymology: From ἀντί (anti, "against") and κρύπτω (kruptō, "to hide"), implying a position that is not hidden but directly visible or opposite.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter
Sounds like: OH
Translations: the, who, which, O
Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)
Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.
G3550
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: noh-moh-THEH-tays
Translations: lawgiver, a lawgiver
Notes: This word refers to someone who establishes or enacts laws. It can describe a person who creates a legal system or a divine being who gives commandments. It is typically used in a nominative case to identify the subject as the lawgiver.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΝΟΜΟΔΟΤΗΣ
Etymology: This is a compound word derived from two Greek words: ΝΟΜΟΣ (NOMOS), meaning 'law', and ΤΙΘΗΜΙ (TITHĒMI), meaning 'to place' or 'to set'. Thus, it literally means 'one who places or sets laws'.
G0001
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-peh-EE-ray-ken
Translations: has forbidden, has prohibited, has renounced, has given up, has despaired
Notes: This word is the third person singular perfect active indicative form of the verb ἀπαγορεύω (apagoreuō). It means 'he/she/it has forbidden,' 'has prohibited,' 'has renounced,' 'has given up,' or 'has despaired.' It describes an action that was completed in the past and has ongoing results or a state resulting from that past action. It can be used to indicate a prohibition or a state of having given up on something.
Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Perfect, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΚΩΛΥΩ, ΑΡΝΕΟΜΑΙ, ΕΚΛΥΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TES
Translations: (of) her, her, (of) it, its
Notes: This word is a form of the third-person pronoun 'autos'. It is used to refer to a singular feminine noun that has already been mentioned or is understood from the context. It indicates possession or is used after prepositions that require the genitive case. For example, it could mean 'her' (as in 'her house') or 'of her'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G1752
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EH-neh-kah
Translations: because of, on account of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that means 'because of,' 'on account of,' or 'for the sake of.' It is always followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case, indicating the reason or purpose for something. For example, one might say 'ΕΝΕΚΑ ΤΟΥ ΝΟΜΟΥ' (heneka tou nomou) meaning 'because of the law.'
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΑ, ΧΑΡΙΝ
Etymology: From an obsolete noun meaning 'cause' or 'reason'. It is related to the Greek word 'ἔχω' (echō), meaning 'to have' or 'to hold'.
G4377
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pros-ay-go-REE-as
Translations: of address, of appellation, of name, of title, of salutation
Notes: This word refers to the act of addressing someone, or the name, title, or appellation by which someone or something is called. It can also refer to a salutation or greeting. It is used to denote the specific term or form of address used for a person or thing.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑ, ΕΠΩΝΥΜΙΑ, ΚΛΗΣΙΣ
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: THAY-oo
Translations: of God, of a God
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ΘΕΟΣ' (theos), meaning 'God' or 'a god'. In Koine Greek, the genitive case often indicates possession, origin, or relationship, similar to the English 'of' or the possessive apostrophe 's'. Therefore, 'ΘΕΟΥ' typically translates to 'of God' or 'of a god', depending on the context. It can refer to the one true God or to a pagan deity.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
G1161
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: DEH
Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however
Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.
G2723
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tay-go-RON
Translations: accusing, bringing a charge against, testifying against
Notes: This word is the present active participle of the verb 'κατηγορέω', meaning 'to accuse' or 'to bring a charge against'. It describes someone who is currently in the act of accusing or testifying against another person. It is often used in legal or judicial contexts.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Genitive, Plural
Synonyms: ΕΓΚΑΛΕΩ, ΕΠΙΤΙΘΕΜΑΙ
G1223
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: dee-AH
Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of
Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: THAYS
Translations: of the
Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.
G0493
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: an-tee-pa-RA-the-se-ohs
Translations: of comparison, of contrast, of juxtaposition
Notes: This word refers to the act of setting one thing against another for the purpose of comparison or contrast. It is a compound word formed from ἀντί (anti, meaning 'against' or 'opposite') and παράθεσις (parathesis, meaning 'a placing beside' or 'juxtaposition'). It is used to describe the process of examining differences or similarities by placing items side-by-side.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΥΓΚΡΙΣΙΣ, ΠΑΡΑΒΟΛΗ
G1651
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-LENG-khein
Translations: to convict, to reprove, to rebuke, to expose, to correct, to show to be guilty, to bring to light
Notes: This word means to bring to light, to expose, or to prove someone guilty. It often implies a process of examination or scrutiny that leads to a clear demonstration of truth or error. It can be used in the sense of rebuking or correcting someone by showing them their fault.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΙΜΑΩ, ΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΙ, ΕΞΕΛΕΓΧΩ
Etymology: The word comes from an ancient Greek root meaning 'to disgrace, to put to shame, to convict'.
G3633
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: OY-oh-MEH-nohn
Translations: thinking, supposing, believing, imagining, considering, expecting, a thinking, a supposing, a believing
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'οἴομαι', meaning 'to think', 'to suppose', or 'to believe'. It describes someone who is in the act of thinking or supposing something. It is often used to indicate an opinion or a belief held by a person or group, and can be translated as 'those who think' or 'while thinking'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Middle Voice, Present Participle
Synonyms: ΝΟΜΙΖΟΝΤΩΝ, ΗΓΟΥΜΕΝΩΝ, ΔΟΚΟΥΝΤΩΝ
G3756
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: OOKH
Translations: not, no
Notes: This word is a negative particle, meaning "not" or "no." It is used to negate statements of fact or reality. It is a variant of οὐ (ou) and οὐκ (ouk), specifically used before words that begin with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓, ΟΥ̓Κ, ΜΉ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂u- (negative particle). It is related to other negative particles in various Indo-European languages.
G3634
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: OY-on
Translations: such as, of what kind, what sort of, as, like, a such thing, a what sort of thing
Notes: ΟΙΟΝ is the neuter singular form of the adjective/pronoun ΟΙΟΣ. It is used to introduce a comparison, meaning 'such as' or 'as', or to ask about the quality or nature of something, meaning 'of what kind' or 'what sort of'. It can also function as a demonstrative, referring to something of a specific kind.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΟΙΟΣ, ΟΙΑ, ΟΙΟΙ
Etymology: The word ΟΙΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (this) or the interrogative pronoun ΤΙΣ (who, what).
G5037
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle
Sounds like: TEH
Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed
Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.
G2623
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: kah-tah-see-oh-PAN
Translations: to silence, to make silent, to keep silent, to hush
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the prefix 'κατά' (down, completely) and the verb 'σιωπάω' (to be silent). It means to completely silence someone or something, or to keep silent oneself. It is often used in contexts where someone is commanded or compelled to be quiet, or where a person chooses to remain completely silent.
Inflection: Present Active Infinitive
Synonyms: ΣΙΩΠΑΩ, ΣΙΓΑΩ
G0243
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: AL-lohs
Translations: otherwise, differently, in another way, in other respects, in any other way
Notes: This adverb means 'otherwise' or 'in another way'. It is used to indicate a different manner, condition, or circumstance than what has been previously mentioned or implied. It can also mean 'in other respects' or 'at all'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΕΤΕΡΩΣ, ΑΛΛΑΧΗ
Etymology: Derived from the adjective ἄλλος (allos), meaning 'other' or 'another'.
G3056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LOH-goo
Translations: of word, of account, of reason, of speech, of message, of saying, of statement, of report, of matter, of thing
Notes: This word refers to a word, speech, discourse, or a divine utterance. It can also mean an account, reason, or a matter/thing. In its genitive form, as seen here, it indicates possession or origin, often translated with 'of'. It is frequently used in contexts relating to communication, divine revelation, or logical reasoning.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΜΥΘΟΣ, ΕΠΟΣ
G3195
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: MEL-lon-tos
Translations: of (one) about to, of (one) going to, of the future, of (one) intending
Notes: This word is the genitive singular form of the present participle of the verb 'μέλλω'. It signifies something that is 'about to happen', 'going to be', or 'intended'. It often describes a future event or state, or a person/thing that is on the verge of doing something. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'the one who is about to').
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Present Active Participle
Synonyms: ἘΣΟΜΕΝΟΥ, ΜΕΛΛΟΝΤΟΣ
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: OOF
Translations: under, by, with, from, at the hand of, by means of, through
Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'ΥΠΟ' (hypo), meaning 'under' or 'by'. The final vowel of 'ΥΠΟ' is dropped when the following word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. It indicates a position beneath something, or agency (by means of someone/something), or cause. It can also denote the instrument or agent by which something is done. It is a very common preposition in Koine Greek.
Inflection: Does not inflect; governs the genitive and accusative cases.
Etymology: The word 'ΥΠΟ' (hypo) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'under'. It is related to English words like 'hypodermic' and 'hypothermia'.
G2249
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: hay-MOHN
Translations: of us, our
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the first-person personal pronoun, meaning 'of us' or 'our'. It indicates possession or origin related to a group of speakers. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the house of us' or 'our house'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, First Person
G1651
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-leng-KHTHEH-ses-thai
Translations: to be convicted, to be reproved, to be exposed, to be rebuked, to be shown to be wrong
Notes: This word is the future passive infinitive form of the verb 'elegchō'. It means 'to be convicted', 'to be reproved', or 'to be exposed'. It describes an action that will happen in the future, where someone or something will be proven wrong, rebuked, or brought to light.
Inflection: Future, Passive, Infinitive
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΤΙΜΑΩ, ΚΑΤΑΚΡΙΝΩ, ΕΞΕΛΕΓΧΩ
G3568
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: NOON
Translations: now, at present, at this time
Notes: ΝΥΝ is an adverb meaning 'now' or 'at present'. It refers to the current moment in time. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a conclusion in a discourse, indicating a shift to the present situation or a logical consequence.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΤΙ, ΗΔΗ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now'. It is cognate with Latin nunc and English 'now'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: of them, their, of themselves
Notes: This word is a pronoun indicating possession or relation, specifically for a group of people or things. It is used to mean 'of them' or 'their', often referring back to a previously mentioned plural noun or pronoun.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, All genders
G4937
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: soon-TEE-then-tone
Translations: of putting together, of agreeing, of covenanting, of those who put together, of those who agree, of those who covenant
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'putting together,' 'agreeing,' or 'covenanting.' It describes an ongoing action and functions like an adjective or noun, often translated as 'those who are putting together' or 'of those who are agreeing' when used in the genitive plural. The verb implies a coming together of elements or people, either physically or in agreement.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΣΥΜΦΩΝΟΥΝΤΩΝ, ΟΜΟΛΟΓΟΥΝΤΩΝ
G0235
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: AL-lah
Translations: but, yet, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, rather, moreover, indeed
Notes: This word is a strong adversative conjunction, used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or opposes a preceding statement. It often implies a stronger contrast than 'δέ' (de). It can also be used to introduce an emphatic statement, sometimes translated as 'indeed' or 'moreover'. It is frequently found at the beginning of a clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΠΛΗΝ, ΟΜΩΣ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (other). It is related to other words meaning 'other' or 'different'.
G5259
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: hoo-POH
Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.
Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.
G4183
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pol-LOHN
Translations: of many, of much
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the adjective 'πολύς' (polys), meaning 'many' or 'much'. It is used to describe a large quantity or number of something. As a genitive form, it often indicates possession, origin, or the object of certain prepositions, translating to 'of many' or 'of much' depending on the context.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΛΕΙΩΝ, ΙΚΑΝΟΣ
G2046
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: ee-RAY-may-noo
Translations: (of) spoken, (of) said, (of) told, (of) mentioned
Notes: This word is the genitive singular masculine or neuter form of the perfect passive participle of the verb 'to say' or 'to speak'. It refers to something that has been spoken, said, or told. It is often used to refer to words, prophecies, or statements that have already been uttered or recorded, functioning like an adjective modifying a noun in the genitive case.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Perfect Passive Participle
Synonyms: ΛΕΛΑΛΗΜΕΝΟΥ, ΕἸΡΗΚΟΤΟΣ
G3029
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: LEE-ahn
Translations: very, exceedingly, greatly, much, extremely
Notes: This word is an adverb that means 'very' or 'exceedingly'. It is used to intensify the meaning of an adjective, another adverb, or a verb, indicating a high degree or extent of something. For example, it can be used to say 'very good' or 'greatly rejoice'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΣΦΟΔΡΑ, ΠΟΛΥ, ΜΑΛΑ
Etymology: The origin of this word is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the idea of 'smoothness' or 'plainness', which then developed into the meaning of 'very' or 'exceedingly'.
G2102
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: yoo-doh-kee-MOON-tohn
Translations: of those who are well-regarded, of those who are approved, of those who are esteemed, of those who are successful
Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'of those who are well-regarded' or 'of those who are approved'. It describes individuals who are held in high esteem, are successful, or have gained approval. It is used to refer to a group of people who are currently in a state of being well-regarded or successful.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Present, Active
Synonyms: ΔΟΚΙΜΩΝ, ἘΠΑΙΝΟΥΜΕΝΩΝ, ΕΥ̓ΦΗΜΟΥΜΕΝΩΝ
G5101
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Part of Speech: Interrogative Pronoun, Indefinite Pronoun, Interrogative Adjective
Sounds like: TEES
Translations: who, what, which, what kind of, someone, something, anyone, anything, a certain one, a certain thing
Notes: ΤΙΣ is a versatile pronoun and adjective in Koine Greek. As an interrogative, it asks 'who?', 'what?', or 'which?'. As an indefinite, it means 'someone', 'something', 'anyone', or 'anything', often implying an unspecified person or thing. Its meaning depends heavily on context and whether it has an accent.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative. It is a highly inflected word.
Etymology: The word ΤΙΣ is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, indicating its long history and fundamental role in language.
G3844
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: pah-RAH
Translations: from, by, with, beside, at, near, alongside, to
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it typically means 'from' or 'from beside', indicating origin or agency. With the dative case, it means 'with', 'beside', or 'at', indicating proximity or presence. With the accusative case, it means 'alongside', 'to', or 'past', indicating motion towards or along something.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΥΠΟ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'beside', 'alongside'. It is cognate with English 'for' and 'from'.
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: toys
Translations: to the, for the, the
Notes: ΤΟΙΣ is the dative plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, but specifically indicates the indirect object or the recipient of an action, or location/instrument when used with a dative noun. It can be used with masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns in the plural.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, All genders
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into the definite article in Greek.
G1672
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: EL-lay-sin
Translations: to Greeks, for Greeks, by Greeks
Notes: This word refers to Greeks or Hellenes. It is used in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of a verb or the recipient of an action, often translated with 'to', 'for', or 'by'. It can refer to people of Greek descent, or more broadly, to those who adopted Greek language and culture, regardless of their ethnic origin.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΛΛΑΔΙ, ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟΙΣ
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb
Sounds like: eh-PEE
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to
Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.
G4678
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: so-FEE-ah
Translations: wisdom, a wisdom
Notes: This word refers to wisdom, which is the quality of having experience, knowledge, and good judgment. It often implies practical insight and skill in living, or divine wisdom. It is used as a feminine noun in sentences.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΣΙΣ, ΓΝΩΣΙΣ, ΦΡΟΝΗΣΙΣ
Etymology: From an ancient root meaning 'skill' or 'cleverness', evolving to mean 'wisdom' or 'prudence'.
G2296
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: te-thav-mas-MEH-non
Translations: admired, wonderful, marvelous, amazing
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle derived from the verb 'to wonder' or 'to admire'. It describes something or someone that has been admired, regarded with wonder, or considered marvelous. It can be used to describe people who are highly esteemed or things that are extraordinary.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter, Perfect Passive Participle
Synonyms: ΘΑΥΜΑΣΤΟΣ, ΕΚΠΛΗΚΤΟΣ, ΠΕΡΙΒΛΕΠΤΟΣ
G2008
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-pee-teh-TEE-mee-ken
Translations: has rebuked, has warned, has admonished, has charged
Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi, meaning 'upon' or 'to') and the verb τιμάω (timao, meaning 'to honor' or 'to value'). In this form, it means to rebuke, warn, or admonish someone, often with authority or a sense of disapproval. It is used to express a strong caution or a sharp reprimand.
Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΕΠΙΠΛΗΤΤΩ, ΕΛΕΓΧΩ
G4163
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: poy-ay-TON
Translations: of doers, of makers, of poets
Notes: This word refers to those who perform an action, create something, or compose poetry. It is used to describe individuals who are active in bringing something into existence, whether it's an act, an object, or a literary work.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΕΡΓΑΤΩΝ, ΔΗΜΙΟΥΡΓΩΝ
G2016
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: eh-peh-fah-NES-tah-toys
Translations: most manifest, most conspicuous, most famous, most illustrious, to the most manifest, to the most conspicuous, to the most famous, to the most illustrious
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the superlative adjective 'epiphanes'. It describes something or someone as being 'most manifest', 'most conspicuous', 'most famous', or 'most illustrious'. It is used to refer to multiple entities that possess these qualities to the highest degree, often in a context where they are the recipients of an action or the object of a preposition that takes the dative case.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine, Feminine or Neuter, Superlative
Synonyms: ΕΝΔΟΞΟΤΑΤΟΙΣ, ΠΕΡΙΒΛΕΠΤΟΙΣ, ΔΙΑΣΗΜΟΤΑΤΟΙΣ
G3550
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: noh-moh-theh-TON
Translations: legislating, enacting laws, giving laws, a lawgiver
Notes: This word is a participle meaning 'legislating' or 'giving laws'. It describes the action of establishing or enacting laws. It can also function as a noun, referring to 'a lawgiver' or 'one who legislates'. It is a compound word derived from 'nomos' (law) and 'tithemi' (to place or set).
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine, Genitive, Plural
Synonyms: ΝΟΜΟΘΕΤΗΣ, ΝΟΜΟΘΕΤΙΚΟΣ
G3122
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Part of Speech: Adverb
Sounds like: MA-lis-TA
Translations: especially, most, indeed, yes, certainly, above all
Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'especially,' 'most,' or 'above all.' It is often used to emphasize a particular point or item in a list. It can also be used as a strong affirmation, meaning 'yes,' 'certainly,' or 'indeed.'
Inflection: Superlative form of ΜΑΛΑ; Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΜΑΛΛΟΝ, ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΩΣ
Etymology: From the adverb ΜΑΛΑ (mala), meaning 'very' or 'much.' ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ is its superlative form, indicating 'most' or 'very much so.'
G4100
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: peh-pis-TEV-meh-noys
Translations: (to) those who have been entrusted, (to) those who have been believed, (to) those who have been committed
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'having been entrusted' or 'having been believed'. It describes a state of having been put in trust or having been given belief. It is used to refer to a group of people who have had something entrusted to them or who have been believed.
Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Dative, Plural, Masculine or Neuter
Synonyms: ΕΜΠΙΣΤΕΥΘΕΙΣΙΝ, ΑΝΑΤΕΘΕΙΣΙΝ
G3754
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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun
Sounds like: OH-tee
Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which
Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.
G5108
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: toy-OW-tas
Translations: such, such a, such as these
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'such' or 'of such a kind'. It is used to describe something that is similar to what has been mentioned or implied, or to indicate a certain quality or characteristic. It functions like the English word 'such' and agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΤΟΙΟΣΔΕ, ΤΟΣΟΥΤΟΣ
G1392
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: dox-AS
Translations: having glorified, glorifying, honoring, exalting, magnifying
Notes: This word is an aorist active participle derived from the verb 'δοξάζω' (doxazō), meaning 'to glorify' or 'to honor'. As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed or is ongoing, functioning like an adjective or adverb in a sentence. It indicates someone or something that has performed the act of glorifying or honoring.
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine, Aorist Active Participle
Synonyms: ΤΙΜΑΩ, ΜΕΓΑΛΥΝΩ, ΥΨΟΩ
G2316
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: thay-OHN
Translations: of God, of gods
Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun 'ΘΕΟΣ' (theos), meaning 'God' or 'a god'. It is used to indicate possession or origin, often translated as 'of God' or 'of the gods', depending on the context. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'the temple of the gods' or 'the will of God'.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΔΑΙΜΩΝ
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: ex
Translations: out of, from, of, by, with
Notes: ἘΞ is a preposition that signifies origin, separation, or source. It always governs the genitive case. It can denote movement 'out of' a place, 'from' a point in time or a source, 'of' a material or composition, or 'by' an agent. It often implies a complete separation or a clear point of departure.
Inflection: Does not inflect; always takes the genitive case.
Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΕΚ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is cognate with Latin ex and English out.
G0746
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ar-KHEES
Translations: of beginning, of rule, of origin, of first place, of first principle, of chief, of ruler
Notes: This word refers to a beginning, origin, or the first in a series. It can also denote a position of authority, rule, or a ruler. In a sentence, it often indicates the source or starting point of something, or the person/thing in charge. It is the genitive singular form of the noun 'ἀρχή'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΡΩΤΟΣ, ΚΕΦΑΛΗ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ
G4128
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: PLAY-theh-sin
Translations: to multitude, to crowd, to great number, to mass
Notes: This word refers to a large number of people or things, a multitude, or a crowd. It can also denote a great quantity or mass. It is used to describe a large gathering of individuals or a significant amount of something.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΧΛΟΣ, ΠΛΗΘΥΣ
G1729
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eng-kah-teh-SPEI-ran
Translations: they sowed in, they scattered in, they planted in
Notes: This is a compound verb meaning 'to sow in' or 'to scatter in'. It describes the action of placing seeds or something similar into a larger area or group. It implies an act of dispersal or introduction within something else.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural
Synonyms: ΣΠΕΙΡΩ, ΦΥΤΕΥΩ
Etymology: From the prefix ἘΝ (en, 'in'), the preposition ΚΑΤΆ (kata, 'down' or 'among'), and the verb ΣΠΕΊΡΩ (speirō, 'to sow'). It literally means 'to sow down in' or 'to sow among'.
G0706
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-rith-MOH
Translations: to number, by number, in number, by count, in count, to a number, to a count
Notes: This word refers to a number, a count, or a total. In its dative form, as seen here, it indicates 'to' or 'by' a number, or 'in' a numerical sense, often implying a specific quantity or a method of counting. It is used to express a numerical value or the act of counting.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ἈΡΙΘΜΗΣΙΣ, ΠΛΗΘΟΣ, ΜΕΤΡΟΝ
G3303
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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN
Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however
Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.
G3745
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Part of Speech: Adjective, Pronoun
Sounds like: oh-POH-soos
Translations: as many as, however many, whatsoever many
Notes: This word is an indefinite relative adjective or pronoun, meaning 'as many as' or 'however many'. It is used to refer to an unspecified quantity or number of things or people, often in a way that emphasizes the extent or totality of that quantity. It functions similarly to 'whoever' or 'whatever' but specifically for number.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΣΟΙ, ΟΣΟΝ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TOY
Translations: they, them, themselves, these, those
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun that can function in several ways. It can be used as an intensive pronoun meaning 'self' or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. It can also serve as a simple third-person pronoun meaning 'he, she, it, they' or 'him, her, it, them'. When used with the article, it often functions as an adjective meaning 'the same'.
Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine
G2309
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: theh-LEE-soh-sin
Translations: they may wish, they may want, they may desire, they may intend, they may be willing
Notes: This is a verb indicating a wish, desire, or intention. It describes an action that a group of people (they) might perform, expressing their will or preference. It is often used in contexts where a condition or possibility is being discussed.
Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive
Synonyms: ΒΟΥΛΟΜΑΙ, ΕΘΕΛΩ, ΕΠΙΘΥΜΩ
G0669
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ah-poh-FAY-noh-men-oy
Translations: declaring, showing, revealing, making known, demonstrating, pointing out
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'apophainō', meaning to show, declare, or make known. It describes an action of revealing or demonstrating something, often publicly or clearly. It can be used to describe someone who is in the process of declaring or showing something.
Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
Synonyms: ΔΗΛΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΕΝΔΕΙΚΝΥΜΕΝΟΙ, ΦΑΝΕΡΟΥΝΤΕΣ
Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπό (apo, 'from, away from') and φαίνω (phainō, 'to show, appear'). The combination suggests 'to show forth' or 'to make manifest from' something.
G240
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Part of Speech: Reciprocal Pronoun
Sounds like: al-LAY-lone
Translations: of one another, of each other
Notes: This word is a reciprocal pronoun, meaning 'of one another' or 'of each other'. It is used to indicate that an action or relationship is mutual among multiple subjects. It always appears in the plural and is used to express actions or relationships that are directed back and forth between individuals within a group.
Inflection: Genitive, Plural, All genders
Etymology: This word is derived from the reduplication of the stem of ἄλλος (ALLOS), meaning 'other'. The reduplication indicates reciprocity.
G1096
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: ghee-NO-meh-noos
Translations: becoming, being, happening, coming to be, being born, being made, being done
Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It describes something that is in the process of becoming, happening, or being made. It can refer to events that are taking place, people who are being born or coming into existence, or things that are being created or done. It often conveys a sense of ongoing development or occurrence.
Inflection: Present, Middle or Passive Voice, Masculine, Plural, Accusative Case
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΝΑΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ, ΕΙΜΙ
G2596
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: KAH-tah
Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along
Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.
G3845
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: PAN-toy-oos
Translations: of every kind, various, manifold, all sorts of
Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'of every kind' or 'various'. It describes something that encompasses a wide range or variety of types. It can be used to qualify nouns, indicating that the noun comes in many different forms or sorts.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΠΟΙΚΙΛΟΣ, ΠΟΛΥΠΟΙΚΙΛΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΠΑΝΤΟΙΟΣ (pantoios) is derived from πᾶς (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every', combined with a suffix indicating 'of a kind'. It signifies 'of all kinds' or 'of every sort'.
G5158
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TRO-poos
Translations: ways, manners, customs, habits, modes, characters
Notes: This word refers to a way, manner, custom, or habit. It can describe a person's character or behavior, or the method by which something is done. It is used in the plural form here.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΔΟΙ, ΕΘΗ, ΧΑΡΑΚΤΗΡΕΣ
Etymology: From the verb τρέπω (trepō), meaning 'to turn'. It refers to the 'turn' or 'course' of something, hence a way or manner.
G1078
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: geh-NEH-seh-ohn
Translations: of origins, of births, of generations, of genealogies, of records
Notes: This word refers to the origin, birth, or creation of something. It can also denote a record of descent, a genealogy, or a history of origins. In its genitive plural form, it indicates possession or relationship, meaning 'of origins' or 'belonging to generations'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Feminine
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΕΑΙ, ΓΕΝΕΣΕΙΣ, ΓΕΝΗ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun
Sounds like: TOO-toos
Translations: these, those
Notes: This word is the accusative plural masculine form of the demonstrative pronoun 'οὗτος' (houtos). It is used to point out or refer to specific people or things that are near in proximity or time, or that have just been mentioned. It functions like 'these' or 'those' in English, often referring to a group of males or a group of mixed gender.
Inflection: Accusative, Plural, Masculine
Synonyms: ΟΙΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΥΣ
G1244
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: dee-ah-ee-ROON-tes
Translations: dividing, distributing, distinguishing, separating, discerning
Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'diaireō'. It describes an action of dividing, distributing, or distinguishing. It can be used to refer to those who are performing the action of dividing or separating something, or to the act of division itself. For example, it could refer to people who are dividing up resources, or to the act of discerning between different things.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΜΕΡΙΖΟΝΤΕΣ, ΔΙΑΚΡΙΝΟΝΤΕΣ
Etymology: The word 'diaireō' is a compound word formed from 'dia' (through, apart) and 'haireō' (to take, to choose). Thus, it literally means 'to take apart' or 'to choose apart'.
G5117
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: TOH-poys
Translations: to places, in places, at places, in the places, at the places
Notes: This word refers to a place, location, or region. In its dative plural form, as 'ΤΟΠΟΙΣ', it indicates 'to', 'in', or 'at' multiple places or locations. It is commonly used to specify the setting or area where an action occurs.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑΙΣ, ΤΟΠΟΙ
G1254
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: dee-AHY-tays
Translations: dwelling places, habitations, abodes, ways of living, modes of life
Notes: This word refers to dwelling places or habitations, indicating where someone lives or resides. It can also refer to a way or mode of life, describing one's daily habits or manner of living. In a sentence, it might describe the homes of people or the lifestyle they adopt.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΟΙΚΙΑΙΣ, ΚΑΤΟΙΚΙΑΙΣ, ΒΙΟΙΣ
G5618
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: OH-sper
Translations: just as, as, even as, like, in the same way as
Notes: This word functions as a comparative adverb or conjunction, meaning 'just as' or 'even as'. It is used to introduce a clause that draws a comparison or analogy, indicating that something is happening or is true in the same manner or degree as something else. It emphasizes the similarity between two things or actions.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑΠΕΡ
Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs, "as") and the particle περ (per, "indeed, very"), emphasizing the comparison.
G2226
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: zoh-OHN
Translations: of living things, of animals, of creatures, of beasts
Notes: This word refers to living beings, creatures, or animals. It is often used in a general sense to describe any animate being, from humans to beasts. In the provided examples, it refers to 'living creatures' or 'animals'.
Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter
Synonyms: ΘΗΡΙΟΝ, ΚΤΗΝΟΣ
G1096, G1085
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Part of Speech: Verb, Noun
Sounds like: geh-NEH
Translations: become, happen, come to pass, be, be born, be made, come into being, race, kind, family, offspring, a race, a kind, a family, an offspring
Notes: This word can be an inflection of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become' or 'to happen', or the plural of the noun 'γένος' (genos), meaning 'race', 'kind', or 'offspring'. As a verb, it describes something coming into existence or occurring. As a noun, it refers to a group of people or things sharing common characteristics or ancestry. The specific meaning depends on the context.
Inflection: Aorist Passive Subjunctive (Verb), Nominative Plural (Noun), Accusative Plural (Noun)
Synonyms: ΓΕΝΕΣΘΑΙ, ΕΙΝΑΙ, ΦΥΣΙΣ
G1093
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: GAYN
Translations: earth, an earth, land, a land, ground, a ground, country, a country, region, a region
Notes: ΓΗΝ is the accusative singular form of the noun ΓΗ, meaning 'earth', 'land', 'ground', 'country', or 'region'. It is used to indicate the direct object of a verb or the destination of motion, often translated as 'to the earth' or 'into the land' depending on the context and accompanying prepositions. It can refer to the planet, a specific territory, or the soil itself.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΓΕΑ
G1722
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: en
Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at
Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.
Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).
Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.
G2281
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: tha-LAT-tay
Translations: (to) sea, (to) a sea, (to) lake, (to) a lake
Notes: This word refers to a large body of salt water, such as an ocean or a sea, or sometimes a large freshwater lake. It is used to indicate the location or destination of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'at' when in the dative case.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ, ΛΙΜΝΗ
G3305
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction
Sounds like: MEN-toy
Translations: however, certainly, indeed, nevertheless, yet, truly
Notes: ΜΕΝΤΟΙ is a particle used to introduce a strong contrast or to emphasize a statement. It often means 'however' or 'nevertheless' when introducing a contrasting idea, or 'certainly' or 'indeed' when adding emphasis to a preceding statement. It can be used to affirm something strongly or to mark a transition to a more important or contrasting point.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑ, ΔΕ, ΓΑΡ
Etymology: From the particle μέν (men) meaning 'on the one hand' or 'indeed', and τοι (toi) meaning 'surely' or 'indeed'. It combines these elements to form a stronger emphatic or adversative particle.
G4245
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Part of Speech: Adjective
Sounds like: pres-by-TAH-toos
Translations: oldest, most ancient, most senior, most venerable
Notes: This word is the masculine accusative plural form of the superlative adjective 'presbytatos', meaning 'oldest' or 'most ancient'. It is used to describe multiple male or masculine-gendered things or people who are the oldest, most senior, or most venerable in a group. For example, one might refer to 'the oldest men' or 'the most senior members'.
Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine, Superlative
Synonyms: ΑΡΧΑΙΟΤΑΤΟΥΣ, ΠΑΛΑΙΟΤΑΤΟΥΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TOH
Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the
Notes: ΤΩ is the dative singular form of the definite article 'the'. It indicates the indirect object of a verb or the means/instrument by which an action is performed. It can also be used to indicate location or association, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'for', 'by', 'with', or 'in'.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter
G5020
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: tar-TAH-roh-oh
Translations: to cast into Tartarus, to thrust down to Tartarus, to consign to Tartarus
Notes: This verb means to cast or thrust someone into Tartarus. In Greek mythology, Tartarus is a deep abyss used as a dungeon of torment and suffering for the wicked and as a prison for the Titans. In a biblical context, it refers to a place of punishment for fallen angels. It is typically used in a context of divine judgment or punishment.
Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive
Etymology: From ΤΑΡΤΑΡΟΣ (Tartaros), referring to the mythological abyss of punishment. The verb is formed from the noun, meaning to put into or send to Tartarus.
G1210
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Part of Speech: Participle
Sounds like: deh-deh-MEH-noos
Translations: bound, tied, fettered, those who are bound, the bound ones
Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle derived from the verb 'δέω' (deō), meaning 'to bind' or 'to tie'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing someone or something that has been bound or tied. It indicates a completed action with a continuing state or result. For example, it can refer to 'those who have been bound' or 'things that are tied up'.
Inflection: Masculine, Accusative, Plural, Perfect Passive Participle
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΜΙΟΥΣ, ΣΥΝΔΕΔΕΜΕΝΟΥΣ
G3745
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Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Relative Adjective
Sounds like: OH-soys
Translations: (to) as many as, (to) all who, (to) those who, (to) whatsoever, (to) how many, (to) how great
Notes: This word is a relative pronoun or adjective meaning 'as many as' or 'as great as'. It is used to introduce a clause that specifies a quantity or extent. For example, it might be used in a sentence like 'He gave gifts to as many as believed him,' indicating the recipients were all those who believed.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΑΣΙΝ, ΤΟΣΟΥΤΟΙΣ
G3588
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Part of Speech: Definite Article
Sounds like: TON
Translations: the
Notes: This word is the masculine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a particular masculine noun that is the direct object of a verb or preposition. For example, it would be used in phrases like 'he saw the man' or 'towards the God'.
Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative
Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed to function as a marker of definiteness in Greek.
G3772
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: oo-rah-NON
Translations: heaven, a heaven, sky, a sky
Notes: This word refers to the physical sky above the earth, or more commonly, to the dwelling place of God and the angels, often used in a theological sense. It is a masculine noun.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΑΙΘΗΡ, ΚΟΣΜΟΣ
G0647
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ah-peh-NEH-ee-man
Translations: they assigned, they distributed, they allotted, they gave, they rendered
Notes: This word is a verb meaning to assign, distribute, or allot something to someone. It describes an action completed in the past, indicating that a group of people performed the act of giving or assigning.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Plural
Synonyms: ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΝΕΜΩ, ΑΠΟΔΙΔΩΜΙ
G5124
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toys
Translations: (to) these, (for) these, (with) these, (by) these
Notes: This word is the dative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective meaning 'this' or 'that'. It points to something specific, indicating 'these things' or 'these people'. As a dative case, it often indicates the indirect object of a verb, the recipient of an action, or the means/instrument by which something is done. It can be translated as 'to these', 'for these', 'with these', or 'by these', depending on the context.
Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)
Synonyms: ΟΥ͂ΤΟΙ, ἘΚΕΊΝΟΙΣ
G3962
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: pa-TEH-ra
Translations: father, a father
Notes: This word refers to a father or a male parent. It is used in a general sense to denote a biological father, an ancestor, or even a spiritual father figure. In this form, it functions as the direct object of a verb or preposition.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
G3056
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: LO-go
Translations: (to) word, (to) reason, (to) account, (to) saying, (to) message, (to) speech, (to) matter, (to) thing, by word, by reason, by account, by saying, by message, by speech, by matter, by thing
Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun 'ΛΟΓΟΣ' (logos). 'ΛΟΓΟΣ' is a fundamental term in Greek, meaning 'word,' 'reason,' 'account,' 'speech,' or 'message.' In its dative form 'ΛΟΓΩ,' it often indicates the indirect object of an action, the means or instrument by which something is done, or the cause or reason for something. It can be translated with prepositions like 'to,' 'for,' 'by,' or 'with,' depending on the context.
Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΡΗΜΑ, ΜΥΘΟΣ, ΕΠΟΣ
G5177
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: too-RAN-non
Translations: tyrant, a tyrant
Notes: This word refers to a ruler who holds absolute power, often implying an oppressive or cruel leader. It is used to describe someone who governs without legal right or who abuses their authority. In ancient Greek contexts, a 'tyrant' was not necessarily evil, but simply someone who seized power unconstitutionally, though the term often acquired negative connotations.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ, ΔΥΝΑΣΤΗΣ, ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΩΡ
G2041
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ER-goys
Translations: to works, by works, with works, in works, to a work, by a work, with a work, in a work
Notes: This word refers to a deed, action, or work. It can encompass anything done or performed, whether good or bad, and often implies the result or product of an action. It is used in various contexts to describe human activities, divine actions, or the effects of something.
Inflection: Plural, Dative, Neuter
Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΙΣ, ΔΟΥΛΕΙΑ, ΕΝΕΡΓΕΙΑ
G1203
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: des-PO-teen
Translations: master, a master, lord, a lord, owner, an owner
Notes: This word refers to a master, lord, or owner, someone who has authority or control over others or over property. It is often used in a respectful or formal context, indicating a position of power or dominion.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine
Synonyms: ΚΥΡΙΟΣ, ΑΥΘΕΝΤΗΣ
Etymology: The word ΔΕΣΠΟΤΗΣ (despotēs) is of uncertain origin, possibly from Proto-Indo-European. It refers to the head of a household or a master.
G2186
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: eh-phis-TAN-tes
Translations: standing over, standing by, setting over, appointing, coming upon, appearing, presenting
Notes: This word describes the action of standing over, standing by, or setting someone or something over a task or position. It can also mean to come upon someone suddenly or to appear. In a broader sense, it refers to the act of appointing or presenting someone for a role, often implying authority or presence.
Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΑΡΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΠΑΡΩΝ, ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ
G3778
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: TOO-toh
Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that
Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.
Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative
Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.
G4921
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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)
Sounds like: soon-is-TAH-meh-nane
Translations: standing together, being composed, being commended, being established, being formed, being constituted, being proved
Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'synistēmi'. It describes something that is being brought together, composed, or established. It can also refer to something being commended or proved. Its meaning can vary depending on the context, often implying a state of being formed or presented.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine, Present, Middle/Passive, Participle
Synonyms: ΣΥΝΙΣΤΩ, ΣΥΝΙΣΤΑΝΩ, ΣΥΝΙΣΤΗΜΙ
G1917
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: eh-pee-boo-LEEHN
Translations: plot, a plot, conspiracy, a conspiracy, ambush, an ambush, treachery, a treachery
Notes: This word refers to a deliberate plan or scheme, often with malicious intent, such as a plot, conspiracy, or treachery. It can also refer to an ambush. It is typically used in contexts where someone is devising a harmful plan against another.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine
Synonyms: ΔΟΛΟΣ, ΕΝΕΔΡΑ, ΣΥΝΩΜΟΣΙΑ
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙΒΟΥΛΗ (epiboulē) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'against', and ΒΟΥΛΗ (boulē), meaning 'counsel' or 'plan'. Thus, it literally means 'a plan against' or 'counsel against'.
G1909
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: ep
Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with
Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).
Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)
Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ
Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun
Sounds like: ow-TON
Translations: him, it, himself, itself
Notes: This word is a third-person pronoun, typically meaning 'him' or 'it' when used as a personal pronoun. It can also be used intensively to mean 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject or object. It refers to a previously mentioned male person or a neuter object.
Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine or Neuter
G1135
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: goo-NAI-koss
Translations: of a woman, of the woman, of a wife, of the wife
Notes: This word refers to a woman or a wife. As a genitive noun, it indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with 'of' or 'belonging to'. For example, it could be used in phrases like 'the house of the woman' or 'the son of the wife'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
Etymology: The word ΓΥΝΗ (gynē) comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a woman or wife. It is related to similar words in other Indo-European languages.
G0080
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: ah-del-FOO
Translations: (of) a brother, (of) the brother, (of) a fellow believer, (of) the fellow believer, (of) a kinsman
Notes: This word refers to a brother by birth, or more broadly, a fellow human being, a kinsman, or a fellow believer in a religious context. It is used here in the genitive case, indicating possession, origin, or relationship.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine
Synonyms: ἈΝΗΡ, ΣΥΝΔΟΥΛΟΣ
Etymology: The word ἈΔΕΛΦΟΣ is a compound word derived from the prefix ἀ- (a-), meaning 'together' or 'same', and δελφύς (delphys), meaning 'womb'. Thus, it literally means 'from the same womb'.
G2364
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: thoo-GAH-tros
Translations: of a daughter, of daughter
Notes: This word is a noun referring to a female offspring, specifically a daughter. It is used here in the genitive case, indicating possession or relationship, often translated with 'of' in English. For example, it could mean 'of the daughter' or 'belonging to a daughter'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G1510
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ANE
Translations: was, he was, she was, it was, I was
Notes: This word is an inflected form of the verb 'to be'. It is used to describe a state of being or existence in the past, often indicating a continuous or repeated action or condition. For example, it can mean 'he was' or 'it was'.
Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, 1st or 3rd person singular
G1537
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Part of Speech: Preposition
Sounds like: EK
Translations: out of, from, of
Notes: ἘΚ is a preposition meaning 'out of' or 'from,' indicating origin, source, or separation. It always governs the genitive case, meaning the noun or pronoun following it will be in the genitive form. It can also be used to express the cause or means by which something occurs.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ἈΠΌ
Etymology: From a primary preposition, meaning 'out of' or 'from'. It is a fundamental word in Greek, indicating separation or origin.
G1438
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Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun
Sounds like: eh-ah-TOO
Translations: (of) himself, (of) herself, (of) itself, (of) themselves
Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject of the sentence. It indicates that the action of the verb is directed back to the one performing it. For example, 'he washed himself'. It is a compound word formed from the personal pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos) and the reflexive pronoun 'ἑαυτοῦ' (heautou).
Inflection: Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter. It can also be used for Feminine or Plural contexts, though the specific form 'ΕΑΥΤΟΥ' is genitive singular masculine/neuter.
Etymology: From the combination of the personal pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos, 'self') and the reflexive pronoun 'ἑαυτοῦ' (heautou, 'of self').
G2776
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Part of Speech: Noun
Sounds like: keh-fah-LEES
Translations: of head, of a head, of a leader, of a source
Notes: This word refers to the physical head of a body. It can also be used metaphorically to denote a leader, chief, or source of something. As a genitive form, it often indicates possession or origin, meaning 'of the head' or 'belonging to the head'.
Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine
G1080
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: eh-GEN-nee-sen
Translations: begot, gave birth to, fathered, bore, produced
Notes: This verb means to beget, to give birth to, or to produce. It is commonly used in genealogies to indicate that one person was the parent of another. It can also refer to the general act of producing or bringing something into existence.
Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person Singular
Synonyms: ΤΙΚΤΩ, ΦΥΩ
Etymology: The word comes from the Greek root 'genos', meaning 'race, stock, kin'. It is related to words concerning origin, birth, and family.
G2443
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Part of Speech: Conjunction
Sounds like: EE-nah
Translations: in order that, that, so that, to
Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause expressing purpose, result, or content. It often translates to 'in order that' or simply 'that' when indicating the aim or outcome of an action. It can also be used to express a command or exhortation, especially when followed by the subjunctive mood.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΟΠΩΣ, ΩΣΤΕ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en- (in). It is related to the preposition 'in' and developed into a conjunction expressing purpose or result.
G1211
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Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle
Sounds like: DAY
Translations: now, indeed, then, already, certainly, truly, come, go to
Notes: This word is an indeclinable particle used to give emphasis, urgency, or to mark a transition in discourse. It can express a sense of 'now' or 'already', or it can be used to urge someone to action, similar to 'come on' or 'go to'. It often adds a sense of immediacy or certainty to a statement.
Inflection: Does not inflect
Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΓΕ, ΝΥΝ
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to emphasize or urge.
G4815
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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle
Sounds like: soo-lah-BON-tes
Translations: seizing, arresting, helping, assisting, taking together, having seized, when they had seized
Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition ΣΥΝ (together with) and the verb ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ (to take, to seize). It means to take or seize together, to arrest, or to help/assist someone. As a participle, it describes an action that occurs alongside or before the main verb, often translated as 'having seized' or 'when they had seized'.
Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural
Synonyms: ΠΙΑΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΒΟΗΘΕΩ
G2503
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Part of Speech: Verb
Sounds like: ka-thire-XOH-sin
Translations: they will imprison, they will confine, they will shut up, they will restrain
Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to imprison,' 'to confine,' 'to shut up,' or 'to restrain.' It is often used in contexts where someone is being held captive or restricted in their movement. It is a compound word formed from the preposition 'κατά' (kata), meaning 'down' or 'against,' and the verb 'εἴργω' (eirgo), meaning 'to shut in' or 'to confine.'
Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Future, Active, Indicative
Synonyms: ΔΕΣΜΕΥΩ, ΦΥΛΑΚΙΖΩ, ΚΑΤΑΣΧΩ
G0846
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Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective
Sounds like: ow-TOS
Translations: he, she, it, they, him, her, it, them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very
Notes: ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is a versatile word in Koine Greek. As a third-person pronoun, it translates to 'he, she, it' or 'they' in the nominative case, and 'him, her, it' or 'them' in other cases. When used intensively, often in the nominative or immediately following the noun, it means 'himself, herself, itself, themselves' or 'even, very'. When used as an adjective with the definite article (e.g., 'ὁ αὐτὸς'), it means 'the same'. Its meaning depends on its grammatical function and position in the sentence.
Inflection: Singular or Plural, Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter
Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ
Etymology: The word ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a pronominal stem *au- or *aw-.
G1565
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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective
Sounds like: eh-KAY-nos
Translations: that, that one, he, she, it, those, they
Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective meaning 'that' or 'that one'. As a pronoun, it refers to a person or thing previously mentioned or understood from context, often emphasizing distance or distinction from the speaker or listener. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, indicating 'that' specific noun. It is used to point out something or someone 'over there' or 'the one previously mentioned', contrasting with 'this' (οὗτος).
Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine
Etymology: From ἐκεῖ (ekeî, 'there'). It refers to something or someone at a distance, contrasting with οὗτος (hoûtos, 'this one, here').
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