2001 Translation

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EN

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at, into, to

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its primary meaning is 'in' or 'within,' indicating location, time, or state. It always takes the dative case. Depending on the context, it can also be translated as 'on,' 'among,' 'with' (indicating accompaniment or instrument), 'by' (indicating means or agent), or 'at.' Sometimes it can imply motion into a place, similar to 'into' or 'to,' especially when the context suggests movement towards a location where something then resides.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It is cognate with English 'in'.

G1063

Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G5067

Part of Speech: Adjective, Ordinal Number

Sounds like: tes-sa-res-KAI-de-tee

Translations: fourteenth, a fourteenth, the fourteenth

Notes: This word is an ordinal number meaning 'fourteenth'. It is a compound word formed from 'τέσσαρες' (four) and 'δέκα' (ten), with the suffix '-τη' indicating the ordinal form. It is used to denote the position in a sequence, such as 'the fourteenth day' or 'the fourteenth hour'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Etymology: The word is a compound of the Koine Greek words 'τέσσαρες' (tessares), meaning 'four', and 'δέκα' (deka), meaning 'ten', with the ordinal suffix '-τη'.

G3588, G3778

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun, Particle

Sounds like: too

Translations: of the, of him, of it, of this, to, in order to

Notes: This word is a form of the definite article 'the' or a demonstrative pronoun 'this/that'. It is most commonly used to indicate possession or relationship, translating as 'of the' or 'of him/it'. It can also be used before an infinitive verb to express purpose, meaning 'to' or 'in order to'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter

Etymology: The word 'Ο' (ho), from which 'ΤΟΥ' is derived, comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient word that has evolved to serve various grammatical functions in Greek.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G3739

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Conjunction

Sounds like: HOS

Translations: who, which, what, that, as, how, when

Notes: The word 'ΟΣ' is a versatile relative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'that,' depending on the context and the gender, number, and case it agrees with. It introduces a relative clause, linking it to a preceding noun or pronoun. It can also function as a conjunction, meaning 'as,' 'how,' or 'when,' indicating manner or time.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Etymology: The word 'ΟΣ' is an ancient Greek word, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European roots. It has been a fundamental part of the Greek language's grammatical structure for millennia, serving to connect clauses and introduce relative information.

G3918

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: par-EEN

Translations: was present, was there, had arrived, came

Notes: This word is a scribal abbreviation for ΠΑΡΗΝ (parēn). It is the third person singular, imperfect active indicative form of the verb ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ (pareimi), which means 'to be present' or 'to have arrived'. It describes an action that was ongoing or a state that existed in the past. For example, 'he/she/it was present' or 'he/she/it had arrived'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΗΝ

Etymology: The word ΠΑΡΕΙΜΙ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΠΑΡΑ (para), meaning 'beside' or 'alongside', and the verb ΕΙΜΙ (eimi), meaning 'to be'. Thus, it literally means 'to be alongside' or 'to be present'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G5259

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: hoo-POH

Translations: under, by, from, with, subject to, at the hand of

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies depending on the grammatical case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically indicates the agent or cause ('by', 'from'). With the dative case, it denotes a static position 'under' something. When used with the accusative case, it signifies motion 'under' or 'into subjection to'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'under'. It is cognate with English 'up' and 'over', showing a shared root related to position.

G2532

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: toh

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΟ is the neuter singular form of the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek. It is used to specify a noun, much like 'the' in English. It can function as both the subject (nominative case) or the direct object (accusative case) of a sentence when referring to a neuter singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The Greek definite article, including ΤΟ, derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. Its forms developed to agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify.

G1378

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: DOG-ma

Translations: decree, an ordinance, doctrine, a doctrine, dogma, a dogma

Notes: This word refers to an official decree, an ordinance, or a settled principle or doctrine. It can be used to describe a public edict issued by an authority, or a religious or philosophical teaching that is considered authoritative. In a sentence, it might refer to a king's decree or a set of religious beliefs.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΙΑΤΑΓΜΑ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΓΜΑ, ΚΡΙΜΑ

Etymology: The word "dogma" comes from the Greek verb δοκέω (dokeō), meaning "to seem, to think, to appear." It originally referred to that which seems good or is thought to be true, evolving to mean an opinion, then a public decree or an established doctrine.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun

Sounds like: TAY

Translations: to the, for the, by the, with the, in the, who, which

Notes: This word is the dative singular feminine form of the definite article, meaning 'to the', 'for the', 'by the', 'with the', or 'in the' when used with a feminine noun in the dative case. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', referring to a feminine antecedent. It is used to specify a particular feminine noun or to introduce a relative clause.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It developed from an earlier demonstrative pronoun in Ancient Greek.

G5610

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: OH-rah

Translations: hour, an hour, time, season, moment

Notes: This word refers to a specific period of time, which can be an hour, a particular time of day, a season, or a crucial moment. It is often used to denote a fixed or appointed time, such as 'the hour has come' for an event to occur. It can also refer to a specific season of the year.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΑΙΡΟΣ, ΧΡΟΝΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'year, season'. It refers to a limited period of time, a season, or a specific hour.

G3588, G3739, G2228

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G0480

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun

Sounds like: an-tee-KEE-meh-noy

Translations: opponents, adversaries, those who oppose, those who are opposed

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle of the verb 'αντικειμαι' (antikeimai), meaning 'to lie opposite, to be opposed to'. In this form, it functions as a noun, referring to individuals or groups who are in opposition or are adversaries. It describes people who stand against someone or something, often in a hostile or conflicting manner.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Middle/Passive

Synonyms: ΕΧΘΡΟΙ, ΑΝΤΙΔΙΚΟΙ, ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΙ

Etymology: The word 'αντικειμαι' is a compound word formed from 'αντι' (anti), meaning 'against' or 'opposite', and 'κειμαι' (keimai), meaning 'to lie' or 'to be placed'. Thus, it literally means 'to lie opposite' or 'to be placed against'.

G3762

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: OO-DEYS

Translations: no one, nobody, nothing, none, no, not any

Notes: This word is a compound word meaning 'no one' or 'nobody' when used as a pronoun. It can also function as an adjective meaning 'no' or 'not any', modifying a noun. It is used to express a complete absence or negation of something or someone.

Inflection: Inflects for gender, number, and case (e.g., Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative; Singular, Plural; Masculine, Feminine, Neuter).

Synonyms: ΟΥΔΕΝ, ΜΗΔΕΙΣ

Etymology: From the negative particle ΟΥ (ou, 'not') and the indefinite pronoun ΔΕΙΣ (deis, 'anyone'), which is a form of ΕΙΣ (heis, 'one'). It literally means 'not even one'.

G0436

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: an-TES-tay

Translations: he resisted, she resisted, it resisted, he stood against, she stood against, it stood against

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to resist' or 'to stand against'. It describes an action of opposition or defiance. It is often used in contexts where someone or something actively opposes another person, idea, or force. It is a compound word formed from 'ΑΝΤΙ' (anti, meaning 'against') and 'ΙΣΤΗΜΙ' (histemi, meaning 'to stand').

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΑΝΤΙΛΕΓΩ, ΑΝΤΙΤΑΤΤΩ

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G4383

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pros-OH-po

Translations: face, presence, person, appearance, countenance, a face, a presence, a person

Notes: This word refers primarily to the 'face' of a person or animal. By extension, it can mean 'presence' (being in front of someone) or 'appearance'. In some contexts, it can also refer to the 'person' themselves, or their 'outward aspect'. It is often used in phrases like 'from the face of' (ἐκ προσώπου) to mean 'from the presence of' or 'away from'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΨΙΣ, ΕΙΔΟΣ, ΜΟΡΦΗ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek πρός (pros, "to, towards") and ὤψ (ōps, "eye, face"). It literally means "towards the eye" or "that which is before the eye."

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOH

Translations: (to) him, (to) her, (to) it, (to) them, (for) him, (for) her, (for) it, (for) them, himself, herself, itself, themselves, the same

Notes: This word is a personal pronoun that can also function as an adjective. In its pronominal use, it typically means 'him', 'her', 'it', or 'them', depending on the gender and number. When used intensively, it can mean 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'themselves', emphasizing the subject. As an adjective, it means 'the same'. The form ΑΥΤΩ is in the dative case, indicating the indirect object of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΥΤΟΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly from a demonstrative pronominal stem. It is a fundamental pronoun in Greek, used across various dialects and periods.

G5399

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: foh-boo-MEH-noos

Translations: fearing, those fearing, being afraid, those being afraid

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb 'phobeo', meaning 'to fear' or 'to be afraid'. In this form, it describes individuals who are in the act of fearing or being afraid. It can function substantively, meaning 'those who fear' or 'those who are afraid', often referring to people who revere or respect God.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Masculine, Plural, Accusative

Synonyms: ΔΕΔΙΟΤΑΣ, ΤΡΕΜΟΝΤΑΣ

G5399

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: foh-BOO-meh-nos

Translations: fearing, being afraid, revering, respecting, one who fears, he who fears

Notes: This word is a present middle/passive participle derived from the verb ΦΟΒΕΩ, meaning 'to fear' or 'to be afraid'. In a religious context, it can also mean 'to revere' or 'to respect God'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing someone who is in the state of fearing or revering, or describing an action done while fearing. It can be translated as 'fearing' or 'one who fears'.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive, Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΔΕΙΛΙΑΩ, ΤΡΕΜΩ

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOOS

Translations: them, themselves, him, it, the same

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ' (autos). In this specific form, it is used to mean 'them' or 'themselves' when referring to masculine plural nouns in the accusative case. It can also function as an intensive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', 'itself', or 'the same' depending on the context and agreement with the noun it modifies. When used as a personal pronoun, it often refers back to a previously mentioned noun.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΕΚΕΙΝΟΥΣ, ΣΦΑΣ

G5183

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: too-RAN-noy

Translations: tyrants, rulers, absolute rulers, despots

Notes: This word refers to absolute rulers or despots, often implying a sense of oppressive or arbitrary power. It is used to describe those who hold supreme authority, sometimes without legitimate claim or with a tendency towards cruelty. In ancient Greek contexts, a 'tyrant' was simply a ruler who seized power unconstitutionally, not necessarily one who was evil, though the negative connotation developed over time.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΟΝΤΕΣ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΣ, ΗΓΕΜΟΝΕΣ

G1122

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: grah-mah-TAYSS

Translations: scribes, secretaries, clerks

Notes: This word refers to individuals who were skilled in writing, often serving as copyists, record-keepers, or public notaries. In ancient societies, especially in Jewish contexts, scribes were highly respected for their knowledge of the law and scriptures, often acting as interpreters and teachers. They could also serve in administrative roles for kings or officials.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΝΟΜΟΔΙΔΑΣΚΑΛΟΙ, ΝΟΜΙΚΟΙ

Etymology: From γράμμα (gramma, "a letter, writing") and the suffix -εύς (-eus, indicating an agent or profession). It literally means "one who deals with letters or writing."

G5091

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-TEE-mon

Translations: they were honoring, they were valuing, they were esteeming, they were paying, they were revering

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'τιμάω' (timaō), meaning 'to honor,' 'to value,' or 'to pay.' It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, indicating that 'they' (a third-person plural subject) were in the process of honoring, valuing, or paying someone or something.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΔΟΞΑΖΩ, ΣΕΒΟΜΑΙ, ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΕΩ

Etymology: The word 'τιμάω' (timaō) is derived from 'τιμή' (timē), meaning 'honor' or 'value.' Its origin can be traced back to Proto-Indo-European roots related to valuing or estimating.

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G2453

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-ee-oos

Translations: Jews, the Jews

Notes: This word refers to a Jew, an inhabitant of Judea, or a follower of Judaism. In its accusative plural form, it is used as the direct object of a verb or after certain prepositions, indicating 'Jews' as the recipients of an action or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΒΡΑΙΟΥΣ, ΙΣΡΑΗΛΙΤΑΣ

Etymology: The word 'ΙΟΥΔΑΙΟΣ' is derived from 'ΙΟΥΔΑ' (Judah), referring to the tribe of Judah or the region of Judea. It signifies someone belonging to or originating from Judah.

G5401

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: FOH-bos

Translations: fear, a fear, terror, dread, reverence, respect

Notes: This word refers to the emotion of fear, dread, or terror. It can also denote reverence or respect, especially in a religious context, such as the 'fear of God'. It is a masculine noun and can be used in various grammatical cases depending on its role in a sentence.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΔΕΟΣ, ΤΡΟΜΟΣ, ΕΥΛΑΒΕΙΑ

Etymology: From the Proto-Indo-European root *bhegʷ- meaning 'to flee, to run away'. In Greek, it evolved to refer to the emotion that causes one to flee or be afraid.

G1752

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EH-neh-ken

Translations: for the sake of, on account of, because of, for, concerning

Notes: The word "ΕΝΕΚΙΤΟ" appears to be a misspelling or a scribal error for "ΕΝΕΚΕΝ" (heneken), which is a preposition. It is used to express cause, reason, or purpose, meaning "for the sake of," "on account of," or "because of." It typically takes the genitive case. In the provided context, it would likely introduce the reason or cause for an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition), but governs the genitive case.

Synonyms: ΔΙΑ, ΧΑΡΙΝ

G4363

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-EP-eh-sen

Translations: fell upon, fell down before, happened, occurred, approached, attacked

Notes: This word is a compound verb formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards,' and the verb πίπτω (piptō), meaning 'to fall.' In its aorist form, it describes an action that happened at a specific point in the past. It can mean to fall upon someone or something, often in supplication or attack, or to happen or occur, especially in reference to events or news. It can also imply approaching or encountering.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΠΙΠΤΩ, ΣΥΜΒΑΙΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word προσπίπτω is a compound of the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to, towards, with,' and the verb πίπτω (piptō), meaning 'to fall.' The combination signifies 'to fall towards' or 'to fall upon.'

G3170

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-meh-gah-LY-neh-toh

Translations: was magnified, was made great, was exalted, was praised, was glorified

Notes: This is a verb in the imperfect tense, indicating a continuous or repeated action in the past. It describes something or someone being made great, magnified, exalted, or praised. It can refer to an increase in size, importance, or honor. In the provided context, it suggests Mordecai was continuously becoming great or being exalted.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΥΨΟΩ, ΔΟΞΑΖΩ, ΑΥΞΑΝΩ

G4198

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: por-YOO-oh-men-os

Translations: going, walking, traveling, proceeding, a traveler, one who goes

Notes: This word is a present participle, meaning 'going' or 'walking'. It describes an action that is currently happening or ongoing. It can function adjectivally, modifying a noun, or substantively, acting as a noun itself (e.g., 'the one who is going'). It is often used to describe someone moving from one place to another, or metaphorically, to describe a course of action or way of life.

Inflection: Present, Middle/Passive Voice, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΟΔΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word πορεύομαι (poreuomai) is derived from πόρος (poros), meaning 'a way, a passage, a ford'. It signifies movement along a path or journey.

G1968

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-PEH-sen

Translations: fell upon, fell on, came upon, overtook, seized

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition 'ἐπί' (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'on', and the verb 'πίπτω' (pipto), meaning 'to fall'. Therefore, it means 'to fall upon' or 'to fall on'. It describes an action where something or someone descends or lands on another, often with force or suddenness. It can also imply an overwhelming or seizing action, such as a spirit or fear coming upon someone.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΙΠΤΩ, ΚΑΤΑΠΙΠΤΩ, ΠΡΟΣΠΙΠΤΩ

G4368

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pros-TAG-ma

Translations: commandment, command, ordinance, decree, a commandment, an ordinance

Notes: This word refers to a command, order, or decree, often issued by an authority. It signifies something that has been enjoined or prescribed. It is typically used to refer to divine or human laws and regulations.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΕΝΤΟΛΗ, ΔΙΚΑΙΩΜΑ, ΝΟΜΟΣ

Etymology: From the verb προστάσσω (prostassō), meaning 'to order, command, appoint', which is formed from πρός (pros, 'to, toward') and τάσσω (tassō, 'to arrange, order').

G5613

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition

Sounds like: OHS

Translations: as, like, when, how, about, approximately, that, so that

Notes: ΩΣ is a versatile particle in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction or adverb. It is used to introduce comparisons ('as,' 'like'), indicate time ('when'), express manner ('how'), or denote purpose or result ('so that,' 'that'). It can also indicate approximation ('about,' 'approximately') or serve as a preposition meaning 'to' or 'towards' with certain cases.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣΠΕΡ, ΚΑΘΩΣ, ΩΣΑΝΕΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to demonstrative pronouns and adverbs indicating manner or comparison.

G3687

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: oh-no-mas-THEE-nai

Translations: to be named, to be called, to be given a name

Notes: This word is the aorist passive infinitive form of the verb 'onomazo', meaning 'to name' or 'to call'. As an infinitive, it functions like a verbal noun, often translated as 'to be named' or 'to be called'. It indicates the action of being given a name or designation, rather than performing the naming itself. It can be used in various constructions where the subject is the one receiving the name.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΚΑΛΕΙΣΘΑΙ, ΕΠΙΚΑΛΕΙΣΘΑΙ

G3956

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: PAH-see

Translations: (to) all, (to) every, (to) whole, (to) any, (of) all, (of) every, (of) whole, (of) any

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all,' 'every,' 'whole,' or 'any.' It is used to describe a quantity or entirety. For example, it can be used with a noun to mean 'all the people' or 'every house.' In the provided examples, 'ΠΑΣΗ ΧΩΡΑ' means 'in every land' or 'in all the land,' indicating its use to modify a feminine singular noun.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine; or Singular, Genitive, Feminine; or Plural, Nominative, Neuter; or Plural, Accusative, Neuter; or Plural, Vocative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΛΟΣ, ΑΠΑΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'all' or 'every.'

G2453

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-ee-oy

Translations: Jews, Jewish people

Notes: This word refers to the inhabitants of Judea, or more broadly, to the Jewish people, descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, who adhere to Judaism. In the New Testament, it often distinguishes them from Gentiles (non-Jews). It is used to describe the ethnic and religious group.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Vocative

Synonyms: ΕΒΡΑΙΟΙ, ΙΣΡΑΗΛΙΤΑΙ

Etymology: From the Hebrew word 'Yehudah' (Judah), referring to the tribe of Judah and later the kingdom of Judah. The Greek form 'Ioudaios' means 'of Judah' or 'a Judean', which then came to mean 'Jew'.

G0622

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-POH-leh-san

Translations: they destroyed, they lost, they perished, they ruined

Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'apollymi'. It means 'they destroyed', 'they lost', 'they perished', or 'they ruined'. The verb 'apollymi' itself carries the core meaning of destroying, losing, or causing to perish, often with a sense of utter destruction or ruin. In this specific form, it describes an action completed in the past by a group of people.

Inflection: 3rd Person Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ, ΟΛΕΘΡΕΥΩ, ΔΙΑΦΘΕΙΡΩ

Etymology: The word 'apollymi' comes from the prefix 'apo-' (meaning 'from' or 'away from') and 'ollymi' (meaning 'to destroy' or 'to lose'). It signifies a complete separation or removal leading to destruction or loss.

Part of Speech: Letter

Sounds like: FEE

Translations: Phi, Ph

Notes: Phi is the 21st letter of the Greek alphabet. In Koine Greek, it typically represents an aspirated voiceless bilabial plosive sound, similar to the 'p' in 'pot' followed by an 'h' sound, or the 'ph' in 'philosophy'. In later periods, its pronunciation shifted to a voiceless labiodental fricative, like the English 'f'. It can also be used as a numeral, representing the number 500.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: Derived from the Phoenician letter Qoph. Its form and position in the alphabet evolved as it was adopted by the Greeks.

G5037

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: roo-FAY-on

Translations: Rouphaion

Notes: This word is a proper noun, likely referring to a place or a people. It is not commonly found in standard Koine Greek lexicons but appears in historical texts, such as the Septuagint, where it denotes a specific geographical location or an ethnic group. Its precise meaning and origin are obscure, and it functions as a name rather than a descriptive term.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Etymology: The etymology of ΡΟΥΦΑΙΟΝ is uncertain. It appears to be a transliteration of a foreign name, possibly of Semitic origin, into Greek. No clear Greek root or derivation is identifiable.

G2197

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: zah-boo-DEH-thah

Translations: Zabudetha

Notes: Zabudetha is a proper noun, specifically a masculine personal name. It is the Greek transliteration of a Hebrew name, likely referring to an individual in a genealogical list or narrative. As a proper noun, it does not inflect for case or number in the same way common nouns do, but its form here is likely nominative.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: This word is a transliteration of the Hebrew name זְבוּדָה (Zebudah), meaning 'given' or 'bestowed'. It is found in the Old Testament, for example, as the mother of King Jehoiakim.

G1283

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-eer-PAH-san

Translations: plundered, they plundered, they seized as spoil, they carried off as plunder

Notes: This word describes the act of plundering, seizing, or carrying off something as spoil. It implies a forceful and often violent taking of possessions, typically after a conquest or attack. It is used to describe what a group of people did.

Inflection: Third Person Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΡΠΑΖΩ, ΣΚΥΛΕΥΩ

Etymology: The word διαρπάζω (diarpazō) is a compound word formed from διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and ἁρπάζω (harpazō), meaning 'to seize', 'to snatch', or 'to carry off'. The prefix διά intensifies the action of seizing, implying a thorough or complete plundering.

G0622

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-po-LOH-loh-TON

Translations: (of) lost, (of) destroyed, (of) perished, (of) ruined, (of) dead

Notes: This word is the genitive plural masculine or neuter perfect active participle of the verb APOLLUMI. It refers to those who have been lost, destroyed, or have perished. It can describe people who are spiritually lost or physically dead, or things that have been ruined or wasted. In a sentence, it would function as a possessive or descriptive modifier for a plural noun, indicating 'of the ones who are lost' or 'belonging to the destroyed ones'.

Inflection: Perfect Active Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΕΝΩΝ, ΟΛΟΘΡΕΥΟΜΕΝΩΝ, ΦΘΕΙΡΟΜΕΝΩΝ

G1161

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G0935

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-see-LEHFS

Translations: king, a king, ruler, sovereign

Notes: This word refers to a king or a ruler, someone who holds supreme authority over a territory or people. It is commonly used to denote a monarch or sovereign. In a sentence, it would function as a noun, often as the subject or object, indicating the person in power.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to a word meaning 'base' or 'foundation', suggesting one who stands at the foundation of power or authority. It has been used since ancient Greek times to refer to a monarch.

G4314

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PROSS

Translations: to, toward, with, against, for, at, near, by, in relation to

Notes: This is a common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. It indicates direction, relation, or purpose, and its precise meaning often depends on the case of the noun it governs. For example, with the accusative case, it typically means 'to' or 'toward' (indicating motion or direction), 'against' (indicating opposition), or 'in relation to'. With the genitive case, it can mean 'from' (indicating origin or source) or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'at' or 'near' (indicating proximity). It is used to express a wide range of relationships between actions, objects, and people.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs various cases (accusative, genitive, dative).

Synonyms: ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'forward, toward'. It is related to other words indicating movement or direction.

G4066

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: peh-ree-KHO-roh

Translations: region, surrounding region, surrounding country, neighborhood, a region, a surrounding region

Notes: This word refers to the area or country surrounding a particular place, often a city or town. It denotes the immediate vicinity or the broader district around a central point. It is a compound word formed from 'περί' (around) and 'χώρα' (land/country).

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΩΡΑ, ΓΗ, ΤΟΠΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition περί (peri), meaning 'around' or 'about', and the noun χώρα (chōra), meaning 'land', 'country', or 'place'. It literally means 'the land around'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ekh-RAY-san-toh

Translations: they used, they made use of, they dealt with, they treated

Notes: This word is the third person plural, aorist indicative middle/passive form of the verb 'chraomai'. It means 'they used' or 'they made use of' something, often implying a practical application or interaction. It can also convey the sense of 'they dealt with' or 'they treated' someone or something in a particular manner.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice

Synonyms: ΧΡΩΜΑΙ, ΚΕΧΡΗΜΑΙ, ΧΡΗΣΘΑΙ

Etymology: The verb ΧΡΑΟΜΑΙ (chraomai) is derived from the root ΧΡΑΩ (chraō), meaning 'to need' or 'to desire'. It evolved to signify 'to use' or 'to employ' something to satisfy a need or desire.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: keh-KHRAYN-tai

Translations: they have used, they have employed, they have dealt with, they have consulted

Notes: This is a verb in the perfect tense, middle/passive voice, third person plural. It means 'they have used' or 'they have employed'. It can also mean 'to deal with' or 'to consult'. The perfect tense indicates a completed action with ongoing results.

Inflection: Perfect, Middle/Passive, Indicative, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΧΡΩΜΑΙ, ΕΧΩ

Etymology: From an assumed prolonged form of the primary verb χράω (chraō), meaning 'to furnish' or 'to utter an oracle'. The middle voice form χράομαι (chraomai) then developed the meaning 'to use' or 'to employ'.

G5101

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TEE

Translations: what, why, what kind of, how much, something, anything, a certain thing

Notes: This word is the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun 'τίς'. It can be used to ask 'what?' or 'why?', or to refer to 'something' or 'anything' in an indefinite sense. When used as an adjective, it means 'what kind of' or 'how much'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: The word 'ΤΙ' originates from Proto-Indo-European, serving as the neuter singular form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun.

G3767

Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, accordingly, consequently, so, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or continuation. It often introduces a conclusion or a statement that follows from what has just been said. It can also be used to resume a narrative or to emphasize a point, sometimes translated as 'now' or 'indeed' in such contexts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂u, a particle indicating 'away from'. In Greek, it developed into a particle of inference or transition.

G0001

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: AX-ee-oys

Translations: worthy, deserving, fitting, suitable, a worthy one, a deserving one, (to) worthy ones, (to) deserving ones, (by) worthy ones, (by) deserving ones

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'worthy' or 'deserving'. It describes someone or something that has the appropriate value, merit, or standing for a particular situation or action. It can be used to indicate that someone is fit for a position, deserving of praise or punishment, or that something is appropriate or suitable. In this form, it is plural and can function as a dative case (indicating 'to' or 'for' worthy ones) or an instrumental case (indicating 'by' or 'with' worthy ones).

Inflection: Plural, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter, Dative or Instrumental

Synonyms: ΕΥΛΟΓΗΤΟΣ, ΚΑΤΑΛΛΗΛΟΣ, ΠΡΕΠΩΝ

Etymology: The word ΑΞΙΟΣ (axios) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ag- meaning 'to drive, draw, move'. It is related to the idea of 'weighing' or 'balancing', thus leading to the sense of 'having equal weight' or 'being worthy'.

G2089

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: EH-tee

Translations: still, yet, even, besides, further, moreover, again, no longer

Notes: This word is an adverb used to indicate continuation, addition, or emphasis. It can mean 'still' or 'yet' when referring to something ongoing, 'further' or 'moreover' when adding information, or 'even' for emphasis. It can also be used with a negative to mean 'no longer' or 'not yet'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΤΙ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eti, meaning 'beyond, in addition'. It is related to the English word 'et' (and).

G1510

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ES-tai

Translations: will be, shall be, it will be, it shall be

Notes: This word is the third person singular future indicative form of the verb 'to be' (εἰμί). It signifies an action or state that will occur in the future. It is commonly used to express future existence, occurrence, or a future state of being, often translated as 'will be' or 'shall be'. For example, 'it will be done' or 'he will be there'.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Future, Indicative, Middle/Passive (deponent in future)

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (to be). It is a very ancient and fundamental verb in the Greek language, tracing its roots back to the earliest stages of Indo-European.

G4771

Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: SOY

Translations: (to) you, (for) you, you

Notes: This is the second-person singular dative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'to you' or 'for you'. It can also simply translate as 'you' when the context implies a dative relationship, such as indirect object or a recipient of an action. It is used to indicate the person to whom something is given, said, or done, or for whom an action is performed. For example, 'I give to you' or 'I do this for you'.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Second Person

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a very ancient pronoun, found across many Indo-European languages.

G2007

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: es-THER

Translations: Esther

Notes: This is a proper noun, referring to Esther, the Jewish queen of Persia and the central figure in the biblical Book of Esther. The apostrophe at the end (keraia) indicates that this is a numeral, specifically the number 2007, which corresponds to the Strong's number for Esther. Therefore, it represents the name Esther.

Inflection: Singular, Feminine, Nominative

Etymology: The name Esther is of Persian origin, derived from the Old Persian word 'stāra', meaning 'star'. It is also associated with the Babylonian goddess Ishtar.

G1325

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: doh-THEE-toh

Translations: let it be given, it should be given, may it be given

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist passive imperative form of the verb 'δίδωμι' (didomi), meaning 'to give'. It expresses a command or strong request for something to be given or granted. It is used when the subject of the giving action is not specified, but the object being given is. For example, 'Let it be given to him' or 'It should be given'.

Inflection: Third person singular, Aorist, Passive, Imperative

Synonyms: ΔΩΡΗΘΗΤΩ, ΧΑΡΙΣΘΗΤΩ

G5543

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: KHRAY-steh

Translations: good, kind, useful, a good person, a kind person

Notes: This word, 'CHRESTE', is an inflected form of the adjective 'CHRESTOS'. It describes something or someone as good, kind, or useful. It can also be used as a noun to refer to a good or kind person. In the provided examples, it appears to be used in a vocative sense, addressing someone as 'good one' or 'kind one', or potentially as a dative singular form of the adjective 'CHRESTOS' meaning 'to the good/kind one'. Given the context of the examples, it's most likely a vocative addressing God or a person, or a dative form related to 'χρηστεύω' (to show oneself kind). However, 'ΧΡΗΣΤΕ' itself is most commonly the vocative singular masculine/feminine of 'ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ' (chrestos), meaning 'O good one' or 'O kind one'. It can also be the dative singular masculine/neuter of 'ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ'.

Inflection: Singular, Vocative, Masculine or Feminine; or Singular, Dative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΓΑΘΟΣ, ΚΑΛΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'CHRESTOS' (from which 'CHRESTE' is derived) comes from the Greek verb 'χράομαι' (chraomai), meaning 'to use'. It originally meant 'useful' or 'serviceable', and later developed the broader sense of 'good' or 'kind'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: KHRAY-sas-thai

Translations: to use, to employ, to make use of, to consult

Notes: This word is an aorist infinitive form of the deponent verb 'χράομαι'. As a deponent verb, it appears in the middle or passive voice but carries an active meaning. It generally means 'to use' or 'to employ' something, and often takes an object in the dative case. It can also mean 'to consult' an oracle or person.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle/Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΧΡΗΣΙΜΕΥΩ, ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΠΟΙΕΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- 'to desire, want'. In Greek, it developed the sense of 'to need' and then 'to use'.

G5615

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: oh-SAH-tooce

Translations: likewise, in like manner, similarly, even so

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'likewise' or 'in the same way'. It is used to indicate that something is done or happens in a similar manner to what has just been mentioned. It can connect ideas or actions that share a common characteristic or method.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΜΟΙΩΣ, ΠΑΡΑΠΛΗΣΙΩΣ

Etymology: From the conjunction ΩΣ (as) and the pronoun ΑΥΤΟΣ (self, same). It literally means 'as the same' or 'in the same way'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

G5620

Part of Speech: Conjunction

Sounds like: HOH-steh

Translations: so that, in order that, consequently, therefore, with the result that

Notes: This word is a conjunction used to introduce a clause of result or purpose. It indicates that what follows is a consequence or the intended outcome of what was previously stated. It can also introduce an infinitive clause to express result.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΔΙΟ

Etymology: From the adverb ὡς (hōs), meaning 'as' or 'how', combined with the particle τε (te), meaning 'and' or 'also'. It developed to express result or consequence.

G2914

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kreh-MAH-sai

Translations: to hang, to suspend, to be hanged

Notes: This word is an aorist active infinitive form of the verb meaning 'to hang' or 'to suspend'. It describes the action of causing something to be suspended from above, or to be put to death by hanging. It is used to express the purpose or result of an action, often translated with 'to' + verb.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΝΑΡΤΑΩ, ΕΞΑΡΤΑΩ

Etymology: The word ΚΡΕΜΑΝΝΥΜΙ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to hang'. It is related to words in other Indo-European languages that also refer to hanging or suspending.

G2910

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: kre-mas-THE-nai

Translations: to be hanged, to be suspended, to be crucified

Notes: This word is an aorist passive infinitive, meaning 'to be hanged' or 'to be suspended'. It describes the action of being hung up or suspended, often referring to execution by hanging or crucifixion. It can be used in contexts where something is literally suspended, or metaphorically, as in a law 'hanging' on principles.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΣΤΑΥΡΩΘΗΝΑΙ, ΑΝΑΡΤΗΘΗΝΑΙ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek κρεμάννυμι (kremánnumi), meaning 'to hang, suspend'.

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: EP-ee

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, by, for, concerning, during, after, of, a

Notes: This word is a very common preposition and adverb in Koine Greek. As a preposition, its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on,' 'upon,' 'over,' 'in the time of,' or 'concerning.' With the dative case, it can mean 'on,' 'at,' 'by,' 'for,' or 'in addition to.' With the accusative case, it typically means 'to,' 'against,' 'upon,' 'over,' or 'for the purpose of.' It is also frequently used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'upon,' 'over,' 'to,' or 'in addition.'

Inflection: Governs Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases. Does not inflect itself.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΥΠΕΡ, ΚΑΤΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

G1994

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-es-TREP-sen

Translations: he returned, he turned back, he converted, he turned around

Notes: This word is the aorist (simple past) tense, third person singular form of the verb 'epistrephō'. It means 'he returned', 'he turned back', or 'he converted'. It describes an action of turning around, either physically to go back to a place, or metaphorically to change one's course of action, belief, or allegiance, often implying a turning to God or a change of heart.

Inflection: Aorist Indicative Active, 3rd Person Singular

Synonyms: ΥΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΣΤΡΕΦΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (EPI), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb ΣΤΡΕΦΩ (STREPHO), meaning 'to turn'. Thus, it literally means 'to turn upon' or 'to turn towards'.

G2010

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-TREP-sen

Translations: he permitted, he allowed, he gave permission, he entrusted, he committed

Notes: This is a verb in the third person singular, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'epitrepō'. It means 'he permitted' or 'he allowed'. It describes an action completed in the past, where someone gave permission or authority for something to happen or for someone to do something. It can also mean 'to entrust' or 'to commit' something to someone.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΦΙΗΜΙ, ΔΙΔΩΜΙ, ΕΞΕΣΤΙ

Etymology: The word 'epitrepō' is a compound verb formed from the preposition 'epi' (upon, over) and the verb 'trepō' (to turn). The combination suggests turning something over to someone, hence 'to permit' or 'to entrust'.

G3779

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OO-toh

Translations: thus, so, in this way, in like manner

Notes: This word is an adverb of manner, indicating how something is done or the way in which something occurs. It can also refer to the extent or degree of something. It is often used to introduce a consequence or a comparison, meaning 'in this way' or 'thus'. It is an older form of ΟΥΤΩΣ, and both forms are used interchangeably in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥΤΩΣ, ΩΣ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos, 'this'). It indicates 'in this manner' or 'thus', referring back to something previously mentioned or implied.

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ge-NEH-sthai

Translations: to become, to be, to happen, to come to pass, to arise, to be made, to be born

Notes: This word is the aorist middle infinitive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It signifies the action of coming into being, happening, or being made. It can also mean to be born or to arise. As an infinitive, it often functions like 'to become' or 'to happen' in English, frequently used after verbs that express desire, ability, or necessity.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ, ΠΟΙΕΩ

G2007

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-THEE-keh

Translations: he put on, he laid on, he placed on, he added, he imposed

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'epitithēmi'. It means 'he/she/it put on', 'laid on', or 'placed on'. It describes an action completed in the past, often implying the application of something to a surface or person, or the imposition of a burden or rule. It can also mean to add something.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΠΡΟΣΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΠΙΒΑΛΛΩ

Etymology: The verb ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'on', and the verb ΤΙΘΗΜΙ (tithēmi), meaning 'to put' or 'to place'.

G1620

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ex-ETH-ee-keh

Translations: he exposed, he laid out, he set out, he put out, he explained, he expounded, he abandoned, he cast out

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb 'ΕΚΤΙΘΗΜΙ'. It means 'he exposed', 'he laid out', 'he set out', or 'he put out'. In a broader sense, it can also mean 'to explain' or 'to expound' something, or even 'to abandon' or 'to cast out' someone, especially an infant. Its meaning depends on the context.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ, ΕΞΗΓΕΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek 'ἐκ' (ek, 'out of') and 'τίθημι' (tithēmi, 'to put, place'). It literally means 'to put out' or 'to place out'.

Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G4863

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: soon-EEKH-theh-san

Translations: they were gathered, they assembled, they came together

Notes: This is a compound verb meaning to be gathered together or to assemble. It describes a group of people coming together in one place, often for a specific purpose or in response to an event. It is formed from the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ἄγω (agō), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΝΤΑΙ, ΣΥΝΕΛΘΟΝΤΕΣ

Etymology: The word is a compound of the preposition σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the verb ἄγω (agō), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'. It describes the action of bringing or leading things or people together.

Part of Speech: Letter, Numeral, Particle

Sounds like: EP-see-lon (as a letter name), eh (as a sound)

Translations: E, 5, if, then, indeed

Notes: This is the fifth letter of the Greek alphabet, epsilon. It can represent the number 5. As a standalone word, 'Ε' is not typically found in Koine Greek texts. It is highly probable that 'Ε' in the provided context is a typographical error or an abbreviation for a word like 'εἰ' (if) or 'ἐν' (in). If it were 'εἰ', it would function as a conditional particle meaning 'if'. If it were 'ἐν', it would be a preposition meaning 'in' or 'among'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a letter or numeral). As a particle, it does not inflect.

Etymology: The letter Epsilon (Ε) is derived from the Phoenician letter He. Its name 'epsilon' means 'simple E' to distinguish it from the diphthong 'αι' (ai), which had come to be pronounced the same way.

Part of Speech: Ordinal Numeral, Adjective

Sounds like: trees-keh-DEH-kah-tay

Translations: thirteenth, a thirteenth

Notes: This word is an ordinal numeral, meaning 'thirteenth'. It is used to indicate position in a sequence, similar to how 'first', 'second', or 'third' are used in English. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, agreeing with it in gender, number, and case. For example, it could describe 'the thirteenth day' or 'the thirteenth hour'.

Inflection: Feminine, Singular, Dative

Etymology: The word is a compound of τρίς (tris, 'thrice'), καί (kai, 'and'), and δέκατος (dekatos, 'tenth'). Literally, it means 'thrice and tenth', forming 'thirteenth'.

G3762

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: oo-DEN

Translations: nothing, no one, none, a nothing, not even one, no

Notes: This word means "nothing" or "no one." It is used to express a complete absence or negation of something. It can function as a pronoun, meaning "nothing" or "no one," or as an adjective, meaning "no" or "not even one" when modifying a noun. It is a compound word formed from the negative particle ΟΥ (ou, "not") and ΔΕΝ (den, an emphatic particle).

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΜΗΔΕΝ, ΟΥΔΕΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΔΕΝ is a compound of the negative particle ΟΥ (ou), meaning "not," and ΔΕΝ (den), an emphatic particle. It emphasizes a complete negation.

G3062

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: LOY-poy

Translations: the rest, the remaining, the others, the leftover

Notes: This word refers to what is left over or remaining from a group or quantity. It can function as an adjective, modifying a noun to indicate the 'remaining' ones, or as a substantive noun, meaning 'the rest' or 'the others'. It is often used to distinguish a particular group from the remainder.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΛΟΙΠΟΙ, ΥΠΟΛΟΙΠΟΙ

Etymology: From the verb λείπω (leípō), meaning 'to leave' or 'to remain'.

G0932

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-see-LEH-ah

Translations: kingdom, reign, royal power, a kingdom

Notes: This word refers to a kingdom, royal rule, or sovereignty. It can denote the territory ruled by a king, the act of reigning, or the abstract concept of kingship or royal authority. It is often used in the New Testament to refer to the 'kingdom of God' or 'kingdom of heaven'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΝ, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word βασιλεύς (basileus), meaning 'king'. It refers to the domain or authority of a king.

G1438

Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-ah-TOYS

Translations: (to) themselves, (for) themselves, themselves, (among) themselves

Notes: This is a reflexive pronoun, meaning 'himself, herself, itself, themselves'. It is used when the action of the verb is directed back to the subject of the sentence. For example, 'they gave to themselves' or 'they saw themselves'. It emphasizes that the subject is both the actor and the recipient of the action.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter)

Etymology: From Ancient Greek, a compound of the reflexive pronoun 'ἑός' (heos, 'his own') and the intensive pronoun 'αὐτός' (autos, 'self').

G0997

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-boh-EH-thoon

Translations: they were helping, they were assisting, they were aiding, they were coming to the aid of, they were succoring

Notes: This word is the third person plural, imperfect active indicative form of the verb ΒΟΗΘΕΩ (boetheo). It describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, meaning 'they were helping' or 'they were assisting'. It implies a continuous effort to provide aid or support to someone or something.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΓΕΩ, ΕΠΙΚΟΥΡΕΩ, ΑΡΩΓΕΩ

Etymology: The verb ΒΟΗΘΕΩ (boetheo) is derived from βοή (boe), meaning 'a cry' or 'a shout', and θέω (theo), meaning 'to run'. Thus, it literally means 'to run at a cry for help', signifying to come to someone's aid when they call out.

G4012

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G5590

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: psy-KHES

Translations: of soul, of a soul, of life, of a life, of mind, of a mind, of self, of a self

Notes: This word refers to the soul, life, mind, or self. It can denote the vital breath, the seat of emotions and intellect, or the individual person. As a genitive form, it typically indicates possession, origin, or relationship, often translated with 'of' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΝΕΥΜΑ, ΖΩΗ, ΝΟΥΣ

Etymology: The word ΨΥΧΗ (psyche) originates from the verb ψύχω (psycho), meaning 'to breathe' or 'to blow'. This connection highlights its primary meaning related to the breath of life.

G373

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-neh-PAH-oo-sahn-toh

Translations: they rested, they refreshed themselves, they ceased, they paused

Notes: This word is the aorist middle indicative, third person plural form of the verb PAUŌ. It describes an action completed in the past by a group of people for their own benefit or in which they participated. It means 'they rested' or 'they ceased' from an activity, often implying a sense of relief or refreshment. It can be used to describe people taking a break from work, finding peace, or simply stopping an action.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Indicative Mood, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΠΑΥΩ, ΑΝΑΠΑΥΩ, ΗΣΥΧΑΖΩ

G0575

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: AH-po

Translations: from, away from, by, of, out of, because of, by means of

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates separation, origin, or cause. It is always followed by a noun or pronoun in the genitive case. It can mean 'from' in the sense of moving away from a place, 'from' in the sense of origin or source, or 'by' when indicating the agent or cause of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *apo- 'off, away'. It is cognate with Latin ab and English off.

G1415

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: doo-na-TON

Translations: of powerful ones, of mighty ones, of able ones, of rulers, of the powerful, of the mighty, of the able, of the rulers

Notes: This word describes something or someone as powerful, mighty, or able. It is often used to refer to those who hold positions of power or authority, such as rulers or influential people. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, but it can also function as a substantive noun, meaning 'the powerful ones' or 'those who are able'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΙΣΧΥΡΩΝ, ΚΡΑΤΑΙΩΝ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΣΤΩΝ

G3756

Part of Speech: Adverb, Particle

Sounds like: OOK

Translations: not, no

Notes: This word is a negative particle used to express negation. It typically precedes a word beginning with a vowel or is used at the end of a clause. It is used to deny a fact or to express a strong prohibition. It is often used with verbs to negate their action, meaning 'not' or 'no'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥ, ΟΥΧΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a primary negative particle in Ancient Greek, related to similar negative particles in other Indo-European languages.

G0071

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EE-gon

Translations: I was leading, I led, they were leading, they led, I was bringing, I brought, they were bringing, they brought

Notes: This word is the imperfect active indicative form of the verb 'ἄγω' (agō), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'. The imperfect tense describes an action that was ongoing, repeated, or habitual in the past. It can also describe an action that began in the past and continued for some time, or an action that was attempted. It can be translated as 'I was leading/bringing' (first person singular) or 'they were leading/bringing' (third person plural), depending on the context.

Inflection: Imperfect Active Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΑΓΩΓΕΥΩ

G3326

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, among, after, behind, afterward, besides

Notes: ΜΕΤΑ is a versatile word that functions as both a preposition and an adverb. As a preposition, its meaning depends on the case of the noun it governs: when followed by a genitive noun, it means 'with' or 'among', indicating association or presence; when followed by an accusative noun, it means 'after' or 'behind', indicating sequence or pursuit. As an adverb, it typically means 'afterward' or 'besides'. It is a very common word in Koine Greek.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΟΠΙΣΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is cognate with English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G1223

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: dee-AH

Translations: through, by, by means of, on account of, because of, for the sake of

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take two different cases, which changes its meaning. When used with the genitive case, it means 'through' or 'by means of', indicating the instrument or agency by which something is done. When used with the accusative case, it means 'on account of', 'because of', or 'for the sake of', indicating the cause or reason for something.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΚ, ΕΝΕΚΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'through' or 'apart'.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOO-toh

Translations: this, that, it, a this, a that

Notes: ΤΟΥΤΟ is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is the neuter singular form and can function as either the nominative or accusative case. As a pronoun, it refers to a specific thing or concept, often pointing it out. As an adjective, it modifies a neuter singular noun, indicating 'this' or 'that' particular noun. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'this thing' or 'that matter'.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΑΥΤΟΣ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΟΥΤΟΣ (houtos) is a demonstrative pronoun in Koine Greek, meaning 'this' or 'that'. Its origin is ancient, deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots that conveyed the idea of proximity or pointing.

G1287

Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: dee-ess-par-MEH-noy

Translations: scattered, dispersed, the scattered ones, those who are scattered

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb 'διασπείρω' (diaspeirō), meaning 'to scatter' or 'to disperse'. As a participle, it functions adjectivally, describing something that has been scattered or dispersed. It is often used to refer to people who have been scattered from their homeland, such as the Jewish diaspora.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΚΟΡΠΙΣΜΕΝΟΙ, ΔΙΑΧΥΤΟΙ

G3611

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: oy-KOON-tes

Translations: dwelling, inhabiting, living, those who dwell, those who inhabit, those who live

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'oikeō', meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'. It describes someone or something that is currently dwelling or living in a place. It is often used to refer to 'those who dwell' or 'the inhabitants' of a particular area, such as the earth or a city.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΕΝΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΕΣ

G5067

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: tes-sa-res-kai-DEK-a-teen

Translations: fourteenth, a fourteenth

Notes: This word is an ordinal adjective meaning 'fourteenth'. It is used to indicate the position in a sequence, such as 'the fourteenth day' or 'the fourteenth hour'. It is a compound word formed from 'τέσσαρες' (four), 'καί' (and), and 'δέκα' (ten), literally meaning 'four and tenth'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word is a compound of the Koine Greek words 'τέσσαρες' (tessares, meaning 'four'), 'καί' (kai, meaning 'and'), and 'δέκα' (deka, meaning 'ten'), with the suffix '-τος' forming the ordinal number. It literally means 'four and tenth'.

G4213

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: po-TOO

Translations: of drinking, of a drink, of a feast, of a banquet

Notes: This word refers to the act of drinking, or to a drink itself. It can also denote a drinking party, a feast, or a banquet. It is used in contexts where consumption of beverages, especially alcoholic ones, is central. In the provided example, it contrasts with 'house of mourning,' suggesting a 'house of feasting' or 'house of drinking.'

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΥΜΠΟΣΙΟΝ, ΟΙΝΟΠΟΣΙΑ

Etymology: From the verb πίνω (pinō), meaning 'to drink.'

G3310

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: meh-REE-dah

Translations: a portion, a part, a share, a division

Notes: This word refers to a portion, a part, or a share of something. It can be used to describe a division of land, a segment of a group, or an allotted share of goods. For example, one might speak of 'a portion of the inheritance' or 'a part of the city'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΜΕΡΟΣ, ΚΛΗΡΟΣ, ΜΟΙΡΑ

Etymology: The word ΜΕΡΙΣ (meris) comes from the verb μερίζω (merizō), meaning 'to divide' or 'to distribute'. It is related to the concept of dividing something into parts.

G4139

Part of Speech: Adverb, Noun

Sounds like: PLAY-see-on

Translations: near, nearby, neighbor, a neighbor, one's neighbor

Notes: This word primarily functions as an adverb meaning 'near' or 'nearby', indicating proximity in space or time. It can also be used substantively as a noun, typically in the neuter singular, to refer to 'one's neighbor' or 'the person next to you'. When used as a noun, it often refers to a fellow human being, emphasizing a relationship of proximity or community.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an adverb); Neuter, Singular (when used substantively as a noun)

Synonyms: ΕΓΓΥΣ, ΠΑΡΑΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ

G2730

Part of Speech: Participle, Noun

Sounds like: kah-toy-KOON-tes

Translations: dwelling, inhabiting, residing, living, those who dwell, those who inhabit, those who reside, those who live

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'katoikeō', meaning 'to dwell' or 'to inhabit'. It describes someone or something that is currently dwelling or residing in a place. When used as a noun, it refers to 'those who dwell' or 'the inhabitants' of a particular area. It is often used to describe people living in a specific region or on the earth.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Present Active Participle

Synonyms: ΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΕΝΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΕΣ

G3389

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: may-tro-POH-leh-sin

Translations: (to) mother cities, (to) capital cities, (to) metropolises

Notes: This word refers to a mother city or a capital city, often implying a city that has founded other cities or serves as the administrative and cultural center of a region. It is a compound word formed from 'μήτηρ' (mother) and 'πόλις' (city). In this form, it is used in the dative case, indicating the indirect object or the recipient of an action, often translated with 'to' or 'for'.

Inflection: Plural, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΙΣ, ΑΣΤΕΑ

G1125

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EG-rap-sen

Translations: he wrote, she wrote, it wrote

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to write'. It is in the past tense, indicating an action that was completed at a specific point in the past. It refers to the action of a single person or thing (he, she, or it) performing the writing.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΓΓΡΑΦΩ, ΑΝΑΓΡΑΦΩ, ΚΑΤΑΓΡΑΦΩ

Etymology: The word ΓΡΑΦΩ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *gerbh-, meaning 'to scratch, to carve'. It originally referred to scratching or carving marks, which evolved into the meaning of writing.

G3778

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: TOOT

Translations: this, that, this one, that one, of this, of that, to this, to that

Notes: This word is an inflected form of the demonstrative pronoun and adjective 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'that'. It is used to point out something specific, either nearby or previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it can stand alone, referring to a person or thing. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, agreeing with it in gender, number, and case. Its meaning can shift slightly depending on the context, often emphasizing proximity or a specific reference.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

G1519, G1520

Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one

Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'

Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).

G0976

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: BEEB-lee-on

Translations: book, scroll, a book, a scroll

Notes: This word refers to a book or a scroll, which was the common form of written material in ancient times. It is a diminutive of the word βίβλος (biblos), meaning 'papyrus' or 'book'. It is used to denote a written document, a record, or a volume of text. For example, one might read 'the book' or 'the scroll' of a prophet.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΒΙΒΛΟΣ, ΓΡΑΦΗ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek βίβλος (biblos, “papyrus, book”), which is thought to be of Egyptian origin, referring to the city of Byblos, a Phoenician city known for exporting papyrus.

G3745

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Relative Adjective

Sounds like: OH-soy

Translations: as many as, all who, whoever, how many

Notes: This word functions as a relative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'as many as' or 'all who'. It introduces a relative clause and refers to a quantity or number of people or things. It is used to connect a dependent clause to a main clause, specifying the extent or number of the antecedent.

Inflection: Nominative, Plural, Masculine

Synonyms: ΠΑΣ, ΟΣΤΙΣ

Etymology: From the demonstrative pronoun ὅς (hos, 'this, that') and the suffix -σος (-sos), indicating quantity or degree. It is related to other words indicating quantity or extent.

G1510

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: AY-sahn

Translations: they were, they had been

Notes: ΗΣΑΝ is an inflected form of the verb 'ΕΙΜΙ' (eimi), meaning 'to be'. Specifically, it is the third person plural imperfect indicative form. It describes an ongoing or continuous state or action in the past, often translated as 'they were' or 'they used to be'. It is commonly used to describe the state or existence of multiple subjects in a past context.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Imperfect, Indicative

Etymology: The Koine Greek verb ΕΙΜΙ (eimi) derives from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to be' or 'to exist'. It is one of the most fundamental and frequently used verbs in the language, indicating existence, state, or identity.

G1451

Part of Speech: Adverb, Preposition

Sounds like: ENG-goos

Translations: near, nigh, at hand, close, ready, almost, of near

Notes: This word functions as an adverb meaning 'near' or 'at hand', indicating proximity in space or time. It can also be used as a preposition with the genitive case, meaning 'near to' or 'close to' something. For example, it might describe a person being physically close to a place, or an event being imminent. It can also convey the sense of 'almost' or 'ready'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as an adverb); functions as a preposition with the genitive case.

Synonyms: ΠΛΗΣΙΟΝ, ΕΠΙΣΤΑΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΕΓΓΥΣ is of uncertain origin, possibly related to the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁en- meaning 'in' or 'on'. It has been used in Greek since ancient times to denote proximity.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: STAY-sai

Translations: to stand, to set, to establish, to appoint, to make to stand

Notes: ΣΤΗΣΑΙ is the aorist active infinitive form of the verb ἵστημι (histēmi). It means 'to stand' or 'to cause to stand,' and can also convey the sense of 'to set,' 'to establish,' or 'to appoint.' As an infinitive, it functions like the English 'to' + verb, indicating purpose or result, and can be used in various grammatical constructions.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ

Etymology: The word ἵστημι (histēmi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂-, meaning 'to stand.' It is a common verb in ancient Greek, with many derivatives and compounds.

G3778

Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: TOW-tays

Translations: to these, with these, by these, in these, these

Notes: This word is the dative plural feminine form of the demonstrative pronoun/adjective 'οὗτος' (houtos), meaning 'this' or 'these'. It is used to point out something specific that is near the speaker or has just been mentioned. As a dative case, it indicates the indirect object, means, instrument, or location, often translated with prepositions like 'to', 'with', 'by', or 'in'. It can function as a pronoun, standing in for a noun, or as an adjective, modifying a noun.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Feminine

Synonyms: ΟΔΕ, ΕΚΕΙΝΟΣ

G5599, G3739

Part of Speech: Letter, Interjection, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-meh-gah (as a letter); OH (as an interjection); OH (as a pronoun)

Translations: Omega, O, Oh, the end, the last, (to) whom, (to) which, (to) what, (to) that, (to) who, (to) those, (to) whomsoever, (to) whatsoever

Notes: This character, Omega, is the twenty-fourth and final letter of the Greek alphabet. As a letter, it represents the long 'o' sound. It can also function as an interjection, similar to 'O' or 'Oh' in English, used for direct address or exclamation. Furthermore, without diacritics, 'Ω' can represent the dative singular form of the relative pronoun 'ὅς, ἥ, ὅ', meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what', depending on context and gender. It can refer to a person or thing that is the indirect object of an action.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a letter or interjection); Dative, Singular, All genders (as a relative pronoun)

Etymology: The letter Omega is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'. Its name literally means 'great O' (ō mega), distinguishing it from Omicron ('small O'). As a relative pronoun, it originates from Proto-Indo-European roots.

G4762

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: es-TRA-fee

Translations: he was turned, she was turned, it was turned, he turned, she turned, it turned

Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'στρέφω' (strephō), meaning 'to turn' or 'to turn around'. In the passive voice, it indicates that the subject was turned or caused to turn by an external agent. It can also sometimes carry the sense of returning or being converted.

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Indicative, Passive

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΦΩ, ΑΠΟΣΤΡΕΦΩ

Etymology: The word 'στρέφω' (strephō) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to turn' or 'to twist'. It is a common verb in Greek, appearing in various forms and compounds.

G3739, G3754

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Possessive Pronoun, Numeral

Sounds like: HOS

Translations: who, which, what, his, her, its, their, 70

Notes: This word, ΟΣʼ, can have multiple meanings in Koine Greek due to the lack of diacritics in the input and the presence of the apostrophe. Most commonly, it represents the relative pronoun ὅς (hos), meaning 'who,' 'which,' or 'what,' used to introduce a relative clause. It can also represent the possessive pronoun ὅς (hos), meaning 'his,' 'her,' 'its,' or 'their.' The apostrophe (keraia) at the end indicates that it could also be the Greek numeral for 70. It is less likely to be an elision (coronis) in this form, as there isn't a common elided word that would result in ΟΣ'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine (for relative/possessive pronoun); Does not inflect (for numeral)

Synonyms: ΟΤΙΣ, ΟΥΤΟΣ

Etymology: The relative pronoun ὅς (hos) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root. The numeral meaning derives from the use of Greek letters as numerical symbols.

G0071

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: AH-geen

Translations: to lead, to bring, to carry, to go, to drive, to observe, to celebrate

Notes: This is the present active infinitive form of the verb 'agō'. It means 'to lead', 'to bring', or 'to carry'. It can also mean 'to go' or 'to drive'. In some contexts, it can refer to observing or celebrating a festival. It is used to express the action of leading or bringing something or someone.

Inflection: Present, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΕΛΚΩ, ΚΟΜΙΖΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- meaning 'to drive, pull, move'.

G3650

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: HO-lon

Translations: whole, entire, all, complete, a whole, an entire

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'whole' or 'entire'. It describes something as being complete or undivided. It can be used to emphasize the totality of something, such as 'the whole house' or 'all the people'. In the provided examples, it refers to the entirety of a task or a place.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΑΣ, ΣΥΝΟΛΟΝ

Etymology: From a prolonged form of a primary word; properly, 'all', 'the whole', 'entire'.

G1062

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: gah-MOHN

Translations: of marriages, of weddings, of wedding feasts

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of the noun 'γάμος' (gamos), meaning 'marriage', 'wedding', or 'wedding feast'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relation concerning multiple marriages, weddings, or wedding feasts. For example, it might be used in phrases like 'concerning marriages' or 'the customs of weddings'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Synonyms: ΝΥΜΦΕΥΜΑΤΩΝ, ΣΥΝΟΙΚΕΣΙΩΝ

Etymology: The word 'γάμος' (gamos) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to marry'. It refers to the act or state of marriage, or the celebration associated with it.

G2167

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: yoo-fro-SOO-neen

Translations: joy, gladness, mirth, cheerfulness, a joy, a gladness

Notes: This word refers to a state of joy, gladness, or cheerfulness. It describes an inner feeling of delight and happiness. It is often used to describe the joy experienced in the presence of God or as a result of divine blessings. It can be used in sentences to describe the feeling of happiness or merriment.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΧΑΡΑ, ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word euphrosynē comes from the Greek word euphrōn (εὔφρων), meaning 'well-minded, cheerful', which is itself derived from eu (εὖ), meaning 'well', and phrēn (φρήν), meaning 'mind, heart'.

G4327

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-ed-EX-an-toh

Translations: they received, they welcomed, they accepted, they awaited, they expected

Notes: This word is a compound verb, formed from the preposition πρός (pros, meaning 'to, toward') and the verb δέχομαι (dechomai, meaning 'to receive, accept'). In its aorist indicative middle/passive form, it means 'they received,' 'they welcomed,' 'they accepted,' or 'they awaited/expected.' It describes an action of receiving or accepting something or someone, often with an attitude of welcome or anticipation.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ, ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΜΕΝΩ

G2531

Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: KAH-thohss

Translations: just as, even as, according as, as, exactly as, in proportion as, like, according to, inasmuch as

Notes: This is a compound word formed from the preposition κατά (kata, meaning 'down' or 'according to') and the adverb ὡς (hōs, meaning 'as' or 'how'). It functions as an adverb or conjunction, primarily used to introduce a comparison, indicating that something is done or happens in the same way as something else. It can also express correspondence or proportion, meaning 'inasmuch as' or 'to the extent that'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΩΣ, ΚΑΘΑ

Etymology: From the Greek preposition κατά (kata, 'down, according to') and the adverb ὡς (hōs, 'as, how').

G3110

Part of Speech: Proper Noun

Sounds like: mah-keh-DOHN

Translations: Macedonian, a Macedonian

Notes: This word refers to a person from Macedonia, a historical region and ancient kingdom located on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is used to describe someone's origin or nationality, indicating they are from Macedonia.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Etymology: From the Greek word 'Μακεδονία' (Makedonia), referring to the ancient kingdom of Macedon. The name itself is thought to be related to 'μακεδνός' (makednos), meaning 'tall' or 'highlander', possibly referring to the inhabitants or the mountainous terrain.

G5087

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: EH-theh-toh

Translations: he placed, he put, he laid, he set, he appointed, he made, he established, he laid down, he laid up, he put for himself, he placed for himself, he laid for himself, he set for himself

Notes: This word is the third person singular, aorist indicative middle voice of the verb ΤΙΘΗΜΙ (tithemi), meaning 'to put, place, lay, or set'. In the middle voice, the action is performed by the subject for their own benefit or with a particular interest in the outcome, or it can simply be a reflexive action. Therefore, it often translates as 'he/she/it put/placed/laid/set for himself/herself/itself' or 'he/she/it made/appointed for himself/herself/itself'. It can also mean 'to establish' or 'to lay down' (as in a law or a life).

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle Voice, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΤΑΣΣΩ

Etymology: The verb ΤΙΘΗΜΙ (tithemi) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-, meaning 'to put, place, set'. It is a fundamental verb in Greek, with many derivatives and compounds.

G5586

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: psay-FEES-mah

Translations: decree, a decree, resolution, a resolution, vote, a vote

Notes: This word refers to a formal decision or resolution, typically one made by a public body or assembly, often through a process of voting. It signifies an official pronouncement or a legislative act. It can be used in sentences to describe a law, an edict, or a formal decision that has been passed.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΔΟΓΜΑ, ΠΡΟΣΤΑΓΜΑ

Etymology: The word ΨΗΦΙΣΜΑ (psephisma) is derived from the verb ψηφίζω (psēphizō), meaning 'to vote' or 'to count with pebbles', which in turn comes from ψῆφος (psēphos), meaning 'pebble' (used for voting or counting). Thus, it literally means 'that which has been voted on' or 'a decision made by voting'.

G0906

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-BAH-len

Translations: he cast, he threw, he put, he laid, he poured, he sent, he brought, he expelled, he put forth

Notes: ΕΒΑΛΕΝ is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb ΒΑΛΛΩ (ballō). It describes a completed action in the past, typically meaning 'he/she/it cast,' 'threw,' 'put,' or 'laid.' It can also convey the sense of expelling or sending something out. The specific meaning often depends on the context and any accompanying prepositions.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΡΙΠΤΩ, ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΕΚΒΑΛΛΩ

Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Numeral

Sounds like: FOOR

Translations: Phour, 500

Notes: This word is likely a proper noun, 'Phour', possibly a name or a place. The final apostrophe (keraia) indicates that it could also represent the numeral 500 in Koine Greek, as the letter Phi (Φ) was used to denote this value. Given the context of ancient manuscripts, it's more probable that it's a numeral due to the keraia.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a numeral); Singular (as a proper noun)

Etymology: The origin of 'Phour' as a proper noun is uncertain without further context. As a numeral, it derives from the Greek letter Phi (Φ), which was assigned the value of 500 in the Greek numeral system.

G0008

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-fah-NEE-sai

Translations: to destroy, to make disappear, to vanish, to corrupt, to consume, to waste, to disfigure, to make unseen, to hide

Notes: This word describes the act of causing something to disappear, to be destroyed, or to become invisible. It can refer to physical destruction, making something vanish, or even corrupting or disfiguring something. It implies a complete removal or obliteration, often with a sense of finality. In the provided form, it is an aorist infinitive, indicating an action completed in the past, often used to express purpose or result.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΕΞΟΛΟΘΡΕΥΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ

Etymology: The word ΑΦΑΝΙΖΩ comes from the prefix Α- (alpha privative, meaning 'not' or 'without') and ΦΑΝΕΡΟΣ (PHANEROS), meaning 'visible' or 'manifest'. Thus, it literally means 'to make not visible' or 'to make disappear'.

G2819

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KLEE-ros

Translations: lot, a lot, portion, a portion, inheritance, an inheritance, share, a share

Notes: ΚΛΗΡΟΣ (klēros) refers to a lot, a portion, or an inheritance. It is commonly used in the context of casting lots, which was a method of making decisions or determining an outcome, similar to drawing straws or rolling dice. It can also refer to a designated share, a piece of land, or an inheritance received.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine. This word inflects for number and case.

Synonyms: ΜΕΡΙΣ, ΚΛΗΡΟΝΟΜΙΑ

Etymology: From a root meaning 'to break' or 'to divide', referring to a piece of wood used for casting lots. Over time, it came to signify the lot itself, then the portion or inheritance determined by it.

G1525

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eis-EEL-then

Translations: he entered, she entered, it entered, went in, came in

Notes: This word describes the action of entering or coming into a place. It is often used to indicate movement from an outside location to an inside one, or to signify the beginning of a state or condition. It is a compound word formed from 'EIS' (into) and 'ERCHOMAI' (to come/go).

Inflection: Third Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΕΙΣΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΕΙΣΒΑΙΝΩ

Etymology: The word εἰσέρχομαι (eiserchomai) is a compound verb formed from the preposition εἰς (eis), meaning 'into' or 'to', and the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. Its etymology traces back to Proto-Indo-European roots related to movement.

G3004

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: LEH-goh

Translations: say, speak, tell, call, mean

Notes: This is a very common verb meaning 'to say' or 'to speak'. It is used to introduce direct or indirect speech, to give commands, or to express an opinion. It can also mean 'to call' or 'to name' someone or something, or 'to mean' something.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Present, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΛΑΛΕΩ, ΦΗΜΙ, ΕΡΩ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *leg- meaning 'to collect, gather'. In Greek, it evolved to mean 'to pick out words', hence 'to speak' or 'to say'.

G3745

Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun, Relative Adjective

Sounds like: OH-sah

Translations: as many as, all that, whatever, how many, all things whatsoever, whatever things

Notes: This word is the neuter plural form of the relative pronoun/adjective ὅσος (hosos). It means 'as many as' or 'all that/which' and is used to introduce a relative clause, referring to an indefinite quantity or number of things. It can function as both a pronoun (e.g., 'whatever things') or an adjective (e.g., 'as many things as'). It can be used in both the nominative and accusative cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: PANTA, HAPAS

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun ὅδε (hode, 'this') and the interrogative pronoun τίς (tis, 'who? what?').

G2025

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-eh-khei-REE-sen

Translations: he attempted, he undertook, he tried

Notes: This word describes the action of putting one's hand to something, signifying an attempt or an undertaking. It is used to express the initiation of an action or an effort to accomplish something. It implies a deliberate effort to achieve a goal.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΠΕΙΡΑΖΩ, ΤΟΛΜΑΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΕΩ is a compound word formed from the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the noun ΧΕΙΡ (cheir), meaning 'hand'. Thus, it literally means 'to put one's hand to' something.

G1627

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-PAX-ai

Translations: to bring upon, to bring against, to inflict, to lead on, to bring in

Notes: This word is an aorist infinitive form of the verb ἐπάγω (epagō), which is a compound of the preposition ἐπί (epi, meaning 'upon' or 'to') and the verb ἄγω (agō, meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'). Therefore, ἐπάγω generally means 'to bring upon' or 'to lead against'. It is often used in the context of bringing something negative upon someone, such as punishment, evil, or a curse, but can also mean to bring someone or something to a place or to lead on. As an infinitive, it functions like 'to bring upon' or 'to inflict' in English.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Infinitive

Synonyms: ΕΠΙΦΕΡΩ, ΕΠΙΤΙΘΗΜΙ

Etymology: The verb ἐπάγω (epagō) is formed from the prefix ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'to', and the verb ἄγω (agō), meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring'.

G2556

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: KAH-kah

Translations: evil things, bad things, evils, misfortunes, troubles, a bad thing, an evil thing

Notes: This word is an inflection of the adjective ΚΑΚΟΣ (kakos), meaning 'bad' or 'evil'. As 'ΚΑΚΑ', it typically functions as a neuter plural noun or adjective, referring to 'evil things', 'bad things', 'misfortunes', or 'troubles'. It describes things that are morally wrong, harmful, or unpleasant. For example, it can be used to speak of calamities or wicked deeds.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΟΝΗΡΑ, ΦΑΥΛΑ, ΒΛΑΒΕΡΑ

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: ep-EE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, by, in, for, in addition to, besides, after, during, when, because of, concerning

Notes: This word is a common Koine Greek preposition that can also function as an adverb or a prefix. Its meaning is highly dependent on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place or time), 'in the time of', or 'in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'on, upon, at' (of place), 'in addition to', 'for the purpose of', or 'because of'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'on, upon, to' (indicating motion towards), 'against', 'over' (of authority), or 'for' (of purpose). As a prefix, it generally adds the meaning of 'upon', 'over', 'to', or 'in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect, but governs the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative cases.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΠΑΡΑ, ΥΠΕΡ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *opi, meaning 'on, near, against'. It is cognate with Latin ob and Sanskrit api.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TON

Translations: him, it, them, himself, itself, the same

Notes: This word is an inflection of the pronoun 'ΑΥΤΟΣ'. It can function as a personal pronoun meaning 'him' or 'it' (singular), or 'them' (plural). It can also be used as an intensive pronoun, meaning 'himself' or 'itself', emphasizing the subject. Additionally, when used with an article, it can function as an adjective meaning 'the same'. Its meaning depends on the context and whether it's used alone or with an article.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Neuter, Singular; or Accusative, Masculine, Plural

G1096

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-GEH-noh-toh

Translations: it happened, it came to pass, it was, it became

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist indicative middle/passive form of the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai). It describes an event that occurred or came into being in the past. It is often used to introduce a new event or to state that something came into existence or a particular state.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Middle or Passive Voice, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΓΙΝΕΤΑΙ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ

Etymology: The word 'γίνομαι' (ginomai) originates from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-, meaning 'to produce, to beget, to be born'. It is related to words like 'genesis' in English.

G2910

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-re-MAS-thee

Translations: was hanged, was suspended, was hung

Notes: This word is the aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'kremannymi', meaning 'to hang' or 'to suspend'. In this form, it describes an action that happened in the past, where the subject was the recipient of the action of being hanged or suspended. It is often used in contexts describing execution by hanging or the suspension of an object.

Inflection: Aorist, Indicative, Passive, Third Person, Singular

Etymology: The verb 'kremannymi' (κρεμάννυμι) is derived from the root 'krem-' (κρεμ-), which signifies suspension or hanging. It is related to the noun 'kremas' (κρεμάς), meaning 'a hanging thing'.

Part of Speech: Pronoun, Adjective

Sounds like: ow-TOS

Translations: he, she, it, they, himself, herself, itself, themselves, same, very, a same, the same

Notes: This word functions as both a pronoun and an adjective. As a pronoun, it can mean 'he, she, it' (third person personal pronoun) or be used intensively to mean 'himself, herself, itself, themselves'. When used as an adjective, it means 'the same' or 'the very'. Its meaning depends on its position and context within a sentence. For example, when used attributively with an article (e.g., ὁ αὐτὸς), it means 'the same'. When used predicatively or without an article, it often has an intensive meaning ('he himself').

Inflection: Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter; Singular or Plural; Nominative, Genitive, Dative, or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ew-to- (self, same).

G1941

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-peh-klee-THEH-sah

Translations: I was called, I was named, I was surnamed, I was invoked, I was appealed to

Notes: This word is the first person singular, aorist passive indicative form of the verb 'epikaleo'. It means 'I was called', 'I was named', 'I was surnamed', 'I was invoked', or 'I was appealed to'. It describes an action that happened in the past, where the subject (I) was the recipient of being called, named, or invoked by someone else. It can refer to being given a name or title, or to having someone appeal to you for help or judgment.

Inflection: First Person, Singular, Aorist, Passive, Indicative

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΩ, ΚΑΛΕΩ

Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Interjection, Prefix, Numeral

Sounds like: AI

Translations: the, who, which, alas, oh, 11

Notes: The word 'ΑΙ' can function in several ways in Koine Greek. Most commonly, it is the feminine nominative plural form of the definite article, meaning 'the' (referring to multiple feminine nouns). It can also be the feminine nominative plural form of the relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which'. Less frequently, it can be an interjection expressing sorrow or pain, similar to 'alas' or 'oh'. It can also appear as a prefix in compound words. Additionally, 'ΑΙ' can represent the number 11 when used as a numerical symbol (alpha-iota). It is also possible for 'ΑΙ' to be an elision or contraction of other words, such as 'ἀεί' (always) or 'ἄγε' (come on!), though this is less common in the New Testament.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Plural (for article and pronoun); Does not inflect (for interjection, prefix, and numeral)

Etymology: The origin of 'ΑΙ' as a definite article and relative pronoun is from Proto-Indo-European. Its use as an interjection is onomatopoeic.

G5432

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: froo-RAI

Translations: guards, watches, prisons, custodies

Notes: This word is a feminine noun referring to a guard, watch, or a place of confinement like a prison or custody. It can also refer to the act of guarding or keeping watch. In the provided context, it appears to be used in the plural, possibly referring to specific periods of watch or groups of guards.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative or Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΤΗΡΗΣΙΣ, ΦΥΛΑΚΗ

Etymology: From φρουρός (phrouros, "a guard"), which is from προ- (pro-, "before") + ὁράω (horaō, "to see"). It originally referred to a lookout or sentinel, and later extended to the act of guarding or the place where one is guarded.

G2819

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KLAY-roos

Translations: lots, shares, portions, inheritances

Notes: This word refers to a lot, such as one cast to make a decision, or a share or portion of something, often an inheritance or an assigned part. It is used in contexts where something is divided or allocated, or where a decision is made by chance or divine will through the casting of lots. It can also refer to a person's allotted destiny or inheritance.

Inflection: Plural, Masculine, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΜΕΡΙΣ, ΜΕΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'κλῆρος' (klēros) is of uncertain origin, but it is thought to be an ancient Greek word. It originally referred to a piece of wood or stone used for casting lots, and later came to mean the lot itself, and then the portion or inheritance determined by it.

G3754

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OH-tee

Translations: that, because, for, since, how, what, which

Notes: ΟΤΙ is a versatile word in Koine Greek, primarily functioning as a conjunction meaning 'that', 'because', 'for', or 'since'. It can introduce a clause explaining a reason or consequence, or it can introduce direct speech, similar to how quotation marks function in English. It can also act as a relative pronoun meaning 'what' or 'which'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: The word ΟΤΙ is derived from the neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun ὅστις (hostis), meaning 'whoever, whatever'. Over time, it evolved to function primarily as a conjunction.

G1258

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: dee-ah-LEK-toh

Translations: (to) language, (to) dialect, (to) speech, a language, a dialect, a speech

Notes: This word is the dative singular form of the noun 'διάλεκτος'. It refers to a specific language, a dialect, or a particular manner of speaking. In the dative case, it often indicates the means, instrument, or location, so it can be translated as 'by language', 'in language', or 'to language', depending on the context.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΛΩΣΣΑ, ΛΑΛΙΑ

Etymology: From the Greek verb διαλέγομαι (dialegomai), meaning 'to converse' or 'to discuss'. It is formed from διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'apart', and λέγω (legō), meaning 'to speak' or 'to say'.

G5432, G5433, G5434

Part of Speech: Root, Noun, Verb

Sounds like: PHROOR

Translations: guard, a guard, garrison, fortress, to guard, to keep watch, to fortify

Notes: This is a root word in Koine Greek, from which several related words are derived. It primarily conveys the idea of guarding, protecting, or keeping watch. As a noun, it can refer to a guard, a garrison, or a fortified place (a fortress). As a verb, it means to guard, to keep, or to protect. Its usage often implies a military or protective context, such as guarding a city or a prisoner, or referring to a fortified structure.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a root). Derived forms inflect as nouns or verbs.

Synonyms: ΦΥΛΑΚ, ΤΗΡΕΩ, ΟΧΥΡΩΜΑ

Etymology: The root ΦΡΟΥΡ (phrour) is believed to be derived from a combination of πρό (pro, 'before') and ὁράω (horaō, 'to see'), suggesting the idea of 'seeing before' or 'watching over'. It developed into terms related to guarding and protection.

G3982

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: peh-POH-tha-sin

Translations: they have trusted, they have been persuaded, they have obeyed

Notes: This word is the third person plural perfect active indicative form of the verb 'peithō'. It describes an action that was completed in the past and whose results continue into the present, indicating that 'they' have come to a state of trust, persuasion, or obedience. It implies a settled conviction or a state of having been convinced.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Perfect Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood

Synonyms: ΠΕΠΙΣΤΕΥΚΑΣΙΝ, ΠΕΠΕΙΣΜΕΝΟΙ

Etymology: The verb 'peithō' comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to bind, to persuade'. It is related to words signifying trust and conviction.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ES-tay-seh

Translations: he stood, he set, he appointed, he established, he caused to stand, he placed

Notes: This word is the third person singular aorist active indicative form of the verb ἵστημι (histēmi). It describes an action that occurred at a specific point in the past, often with a sense of completion. It can mean to cause something to stand, to set up, to establish, to appoint, or to place someone or something in a particular position. Depending on the context, it can also mean to stand oneself or to stop.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: TITHĒMI, KATHISTĒMI, ALLOS

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ES-tay-sen

Translations: he stood, he set, he appointed, he established, he made to stand, he caused to stand, he placed, he put, he presented

Notes: This is the aorist active indicative third person singular form of the verb 'ἵστημι' (histēmi). It describes an action that happened in the past, completed at a specific point. It can mean 'he stood' or 'he caused to stand,' 'he set,' 'he appointed,' or 'he established,' depending on the context. It is often used to describe setting something up, establishing a person in a position, or causing someone or something to stand.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΤΙΘΗΜΙ, ΚΑΘΙΣΤΗΜΙ, ΟΡΙΖΩ

G4327

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: pros-ed-EH-khohn-toh

Translations: they were receiving, they were accepting, they were expecting, they were waiting for

Notes: This is a verb meaning to receive, accept, or expect. It is a compound word formed from the preposition πρός (pros), meaning 'to' or 'towards', and the verb δέχομαι (dechomai), meaning 'to receive' or 'to accept'. In this form, it describes an ongoing action in the past, indicating that 'they were continually receiving' or 'they were in the process of expecting'. It implies a welcoming or receptive attitude towards something or someone.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle/Passive, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΛΑΜΒΑΝΩ, ΠΡΟΣΔΟΚΑΩ, ΑΠΟΔΕΧΟΜΑΙ

G1909

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EF

Translations: upon, on, over, to, against, at, by, for, in, among, with, toward, concerning, because of

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition ΕΠΙ (epi), which means 'upon' or 'on'. The final vowel of ΕΠΙ is dropped when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it means 'upon, on, over, during'; with the dative, it means 'on, at, by, for, in addition to'; and with the accusative, it means 'on, to, against, over, toward'. It is a very common and versatile preposition.

Inflection: Does not inflect (elided form of a preposition)

G4369

Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: pros-teth-ee-MEH-noys

Translations: (to) those who have been added, (to) those who have been joined, (to) those who have been given in addition

Notes: This word is a perfect passive participle, dative plural, of the verb 'prostithēmi'. It describes a state of having been added or joined. As a participle, it functions adjectivally, modifying a noun or pronoun, and in this dative plural form, it would typically refer to 'to/for those who have been added' or 'to/for the added ones'.

Inflection: Perfect, Passive, Participle, Dative, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΚΟΛΛΩΜΕΝΟΙΣ, ΣΥΝΗΜΜΕΝΟΙΣ

G3761

Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OO-deh

Translations: and not, neither, nor, not even, not

Notes: This word is a compound conjunction or adverb meaning 'and not', 'neither', 'nor', or 'not even'. It is used to connect two negative clauses or to emphasize a negation. It often appears in lists to negate multiple items, similar to how 'neither...nor' is used in English. It can also simply mean 'not' when emphasizing a point.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΟΥΤΕ, ΜΗΔΕ

Etymology: From the negative particle ΟΥ (ou, 'not') and the conjunction ΔΕ (de, 'but, and').

G3376, G3378

Part of Speech: Noun, Adverb

Sounds like: MAYN

Translations: month, a month, surely, indeed, truly, certainly

Notes: This word has two primary meanings in Koine Greek. As a noun (G3378), it refers to a 'month', a period of time. As an adverb (G3376), it functions as an emphatic particle, meaning 'surely', 'indeed', 'truly', or 'certainly', often used to confirm or emphasize a statement. It can also be used in questions to expect a positive answer.

Inflection: Noun: Singular, Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative; Adverb: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΤΟΣ, ΑΛΗΘΩΣ, ΟΝΤΩΣ

Etymology: The noun 'ΜΗΝ' (month) comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to the moon and its cycle. The adverb 'ΜΗΝ' (surely) is also of uncertain but ancient origin, possibly related to particles of affirmation.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: KHRAY-son-tai

Translations: they will use, they will employ, they will deal with, they will consult

Notes: This word is the future tense, middle/passive voice, third person plural form of the verb ΧΡΑΟΜΑΙ. The verb generally means 'to use,' 'to employ,' or 'to deal with' something or someone. In the middle voice, it often implies using something for one's own benefit or purpose. It can also mean 'to consult' or 'to experience.'

Inflection: Future, Middle/Passive, Indicative, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΧΡΩΜΑΙ, ΧΡΗΣΙΜΕΥΩ, ΕΠΙΧΡΩΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ΧΡΑΟΜΑΙ is derived from the root χρα-, which is related to the idea of 'needing' or 'desiring,' and thus 'using' or 'employing' something to fulfill a need.

G3422

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: mnee-MO-sy-non

Translations: memorial, remembrance, a memorial, a remembrance

Notes: This word refers to something that serves as a reminder or a monument, often commemorating a person, event, or covenant. It can be used to describe an act of remembrance, a physical object, or a lasting legacy.

Inflection: Singular, Neuter, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΜΝΗΜΗ, ΥΠΟΜΝΗΣΙΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word μνήμη (mnēmē), meaning 'memory' or 'remembrance'. It refers to something that brings to mind or preserves the memory of a person or event.

G2005

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ep-ee-tel-oo-MEH-non

Translations: being completed, being performed, being accomplished, being brought to pass

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, indicating an action that is currently being completed or performed. It describes something that is in the process of being brought to its end or fulfillment. It is a compound word formed from 'ΕΠΙ' (upon, over) and 'ΤΕΛΕΩ' (to complete, to finish).

Inflection: Present, Passive, Participle, Neuter, Singular, Nominative or Accusative

Synonyms: ΠΡΑϹϹΟΜΕΝΟΝ, ΓΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ

G4172

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: POH-lin

Translations: city, a city

Notes: The word 'πόλιν' is the accusative singular form of the noun 'πόλις', meaning 'city'. It refers to a populated place, typically larger than a village, with a defined administrative structure. As an accusative case, it functions as the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions, indicating the destination or the object being acted upon. For example, one might 'go into the city' or 'see the city'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The word 'πόλις' comes from Proto-Indo-European, referring to a fortified place or citadel. It developed to mean a city-state in ancient Greece, encompassing both the physical settlement and its citizens.

G3965

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: pat-ree-AH

Translations: family, clan, lineage, ancestry, a family, a clan

Notes: This word refers to a family, clan, or lineage, emphasizing the descent from a common father or ancestor. It can denote a group of people related by blood, a tribe, or a nation. It is often used in contexts describing genealogical lines or the divisions of a people.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΟΣ, ΦΥΛΗ, ΟΙΚΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek word πατήρ (patēr), meaning 'father'. It refers to a group descended from a common father or ancestor.

G5432, G5433

Part of Speech: Noun, Participle

Sounds like: phroo-ROHN

Translations: of guards, of watchmen, of those guarding, of those keeping watch

Notes: This word is the genitive plural form of either the noun 'ΦΡΟΥΡΟΣ' (phrouros), meaning 'guard' or 'watchman', or the present active participle of the verb 'ΦΡΟΥΡΕΩ' (phroureō), meaning 'to guard' or 'to keep watch'. In context, it refers to 'of the guards' or 'of those who are guarding'. It indicates possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine (for noun); Plural, Genitive, Masculine or Neuter (for participle)

Synonyms: ΦΥΛΑΚΩΝ, ΤΗΡΟΥΝΤΩΝ

Etymology: The noun ΦΡΟΥΡΟΣ (phrouros) and the verb ΦΡΟΥΡΕΩ (phroureō) derive from πρό (pro, 'before') and ὁράω (horaō, 'to see'), literally meaning 'one who sees before' or 'to see before', implying foresight and protection.

G5432

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: phroo-REE-eem

Translations: of guards, of a garrison, of a watch, of a prison

Notes: This word is an elided form of ΦΡΟΥΡΙΩΝ (phrourion), which is the genitive plural of ΦΡΟΥΡΙΟΝ (phrourion), meaning 'a fortress, a prison, a guard-post'. It can also be an elided form of ΦΡΟΥΡΩΝ (phrouron), which is the genitive plural of ΦΡΟΥΡΟΣ (phrouros), meaning 'a guard, a sentinel, a garrison'. Given the context of ancient manuscripts, the final apostrophe (coronis) indicates an elision. The example usage suggests it is a correction for ΦΡΟΥΡΩΝ, making 'of guards' or 'of a garrison' the most probable translation. It refers to a group of people or a place associated with guarding or confinement.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Neuter or Masculine

Synonyms: ΦΥΛΑΚΩΝ, ΤΗΡΗΜΑΤΩΝ

G0537

Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ah-PAN-tah

Translations: all, every, the whole, all things, everything

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'all' or 'every'. It can refer to a complete group or quantity. It is often used to emphasize the totality of something, such as 'all people' or 'all time'. When used in the neuter plural, it can be translated as 'all things' or 'everything'.

Inflection: Accusative, Masculine or Feminine, Plural; or Nominative or Accusative, Neuter, Singular or Plural

Synonyms: ΠΑΣ, ΟΛΟΣ, ΣΥΜΠΑΣ

Etymology: The word ΑΠΑΣ (apas) is a compound word formed from the prefix Α- (a-), meaning 'together' or 'completely', and ΠΑΣ (pas), meaning 'all' or 'every'.

G3756, G3757

Part of Speech: Adverb, Relative Adverb, Relative Pronoun

Sounds like: OO

Translations: not, no, where, of whom, of which, when

Notes: This word, written without diacritics, can represent at least two distinct Koine Greek words. It most commonly functions as a negative particle (οὐ), meaning 'not' or 'no', used to express a direct and objective negation. It can also function as a relative adverb (οὗ), meaning 'where' or 'when', indicating place or time, or as a relative genitive pronoun, meaning 'of whom' or 'of which'. The precise meaning depends on the context and the original diacritics.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a particle/adverb); Genitive, Singular, Masculine or Neuter (as a relative pronoun)

Synonyms: ΜΗ, ΟΠΟΥ

Etymology: The negative particle οὐ (ou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *ne, meaning 'not'. The relative adverb/pronoun οὗ (hou) comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-, a pronominal stem.

G3361

Part of Speech: Particle, Adverb

Sounds like: MAY

Translations: not, lest, no, do not

Notes: ΜΗ is a negative particle used in Koine Greek to express a subjective negation. It is typically used with non-indicative moods (like the subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, or participle) to express prohibition, a condition, or a denial of something that is wished for or imagined. For example, it is used in commands like 'do not do this' or in clauses expressing fear or purpose, such as 'lest something happen'. It contrasts with 'οὐ' (ou), which negates objective facts.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΜΗ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient negative particle that has been present in various forms across Indo-European languages.

G1627

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ek-LEE-peh

Translations: may fail, may cease, may come to an end, may vanish, may be wanting, may be deficient

Notes: This word is a form of the verb 'ekleipo', meaning to fail, cease, or come to an end. Without diacritics, it most commonly represents the 3rd person singular aorist active subjunctive form, indicating a potential or hypothetical action. It can be used in clauses expressing purpose, result, or condition, often translated with 'may' or 'might'.

Inflection: 3rd Person, Singular, Aorist, Active, Subjunctive

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΠΑΥΩ, ΛΗΓΩ

Etymology: The word ΕΚΛΕΙΠΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΕΚ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'from', and the verb ΛΕΙΠΩ (leipō), meaning 'to leave' or 'to abandon'. Thus, it literally means 'to leave out' or 'to leave off', leading to its meaning of failing or ceasing.

G1537

Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EK

Translations: out of, from, of, by, among, with

Notes: This word is a preposition that typically governs the genitive case. It denotes origin, source, or separation, indicating movement 'out of' or 'from' a place, time, or cause. It can also signify the material from which something is made, the agent by whom something is done, or the reason for an action. For example, it can mean 'out of the house' or 'from that day'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΠΟ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs, meaning 'out'. It is cognate with Latin ex- and English out.

G2364

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: thoo-GAH-teer

Translations: daughter, a daughter

Notes: This word refers to a female offspring, a daughter. It is a common noun used to denote a familial relationship. It can be used in various contexts to refer to someone's child who is female, or metaphorically to refer to a female descendant or inhabitant of a place.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΚΟΡΗ, ΠΑΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΘΥΓΑΤΗΡ comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰugʰ₂tḗr, meaning 'daughter'. It has cognates in many Indo-European languages.

G2453

Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: ee-oo-DAH-yos

Translations: Jewish, Jew, a Jew

Notes: This word refers to someone who is from Judea, a descendant of Judah, or a follower of the Jewish religion. It can be used as an adjective to describe something as 'Jewish' or as a noun to refer to 'a Jew' or 'Jews'. In ancient contexts, it often distinguished people from Judea or those adhering to the Mosaic Law from Gentiles.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΕΒΡΑΙΟΣ, ΙΣΡΑΗΛΙΤΗΣ

Etymology: From ΙΟΥΔΑ (IOUDA), referring to Judah, the fourth son of Jacob, whose descendants formed one of the twelve tribes of Israel, and later the kingdom of Judah. The suffix -ΑΙΟΣ indicates origin or belonging.

G4741

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: steh-REH-oh-mah

Translations: firmament, an expanse, a foundation, a support

Notes: This word refers to a solid or firm structure, often used in ancient cosmology to describe the 'firmament' or 'expanse' of the heavens, conceived as a solid dome or vault supporting the waters above. It can also refer to a foundation or support for something. It is used to denote stability and strength.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative or Accusative, Neuter

Synonyms: ΟΥΡΑΝΟΣ, ΒΑΣΙΣ, ΘΕΜΕΛΙΟΣ

Etymology: From the Greek verb στερεόω (stereoō), meaning 'to make firm, to strengthen', which itself comes from στερεός (stereos), meaning 'solid, firm'.

Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ES-tay-san

Translations: they stood, they stood up, they were set, they were appointed, they were established

Notes: This is the third person plural, aorist active indicative form of the verb 'histemi'. It describes an action completed in the past by a group of people, indicating that they took a stand, were placed, or were established in a particular position or state. It can refer to physical standing or a more metaphorical establishment.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ΕΓΕΙΡΩ, ΟΡΘΟΩ, ΣΤΗΚΩ

G2596

Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: kath

Translations: according to, down, against, throughout, during, by, for, with respect to, concerning

Notes: This word is an elided form of the preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down' or 'according to'. It is commonly used as a prefix in compound words or as a preposition governing various cases. When used as a preposition, it can indicate movement downwards, distribution, opposition, or a standard of comparison. For example, 'καθ' ἕνα' means 'one by one', and 'καθά' means 'just as' or 'according as'. The elision (dropping of the final vowel) occurs before a word beginning with a vowel and a rough breathing mark.

Inflection: Does not inflect (it is an elided form of a preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΠΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: The word 'κατά' (kata) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'down' or 'against'. It is a common preposition in ancient Greek, indicating various relationships of position, direction, or standard.

G1438

Part of Speech: Reflexive Pronoun

Sounds like: eh-ah-TOH

Translations: (to) himself, (for) himself, (to) herself, (for) herself, (to) itself, (for) itself, (to) themselves, (for) themselves

Notes: This word is a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject of the clause. It indicates that the action of the verb is directed back to the subject itself. It can be used for singular or plural subjects, and its specific meaning (himself, herself, itself, themselves) depends on the gender and number of the subject it refers to. In this dative form, it often conveys the sense of 'to' or 'for' the subject.

Inflection: Singular, Dative, Masculine or Feminine or Neuter

G5119

Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: TOH-teh

Translations: then, at that time, at that moment, thereupon, therefore

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'then' or 'at that time'. It is used to indicate a point in time, often referring to a past or future event that follows another. It can also be used to introduce a consequence or result, similar to 'therefore' or 'in that case'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΕΠΕΙΤΑ, ΕΙΤΑ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The word ΤΟΤΕ is a primary adverb, meaning it is not derived from another word in Greek. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun 'το' (this/that).

Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: STAY-san-tes

Translations: having stood, having set, having appointed, having established, having caused to stand, having placed

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'ἵστημι' (histēmi), meaning 'to stand' or 'to set'. As a participle, it describes an action that has been completed by the subject, functioning like an adjective or adverb. It can mean 'having stood', 'having set', 'having appointed', or 'having established', depending on the context. It implies a completed action of placing something or someone in a position, or of standing oneself.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Masculine, Nominative Plural

Synonyms: ΤΙΘΕΝΤΕΣ, ΤΑΞΑΝΤΕΣ, ΕΣΤΩΤΕΣ

G1012

Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: BOO-layn

Translations: counsel, a counsel, plan, a plan, purpose, a purpose, will, a will

Notes: This word refers to a counsel, plan, or purpose, often implying a deliberate decision or intention. It can be used to describe human plans or, frequently in the New Testament, the divine will or purpose of God. It is used in sentences to indicate the object of an action, such as 'to know the counsel' or 'to understand the plan'.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΓΝΩΜΗ, ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΙΑ, ΠΡΟΘΕΣΙΣ

Etymology: The word ΒΟΥΛΗ (boulē) comes from the verb βούλομαι (boulomai), meaning 'to will, to wish, to intend'. It refers to the act or result of willing or planning.

G3056