Book 1 Chapter 9, Interlinear version from Josephus' Antiquities of the Jews (Beta)

Notes: This is an elided form of the Greek preposition 'κατά' (kata), which means 'down', 'against', 'according to', 'throughout', or 'during'. It is frequently used as a prefix in compound verbs and nouns, indicating a downward motion, completion, intensity, or opposition. For example, in 'κατέβη' (katebē), it means 'went down', and in 'καταπιεῖν' (katapiein), it means 'to swallow down'. The final alpha (α) is often dropped when the next word or part of the compound begins with a vowel, or when it's followed by certain consonants.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a prefix); functions as a preposition that takes the genitive or accusative case.

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΙΣ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmt- 'down, with, against'. It is a common Greek preposition that has been used since ancient times.

G1565

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Part of Speech: Demonstrative Pronoun, Demonstrative Adjective

Sounds like: eh-KAY-non

Translations: that (one), him, it

Notes: This word is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, meaning 'that' or 'that one'. It refers to something distant in space or time, or something previously mentioned or understood from the context. As a pronoun, it can stand alone, meaning 'that one' or 'him/it'. As an adjective, it modifies a noun, meaning 'that [noun]'. In this form, it is used for a masculine singular object of a verb or preposition.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Accusative

Synonyms: ΟΥ̓ΤΟΣ, ὉΔΕ

Etymology: The word ἘΚΕΙΝΟΣ (ekeinos) is derived from the adverb ἐκεῖ (ekei), meaning 'there'. It refers to something 'over there' or 'that one there', indicating distance.

G1161

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: DEH

Translations: but, and, now, then, moreover, however

Notes: ΔΕ is a common Koine Greek particle or conjunction used to connect clauses or sentences. It often indicates a transition, a contrast, or a continuation of thought. It can be translated in various ways depending on the context, such as 'but' when indicating opposition, 'and' when simply continuing a narrative, or 'now'/'then' when marking a new point or development.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'and' or 'but'. It is an ancient particle used to connect ideas or introduce new information.

G2540

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: kai-RON

Translations: time, a time, season, a season, opportune time, a opportune time, proper time, a proper time

Notes: This word refers to a specific, appointed, or opportune time, a critical moment, or a season, rather than general chronological time (which is 'χρόνος'). It often implies a qualitative aspect of time, emphasizing the right or fitting moment for something. In the provided examples, it is used in the accusative case, indicating the object of an action or a duration.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΧΡΟΝΟΣ, ΩΡΑ, ΕΠΟΧΗ

Etymology: The etymology of 'καιρός' is uncertain, but it is thought to be related to the idea of 'fitting' or 'proper'.

G0784

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Part of Speech: Adjective

Sounds like: ass-SYR-ee-ohn

Translations: of Assyria, of the Assyrians, Assyrian

Notes: This word refers to something or someone belonging to Assyria or the Assyrian people. It is used to describe things originating from or associated with the ancient kingdom of Assyria, or to refer to the people themselves. In a sentence, it would typically modify a noun, indicating its origin or association, or be used substantively to refer to the people.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine

Etymology: From the Hebrew word 'Ashshur' (H0804), referring to Assyria or an Assyrian.

G2902

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: kra-TOON-ton

Translations: of those who rule, of those who hold power, of rulers, of those who are in authority

Notes: This word is a present active participle derived from the verb 'κράτεω' (krateō), meaning 'to rule' or 'to hold power'. In this form, it refers to 'those who are ruling' or 'those who are holding power'. It is used to describe individuals or groups who are currently exercising authority or dominion.

Inflection: Present, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΟΝΤΩΝ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑΖΟΝΤΩΝ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: THAYS

Translations: of the

Notes: ΤΗΣ is the genitive, singular, feminine form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to indicate possession, origin, or relationship for feminine singular nouns. For example, 'the house of the woman' would use ΤΗΣ for 'of the woman'. It functions similarly to 'of the' in English.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Etymology: The Greek definite article 'Ο' (of which ΤΗΣ is an inflection) derives from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun root. It evolved to function as a definite article in ancient Greek, marking nouns as specific or previously mentioned.

G0422

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: AYN-thay

Translations: was flourishing, was prospering, was blooming, was in bloom, was thriving

Notes: This word describes something that was in a state of flourishing, blooming, or prospering. It implies a continuous or repeated action in the past, indicating a period of growth, success, or vitality. It can be used to describe people, things, or situations that were thriving.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΕΥΔΟΚΙΜΕΩ, ΕΥΗΜΕΡΕΩ

Etymology: From ANTHOS (flower), meaning 'to bloom' or 'to flourish like a flower'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TAH

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΑ is the neuter plural form of the definite article in Koine Greek. It functions similarly to 'the' in English, indicating that a noun is definite or previously mentioned. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, and in this form, it can be used for both nominative (subject) and accusative (direct object) cases.

Inflection: Neuter, Plural, Nominative or Accusative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is a demonstrative pronoun that evolved into a definite article in Greek.

G1519

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, unto, among, in, toward

Notes: This word is a preposition that primarily indicates motion towards or into something. It is always used with the accusative case, showing the destination or goal of an action. It can also express purpose, result, or the object of an action. For example, it is used to say 'go into the city' or 'believe into Christ'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΕἸΣ comes from Proto-Indo-European *en-s, which is a locative adverb meaning 'in, into'. It is related to the English word 'in'.

G5037

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Particle

Sounds like: TEH

Translations: and, both, also, even, then, so, indeed

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears after the word it modifies or connects. It functions as a conjunction, often translated as 'and' or 'both...and', connecting words, phrases, or clauses. It can also add emphasis or indicate a consequence, sometimes translated as 'also' or 'even'. When used in pairs (τε...τε or τε...καί), it means 'both...and'. It is less emphatic than 'καί' (kai) and often implies a closer connection or a more natural pairing between the elements it joins.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΚΑΙ, ΔΕ, ΑΛΛΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kʷe, a clitic particle meaning 'and'. It is cognate with Latin -que and Sanskrit ca.

G1929

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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: eh-pee-deh-DOH-koh-tohn

Translations: of those who have given over, of those who have increased, of those who have advanced, of those who have surrendered

Notes: This word is a perfect active participle, genitive plural, derived from the verb 'epididomi'. It describes a state of having given over, having increased, or having advanced. It is used to refer to multiple individuals who have completed the action of giving over, increasing, or surrendering, and functions as a possessive or descriptive modifier in a sentence.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Participle, Genitive, Plural, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΑΥ̓ΞΑΝΟΝΤΩΝ, ΠΡΟΣΔΙΔΟΝΤΩΝ

G2532

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Part of Speech: Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: kahee

Translations: and, also, even, but, then

Notes: ΚΑΙ is a very common conjunction in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'and' to connect words, phrases, or clauses. It can also function as an adverb, emphasizing a word or phrase with meanings like 'also' or 'even'. In some contexts, it can introduce a contrast, similar to 'but', or indicate sequence, meaning 'then'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ΚΑΙ is an ancient particle, tracing its origins back to Proto-Indo-European. It has remained remarkably stable in form and function throughout the history of the Greek language.

G0846

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: ow-TOYS

Translations: (to) them, (to) themselves, (to) it, (to) him, (to) her

Notes: This word is a dative plural form of the personal/demonstrative pronoun 'ΑΥ̓ΤΟΣ'. It typically means 'to/for them' or 'to/for themselves', depending on the context. It can refer to people or things. When used reflexively, it emphasizes the subject performing an action on or for themselves. It can also be used to refer to 'it', 'him', or 'her' in the dative case when the gender and number are clear from context, though 'them' is its primary plural translation.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article

Sounds like: TANE

Translations: the

Notes: ΤΗΝ is the feminine singular accusative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun that is feminine in gender, singular in number, and in the accusative case, indicating it is the direct object of a verb or the object of certain prepositions. For example, it would be used before a feminine singular noun like 'πόλιν' (city) when 'city' is the direct object.

Inflection: Singular, Accusative, Feminine

Etymology: The Koine Greek definite article derives from Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronouns. It evolved from an earlier demonstrative particle, becoming a grammatical marker for definiteness.

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Part of Speech: Unknown

Sounds like: SOOM-moh-BOH-ross

Translations: unknown

Notes: It's not clear what this word means. It appears to be a misspelling or a garbled form of another word, as it does not appear in standard Koine Greek lexicons. It might be a compound word, but its components are not readily identifiable in a meaningful way within the Koine Greek vocabulary. If it were a compound, 'ΣΥΜ-' (sym-) typically means 'with' or 'together'. The latter part '-ΜΟΒΟΡΟΣ' is not a recognized Greek word or suffix.

Inflection: Unknown

Etymology: Cannot find any information about the etymology of this word, as it does not appear to be a recognized Koine Greek word.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Letter

Sounds like: OH

Translations: the, who, which, O

Notes: Ο is primarily the masculine singular nominative form of the definite article 'the'. It is used to specify a noun, similar to 'the' in English. It can also function as a relative pronoun, meaning 'who' or 'which', introducing a relative clause. Additionally, 'Ο' is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Omicron, which corresponds to the short 'o' sound.

Inflection: Masculine, Singular, Nominative (for the article/relative pronoun); Does not inflect (for the letter)

Etymology: The definite article 'Ο' derives from Proto-Indo-European. The letter 'Ο' (Omicron) is derived from the Phoenician letter 'ayin'.

G0935

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: bah-see-LEHFS

Translations: king, a king, ruler, sovereign

Notes: This word refers to a king or a ruler, someone who holds supreme authority over a territory or people. It is commonly used to denote a monarch or sovereign. In a sentence, it would function as a noun, often as the subject or object, indicating the person in power.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΩΝ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΚΥΡΙΟΣ

Etymology: From an uncertain root, possibly related to a word meaning 'base' or 'foundation', suggesting one who stands at the foundation of power or authority. It has been used since ancient Greek times to refer to a monarch.

G2064

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ER-khon

Translations: they were coming, they came, they went

Notes: This is the third person plural imperfect active indicative form of the verb ἔρχομαι (erchomai), meaning 'to come' or 'to go'. The imperfect tense describes an ongoing or repeated action in the past, or an action that was in progress. Thus, it translates to 'they were coming' or 'they used to come', or simply 'they came' in a narrative context.

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Active, 3rd Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ, ΒΑΙΝΩ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ

Etymology: The word ἔρχομαι (erchomai) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to move' or 'to go'.

G1909

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: eh-PEE

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, concerning, during, by, beside, near, among, with respect to

Notes: This is a very common and versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. With the genitive case, it often means 'upon, over, on, at, in the time of, during, concerning, in the presence of'. With the dative case, it can mean 'upon, on, at, by, near, beside, in, for, in addition to, on the basis of, because of, in the time of, during, in the presence of, against'. With the accusative case, it typically means 'upon, on, to, against, over, for, with a view to, at, by, during, in the time of'. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'upon, besides, in addition'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ comes from Proto-Indo-European. It is related to similar prepositions in other Indo-European languages, conveying ideas of 'on, upon, over'.

G4754

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: strah-TEV-san-tes

Translations: having campaigned, having served as a soldier, having gone to war, having made war, having fought

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'στρατεύω', meaning 'to serve as a soldier' or 'to go to war'. It describes an action that has already taken place, indicating that the subject has engaged in military service or warfare. It is often used to describe groups of people who have undertaken a military expedition or fought in a battle.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΜΕΩ, ΜΑΧΟΜΑΙ

G4160

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: poy-EE-san-tes

Translations: having made, having done, making, doing, performing, creating

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'to make' or 'to do'. It describes an action that has been completed by the subject, often preceding or accompanying the action of the main verb in a sentence. It functions like an adjective or adverb, modifying a noun or verb by indicating the action performed.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΞΑΝΤΕΣ, ΕΡΓΑΣΑΜΕΝΟΙ, ΤΕΛΕΣΑΝΤΕΣ

G4172

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: eh-po-li-OR-koon

Translations: they were besieging, they besieged, they were blockading, they blockaded

Notes: This word describes the action of besieging or blockading a city or a place. It is typically used to indicate a military action where an army surrounds a location to cut off supplies and force a surrender. The form indicates that the action was ongoing in the past, or completed in the past by a group of people.

Inflection: Imperfect Indicative, Active, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΠΕΡΙΚΑΘΙΖΩ, ΚΥΚΛΟΩ, ΠΕΡΙΚΥΚΛΟΩ

G4755

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: strah-TAY-goss

Translations: commander, general, governor, a commander, a general, a governor

Notes: This word refers to a military commander, a general, or a governor. It is a compound word derived from 'στρατός' (army) and 'ἄγω' (to lead), literally meaning 'leader of an army'. It can be used to describe someone in charge of military forces or a civil administrator with significant authority, often in a military context.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΑΡΧΙΣΤΡΑΤΗΓΟΣ, ΗΓΕΜΩΝ, ΔΟΥΞ

Etymology: From 'στρατός' (army) and 'ἄγω' (to lead). It refers to one who leads an army or a military force.

G1519, G1520

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Numeral

Sounds like: EES

Translations: into, to, for, toward, among, in, a, an, one

Notes: As a preposition, ΕΙΣ (eis) indicates motion or direction towards a place, person, or purpose, often translated as 'into,' 'to,' or 'for.' It always takes the accusative case. For example, 'into the house' or 'to God.' It can also be used to express purpose or result. As a numeral, ΕΙΣ (heis) means 'one' and is the masculine nominative singular form, often translated as 'a,' 'an,' or 'one.'

Inflection: Preposition: Does not inflect. Numeral: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (other forms exist for other genders and cases).

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΕΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *en-s, an extended form of the preposition *en (in).

G2002

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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: eh-pee-teh-TAG-meh-nos

Translations: appointed, commanded, ordered, assigned, having been commanded, having been ordered

Notes: This word is the perfect passive participle of the verb ἐπιτάσσω (epitassō), meaning 'to command' or 'to order'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing something that has been commanded, appointed, or assigned. It indicates a state resulting from a past action of commanding or ordering.

Inflection: Perfect Passive Participle, Masculine, Singular, Nominative

Synonyms: ΤΕΤΑΓΜΕΝΟΣ, ΠΡΟΣΤΕΤΑΓΜΕΝΟΣ

Etymology: The word ἐπιτάσσω (epitassō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the verb τάσσω (tassō), meaning 'to arrange', 'to order', or 'to assign'. Thus, it literally means 'to arrange upon' or 'to place an order upon'.

G1096

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: geh-no-MEH-nays

Translations: (of) having become, (of) having happened, (of) being, (of) coming into existence, (of) being born, (of) being made

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to happen,' 'to come into existence,' or 'to be made.' As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred or is in the process of occurring, often functioning like a verbal adjective or an adverbial clause. In this form, it indicates a feminine singular genitive relationship, often translated as 'of having become' or 'when it became' in a genitive absolute construction.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine, Aorist Middle Participle

Synonyms: ΓΕΝΕΣΘΑΙ, ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ, ΓΕΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ

G3163

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: MA-khees

Translations: of battle, of fight, of combat, of a battle, of a fight, of a combat

Notes: This word refers to a battle, fight, or combat. It is used to describe a physical conflict or struggle between individuals or groups. As a noun, it can function as the subject or object of a sentence, or in this genitive form, it indicates possession or relationship, often translated with 'of'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΕΜΟΥ, ΑΓΩΝΟΣ, ΕΡΙΔΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΜΑΧΗ (machē) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *magh-, meaning 'to be able, to have power'. It is related to words signifying struggle or combat.

G3528

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: nee-KAY-san-tes

Translations: having conquered, having overcome, having prevailed, having won

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'νικάω' (nikaō), meaning 'to conquer' or 'to overcome'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already taken place. It indicates that the subject has achieved victory or mastery over something or someone. For example, it could be used in a sentence like 'the soldiers, having conquered, returned home'.

Inflection: Aorist Active Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΚΡΑΤΕΩ, ΥΠΕΡΝΙΚΑΩ, ΘΡΙΑΜΒΕΥΩ

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Pronoun, Interjection

Sounds like: OY

Translations: the, who, they, oh

Notes: ΟΙ is primarily the masculine plural nominative form of the definite article, meaning 'the'. It is used to specify a group of masculine nouns that are the subject of a sentence. It can also function as a demonstrative pronoun, meaning 'these' or 'they', referring to a group of people or things previously mentioned. Less commonly, it can be an interjection, similar to 'oh' or 'alas'.

Inflection: Masculine, Plural, Nominative

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, related to demonstrative pronouns and articles in other Indo-European languages.

G3303

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN

Translations: indeed, on the one hand, truly, certainly, but, however

Notes: This word is a particle often used to introduce a clause that is contrasted with a following clause, which is typically introduced by the particle δέ (de). It can indicate a concession, an affirmation, or simply serve to mark a transition in thought. While it often translates as 'indeed' or 'on the one hand,' its precise meaning is highly dependent on context and the presence of a contrasting 'δέ' clause.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΕ, ΓΕ, ΚΑΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is an ancient particle used to mark emphasis or contrast.

G3767

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Part of Speech: Particle, Conjunction, Adverb

Sounds like: OON

Translations: therefore, then, so, consequently, accordingly, now, indeed

Notes: This word is a particle used to indicate a logical consequence, transition, or emphasis. It often connects a statement to what precedes it, meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a summary, translated as 'then' or 'now'. In some contexts, it adds emphasis, meaning 'indeed' or 'certainly'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ἈΡΑ, ΔΕ, ΤΟΙΓΑΡΟΥ͂Ν

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *nu, meaning 'now' or 'then'. It is related to Latin 'nunc' (now) and English 'now'.

G3588

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Demonstrative Pronoun

Sounds like: TOOS

Translations: the, them, those

Notes: ΤΟΥΣ is the masculine plural accusative form of the definite article or demonstrative pronoun 'ὁ'. As an article, it functions like 'the' in English, specifying a noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned. As a pronoun, it means 'them' or 'those', referring to a group of masculine individuals or things in the accusative case, indicating they are the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *so- (demonstrative pronoun).

G2025

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Part of Speech: Participle, Adjective

Sounds like: eh-pee-takh-THEN-tas

Translations: having been commanded, having been ordered, having been enjoined, those commanded, those ordered, those enjoined

Notes: This word is a passive participle derived from the verb 'epitassō', meaning 'to command' or 'to order'. As a participle, it functions like an adjective, describing someone or something that has received a command or order. It can also function substantively, referring to 'those who have been commanded' or 'the things that have been ordered'.

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣΤΑΧΘΕΝΤΑΣ, ΚΕΛΕΥΣΘΕΝΤΑΣ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙΤΆΣΣΩ (epitassō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἘΠΊ (epi), meaning 'upon' or 'over', and the verb ΤΆΣΣΩ (tassō), meaning 'to arrange', 'to order', or 'to appoint'. Thus, it literally means 'to arrange upon' or 'to set in order over', leading to the sense of commanding or ordering.

G5411

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: FOH-roos

Translations: tribute, tax, a tax, a tribute

Notes: This word refers to a payment, tribute, or tax, often imposed by a ruler or government. It signifies something that is 'borne' or 'carried' as an obligation. It is used in sentences to denote the financial or material contribution required from subjects or citizens.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΟΣ, ΔΑΣΜΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΦΟΡΟΣ (phoros) comes from the verb φέρω (pherō), meaning 'to bear' or 'to carry'. It refers to something that is 'borne' or 'brought' as a payment or tribute.

G5055

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: teh-LOON-tes

Translations: performing, accomplishing, completing, finishing, paying, executing, celebrating

Notes: This word is a present active participle, meaning 'performing' or 'accomplishing'. It describes an ongoing action of bringing something to an end, fulfilling a duty, or carrying out a task. It can also refer to paying a tax or celebrating a religious rite. It is often used to describe actions that are being completed or brought to fruition.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΠΡΑΤΤΟΝΤΕΣ, ΕΠΙΤΕΛΟΥΝΤΕΣ, ΣΥΝΤΕΛΟΥΝΤΕΣ

G0868

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-pes-TAY-san

Translations: they departed, they withdrew, they stood away, they revolted, they fell away

Notes: This word is the third person plural aorist active indicative form of the verb meaning 'to stand off from', 'to depart', 'to withdraw', or 'to revolt'. It describes an action of separation or defection that occurred in the past. It can be used to describe physical departure or a spiritual or political falling away.

Inflection: Third Person, Plural, Aorist, Active, Indicative

Synonyms: ἈΠΟΧΩΡΕΩ, ἈΝΑΧΩΡΕΩ, ἈΠΟΔΙΔΡΑΣΚΩ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀπό (apo, "from") and ἵστημι (histēmi, "to stand"), literally meaning "to stand from" or "to stand off".

G1228

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-ah-BAH-ee-nay

Translations: cross over, pass through, go through, pass over

Notes: This is a compound verb formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'across', and the verb βαίνω (bainō), meaning 'to go' or 'to step'. It describes the action of moving from one side to another, such as crossing a river or passing through a region. It is often used in contexts of travel or transition.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Singular

Synonyms: ΔΙΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΠΕΡΑΩ, ΔΙΑΠΟΡΕΥΟΜΑΙ

G4756

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: STRA-tos

Translations: army, an army, host, camp, a camp

Notes: This word refers to an army, a host of people, or a military camp. It is typically used to describe a large organized body of soldiers or a place where they are encamped. It can also refer more broadly to a multitude or a large group.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΣΤΡΑΤΕΥΜΑ, ΣΤΡΑΤΙΑ

Etymology: The word ΣΤΡΑΤΟΣ comes from an ancient root meaning 'to spread out' or 'to encamp,' referring to the way an army spreads out or sets up camp.

G1909

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: ep

Translations: on, upon, over, to, against, at, in, for, by, before, among, concerning, with

Notes: This word is a preposition, often used as a prefix in compound words. It is a shortened form of the preposition ἘΠΙ (epi), which loses its final vowel when the next word begins with a vowel and a rough breathing mark. Its precise meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs: with the genitive, it often means 'on, upon, over' (of place) or 'at, during' (of time); with the dative, it can mean 'on, at, by' (of place), 'in addition to', or 'for, because of'; and with the accusative, it typically means 'to, toward, against' (of motion) or 'over, upon' (of extent).

Inflection: Does not inflect (preposition)

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ὙΠΕΡ, ΠΑΡΑ

Etymology: The word ἘΠΙ (epi) comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'on, at, near'.

G4754

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Part of Speech: Verb (Participle)

Sounds like: strah-tay-GOON-tohn

Translations: of those commanding, of those leading, of those governing, of those acting as general

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'strategéō', meaning 'to be a general', 'to lead an army', or 'to govern'. In this form, it describes the action of those who are commanding or leading, often in a military or administrative capacity. It indicates that the action of commanding or leading is ongoing or habitual for the subjects.

Inflection: Plural, Genitive, Masculine, Present, Active, Participle

Synonyms: ΗΓΟΥΜΕΝΩΝ, ΑΡΧΟΝΤΩΝ

G1283

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: dee-air-PAH-san-toh

Translations: they plundered, they pillaged, they robbed, they seized as plunder

Notes: This word describes the act of plundering or pillaging, often with violence or force. It implies taking spoils or property from others, usually after a conquest or raid. It is a compound word formed from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'completely,' and the verb ἁρπάζω (harpazō), meaning 'to seize' or 'to snatch.'

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΛΗΙΖΟΜΑΙ, ΣΚΥΛΕΥΩ, ΠΟΡΘΕΩ

G0662

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: ah-po-GOH-noos

Translations: descendants, offspring, posterity

Notes: This word refers to those born after, or descended from, a particular person or group. It is used to denote future generations or the lineage that follows. For example, one might speak of the descendants of a king or a nation.

Inflection: Plural, Accusative, Masculine

Synonyms: ΕΚΓΟΝΟΙ, ΣΠΕΡΜΑ

Etymology: The word ἀπόγονος (apogonos) is a compound word derived from ἀπό (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and γόνος (gonos), meaning 'offspring' or 'birth'. Thus, it literally means 'from birth' or 'born from', referring to those who come after.

G1096

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: geh-NO-meh-noy

Translations: having become, being, having come to pass, having arisen, having been born, having happened

Notes: This word is an aorist middle participle derived from the verb 'γίνομαι' (ginomai), meaning 'to become,' 'to come into being,' 'to happen,' or 'to be born.' As a participle, it functions like an adjective or adverb, describing an action that has already occurred or a state that has been achieved. It often translates as 'having become' or 'those who have become,' indicating a completed action that results in a new state or identity.

Inflection: Aorist, Middle Voice, Participle, Nominative, Masculine, Plural

Synonyms: ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΕΣ, ΕΓΕΝΟΝΤΟ

G2596

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: KAH-tah

Translations: down, according to, against, throughout, by, during, concerning, along

Notes: ΚΑΤΑ is a versatile preposition in Koine Greek. Its meaning varies significantly depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it often indicates movement 'down from,' opposition 'against,' or reference 'concerning' something. When used with the accusative case, it typically means 'down along,' 'according to,' 'throughout,' 'during,' or 'by' means of something. It can express direction, distribution, opposition, or a standard.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΡΟΣ, ΑΝΤΙ, ΔΙΑ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kmtá, meaning 'down, with'. It is related to other prepositions and adverbs in various Indo-European languages.

G4754

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: strah-toh-peh-DEH-oo-see

Translations: they encamp, they pitch camp, they set up camp

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to encamp' or 'to pitch camp'. It describes the action of an army or group of people setting up a temporary dwelling place, typically for military purposes. It is used to describe the act of establishing a camp.

Inflection: Present, Active, Indicative, Third Person Plural

Synonyms: ΠΑΡΕΜΒΑΛΛΩ, ΣΚΗΝΟΩ

Etymology: The verb στρατοπεδεύω (stratopedeuō) is derived from the noun στρατόπεδον (stratopedon), which is a compound word formed from στρατός (stratos, meaning 'army') and πέδον (pedon, meaning 'ground' or 'plain'). Thus, it literally means 'army ground' or 'army camp'.

G0782

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: as-FAL-too

Translations: (of) asphalt, (of) bitumen, (of) pitch, (of) an asphalt, (of) a bitumen, (of) a pitch

Notes: This word refers to asphalt, bitumen, or pitch, which are naturally occurring sticky, black, viscous forms of petroleum. It is often used to describe the material found in tar pits or used for sealing. In a sentence, it would typically be used to indicate possession or origin, such as 'of asphalt' or 'made from bitumen'.

Inflection: Singular, Genitive, Feminine

Synonyms: ΠΙΣΣΑ, ΚΟΛΛΑ

Etymology: The word is of Greek origin, derived from the verb ἀσφαλίζω (asphalizo), meaning 'to make firm' or 'to secure', referring to the material's use as a sealant or binder.

G1063

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Part of Speech: Particle

Sounds like: gar

Translations: for, because, indeed, then, therefore

Notes: This word is a postpositive particle, meaning it typically appears second in a clause. It introduces a reason, explanation, or confirmation for what has just been stated. It can also indicate a logical consequence or a transition in thought, often translated as 'for' or 'because'. In some contexts, it can simply add emphasis or affirm a statement.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΔΙΟΤΙ, ΕΠΕΙ, ΟΥΝ

Etymology: The particle ΓΑΡ is believed to be a contraction of the particles γε (ge) meaning 'indeed' or 'at least' and ἄρα (ara) meaning 'then' or 'therefore'. It has been in use since ancient Greek.

G1722

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: en

Translations: in, on, among, with, by, at

Notes: This word is a common preposition in Koine Greek, primarily meaning 'in' or 'on'. It typically governs the dative case, indicating location, time, or means. Its precise translation can vary depending on the context, often conveying ideas like 'within,' 'among,' or 'by means of'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases but does not change its own form).

Etymology: The Koine Greek preposition 'ἘΝ' derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *en, meaning 'in' or 'into'. It has cognates in many other Indo-European languages, reflecting its ancient origin.

G3305

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Conjunction

Sounds like: MEN-toy

Translations: however, certainly, indeed, nevertheless, yet, truly

Notes: ΜΕΝΤΟΙ is a particle used to introduce a strong contrast or to emphasize a statement. It often means 'however' or 'nevertheless' when introducing a contrasting idea, or 'certainly' or 'indeed' when adding emphasis to a preceding statement. It can be used to affirm something strongly or to mark a transition to a more important or contrasting point.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΑΛΛΑ, ΔΕ, ΓΑΡ

Etymology: From the particle μέν (men) meaning 'on the one hand' or 'indeed', and τοι (toi) meaning 'surely' or 'indeed'. It combines these elements to form a stronger emphatic or adversative particle.

G0006

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: ah-fah-nis-THEY-sees

Translations: having disappeared, having vanished, having been destroyed, having been made invisible, of having disappeared, of having vanished, of having been destroyed, of having been made invisible

Notes: This word is a participle derived from the verb 'aphanizō', meaning 'to make unseen, to destroy, to vanish'. As a participle, it describes an action that has already occurred, functioning like an adjective or adverb. In this form, it indicates something that has been caused to disappear or has vanished, often implying destruction or removal from sight. It is a compound word, combining 'a-' (negative prefix) and 'phainō' (to appear).

Inflection: Aorist, Passive, Feminine, Singular, Genitive

Synonyms: ΑΠΟΛΛΥΜΙ, ΕΞΑΛΕΙΦΩ, ΚΑΤΑΛΥΩ

G3588, G3739, G2228

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Part of Speech: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Conjunction, Interjection

Sounds like: AY

Translations: the, who, which, or, oh, ah

Notes: This word is most commonly used as the definite article 'the' in Koine Greek, specifically as the feminine nominative singular form (e.g., 'the cry') or the neuter nominative/accusative plural form. It can also function as a relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which' (feminine nominative singular). Additionally, it can be a conjunction meaning 'or' or an interjection expressing surprise or emotion, similar to 'oh' or 'ah'. Its meaning is highly dependent on context.

Inflection: Feminine, Nominative, Singular (Definite Article or Relative Pronoun); Neuter, Nominative or Accusative, Plural (Definite Article); Does not inflect (Conjunction or Interjection)

Etymology: The Greek definite article and related forms derive from a Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun. The conjunction and interjection forms have separate, though related, origins within Proto-Indo-European.

G2807

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Part of Speech: Noun

Sounds like: KOY-las

Translations: valley, a valley, hollow, a hollow, plain, a plain

Notes: This word refers to a hollow, a valley, or a plain. It describes a low-lying area of land, often between hills or mountains. It can be used to denote a specific geographical feature, such as 'the valley of blessing' or 'the Salt Valley'.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Synonyms: ΑΥΛΩΝ, ΦΑΡΑΓΞ

Etymology: The word ΚΟΙΛΑΣ is derived from the adjective κοῖλος (koilos), meaning 'hollow' or 'concave'. It refers to a hollowed-out or depressed area of land.

G1096

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: geh-GOH-nen

Translations: has become, has happened, has come to pass, was, came into being

Notes: ΓΕΓΟΝΕΝ is the third person singular perfect active indicative form of the verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai). It describes an action that has been completed in the past but has ongoing results or a continuing state in the present. It can mean 'has become,' 'has happened,' or 'has come into being,' often implying a state of existence or a new reality that has resulted from a past event.

Inflection: Perfect, Active, Indicative, 3rd Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΕΙΜΙ, ΥΠΑΡΧΩ

Etymology: The verb ΓΙΝΟΜΑΙ (ginomai) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-, meaning 'to beget, to produce, to be born.' It is related to words signifying birth, origin, and coming into existence.

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: as-fal-TEE-tis

Translations: Asphaltic, of asphalt, Asphalt Lake, Dead Sea

Notes: This word is an adjective meaning 'asphaltic' or 'of asphalt'. It is most famously used to refer to the 'Asphalt Lake' or 'Dead Sea', which was known for its asphalt deposits. When used as a noun, it refers specifically to this body of water.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine

Etymology: The word derives from the Greek word ἄσφαλτος (asphaltos), referring to asphalt or bitumen, which was found in abundance in the region of the Dead Sea.

G3004

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Part of Speech: Participle

Sounds like: leh-GO-meh-nee

Translations: being called, being said, called, said, named, so-called, a called, a said, a named

Notes: This word is a present passive participle, meaning 'being called' or 'being said'. It is often used to describe something that is 'so-called' or 'named', indicating a common designation or a descriptive title. It functions like an adjective, modifying a noun.

Inflection: Singular, Nominative, Feminine, Present, Passive

Synonyms: ΟΝΟΜΑΖΟΜΕΝΗ, ΚΑΛΟΥΜΕΝΗ

Etymology: The word ΛΕΓΩ (legō) comes from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ-, meaning 'to gather, collect', which evolved to mean 'to pick out words, speak'.

G4012

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Part of Speech: Preposition

Sounds like: PEH-ree

Translations: about, concerning, around, for, on behalf of, with respect to, at, near

Notes: This word is a preposition that can take either the genitive or accusative case, and its meaning changes depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'about', 'concerning', 'for', or 'on behalf of'. When used with the accusative case, it usually indicates spatial 'around', 'about' (in the sense of movement or position), 'at', or 'near'. It can also be used as a prefix in compound words, adding a sense of 'around' or 'excessive'.

Inflection: Governs Genitive or Accusative case; Does not inflect itself

Synonyms: ΥΠΕΡ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΕΠΙ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri, meaning 'around, about'. It is cognate with English 'peri-' (as in 'perimeter') and Latin 'per'.

G0861

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Part of Speech: Adverb

Sounds like: OW-this

Translations: again, anew, back, once more, furthermore, on the other hand

Notes: This word is an adverb meaning 'again' or 'anew'. It is used to indicate a repetition of an action or a return to a previous state or place. It can also be used to introduce a new point or a contrasting idea, similar to 'furthermore' or 'on the other hand'.

Inflection: Does not inflect

Synonyms: ΠΑΛΙΝ, ἘΤΙ

Etymology: From Ancient Greek αὖθις (authis), meaning 'again', 'back again'. It is related to αὖ (au), meaning 'again', 'furthermore'.

G3326

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Adverb

Sounds like: MEH-tah

Translations: with, after, among, behind, by, in company with, in pursuit of, according to

Notes: This word is a preposition that can also function as an adverb. Its meaning varies depending on the case of the noun it governs. When used with the genitive case, it typically means 'with' or 'in company with'. When used with the accusative case, it usually means 'after' or 'behind' (indicating sequence or pursuit). It can also denote a change of state or position.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition, it governs cases)

Synonyms: ΣΥΝ, ΕΠΙ, ΠΡΟΣ

Etymology: The word 'μετά' (meta) comes from Proto-Indo-European *met- 'in the middle, among, with'. It is related to English 'mid' and 'middle'.

G4183

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Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

Sounds like: PO-loo

Translations: much, many, great, greatly, often, a lot

Notes: This word is commonly used to indicate a large quantity, degree, or frequency. As an adverb, it means 'much,' 'greatly,' or 'often,' modifying verbs or adjectives. As an adjective, it means 'much' (for singular nouns) or 'many' (for plural nouns), describing the quantity of something. It can also mean 'great' in terms of size or importance.

Inflection: Neuter, Singular (as adjective); Does not inflect (as adverb)

Synonyms: ΠΟΛΛΑ, ΠΛΕΙΟΝ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European, meaning 'much' or 'many'. It is a very common word across various Indo-European languages.

G1213

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: day-LOH-soh-men

Translations: we will make clear, we will show, we will declare, we will reveal

Notes: This word is a verb meaning 'to make clear,' 'to show,' 'to declare,' or 'to reveal.' It is used to express an action that will be performed by a group (we) in the future, indicating that they will make something known or evident.

Inflection: Future, Active, Indicative, First Person, Plural

Synonyms: ΦΑΝΕΡΩΣΟΜΕΝ, ΑΠΟΚΑΛΥΨΟΜΕΝ

Etymology: The word ΔΗΛΟΩ comes from the adjective ΔΗΛΟΣ (delos), meaning 'visible' or 'clear.' It signifies the act of making something visible or clear.

G4820

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Part of Speech: Verb, Participle

Sounds like: soom-BAL-lon-tone

Translations: of those who met, of those who encountered, of those who joined battle, of those who contributed, of those who conferred

Notes: This word is a genitive plural participle of the verb 'συμβάλλω' (symballō). It describes an action completed in the past by multiple subjects, indicating that they 'met together,' 'encountered,' 'joined battle,' 'contributed,' or 'conferred.' It is often used in contexts of people coming together for various purposes, including conflict or discussion.

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Participle, Masculine or Neuter, Genitive, Plural

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΣΥΝΤΥΓΧΑΝΩ, ΣΥΝΙΣΤΑΜΑΙ

G0599

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: ah-peh-THA-non

Translations: I died, they died, he died, she died, it died

Notes: This word means 'to die' or 'to be dead'. It is the aorist active indicative form, which describes a past action completed at a specific point in time. It can be either first person singular ('I died') or third person plural ('they died'). In some contexts, it can also be used for third person singular ('he/she/it died').

Inflection: Aorist, Active, Indicative, 1st Person Singular or 3rd Person Plural

Synonyms: ΤΕΛΕΥΤΑΩ, ΕΚΠΝΕΩ

Etymology: The word ΑΠΟΘΝῌΣΚΩ is a compound verb formed from the preposition ΑΠΟ (apo), meaning 'from' or 'away from', and the verb ΘΝῌΣΚΩ (thnēskō), meaning 'to die'. The prefix emphasizes the separation from life.

G3062

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Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

Sounds like: LOY-poy

Translations: the rest, the remaining, the others, the leftover

Notes: This word refers to what is left over or remaining from a group or quantity. It can function as an adjective, modifying a noun to indicate the 'remaining' ones, or as a substantive noun, meaning 'the rest' or 'the others'. It is often used to distinguish a particular group from the remainder.

Inflection: Plural, Nominative, Masculine or Neuter

Synonyms: ΚΑΤΑΛΟΙΠΟΙ, ΥΠΟΛΟΙΠΟΙ

Etymology: From the verb λείπω (leípō), meaning 'to leave' or 'to remain'.

G4862

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Part of Speech: Preposition, Prefix

Sounds like: soon

Translations: with, together with, along with

Notes: ΣΥΝ is a preposition that typically takes the dative case, meaning 'with' or 'together with', indicating association, accompaniment, or union. It is also very commonly used as a prefix in compound words, where it conveys the idea of 'togetherness', 'union', 'completion', or 'joint action'. For example, 'συντρίβω' (syntribo) means 'to break together' or 'to crush', and 'συνκαίω' (synkaio) means 'to burn together'.

Inflection: Does not inflect (as a preposition); as a prefix, it modifies the meaning of the verb or noun it attaches to.

Synonyms: ΜΕΤΑ, ΟΜΟΥ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kom, meaning 'with' or 'beside'. It is cognate with Latin 'cum' and English 'co-' or 'con-'.

G3739

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Part of Speech: Pronoun

Sounds like: OYS

Translations: to whom, to which, to what

Notes: This word is a relative pronoun, meaning 'to whom', 'to which', or 'to what'. It is used to introduce a relative clause, connecting it to a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It indicates the indirect object of the verb in the relative clause, showing to whom or to what an action is directed. It can refer to people or things and is used for all genders.

Inflection: Dative, Plural, All genders

Synonyms: ΤΙΣ, ὉΠΟΙΟΣ

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European. It is related to the demonstrative pronoun and is a common form for relative pronouns across Indo-European languages.

G0071

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Part of Speech: Verb

Sounds like: AY-geh-toh

Translations: he was led, he was brought, he was going, he was leading

Notes: This is a verb in the imperfect tense, middle or passive voice, third person singular. It describes an ongoing action in the past. In the middle voice, it means 'he was leading himself' or 'he was going'. In the passive voice, it means 'he was being led' or 'he was being brought'. The context usually clarifies whether the action is active (leading/going) or passive (being led/brought).

Inflection: Imperfect, Indicative, Middle or Passive, Third Person, Singular

Synonyms: ΦΕΡΩ, ΕΡΧΟΜΑΙ, ΑΠΑΓΩ

G4844

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Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective

Sounds like: SOOM-ma-khos

Translations: ally, a confederate, a helper, a fellow-combatant, allied, confederate

Notes: This word can function as both a noun and an adjective. As a noun, it refers to an ally, a confederate, or someone who fights alongside another. As an adjective, it describes something or someone as allied or confederate. It is a compound word formed from 'σύν' (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and 'μάχη' (machē), meaning 'battle' or 'fight'. Thus, it literally means 'fighting together'. It is used to describe those who join forces or provide assistance in a conflict or endeavor.

Inflection: Masculine or Feminine, Nominative, Singular

Synonyms: ΣΥΝΕΡΓΟΣ, ΒΟΗΘΟΣ

Etymology: The word ΣΥΜΜΑΧΟΣ is derived from the prefix σύν (syn), meaning 'with' or 'together', and the noun μάχη (machē), meaning 'battle' or 'fight'. It describes someone who joins in battle or struggle with another.

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2001 Translation

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Book 1, Chapter 9

Interlinear version from Josephus' Antiquities of the Jews (Beta)

9:171

9:172

9:173

9:174

9:175

This interlinear database is in beta